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MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
Is the function graphed below one-to-one?

1) 1)
10 y
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
A) Yes B) No
2) 2)
10 y
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
A) No B) Yes
3) 3)
10 y
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
A) No B) Yes
1
4) 4)
10 y
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
A) No B) Yes
5) 5)
10 y
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
A) Yes B) No
6) 6)
10 y
-10 -5 5 x
-5
-10
A) No B) Yes
2
7) 7)
y
6
-6 -4 -2 2 4 6 x
-2
-4
-6
A) No B) Yes
3
Graph the inverse of the function plotted, on the same set of axes. Use a dashed curve for the inverse.
8) 8)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
4
9) 9)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
5
10) 10)
y
10
-10 -5 5 10 x
-5
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
5 5
-10 -5 5 10 x -10 -5 5 10 x
-5 -5
-10 -10
6
11) 11)
y
10
-10 10 x
-10
A) B)
y y
10 10
-10 10 x -10 10 x
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
-10 10 x -10 10 x
-10 -10
12) 12)
y
10
-10 10 x
-10
7
A) B)
y y
10 10
-10 10 x -10 10 x
-10 -10
C) D)
y y
10 10
-10 10 x -10 10 x
-10 -10
Function is its own inverse.
8
13) 13)
y
1 2 3 x
A) B)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
1 2 3 x 1 2 3 x
C) D)
y y
3 3
2 2
1 1
1 2 3 x 1 2 3 x
9
14) 14)
y
4
3
2
1
- -   x
2 4 -1 4 2
-2
-3
-4
A) B)
y y
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
- -   x - -   x
2 4 -1 4 2 2 4 -1 4 2
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
C) D)
y y
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
- -   x - -   x
2 4 -1 4 2 2 4 -1 4 2
-2 -2
-3 -3
-4 -4
Find the inverse of the function.

15) f(x) = 8x + 3 15)
x+3 x
A) f-1 (x) = B) f-1 (x) = - 3
8 8
x-3
C) Not a one-to-one function D) f-1 (x) =
8
16) f(x) = x3 - 4 16)

3
A) f-1 (x) = x-4 B) Not a one-to-one function
3 3
C) f-1 (x) = x + 4 D) f-1 (x) = x + 4
10
17) f(x) = 7x3 + 4 17)
3 x
A) f-1 (x) = -4 B) Not a one-to-one function
7
3 x-4 3 x+4
C) f-1 (x) = D) f-1 (x) =
7 7
18) f(x) = x + 8, x ≥ -8 18)

A) Not a one-to-one function B) f-1 (x) = x2 - 8, x ≥ 0
C) f-1 (x) = -x2 + 8, x ≥ 0 D) f-1 (x) = x2 - 64, x ≥ 0
19) f(x) = x - 6, x ≥ 0 19)

-1
A) f (x) = -(x + 6)2 , x ≥ 6 B) f-1 (x) = (x - 6)2
C) f-1 (x) = x + 6, x ≥ 6 D) f-1 (x) = (x + 6)2 , x ≥ 6
20) f(x) = x - 4, x ≥ 4 20)

-1
A) f (x) = x + 4, x ≥ 0 B) f-1 (x) = x2 + 4, x ≥ 0
C) f-1 (x) = x2 - 4, x ≥ 0 D) Not a one-to-one function
5
21) f(x) = 21)
x-2
-2 + 5x
A) Not a one-to-one function B) f-1 (x) =
x
x 2x + 5
C) f-1 (x) = D) f-1 (x) =
-2 + 5x x
22) f(x) = x-6 22)

A) f-1 (x) = x2 + 6, x ≥ 0 B) f-1 (x) = x+6
C) f-1 (x) = (x - 6)2 D) Not a one-to-one function
23) f(x) = (x - 1)2 , x ≥ 1 23)

A) f-1 (x) = - x + 1, x ≥ 0 B) f-1 (x) = x + 1, x ≥ 0
C) Not a one-to-one function D) f-1 (x) = x - 1, x ≥ 1
Find the domain and range of the inverse of the given function.
24) f(x) = 3.9 - 0.04x 24)
A) Domain: all real numbers; range: (-∞, 3.9]
B) Domain: [3.9, ∞); range: all real numbers
C) Domain and range: all real numbers
D) Domain: all real numbers; range: [3.9, ∞)
11
1
25) f(x) = x-3 25)
6
A) Domain and range: all real numbers
B) Domain: (-∞, 3) ∪ (3, ∞); range: (-∞, 6) ∪ (6, ∞)
C) Domain: (-∞, 6) ∪ (6, ∞); range: all real numbers
D) Domain and range: (-∞, 6) ∪ (6, ∞)
26) f(x) = x3 - 4 26)

A) Domain: [0, ∞); range: [0, ∞) B) Domain: all real numbers; range: [-4, ∞)
C) Domain and range: all real numbers D) Domain: [-4, ∞); range: all real numbers
27) f(x) = x - 3 27)

A) Domain and range: all real numbers B) Domain: [0, ∞); range: [3, ∞)
C) Domain: [3, ∞); range: [3, ∞) D) Domain: [3, ∞); range: [0, ∞)
6
28) f(x) = - 28)
x
A) Domain and range: all real numbers B) Domain and range: (-∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞)
C) Domain: (0, ∞); range: (-∞, 0) D) Domain: (-∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞); range: (-∞, 0)
29) f(x) = (8x - 1)3 29)

A) Domain: [8, ∞); range: [0, ∞) B) Domain: [0, ∞); range: all real numbers
C) Domain: [1, ∞); range: [0, ∞) D) Domain and range: all real numbers
30) f(x) = x6 + 5, x ≥ 0 30)

A) Domain: [5, ∞); range: [0, ∞) B) Domain and range: all real numbers
C) Domain: [0, ∞); range: [5, ∞) D) Domain: (-∞, 0]; range: (-∞, 5]
8
31) f(x) = ,x≥0 31)
2
x +1
A) Domain and range: [0, ∞) B) Domain: (-∞, 0}; range: [-8, 0)
C) Domain: [0, ∞); range: (0, 8] D) Domain: (0, 8]; range: [0, ∞)
Find the value of df-1/dx at x = f(a).

32) f(x) = 2x + 7, a = -1 32)
1 1
A) B) 2 C) 7 D)
2 7
1
33) f(x) = x + 8, a = -1 33)
5
1 1
A) 8 B) 5 C) D)
8 5
34) f(x) = 5x2, x ≥ 0, a = 5 34)

1 1 3
A) 50 B) C) D)
50 10 625
12
35) f(x) = x3 - 12x2 - 4, x ≥ 8, a = 2 35)
1 1 1
A) - B) - C) - D) -36
36 4 44
36) f(x) = x2 - 3x + 3; a = 3 36)

1 1 1
A) B) 3 C) D)
6 3 9
Find the formula for df-1 /dx.

37) f(x) = 1024x5 37)
x1/5 1
A) 5120x4 B) C) D) 20x4
4 20x4/5
1 1
38) f(x) = x+ 38)
8 16
1 1 1
A) 8x - B) 8 C) D) x -
2 8 2
39) f(x) = (8 - x)3 39)

1
A) 8 - x1/3 B) - C) -3(8 - x)2 D) x2/3
3x2/3
40) f(x) = x11/7 40)

7 -4/11 11 4/7
A) x B) x4/11 C) x7/11 D) x
11 7
Provide an appropriate response.

41) Consider the graph of f(x) = 16 - x2, 0 ≤ x ≤ 1. What symmetry does the graph have? Is f its own 41)
inverse?
A) The graph of f has no symmetry. The function f is not its own inverse because there is no
symmetry.
B) The graph of f is symmetric with respect to the y-axis. The function f is not its own inverse
because (f ∘ f)(x) = x .
C) The graph of f is symmetric with respect to the line y = x. The function f is its own inverse
because (f ∘ f)(x) = x.
D) The graph of f is symmetric with respect to the y-axis. The function f is its own inverse
because (f ∘ f)(x) = x.
42) Find the derivative of the inverse of the function f(x) = mx, where m is a nonzero constant. 42)
1 mx2
A) B) C) 1 D) m
m 2
13
43) Consider a linear function that is perpendicular to the line y = x. Will this function be its own 43)
inverse? Explain.
A) Yes it will be its own inverse. If it is perpendicular to y = x it is symmetric with respect to y =
x. Therefore it is its own inverse.
B) No it won't be its own inverse. Its inverse will be some other line that is perpendicular to it.
C) No it won't be its own inverse. The slope will be the same but the y-intercept will be
different.
D) Yes it will be its own inverse. All perpendicular lines are their own inverses.
44) If f(x) is one-to-one, is g(x) = f(-x) also one-to-one? Explain. 44)

A) g(x) is a reflection of f(x) across the x-axis. It will be one-to-one.
B) g(x) is a reflection of f(x) across the line y = x. It will not be one-to-one.
C) There is not enough information to determine whether g(x) is one-to-one.
D) g(x) is a reflection of f(x) across the y-axis. It will be one-to-one.
45) Find the inverse of the function f(x) = x + 4. How is the graph of f-1 related to the graph of f? 45)
A) f(x) = x - 4. The graph of f-1 is a line parallel to the graph of f. The graphs of f and f-1 lie on
opposite sides of the line y = x and are equidistant from that line.
B) f(x) = -x - 4. The graph of f-1 is a line perpendicular to the graph of f at x = 4.
1
C) f(x) = + 4. The graph of f-1 is a curve intersecting the graph of f at two points equidistant
x
from the y-axis.
1
D) f(x) = x + . The graph of f-1 is a line parallel to the graph of f. The graphs of f and f-1 lie on
4
the same side of the line y = x.
46) If f(x) is one-to-one, can anything be said about h(x) = 2f(x) + 4? Is it also one-to-one? Give 46)
reasons for your answer.
A) No, h(x) will not be one-to-one. The function h(x) assumes the same value for at least two
different f(x)-values.
B) Yes, h(x) will be one-to-one. For every distinct value of f(x) there is one distinct value of h(x).
C) Yes, h(x) will be one-to-one. The inverse of f(x) is h(x) and is therefore one-to-one.
D) No, h(x) will not be one-to-one. The function h(x) does not pass the horizontal line test.
Express the following logarithm as specified.

47) ln 4.5 in terms of ln 2 and ln 3 47)
A) 2 ln 3 + ln 2 B) ln 3 + 2 ln 2 C) 2 ln 3 - ln 2 D) 2 ln 3 - 2 ln 2
48) ln 27 in terms of ln 3 48)

1 2 3
A) 6 ln 3 B) ln 27 C) ln 3 D) ln 3
2 3 2
49) ln 4.5 in terms of ln 3 and ln 2 49)

2 ln 3 + ln 2 2 ln 3 - ln 2 2 ln 3
A) B) 2 ln 3 C) D)
2 2 2
14
50) ln (1/9) in terms of ln 3 50)
1 1
A) - ln 3 B) -2 ln 3 C) 2 ln 9 D) ln 3
2 2
51) ln 7 7 in terms of ln 5 and ln 7 51)

ln 7 3 ln 7 ln 7
A) ln 7 + B) ln 7 C) D) ln 5 +
2 2 2 2
52) ln 36 in terms of ln 2 and ln 3 52)

A) 2 ln 2 - 2 ln 3 B) 2 ln 2 + 2 ln 3 C) -2 ln 2 - 2 ln 3 D) 4 ln 2
ln 6 + ln (1/3)
53) in terms of ln 2 and ln 3 53)
ln 16
1 ln 2 ln 3
A) B) C) D) 1
4 2 4
Express as a single logarithm and, if possible, simplify.

54) ln (x2 - 9) - ln (x + 3) 54)
A) ln (x - 3) B) ln (x2 - 3) C) ln (x - 9) D) ln (x + 3)
cos θ
55) ln cos θ - ln 55)
4
1 cos2 θ
A) ln B) ln cos θ C) ln 4 D) ln
4 4
1
56) ln 2x2 - 2x + ln 56)
2x
A) ln (x - 2) B) ln 4x2 (x - 1)
1
C) ln (x - 1) D) ln 2x2 - 2x +
2x
1
57) ln 49t18 - ln 7 57)
2
7 9
A) ln 7 t9 - 1 B) ln t9 C) ln t D) ln 7t9
2
58) ln (3 sec θ) + ln (4 cos θ) 58)

A) ln (3 sec θ + 4 cos θ) B) ln (12)
3
C) ln (12 cot θ) D) ln
4
59) ln (32x + 16) - 2 ln 4 59)

A) ln (4x + 2) B) ln (2x + 1) C) ln (32x) D) ln (256(2x + 1))
15
Find the derivative of y with respect to x, t, or θ, as appropriate.
60) y = ln 9x 60)
1 1 1 1
A) - B) - C) D)
x 9x x 9x
61) y = ln (x - 6) 61)
1 1 1 1
A) B) - C) D)
x+6 x+6 x-6 6-x
62) y = ln 4x2 62)

2x 8 1 2
A) B) C) D)
2
x +4 x 2x + 4 x
ln x
63) y = 63)
x7
1 + 7ln x 1 - 7ln x 7ln x - 1 1 - 7ln x
A) B) C) D)
x14 x8 x8 x14
1 3
64) y = x7 ln x - x 64)
3
A) 8x6 - x2 B) x6 - x2 + 7x6 ln x
C) x7ln x - x2 + 7x6 D) 7x6 - x2
65) y = ln ln 6x 65)
1 1 1 1
A) B) C) D)
6x x x ln 6x ln 6x
1-x
66) y = ln 66)
(x + 3)3
2x - 6 4x - 6 2x - 6 (x + 3)3
A) B) ln C) D)
(x + 3)4 (x + 3)4 (x + 3)(1 - x) 1-x
1+ x
67) y = ln 67)
x4
8-7 x -8 - 7 x -8 - 7 x -8 - 7 x
A) B) C) D)
2x(1 + x ) 2x 2(1 + x ) 2x(1 + x )
68) y = ln (cos (ln θ)) 68)

tan (ln θ) tan (ln θ)
A) B) - C) tan (ln θ) D) - tan (ln θ)
θ θ
16
5x
69) y = ∫ ln t2 dt 69)
5x ln 5x ln x
A) - B) -ln 5
2x 2 x
C) ln x D) ln 5x2
Evaluate the integral.

70) ∫ 5 dx
9 - 7x
70)
5
A) - ln -9 + 7x + C B) ln -9 + 7x + C
7
4
C) - ln 9 - 7x + C D) -5 ln -9 + 7x + C
7
3
71) ∫ x4 + 1
x5 + 5x
dx 71)
2
1 2 1 38 1 43 2 3
A) ln B) ln C) ln D) ln
5 3 5 249 5 7 3 2
72) ∫ cos x dx
1 + 3 sin x
72)
A) 3 ln 1 + 3 sin x + C B) ln 1 + 3 sin x + C
1
C) 3 sin x + C D) ln 1 + 3 sin x + C
3
π/16
73) ∫ sec 2 4x
3 + tan 4x
dx 73)
0
4 1 4 1 1
A) ln B) ln C) ln D) e4/3
3 4 3 4 3
74) ∫ dx
x 5 + 8 ln x
74)
1 1
A) ln 5 + 8 ln x + C B) ln 8 + 5 ln x + C
8 8
1 5
C) ln 5 + 8 ln x + C D) ln 5 + 8 ln x + C
5 8
17
5π/4
75) ∫ tan
x
5
dx 75)
0
-5 2 5 ln 2 -5 ln 2 5 2
A) B) C) D)
2 2 2 2
π/8
76) ∫ 4 cot (4θ) dθ 76)
π/16
ln 2 ln 2 ln 8
A) - B) C) ln 2 D)
2 2 2
5π/3
77) ∫ 6 cot
t
5
dt 77)
5π/6
A) 15 ln 3 B) -15 ln 3 C) -30 ln 3 D) 30 ln 3
π/12
78) ∫ 12 tan 3x dx 78)
0
A) -2 ln 2 B) 2 ln 2 C) 2 ln 3 D) 4 ln 2
79) ∫ sec x tan x

-4 + sec x
dx 79)
A) ln -4 + sec x + C B) -4 ln sec x + C
C) -ln -4 + sec x + C D) -4 ln -4 + sec x + C
Use logarithmic differentiation to find the derivative of y.

80) y = x(x + 7) 80)
ln x + ln(x + 7) x(x + 7) 1 1
A) B) +
2 2 x x+7
1 1 1
C) + D) x(x + 7)(2x + 7)
2 x x+7
x
81) y = 81)
x-7
7 x 1
A) - B) (lnx - ln(x - 7))
2 x-7 2
1 1 1 1 x 1 1
C) - D) -
2 x x-7 2 x-7 x x-7
82) y = sin x 5x + 8 82)

5 1
A) sin x 5x + 8 cot x + B) sin x 5x + 8 lnsin x + ln(5x + 8)
2(5x + 8) 2
10cot x + 21cot x 1 5
C) D) sin x 5x + 8 +
5x + 16 sinx ∙ cosx 5x + 8
18
83) y = x(x + 9)(x - 1) 83)
A) x(x + 9)(x - 1)(lnx + ln(x + 9) + ln(x - 1)) B) 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
C) + + D) x(x + 9)(x - 1) + +
x x+9 x-1 x x+9 x-1
84) y = (x4 + 1)3(x - 1)5 x2 84)

A) (x4 + 1)3 (x - 1)5 x2 (3ln(x4 + 1) + 5ln(x - 1) + 2ln x)
12x3 5 2
B) (x4 + 1)3 (x - 1)5 x2 + +
x4 + 1 x - 1 x
12x3 5 2
C) + +
4
x +1 x - 1 x
14 5
D) (x4 + 1)3 (x - 1)5 x2 +
x x-1
x sin x
85) y = 85)
x+1
1 1 x sin x 1
A) + cot x - B) lnx + lnsin x - ln(x + 1)
x 2x + 2 x+1 2
1 1 1 1 x sin x 1 1
C) + + D) + cot x -
2 x sin x x + 1 x+1 x 2x + 2
x x5 + 2
86) y = 86)
(x - 7)1/3
x x5 + 2 1 1 1 1
A) ln x + ln(x5 + 2) - ln(x - 7) B) ln x + ln(x5 + 2) - ln(x - 7)
(x - 7)1/3 2 3 2 3
x x5 + 2 1 5x4 1 1 5x4 1
C) + - D) + -
(x - 7)1/3 x 5
2x + 4 3x - 21 x 2x5 + 4 3x - 21
x(x + 1)
87) y = 4 87)
x3 + 7
1 1 3x2 1
A) + - B) (ln x + ln(x + 1) - ln(x3 + 7))
x x + 1 x3 + 7 4
x(x + 1) 1 1 3x2 1 4 x(x + 1) 1 1 3x2

C) 4 4 + - D) + -
x3 + 7 x x + 1 x3 + 7 4 x3 + 7 x x + 1 x 3 + 7
19
5 (5x + 1)(x + 3)2
88) y = 88)
(x4 + 5)(x + 7)
5 (5x + 1)(x + 3)2 5 2 4x3 1
A) 5 + - -
4
(x + 5)(x + 7) 5x + 1 x 4
+3 x +5 x +7
1
B) (ln(5x + 1) + 2ln(x + 3) - ln(x4 + 5) - ln(x + 7))
5
1 5 (5x + 1)(x + 3)2 5 2 4x3 1

C) + - -
5 4
(x + 5)(x + 7) 5x + 1 x + 3 4
x +5 x +7
5 2 4x3 1
D) + - -
5x + 1 x + 3 x4 + 5 x + 7
sin x cos3 x sec x

89) y = 89)
x1/3
sin x cos3 x sec x 1
A) 2cot x - 2tan x -
x1/3 3x
sin x cos3 x sec x 1 1

B) cotx - 3tan x + -
x 1/3 sin x cos x 3x

C) cot x - 2tan x -
x 1/3 3x

D) cot x + 4tan x -
x1/3 3x
Solve the problem.

1
90) Find the area bounded by the x-axis, the curve y = , x = 0, y = 0, and x = 4. 90)
x+2
1
A) ln 3 B) 2 ln 6 C) ln 3 D) ln 6
2
91) Find the area bounded by xy = 7, x = 3, x = 4, and y = 0. 91)

3 7 3 4 4
A) 7 ln B) ln C) ln D) 7 ln
4 2 4 3 3
92) Find the volume of the solid that is generated by revolving the area bounded by the x-axis, the 92)
9x
curve y = , x = 1, and x = 3 about the x-axis.
x2 + 1
9 1 9 1 9
A) ln 5 B) 9π ln C) π ln D) π ln 5
2 5 4 5 2
7
93) Find the volume of the solid that is generated by revolving the area bounded by y = , 93)
2x + 1
x = 0, x = 2, and y = 0 about the x-axis.
49 49 7 2 7
A) π ln (2) B) π ln (5) C) π ln (5) D) π ln (2)
2 2 2 2
20
94) Locate and identify the absolute extreme values of ln (sin x) on π/6, 3π/4 94)
ln 2
A) Absolute maximum at (π/2, 0); absolute minimum at 3π/4, -
2
ln 2
B) Absolute maximum at 3π/4, ; absolute minimum at (π/2, 0)
2
C) Absolute maximum at (π/6, ln 2); absolute minimum at (π/2, 0)
D) Absolute maximum at (π/2, 0); absolute minimum at (π/6, - ln 2)
95) Locate and identify the absolute extreme values of sin (ln x) on 4, 5 95)
A) Absolute maximum at(5, sin (ln 4)); absolute minimum at (eπ/2, -1)
B) Absolute maximum at (eπ/2, 1); absolute minimum at 5, sin ln 5
C) Absolute maximum at (5, sin (ln 4)); absolute minimum at (4, sin (ln 4))
D) Absolute maximum at (eπ/2, 1); absolute minimum at (4, sin (ln 4))
1 1
96) The region between the curve y = and the x-axis from x = to x = 5 is revolved about the 96)
x 2 5
y-axis to generate a solid. Find the volume of the solid.
A) π ln 5 - π B) 2π ln 5 C) 2π ln 5 - π D) 4π ln 5
x2 1
97) Find the length of the curve y = - ln x, 2 ≤ x ≤ 4. 97)
4 2
ln 2 ln 2
A) 3 + ln 2 B) C) 2 + ln 3 D) 3 +
2 2
y2 y
98) Find the length of the curve x = - 4 ln , 8 ≤ y ≤ 16. 98)
32 3
2 2
A) 6 + 4 ln B) 6 + 4 ln 2 C) 8 + 4 ln D) 8 + 4 ln 2
3 3
99) Find the equation that satisfies the following conditions: 99)
dy 1
= 5 + , y(1) = 10
dx x
A) y = 5x + ln x + 5 B) y = ln x + 10
C) y = x + ln x + 9 D) y = 5x + ln x + 4
Solve for t.
100) e2t = 100 100)
e100
A) ln 100 B) ln 10 C) D) ln 50
2
101) 100e9t = 600 101)

2 ln 500 e6 ln 6
A) ln B) C) D)
3 9 9 9
21
102) et/590 = k 102)
ln k
A) ln 590k B) 590ek C) 590 ln k D)
590
103) e(ln 0.2)t = 0.7 103)

e0.7 7.881299348e+15
A) B)
ln 0.2 2.251799814e+15
7.881299348e+15 ln 0.7
C) ln D)
2.251799814e+15 ln 0.2
104) e t = x7 104)
A) (ln x14) B) 49(ln x)2 C) 7 ln x D) x14
105) ex2 e5x+6 = et 105)

A) ln (x2 + 5x + 6) B) x2 - 5x - 6 C) 5x3 + 6x2 D) x2 + 5x + 6
Find the derivative of y with respect to x, t, or θ, as appropriate.

106) y = e2 - 5x 106)
A) 2e2 - 5x B) -5e2 - 5x C) e-5 D) -5 ln (2 - 5x)
107) y = e(2 x + x6 ) 107)

A) (2 x + 6x5 ) ln (2 x + x6) B) e(1 x + 6x5)
1
C) 2 x + 6x5 ) e(2 x + x6 ) D) + 6x5 e(2 x + x6 )
x
108) y = 9xex - 9ex 108)

A) 9ex B) 9xex C) 9xex + 18ex D) 9x
109) y = (x2 - 2x + 5) ex 109)

x3
A) + 3x + 5 ex B) (2x - 2) ex
3
C) (x2 + 3) ex D) (x2 + 4x + 3) ex
110) y = 7eθ(sin θ - cos θ) 110)

A) 0 B) 14eθ sin θ
C) 14eθ(sin θ - cos θ) D) 7eθ(sin θ - cos θ) + 7eθ
111) y = ln (5θe-θ) 111)

1 1 1
A) ln (5e-θ(1-θ)) B) C) -1 D) eθ + 1
5θeθ θ θ
22
112) y = sin e-θ7 112)
A) cos e-θ7 B) (-7θ6 e -θ7 ) cos e -θ7
C) cos (-7θ6 e-θ7 ) D) 7θ6 cos e -θ7
eθ
113) y = ln 113)
6 + eθ
6 6 + eθ 6 + 2eθ 6
A) ln B) C) D)
6 + eθ eθ 6 + eθ 6 + eθ
114) y = esin t (ln t3 + 2) 114)

3 3esin t
A) esin t (cos t)(ln t3 + 2) + B) ecos t (cos t)(ln t3 + 2) +
t t
3 3esin t cos t
C) esin t ln t3 + 2 + D)
t t
e7x
115) y = ∫ ln t dt 115)
e4 x
A) 49e7x - 4 xe4 x B) e7x ( 7x - 1) - e4 x (4 x - 1)
C) ln t D) 49xe7x - 8e4 x
dy
Find .
dx
116) ln y = ey cos 4x 116)
yey sin 4x
A) B) -4yey sin 4x
1 - ey cos 4x
-4yey sin 4x
C) D) ey cos 4x - 4ey sin 4x
1 - yey cos 4x
117) e2x = sin (x + 7y) 117)

e2x 2e2x - cos (x + 7y)
A) B)
7 cos (x + 7y) 7 cos (x + 7y)
2e2x
C) ln sin (x + 7y) D) -1
7 cos (x + 7y)
118) ln 4xy = ex+y 118)

y ex+y 2xyex+y xyex+y - y
A) B) C) D)
x e4x x+y x - xyex+y
119) tan y = ex + ln 3x 119)

xex + 1 xex + 3 ex + 3 3
A) B) C) D) ex + - sec 2 y
x sec2 y x sec2 y sin 2 y x
23
120) exy = sin x 120)
cos x sin x - yexy cos x - yexy cos x - yexy
A) B) C) D)
exy xexy xexy exy
121) sin y = 5x + 5y 121)

5 1 5+5
A) B) 5 + 5 - cos y C) D)
cos y - 5 sin y - 5 cos y
122) e6y = cos (8x +y) 122)

-8 sin (8x + y) sin (8x + y)
A) B)
6e6y + sin (8x + y) 6e6y
-8 sin (8x + y) + 8
C) ln cos (8x + y) D)
6e6y - 1
123) 6x + y = yln 6 123)

6x + y ln 6 ln y
A) B)
-6 + y + yln 6 - 1
x xy
6x + y 1
C) D)
6 x + y + ln 6 yln 6 - 1 yln 6 - 1
124) ∫ 2e7x dx 124)

1 7x2 2 7x 1 7x+1
A) e +C B) e +C C) 2e7x + C D) e +C
7 7 4
125) ∫ 6e(6 sin 6x)

sec 6x
dx 125)
1
A) e(6 sin 6x) + C B) ln sec 6x + C
6
1 (6 sin 6x)
C) 6 ln sec 6x + C D) e +C
6
126) ∫ 20e 5x
2 x
dx 126)
A) 10 e 5x + C B) 20 e 5x + C C) 5 e 5x + C D) 4 5 e 5x + C
127) ∫ x6e-x7 dx 127)

1 -x8 1 -x7
A) -7e-x8 + C B) - e +C C) e-x7 + C D) - e +C
7 7
24
128) ∫ e2x - e -2x dx 128)
e 1
A) 2x -2x + C B) 2x -2x + C
2 e +e 2 e -e
1 1
C) x -x + C D) 2x -2x + C
2 e -e 2 e +e
ln 2
129) ∫ ex dx 129)
ln 3
A) 4 B) -1 C) 1 D) 5
130) ∫ e1/x
2x2
dx 130)
e-1/x e1/x e1/x

A) +C B) -2 e 1/x + C C) - +C D) +C
2 2 2
π/20
131) ∫ (1 + etan 5x) sec 2 5x dx 131)
0
e e
A) 5e B) C) e D) -
5 5
ln π
132) ∫ 2x ex2 sin ex2 dx 132)
0
A) -1 B) 1 - cos 1 C) 1 + cos 1 D) 1
133) ∫ e4θ
1 + e4θ
dθ 133)
ln (1 + e4θ) ln (1 + 4eθ)
A) +C B) +C
4 4
C) 4 ln (1 + e4θ) + C D) ln (1 + e4θ) + C
Solve the initial value problem.

dy
134) = et sin (et - 7), y(ln 7) = 0 134)
dt
A) y = cos (et - 7) - 1 B) y = -cos (et - 7) + 1
C) y = et cos (et - 7) - 7 D) y = sin e t - sin 2
25
dy 4
135) = e-t sec2 (πe-t ), y(-ln 8) = 135)
dt π
-e-tcot (πe-t ) + 3 -tan (πe-t ) + 4
A) y = B) y =
π π
tan (πe-t ) + 12
C) y = D) y = cot (πe-t ) + 4
π
dy
136) = e4x cos e4x, y(0) = 0 136)
dx
1 1 1
A) y = sin x B) y = sin e4x -
4 4 4
1 1 1 1
C) y = - sin e4x + sin 1 D) y = sin e4x - sin 1
4 4 4 4
dy
137) = -8e-x sec e-x tan e-x, y(0) = 8 sec 1 + 8 137)
dx
A) y = 8 sec e-x + 8 B) y = 8 tan e-x + 8
C) y = -8 sec x + 1 D) y = -8 sec e-x + 1
d2 y
138) = 8e-x, y(0) = 1, y′ (0) = 0 138)
dx2
A) y = 8e-x + 1 B) y = 8e-x - 8x + 9
C) y = -8e-x + C D) y = 8e-x + 8x - 7
d2 y
139) = -3e-x, y(0) = -5, y′(0) = 0 139)
dx2
A) y = -3e-x + 3x - 8 B) y = 3e-x + C
C) y = -3e-x - 5 D) y = -3e-x - 3x - 2
d2 y
140) = e2t + 10 sin t, y(0) = 0, y′(0) = 1 140)
dt2
1 e2t 1
A) y = e2t - 10 sin t + 10t - B) y = - 10 sin t + 1t -
4 4 4
e2t 21 1 e2t
C) y = - 10 sin t + t- D) y = - 10 sin t
4 2 4 4
d2 y -1
141) = 2 - e-t, y(1) = , y′(0) = -4 141)
dt2 e
2
A) y = 2t2 + e -t - 5t + 3 - B) y = t2 - e -t - 4t
e
C) y = t2 - e -t D) y = t2 - e -t - 5t + 4
26
Find the derivative of y with respect to the independent variable.
142) y = 9 x 142)
A) 9 x B) 9 x ln x C) 9 x ln 9 D) x ln 9
143) y = (cos θ) 10 143)

A) 10(cos θ) 10-1 B) - 10(cos θ) 10-1 sin θ
C) - 10 cos θ sin θ D) -(cos θ) 10-1 sin θ
144) y = 4 cos πθ 144)

A) π4 cos πθ ln 4 B) 4 cos πθ
C) -π4 cos πθ ln 4 sin πθ D) -4 cos πθ ln 4 sin πθ
145) y = t2 - e 145)
t3 - e
A) B) (2 - e)t1 - e C) (1 - e)t2 - e D) t2 - e
3-e
146) y = (ln 6θ)π 146)

π π
A) π(ln 6θ)π-1 B) (6θ)π ln π C) (ln 6θ)π-1 D) (ln 6θ)π-1
6θ θ
x2
147) y =log7 147)
6 x+1
1 2 1 1 6 x+1
A) - B)
ln 7 x2 2 x+1 ln 7 x2
1 2 1 6 x+1
C) - D) e7
ln 7 x 2(x+1) x2
148) y = 6 ln 7t 148)
ln 6 ln 7t 7 ln 6 ln 7t 7 ln 6
A) 6 B) 6 ln 7t C) 6 D)
t t t
x + 8 ln 5
149) y =log5 149)
x-8
-2 1 x + 8 ln 5
A) B)
x+8 ln 5 x - 8
1 -16
C) D)
(x - 8)2 (x + 8)(x - 8)
27
sin θ cos θ
150) y =log9 150)
eθ10θ
1 eθ10θ 1
A) B) (cot θ - tan θ - ln 10 -1)
ln 9 sin θ cos θ ln 9
1
C) e9 (cos θ - sin θ - eθ10θ) D) (sec θ csc θ - ln 10 -1)
ln 9
151) y = 6 t 151)
1 ln 6 t ln 6
A) 6 t B) C) 6 t ln 6 D) 6 t
2 t 2 t 2 t
2
152) ∫ x8 x2 dx 152)
1
8 28 8 2-8
A) 28 B) C) D)
ln 8 ln 8 2 ln 8
2
153) ∫ 12x2 3 x3 dx 153)
1
26,232 96 4
A) 26,232 B) C) D) +C
ln 3 ln 3 ln x
π/2
154) ∫ 5 cos t sin t dt 154)
0
4 5 π/2-1 -4
A) B) 4 C) D)
ln 5 ln 5 ln 5
2
155) ∫ 5 ln x
x
dx 155)
1
20 5 ln 2 - 1 9 5 ln 2
A) B) C) D)
ln 5 ln 5 ln 5 ln 5
156) ∫ 2x 3+6 dx 156)
2x 3+6 2x 3+7 2 2x 3+5

A) +C B) +C C) +C D) +C
ln x 3+7 3+7 3+5
28
157) ∫t 7-1 dt 157)
t 7-1 t 7-2 t 7
A) +C B) +C C) 1 D) +C
ln t 7-2 7
7
158) ∫ ( 6 + 1)x 6 dx 158)
0
7 6
A) 7 6 + 1 B) C) 7 6 + 1 - 1 D) x 6 + 1 + C
ln 7
e5 5
159) ∫ t
dt 159)
1
2 1
A) 5 ln 5 B) 5 C) 25 D) -
2e10 2
e
160) ∫ 2xln 8 - 1 dx 160)
1
7-e 14 7
A) B) C) +C D) 14
ln 2 ln 8 2 ln x
∫
log9 x
161) dx 161)
x
ln 9 (ln x)2 ln x (ln x)2
A) +C B) +C C) 9 x ln 9 + C D) +C
2 ln 9 2 ln 9
Use logarithmic differentiation to find the derivative of y with respect to the independent variable.
162) y = (x + 10)x 162)
x
A) x ln(x + 10) B) (x + 10)x ln(x + 10) +
x + 10
x
C) x + (10)x-1 D) ln(x + 10) +
x + 10
163) y = 3t t 163)
1 3t t 1
A) 3t ln 3t + 1 B) ln 3t + 1
2 t 2
3t t + 1 (ln 3t) 1 1
C) D) ln 3t + 1
t+ 1 t 2
164) y = (cos x)x 164)

A) (cos x)x (ln cos x + x cot x) B) ln x(cos x)x - 1
C) ln cos x - x tan x D) (cos x)x (ln cos x - x tan x)
29
165) y = x3 sin x 165)
sin x sin x
A) x sin x cos x ln x + B) 3 x3 sin x cos x ln x +
x x
sin x
C) 3 sin x ln x D) 3 cos x ln x +
x
166) y = xln x 166)

2 ln x
A) 2xln x - 1ln x B) C) xln x - 1 ln x D) ln x 2
x
167) y = (x + 3) sin x 167)

-cos x sin x
A) (x + 3) sin x B) (x + 3) sin x cos x ln (x + 3) +
x+3 x+3
sin x
C) sin x ln (x + 3) D) cos x ln (x + 3) +
x+3
168) y = (ln x)ln x 168)

ln (ln x) + 1 ln x (ln x)ln x
A) (ln x) B)
x x
ln (ln x) + 1
C) ln x ln (ln x) D)
x
169) y = 7xx2 169)

A) x(2 ln 7x +1) B) xx2 + 1 ln 7x
C) 7xx2 + 1 (2 ln 7x ) D) 7xx2 + 1(2 ln 7x + 1)
170) y = (6x + 7)x 170)

6x 1
A) (6x + 7)x ln (6x + 7) + B) (6x + 7)x ln (6x + 7) +
6x + 7 7
6x
C) ln (6x + 7) + D) x ln (6x + 7)
6x + 7
171) y = (sin x) cos x 171)

A) (sin x) cos x(cos x cot x - sin x ln (sin x)) B) cos x cot x - ln (sin x)
C) cos x ln ( sin x) D) cos x cot x - sin x ln(sin x)
Find the length of the curve.

1
172) y = (ex + e-x) from x = 0 to x = 1 172)
4
e2 + e - 2 e e2 - 2e + 1 e2 - 1
A) B) C) D)
4 4 4e 4e
30
173) y = ln(ex - 1) - ln(ex + 1) from x = ln 6 to x = ln 7 173)
43 288 41 42
A) ln B) ln C) ln D) ln
42 245 35 43
174) y = ln(sin x) from x = π/6 to x = π/4 174)

2- 3 2-1
A) ln B) ln(2 - 3) C) ln D) ln( 2 - 1)
2-1 2- 3
175) y = ln(sec x) from x = 0 to x = π/4 175)

1 2+1
A) ln B) ln(1 - 2) C) ln( 2 + 1) D) ln
2+1 2
Answer the question appropriately.

176) Find the absolute minimum value of f(x) = ex - 6x on [0, 2]. 176)
A) 6 - ln 6 B) 1 C) 6 - 6 ln 6 D) e2 - 12
177) Find the absolute maximum value of f(x) = ex - 2.9x on [0, 2]. 177)
A) 2.9 - 2.9 ln 2.9 B) e2 - 5.8 C) 1 D) 2.9 - ln 2.9
178) Where does the periodic function f(x) = 4esin(x/2) take on its extreme values? 178)
A) x = ±kπ where k is an even integer B) x = ±kπ where k is an odd integer
C) x is an odd integer D) x = ±kπ/4 where k is an even integer
179) Find the area of the "triangular" region in the first quadrant that is bounded above by the curve 179)
y = e4x, below by the curve y = ex, and on the right by the line x = ln 5.
325 605
A) B) C) 152 D) 5 ln 5
2 4
180) Find a curve through the origin in the xy-plane whose length from x=0 to x=1 is 180)
1
L= ∫ 1+
1 x
36
e dx.
0
1 1 1
A) y = e x -1 B) y = ex/2 C) y = x2 D) y = ex/2 -
3 3 3
181) Find the area of the region between the curve y = 8 3-x and the interval 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 on the x-axis. 181)
512 504
A) B) 504 ln 8 C) 512 D)
ln 8 ln 8
182) Find the equation for the line through the origin and tangent to y = ln 4x. 182)
ex 4x
A) y = e B) y = - C) y = (ln 4) x D) y =
4 e
183) Find the linearization of f(x) = 2x at x = 1. Round the coefficients to 2 decimal places. 183)
A) f (x) = 1.39x + 1 B) f (x) = 1.39x + 0.61
C) f (x) = 0.69x + 1.31 D) f (x) = 2.89x - 0.89
31
184) Find the linearization of f(x) = sin x at x = 2. Round the coefficients to 2 decimal places. 184)
A) L(x) = cos x B) L(x) = 0.42x + 0.49
C) L(x) = -0.42x + 0.07 D) L(x) = -0.42x +1.74
185) Find the linearization of f(x) = log 3 x at x = 3. Round the coefficients to 2 decimal places. 185)
A) L(x) = 0.30x + 1 B) L(x) = 0.37x - 0.10
C) L(x) = 0.30x + 0.09 D) L(x) = x - 3
SHORT ANSWER. Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

186) Show that ∫ ln ax dx = x ln ax - x + C. 186)
187) Find the average value of f(x) = 1/x over [2, 4] 187)
ln 4 - ln 2 ln 4 + ln 2 ln 2 - ln 4 1
A) B) C) D)
2 2 2 4
Determine if the given function y = f(x) is a solution of the accompanying differential equation.
188) y′ = - y2 188)
1
y=
x+8
A) Yes B) No
189) y′ - y = 7ex 189)

y = ex + 7xex
A) Yes B) No
190) y′ - y = 4ex 190)

y = e4x + 4xex
A) Yes B) No
191) y′ + y = e2x 191)

1
y = 8e- x + e2x
3
A) Yes B) No
192) y′ + y = e2x 192)

y = 4e- x + e2x
A) Yes B) No
32
3x t
193) y =
1
3x ∫ e
t
dt 193)
1
1 3x
x2 y′ + xy = e
3
A) Yes B) No
194) Differential equation: y′ = e- 8x - 8y 194)

Initial condition: y(- 8) = 0
Solution candidate: y = (x + 8)e- 8x
A) No B) Yes
195) Differential equation: y′ = e- 9x - 9y 195)

Initial condition: y(0) = 0
Solution candidate: y = 9xe- 9x
A) No B) Yes
196) Differential equation: 3xy′ + 3y = cos x 196)

Initial condition: y(π) = 0
sin x
Solution candidate: y =
3x
A) No B) Yes
197) Differential equation: 9xy′ + 9y = cos x 197)

Initial condition: y(π) = 0
9sin x
Solution candidate: y =
x
A) No B) Yes
2x
198) Differential equation: xy′ + y = 198)
3
Initial condition: y(3) = 2
3 x
Solution candidate: y = +
x 3
A) No B) Yes
Solve the differential equation.

dy
199) = e2x - 2y 199)
dx
A) y = 2e2x + C B) y = 2ln (e2x + C)
1
C) y = ln (e2x + C) D) y = ln (e2x + C)
2
33
dy 9y2
200) = 200)
dx x
-1 1
A) y = 27ln x + C B) y = - 9ln x + C C) y = D) y =
9ln x + C 9ln x + C
dy
201) = 9 xy 201)
dx
A) y = 3x3/2 + C B) y = 3x3 + x3/2 + C
C) y = 9x3 + C D) y = (3x3/2 + C)2
dy
202) x2 = 7y 202)
dx
7
A) y = Ce7/x B) y = Ce- 7x C) y = Ce- 7/x D) y = - +C
x
dy
203) = 7x6 e-y 203)
dx
A) y = C ln (x7 ) B) y = x7 + C C) y = ln (x7 + C) D) y = ln (7x7 + C)
dy
204) = 3x2 cos2 y 204)
dx
A) y = tan -1 (x3 + C) B) y = tan (x3 + C)
C) y = tan -1 (x2 + C) D) y = x3 + C
dy
205) = 7x6 sec y 205)
dx
A) y = sin (x7 + C) B) y = cos-1 (x7 + C)
C) y = sin -1 (x7 + C) D) y = x7 + C
dy
206) = 8x7 y - 1 206)
dx
1 16
A) y = (x8 + C) 2 B) y = x +C
4
1 8 2
C) y = (2x8 + C) 2 + 1 D) y = x +C +1
2
dy
207) = 4x 4 - y2 207)
dx
A) y = 2 sin (2x2 + C) B) y = 2 sin -1 (2x2 + C)
C) y = sin -1 (2x2 + C) D) y = sin (2x2 + C)
dy
208) = 6 cos x sec y 208)
dx
A) y = sin (6 sin x + C) B) y = 6 sin x + C
C) y = sin -1 (6 sin x + C) D) y = sin -1 (6 cos x + C)
34
Solve the problem.
209) A certain radioactive isotope decays at a rate of 2% per 500 years. If t represents time in years and 209)
y represents the amount of the isotope left, use the condition that y = 0.98y0 to find the value of k
in the equation y = y0 ekt.
A) 0.00533 B) 0.00004 C) -0.02020 D) -0.00004
210) A certain radioactive isotope decays at a rate of 2% per 100 years. If t represents time in years and 210)
y represents the amount of the isotope left then the equation for the situation is y = y0 e-0.0002t. In
how many years will there be 89% of the isotope left?
A) 1100 years B) 244 years C) 583 years D) 550 years
211) A loaf of bread is removed from an oven at 350° F and cooled in a room whose temperature is 211)
70° F. If the bread cools to 210° F in 20 minutes, how much longer will it take the bread to cool to
185° F.
A) 18 min B) 6 min C) 7 min D) 26 min
212) In a chemical reaction, the rate at which the amount of a reactant changes with time is proportional 212)
dy
to the amount present, such that = -0.7y, when t is measured in hours. If there are 70 g of
dt
reactant present when t = 0, how many grams will be left after 3 hours? Give your answer to the
nearest tenth of a gram.
A) 12.9 g B) 4.3 g C) 0.1 g D) 8.6 g
213) Find the half-life of the radioactive element radium, assuming that its decay constant is 213)
k = 4.332 x 10-4 , with time measured in years.
214) The charcoal from a tree killed in a volcanic eruption contained 65.2% of the carbon-14 found in 214)
living matter. How old is the tree, to the nearest year? Use 5700 years for the half-life of
carbon-14.
215) The intensity L(x) of light x ft beneath the surface of a lake satisfies the differential equation 215)
dL
= - 0.04L. At what depth, to the nearest foot, is the intensity one tenth the intensity at the
dx
surface?
A) 29 ft B) 58 ft C) 38 ft D) 86 ft
216) The barometric pressure p at an altitude of h miles above sea level satisfies the differential 216)
dp
equation = -0.2 p. If the pressure at sea level is 29.92 inches of mercury, find the barometric
dh
pressure at 11,000 ft.
A) 19.72 in. B) 45.39 in. C) 3.32 in. D) 9.86 in.
217) Suppose that the amount of oil pumped from a well decreases at the continuous rate of 13% per 217)
year. When, to the nearest year, will the well's output fall to one-eighth of its present value?
35
218) The amount of alcohol in the bloodstream, A, declines at a rate proportional to the amount, that is, 218)
dA
= - kA. If k = 0.3 for a particular person, how long will it take for his alcohol concentration to
dt
decrease from 0.10% to 0.05%? Give your answer to the nearest tenth of an hour.
A) 0.2 hr B) 2.3 hr C) 3.5 hr D) 4.6 hr
Use l'Hopital's Rule to evaluate the limit.

x2 - 81
219) lim 219)
x→-9 x + 9
A) -9 B) 9 C) -18 D) 18
x2 - 7x + 12
220) lim 220)
x→4 x-4
A) 15 B) -3 C) 8 D) 1
x3 - 7x2 + 6
221) lim 221)
x→1 x-1
A) 14 B) -11 C) 10 D) 17
cos 5x - 1
222) lim 222)
x→0 x2
25 5 25
A) - B) 0 C) D)
2 2 2
1
cos x -
2
223) lim 223)
x→π/3 π
x-
3
3 2 3
A) B) C) - D) - 3
2 2 2
x
224) lim 224)
x→0 sin x
1
A) -1 B) 1 C) 0 D)
2
sin 5x
225) lim 225)
x→0 sin x
A) 0 B) 5 C) -5 D) 1
x2 + 9x + 17
226) lim 226)
x→∞ x3 - 8x2 + 15
A) 0 B) -1 C) 1 D) ∞
36
5x2 + 6x + 3
227) lim 227)
x→∞ 8x2 + 3x + 17
5 8 5
A) - B) 1 C) D)
8 5 8
6 + 9x - 9x2
228) lim 228)
x→-∞ 10 - 4x - 4x2
3 9
A) 1 B) C) D) ∞
5 4
^
Use l'Hopital's rule to find the limit.
8 - 8cos θ
229) lim 229)
θ→0 sin 2θ
A) ∞ B) 4 C) 1 D) 0
sin 5x
230) lim 230)
x→0 tan 3x
5 3 5
A) B) 0 C) D) -
3 5 3
5x + 6
231) lim 231)
x→∞ 8x2 + 4x - 7
5 5
A) B) C) 1 D) 0
16 8
sin θ8
232) lim 232)
θ→0 θ
A) ∞ B) -∞ C) 1 D) 0
20
233) lim x sin 233)
x→∞ x
1
A) 1 B) 20 C) 0 D)
20
234) lim x2 + 3x - x 234)

x→∞
3 3
A) B) - C) 3 D) 0
2 2
sin 2x
235) lim 235)
x→0 3x
2 1
A) 0 B) 1 C) D)
3 3
37
6x2 - 5x + 1
236) lim 236)
x→∞ 4x2 + 3x - 8
3
A) B) ∞ C) 6 D) 1
2
Find the limit.

237) lim (e8/x - 2x)x/2 237)
x→0
A) ∞ B) 4 C) 0 D) e4 E) 1
4 x
238) lim 1 + 238)
x→∞ x2
A) 0 B) 1 C) 4 D) ∞
239) lim x-5/ln x 239)

x→0+
1 1
A) e5 B) C) D) -5
e5 e
240) lim (ln x)4/x 240)

x→∞
A) e4 B) 1 C) 4 D) 0
L'Hopital's rule does not help with the given limit. Find the limit some other way.
36x + 1
241) lim 241)
x →∞ x+3
A) 6 B) ∞ C) 36 D) 0
1
242) lim 242)
cot x sinx
x→0+
A) 0 B) ∞ C) -1 D) 1
x cot x
243) lim 243)
x→0 cos x
A) -1 B) 0 C) ∞ D) 1
csc θ
244) lim 244)
cot θ
θ→π/2-
A) 0 B) -1 C) ∞ D) 1
sec x
245) lim 245)
tan x
x→0+
A) -1 B) ∞ C) 0 D) 1
38
tan x
246) lim 246)
sec x
x→0+
A) 0 B) -1 C) 1 D) ∞
sec x
247) lim 247)
x→0 csc x
A) 0 B) 1 C) -1 D) ∞
Find a value of a so that f is continuous at c, or indicate this is impossible.

x+1
, x ≠ -1
248) f(x) = -2 ∣x + 1∣ 248)
a, x = -1; c = -1
A) 1 B) Impossible C) -2 D) -1
-4x + 1, x < 0
249) f(x) = a, x = 0; c = 0 249)
5x - 4, x > 0
A) 1 B) 4 C) -4 D) Impossible
3x - 12
, x≠4
250) f(x) = x-4 250)
a, x = 4; c = 4
A) -12 B) -3 C) 3 D) Impossible
x2 + 4, x<0
251) f(x) = a, x = 0; c = 0 251)
2(x - 3) + 10, x > 0
A) 4 B) -4 C) Impossible D) 2
3
, x<0
x2
252) f(x) = 252)
a, x = 0; c = 0
5x, x > 0
A) 9 B) -3 C) Impossible D) 3
25x - 5 sin 5x
, x≠0
253) f(x) = 3x3 253)
c, x=0
125 625
A) B) C) 0 D) 25
18 18
39
254) Let f(x) = (sin x) x, x ≠0. Extend the definition of f to x = 0 so that the extended function is 254)
continuous there.
(sin x) x, x≠0 (sin x) x, x≠0
A) f(x) = B) f(x) =
-1, x=0 0, x=0
(sin x) x, x≠0 (sin x) x, x≠0
C) f(x) = D) f(x) =
1, x=0 e, x=0
Estimate the limit by graphing the function for an appropriate domain. Confirm your estimate by using l'Hopital's
rule. Show each step of your calculation.
x x - 2 x + 3x - 6
255) lim 255)
x →2 x-2
1 - cos x
256) lim 256)
x →0 x
cos x - 1
257) lim 257)
x →0 ex - x - 1
258) lim x x 258)

x →0 +
x
259) lim 259)
x →∞ 2 x
260) lim x1/x 260)

x →∞
1 1
261) lim - 261)
x →0 sin x x

262) A student attempted to use l'Hôpital's Rule as follows. Identify the student's error. 262)
sin (1/x) -x-2 cos (1/x)
lim = lim
x→∞ e1/x x→∞ -x-2 e1/x
cos (1/x) 1
= lim = =1
x→∞ e1/x 1
263) Which one is correct, and which one is wrong? Give reasons for your answers. 263)
x-4 1 1
(a) lim = lim =
x→4 x 2 - 4 x→4 2x 8
x-4 0
(b) lim = =0
x→4 x 2 - 4 12
40
264) Which one is correct, and which one is wrong? Give reasons for your answers. 264)
x+2 1 1
(a) lim = lim =-
2
x→- 2 x - 4 x→-2 2x 4
x+2 0
(b) lim = =0
2
x→- 2 x - 4 - 8
265) Give an example of two differentiable functions f and g with lim f(x) = lim g(x) = ∞ 265)
x→∞ x→∞
f(x)
that satisfy lim = 4.
x→∞ g(x)
266) Give an example of two differentiable functions f and g with lim f(x) = lim g(x) = 0 266)
x→∞ x→∞
f(x)
that satisfy lim = ∞.
x→∞ g(x)
1
267) If f(x) = (x - 3)2 and g(x) = , show that lim f(x)g(x) = 0 267)
(x - 3)2 x→3
268) Find the error in the following incorrect application of L'Hôpital's Rule. 268)
sinx cosx - sinx
lim = lim = lim = 0.
x→0 x + x 2 x→0 1 + 2x x→0 2
269) Find the error in the following incorrect application of L'Hôpital's Rule. 269)
x3 - 2x2 + 1 3x2 - 4x 6x - 4 -16
lim = lim = lim = .
x→-2 3x2 - 6x x→-2 6x - 6 x→-2 6 6
270) Given that x > 0, find the maximum value, if any, of x1/x3 . 270)
A) e1/(3e) B) ∞ C) e3e D) 1
Find the angle.

1
271) sin -1 - 271)
2
π 6 π π
A) B) - C) - D)
6 π 6 3
3
272) sin -1 272)
2
π 2π 3π π
A) B) C) D)
3 3 4 4
41
3
273) cos-1 273)
2
π π 11π 7π
A) B) C) D)
4 6 6 4
274) tan -1 1 274)

3π π
A) 0 B) C) D) 1
4 4
275) sec-1 - 2 275)

3π 5π 5π
A) ± 2πn, ± 2πn B)
4 4 4
π 3π
C) D)
4 4
276) cot-1 (-1) 276)

3π 3π π π
A) - B) C) - D)
4 4 4 4
277) sin -1 0 277)

π π
A) - B) 0 C) π D)
2 2
Evaluate exactly.
-12
278) cos sin -1 278)
13
-5 5 12 -12
A) B) C) D)
13 13 13 5
-4
279) sec tan -1 279)
3
1 5 5 5
A) B) - C) D) -
3 3 3 4
1
280) sin cos-1 280)
2
- 3 -1 3
A) 1 B) C) D)
2 2 2
3
281) sec cos-1 281)
2
2 3 - 3 2 3
A) B) -1 C) D) -
3 2 3
42
282) tan(sec -1 1) + cos(tan -1 (- 3)) 282)
- 3 1 -1
A) B) C) D) Undefined
2 2 2
283) csc(tan -1 1 + csc-1 1) 283)

2
A) 0 B) 2 C) D) - 2
2
π
284) cos-1 cos - 284)
3
4π π 3 π
A) B) C) - D) -
3 3 π 3
Find the limit.

285) lim sin -1 x 285)
x→1-
π π
A) 1 B) -1 C) - D)
2 2
286) lim cos-1 x 286)

x→-1+
A) 0 B) π C) 1 D) -1
287) lim tan -1 x 287)

x→-∞
π π
A) -∞ B) C) 0 D) -
2 2
288) lim sec-1 x 288)

x→∞
π π
A) - B) 0 C) D) ∞
2 2
289) lim csc-1 x 289)

x→-∞
π π
A) -∞ B) C) 0 D) -
2 2
290) lim cot-1 x 290)

x→∞
π
A) ∞ B) π C) D) 0
2
43
Find the derivative of y with respect to x.
8x
291) y = tan-1 291)
7
49 -56 56 8
A) B) C) D)
64x2 + 49 64x2 + 49 64x2 + 49 49 - 64x2
292) y = -sin -1 (7x2 + 2) 292)

7 -14x
A) B)
1 + (7x2 + 2)2 1 - (7x2 + 2)2
14x 14x
C) D)
1 + (7x2 + 2)2 1 - (7x2 + 2)2
4x + 3
293) y = -cos -1 293)
9
4 36
A) - B)
81 - (4x + 3)2 1 + (4x + 3)2
4 4
C) D)
1 + (4x + 3)2 81 - (4x + 3)2
2x + 11
294) y = sec-1 294)
5
10 -10
A) B)
(2x + 11)2 - 11 1 + (2x + 11)2
-10 10
C) D)
(2x + 11) (2x + 11)2 - 1 (2x + 11) (2x + 11)2 - 25
1
295) y = sin-1 295)
x5
-5 -5 -5x5 -5
A) B) C) D)
x 1 - x10 1 + x10 1 - x10 x x10 - 1
296) y = 2 sin -1 (5x3 ) 296)

2 30x2 30x2 30x2
A) B) C) D)
1 - 25x6 1 - 25x6 1 - 25x6 1 - 25x3
297) y = tan -1 7x 297)

1 1 1 7
A) B) C) D)
1 - 7x 1 + 7x 14 7x(1 + 7x) 2(1 + 7x) 7x
44
298) y = 5x3 sin -1 x 298)
5x3 1
A) B) + 15x2
1 - x2 1 - x2
5x3 5x3
C) + 15x2 sin -1 x D) + 15x2 sin -1 x
1 + x2 1 - x2
299) y = tan -1 (ln 4x) 299)

4 1 1 1
A) B) C) D)
x(1 + (ln 4x)2 ) x(1 + (ln 4x)2 ) 1 + (ln 4x)2 x 1 + (ln 4x)2
300) y = sin -1 (e4t) 300)

-4 e4t 4 e4t 4 e4t e4t
A) B) C) D)
1 - e8t 1 - e16t 1 - e8t 1 - e8t

301) ∫ 4 dx
4 - 16x2
301)
A) tan -1 2x + C B) sin -1 2x + C
1 1 -1
C) tan -1 2x + C D) sin 2x + C
2 2
302) ∫ dx
2 x 1+x
302)
1
A) ln x + C B) tan -1 x+C
2
1 1
C) sin -1 x+C D) tan -1 x+C
2 2
303) ∫ 8 - 4x
49 - 64x2
dx 303)
1 8 1
A) 49 - 64x2 + C B) sin -1 x + 49 - 64x2 + C
16 7 16
1 8 1 8 1
C) tan -1 x + 49 - 64x2 + C D) sin -1 x + ln ( 49 - 64x2 ) + C
7 7 16 7 16
304) ∫ 9 + 6x
25 + 81x2
dx 304)
1 9 1
A) 162x + ln 25 + 81x2 + C B) sin -1 x + ln 25 + 81x2 + C
27 5 27
1 9 1 9 1 9 1
C) tan -1 x + sin -1 x + C D) tan -1 x + ln 25 + 81x2 + C
5 5 5 5 5 5 27
45
305) ∫ dx
64 - x2
305)
1 1 1 1 1
A) sin -1 x + C B) 2 cos-1 x+C C) sin -1 x+C D) cos-1 x + C
2 8 8 8 8
π/2
306) ∫ 2 sin 2θ dθ
1 + cos2 2θ
306)
π/4
π π π
A) π B) C) D)
2 8 4
1/2
307) ∫ 4x dx
9 - x4
307)
0
1 π π
A) π B) 2 sin -1 C) D)
12 2 8
- 2/7
308) ∫ dt
t 49t2 - 1
308)
-2/7
π π π π
A) - B) C) D) -
6 12 6 12
(ln 3)/5 5 e5x dx

309) ∫ 1 + e10x
309)
0
π π π π
A) - B) C) - D)
6 6 12 12
310) ∫ 2
dx
-x - 10x - 24
310)
A) sin -1 (x + 5) + C B) -sin -1 (x + 5) + C
1
C) -x2 - 10x - 24+ C D) cos-1 (x + 5) + C
2
311) ∫ dx
(x + 7) x2 + 14x + 48
311)
sec-1 (x + 7)
A) csc-1 (x + 7) + C B) +C
7
sin -1 (x + 7)
C) sec-1 (x + 7) + C D) +C
7
46
312) ∫ 2
dx
-x - 8x - 7
312)
x+4 1
A) cos-1 +C B) -x2 - 8x - 7+ C
3 2
x+4 x+4
C) sin -1 +C D) -sin -1 +C
3 3
313) ∫ 2
dt
t + 10t + 29
313)
t+5
A) 2 tan -1 +C B) tan -1 (t - 5) + C
2
1 t+5
C) -5t+ C D) tan -1 +C
2 2
1/2
314) ∫ 2 dt
8 - 2t - t2
314)
-1
2 π 1 2
A) -π B) C) π D) π
2 6 3 3
12
315) ∫6 2
dt
t - 12t + 32
315)
π π π 3
A) Undefined B) C) D) +
12 6 10 2
-13/2
316) ∫ 2
- dx
- x - 14x - 48
316)
-7
π π π - 3+π
A) B) C) - D)
6 3 6 6
3 2
-7
317) ∫ 2
2
-dx
-x - 14x - 40
317)
-7
5π 2 π π π
A) - B) - C) D) -
6 2 5 4 4
318) ∫ -ecos-1 x dx
1 - x2
318)
esin -1 x
A) -ecos-1 x + C B) -esin -1 x + C C) ecos-1 x + C D) +C
sin -1 x
47
(sin -1 x)5
319) ∫ 1 - x2
dx 319)
ln (sin x) (sin -1 x)6

A) 5(sin -1 x)4 + C B) +C C) (cos-1 x)6 + C D) +C
1 - x2 6
320) ∫ dt
5(tan -1 t)(1 + t2 )
320)
1
A) ln tan -1t + C B) 5 cot-1 t + C
5
1
C) ln 5 tan -1 t + C D) +C
5(tan -1 t)2
-(cot-1 t) 4
321) ∫ 1 + t2
dt 321)
(cot-1 t)5
A) 4(cot-1 t)3 + C B) cot-1 t+ C C) -4(cot-1 t)5 + C D) +C
5
2/2
322) ∫ -ecos-1 x
dx
1 - x2
322)
0
π
A) 1 B) eπ/4 C) D) eπ/4 - eπ/2
2
2
323) ∫ 5 dx
x(sec-1 x) 1 - x2
323)
1
4 π 4
A) 5 ln B) 0 C) 5 1 - D) ln
π 4 π
1/2
324) ∫ esin -1 x
2 dx
1 - x2
324)
0
1
A) 2eπ/6 B) π C) e1/2 - 1 D) 2eπ/6 - 2
3
48
3/2 (sin -1 x)2
325) ∫ 1 - x2
dx 325)
0
π3 π3 π3 π3
A) B) C) ln D)
81 27 6 648
Find the limit.

sin -1 8x
326) lim 326)
x→0 x
1
A) B) 8 C) 1 D) ∞
8
2
327) lim x tan -1 327)
x→∞ x
1
A) -2 B) 2 C) D) ∞
2
4 x2 - 1
328) lim 328)
-1
x→1+ sec x
1
A) 1 B) C) -4 D) 4
4
tan -1 6x2
329) lim 329)
x→0 5x2
6 1
A) -6 B) C) 1 D)
5 5
Determine whether the integration formula is correct.

5tan -1 x 5tan -1 x
330) ∫ x2
5
dx = 5 ln x - ln (1 + x2 ) -
2 x
+C 330)
A) Yes B) No
∫ x2 cos-1 3x dx = x3 cos-1 3x + 33 ∫
3 x3 dx
331) +C 331)
1 - 9x2
A) Yes B) No
∫ x4 sin-1 8x dx = x3 sin-1 8x + 85 ∫
3 x5 dx
332) +C 332)
1 - 64x2
A) No B) Yes
49
333) ∫ 1 3
x 2
3
4
3
2
3
+ cot-1 x dx = ln x + ln (16 + 9x2) + x cot-1 x + C
4
333)
A) Yes B) No
334) ∫ (sin-1 x)2 - 7 dx = x(sin-1 x)2 - 9x + 2 1 - x2 sin-1 x + C 334)

A) No B) Yes
335) ∫ 25x cos-1 5x dx = 50x2 -1

4
cos-1 5x -
5x 1 - 25x2
4
+C 335)
A) Yes B) No
336) ∫ 9x sin-1 3x dx = 18x2 -1

4
sin -1 3x -
3x 1 - 9x2
4
+C 336)
A) No B) Yes
337) ∫ 2x ln(1 + x2) dx = (1 + x2) ln (1 + x2) - (1 + x2) + C 337)

A) Yes B) No
338) ∫ x8tan-1 x dx = 19 x9 tan -1 x - ∫ x9 dx

1 + x2
+C 338)
A) No B) Yes
339) ∫ x4cos-1 x dx = 15 x5 cos-1 x - ∫ x5 dx

1 - x2
+C 339)
A) No B) Yes
Solve the initial value problem.

dy 7
340) = , y(0) = 3 340)
dx 1 - x2
6 - 7π
A) y = 7 sin -1 x B) y = 7 cos-1 x +
2
C) y = 7 cos-1 x - 4 D) y = 7 sin -1 x + 3
dy -8
341) = , y(1) = -5 341)
dx 1 - x2
A) y = 8 sin -1 x - 13 B) y = 8 cos-1 x
-10 - 8π
C) y = -8 cos-1 x - 5 D) y = 8 sin -1 x +
2
50
dy 4
342) = , y(0) = 2 342)
dx 1 + x2
A) y = 4 tan -1 x B) y = 4 sin -1 x + 2
C) y = 4 cot-1 x - 2 D) y = 4 tan -1 x + 2
dy 9
343) = , x > 1, y(2) = -4π 343)
dx x x2 - 1
A) y = 9 sin -1 x - 4π B) y = 9 sec-1 x - 7π
2
C) y = 9 sec-1 x D) y = 9 csc-1 x + π
3
dy 4
344) = , x > 3, y(6) = 5 344)
dx x x2 - 9
x 4 x
A) y = sec-1 +5 B) y = sin -1 + 5
3 3 3
4 x 4 x 4
C) y = sec-1 + 5 D) y = sec -1 + 5 - π
3 3 3 3 9
dy 2
345) = , y(0) = -2 345)
dx 16 + x2
1 x x
A) y = tan -1 - 2 B) y= tan -1 -2
2 4 4
1 x x
C) y = cot-1 - 2 D) y = tan -1
2 4 4
dy 8 3
346) = - , y(0) = -5 346)
dx 1 + x2 1 - x2
A) y = 8 tan -1 x - 3 sin-1 x - 3 B) y = 8 tan -1 x - 5
C) y = 8 tan -1 x - 3 sin-1 x - 5 D) y = 8 cot-1 x - 3 sin -1 x
dy 8 7
347) = + , y(0) = 2 347)
dx 25 + x2 1 - x2
8 x
A) y = 8 tan -1 x - 7 sin-1 x + 2 B) y = tan -1 + 7 sin-1 x
5 5
8 x
C) y = 8 cot-1 x - 7 sin -1 x D) y = tan -1 + 7 sin-1 x + 2
5 5
51
dy 6 5
348) = + , y(2) = -2 348)
dx 8 - x2 x x2 - 1
2x
A) y = sin -1 + sec -1 x + -4
4
2x 5 3
B) y = sin -1 + 5 sec-1 x + -2 - π - π
4 3 2
x
C) y = sin -1 + 5 sin -1 x
8
2x
D) y = sin -1 + 5 sec-1 x + -2
4
dy 2
349) = + πx2 , x >1, y(2) = -4π 349)
dx x x2 - 1
26 x3 11
A) y = 2 sec-1 x + 2x - π B) y = 2 csc-1 x + - π
3 3 3
x3 x3 22
C) y = 2 sin -1 x + D) y = 2 sec-1 x + - π
3 3 3
Solve the problem.

350) You are sitting in a classroom next to the wall looking at the blackboard at the front of the 350)
room. The blackboard is 13 ft long and starts 4 ft from the wall you are sitting next to.
x x
Show that your viewing angle is α = cot-1 - cot-1 .
13 4
351) Find the angle α given x = 54, y = 18, θ = 67°. 351)
A) 48.57° B) 18.43° C) 113° D) 4.57°
52
352) The solid lies between planes perpendicular to the x-axis at x = -2 and x = 2. The cross sections 352)
perpendicular to the x-axis are circles whose diameters stretch from the curve y = - 3/ 4 + x2 to
the curve y = 3/ 4 + x2. Find the volume of the solid.
9 3
A) π2 B) 9π C) π2 D) 9π2
4 4
353) The solid lies between planes perpendicular to the x-axis at x = - 3 and x = 3. The cross 353)
4
sections are squares whose diagonals stretch from the x-axis to the curve y = 3/ 4 - x2. Find the
volume of the solid.
3 27
A) π B) π C) 6π D) 3π
2 2
4
354) Find the area bounded by y = , x = 0, y = 0, and x = 3. 354)
49 - 16x2
4 3 12 1 12 1 12
A) tan -1 B) sin -1 C) sin -1 D) tan -1
7 7 7 7 7 7 7
16 3
355) Find the average value of the function y = over the interval from x = 0 to x = . 355)
9 - 16x2 8
4 16 1 2
A) π B) π C) π D) π
9 9 3 3
356) An oil storage tank can be described as the volume generated by revolving the area bounded by 356)
36
y= , x = 0, y = 0, x = 3 about the x-axis. Find the volume (in m 3) of the tank.
36 + x2
A) 315 m3 B) 52.4 m 3 C) 1.46 m3 D) 2130 m3
357) Find the length of the curve y = 36 - x2 between x = 0 and x = 3. 357)

1 3
A) π B) π C) π D) 2π
6 2

358) Which of the following items is undefined and why? 358)
tan -1 4 or cos-1 4
359) Which of the following items is undefined and why? 359)

1 1
csc-1 or cos-1
6 6
360) Derive the identity sec-1 (-x) = π - sec-1 x by combining the following two equations: 360)
cos-1 (-x) = π - cos-1 x
sec-1 x = cos-1 (1/x)
53
361) Consider the graphs of y = cos-1 x and y = sin -1 x. Does it make sense that the 361)
derivatives of these functions are opposites? Explain.
362) Graph y = sin -1 (sin x). Explain why the graph looks like it does. 362)
x 1
363) Graph f(x) = cos-1 and g(x) = tan -1 . Explain why the graph looks like it does. 363)
2
x +1 x
364) Graph f(x) = cos-1 x together with its first derivative. Comment on the behavior of f and 364)
the shape of its graph in relation to the signs and values of f′ .
y
A value of sinh x or cosh x is given. Use the definitions and the identity cosh 2 x - sinh2 x = 1 to find the value of the
other indicated hyperbolic function.
5
365) sinh x = - , cosh x = 365)
12
169 13 13 12
A) B) C) - D)
144 12 12 13
4
366) sinh x = , tanh x = 366)
3
5 4 5 4
A) B) - C) D)
4 5 3 5
3
367) sinh x = - , coth x = 367)
4
3 5 5 5
A) - B) C) - D)
5 16 3 4
8
368) sinh x = - , sech x = 368)
15
17 64 15 15
A) B) C) - D)
15 289 8 17
54
12
369) sinh x = , csch x = 369)
5
169 13 5 5
A) B) C) D) -
25 5 12 12
5
370) cosh x = , x > 0, sinh x = 370)
3
4 4 3 16
A) - B) C) D)
3 3 5 9
13
371) cosh x = , x > 0, tanh x = 371)
12
5 13 25 5
A) B) C) - D)
12 5 144 13
13
372) cosh x = , x < 0, coth x = 372)
5
5 12 13 12
A) - B) C) - D) -
13 13 12 5
17
373) cosh x = , x < 0, sech x = 373)
8
15 289 8 8
A) B) - C) - D)
17 64 15 17
17
374) cosh x = , x < 0, csch x = 374)
15
15 15 8 15
A) B) - C) - D) -
8 8 15 17
Rewrite the expression in terms of exponentials and simplify the results.

375) 12 cosh (ln x) 375)
1
A) 6x B) 6 x + C) 0 D) 6(ex+ e-x)
x
376) sinh (3 ln x) 376)

1 1 3 1 1 1
A) 2x B) x3 - C) x- D) x3 +
2 x3 2 x 2 x3
377) cosh 10x + sinh 10x 377)

A) 10x B) 2e10x C) e10x - e-10x D) e10x
378) cosh 6x - sinh 6x 378)

A) 2e-6x B) e-6x C) -6x D) e6x - e-6x
55
379) (sinh x + cosh x) 10 379)
e10x
A) ex10 B) e10x - e-10x C) e10x D)
4
380) ln (cosh 8x - sinh 8x) 380)

A) ln (e8x - e-8x) B) -8 C) -8x D) -16x
381) sinh (2 ln 3x) 381)

3 1 1 1 1 1
A) 6x B) x - C) 9x2 - D) 9x2 +
2 x 2 9x2 2 9x2
382) 14 cosh (ln x) + 8 sinh (ln x) 382)

3 1
A) 11x + B) 0 C) 11x D) 11 x +
x x
383) ln cosh 4x - sinh 4x + ln (cosh 9x + sinh 9x) 383)

A) 5 B) 5x C) ln (e9x - e-4x) D) 13x
384) sinh 9x - cosh 9x 4 384)

A) e-9x4 B) e-36x C) e36x - e-36x D) -e-36x
Find the derivative of y.

385) y = cosh x6 385)
A) sinh x6 B) -6x5 sinh x6 C) -sinh x6 D) 6x5 sinh x6
386) y = ln(sech (5x + 4)) 386)

5
A) -5 tanh (5x + 4) B) -tanh (5x + 4) C) D) tanh (5x + 4)
sech (5x + 4)
387) y = sinh2 6x 387)

A) 12 cosh 6x B) 2 cosh 6x
C) 12 sinh 6x cosh 6x D) 2 sinh 6x cosh 6x
14x
388) y = csch 388)
13
14 14x 14x 14x 14x
A) - csch coth B) csch coth
13 13 13 13 13
14x 14x 14 14x 14x
C) -csch coth D) csch coth
13 13 13 13 13
389) y = ln (sinh 4x) 389)

1
A) 4 csch 4x B) C) coth 4x D) 4 coth 4x
sinh 4x
56
1
390) y = 4t3 tanh 390)
t2
1 1 1 1
A) 12t2 tanh - 8 sech2 B) 12t2 tanh + 8 sech2
t2 t2 t2 t2
1 1 1 1
C) 12t2 tanh - 4 sech2 D) 12t2 tanh - 8 sech
t2 t2 t2 t2
391) y = sech (3θ) (1 - ln sech(3θ)) 391)

A) 3 sech (3θ) tanh (3θ) ln sech (3θ) B) sech (3θ) tanh (3θ) ln sech (3θ)
C) 3 sech (3θ) tanh (3θ) ln (3θ) D) 1 - 3 sech (3θ) tanh (3θ) ln sech (3θ)
Find the derivative of y with respect to the appropriate variable.

392) y = sinh-1 9x 392)
1 9 9 1
A) B) C) D)
1 + 9x 2 9x(1 + 9x) 2 9x(9x - 1) 2 9x(1 + 9x)
393) y = cosh -1 2 x + 9 393)

1 1
A) B)
(2x + 17)(x + 9) (4x + 35)(x + 9)
1 1
C) D)
(2x + 17) (4x + 37)(x + 9)
394) y = (6 - 6θ) tanh-1 θ 394)

6 + 6θ 6
A) - 6 tanh-1 θ B) - 6 tanh-1 θ
1 + θ2 1+θ
6 -6
C) - 6 tanh-1 θ D)
1-θ 1+θ
395) y = (θ2 + 8θ) tanh-1 (θ + 7) 395)

θ θ
A) - B) (2θ + 8) tanh-1 (θ + 7) -
θ+6 θ+6
θ2 + 8θ 1
C) (2θ + 8) tanh-1 (θ + 7) - D) (2θ + 8) -
1 + (θ + 7)2 θ + 48
396) y = (1 - 7t) coth -1 7t 396)

7
A) (1 - 7t) coth -1 7t B) - t
2
7 7
C) - 7 coth -1 7t D) - 7 tanh-1 7t
2 t 2 t
57
1 - x2 sech-1 x
397) y = 4 ln x + 397)
3 x sech-1 x 3 x sech-1 x
A) - B) -
x 1 - x2 x 2 1 - x2
4 sech-1 x
C) 4 ln x - sech-1 x D) -
x 1 - x2
1 θ
398) y = csch -1 398)
2
1 θ 1
ln 2 ln
ln 2 2 2 ln 2
A) B) C) D)
1 θ 1 θ 1 2θ 1 2θ 1 2θ
1+ 1+ 1+ 1+
2 2 2 2 2
399) y = sinh-1 (cos x) 399)

1 - sin x - sin x
A) B) - sin x C) D)
1 + cos2 x 1 + cos2 x 1 + x2
400) y = 2 sinh-1 (ln x) 400)

2 2 2 2
A) B) C) D)
1 + (ln x)2 x 1 + (ln x)2 x (ln x)2 - 1 1 2
1+
x
401) y = 5 tanh-1 (cos x) 401)

1 -5 sin x
A) ln sin x B)
1 - x2 1+ cos2 x
-5 -5
C) D)
sin x cos x
Verify the integration formula.
402) ∫ 10 sech x dx = tan-1 (sinh 10x) + C 402)

A) Yes B) No
∫ x csch-1 x dx = x2 csch-1 x + 12
2
403) 1 + x2 + C 403)
A) No B) Yes
404) ∫ tanh-1 x dx = x tanh-1 x + 12 ln (1 - x2)+ C 404)
A) No B) Yes
405) ∫ 10 sech x dx = sin-1 (1 - x2) + C 405)

A) Yes B) No
58
406) ∫ 10x tanh x2 dx = 5 ln (cosh x2) + C 406)
A) Yes B) No
407) ∫ coth-1 x dx = (x - 1)coth -1 x+ x+ C 407)

A) Yes B) No
∫ 2x3 sech-1 x2 dx = x2 sech-1 x + 12

4
408) 1 - x4 + C 408)
A) No B) Yes
tanh-1 (lnx)
409) ∫ x
1
dx = ln x tanh-1 (ln x) + ln (1 - (ln x)2)+ C
2
409)
A) Yes B) No
410) ∫ 5 csch 5x dx = ln tanh 52 x +C 410)
A) No B) Yes
411) ∫ 2 tanh 2x dx = ln cosh-1 2x + C 411)

A) No B) Yes

412) ∫ sinh 9x dx 412)
1 1
A) cosh-1 9x + C B) cosh 9x + C C) cosh 9x + C D) - cosh 9x + C
9 9
413) ∫ cosh x2 dx 413)
x x x x
A) sinh +C B) 2 sinh +C C) sin -1 +C D) -2 sinh +C
2 2 2 2
414) ∫ 8 cosh x
2
- ln 5 dx 414)
16 x x
A) sinh - ln 5 + C B) 4 sinh +C
5 2 2
x x
C) 16 sinh - ln 5 + C D) 8 sinh - ln 5 + C
2 2
59
415) ∫ 2 sinh (4x- ln 4) dx 415)
1 1
A) cosh (4x - ln 4) + C B) cosh 4x + C
2 8
C) 2 cosh (4x - ln 4) + C D) 8 cosh (4x - ln 4) + C
416) ∫ tanh x
4
dx 416)
x x
A) ln coth +C B) 4 sech2 +C
4 4
x x
C) 4 ln cosh +C D) 4 ln sinh +C
4 4
417) ∫ coth (5x) dx 417)

1 x
A) ln sinh 5x + C B) 5 ln sinh +C
5 5
1
C) csch 2 5x + C D) ln sinh 5x + C
5
418) ∫ sech2 (2x - 1) dx 418)

1 2
A) tanh (2x - 1) + C B) sech3 (2x - 1) + C
2 3
1
C) tanh (2x - 1) + C D) coth (2x - 1) + C
2
419) ∫ csch2 3 - 10x dx 419)
x 10 x
A) 10 coth 3 - +C B) csch 3 3 - +C
10 3 10
x x
C) 10 tanh 3 - +C D) -coth 3 - +C
10 10
420) ∫ 3x sech x2 tanh x2 dx 420)
sech x2 3 3
A) +C B) sech x2 + C C) - sech x2 + C D) 3 csch x2 + C
2x 2 2
421) ∫ csch (ln x) coth (ln x)

3x
dx 421)
-1
A) csch (ln x) + C B) x csch (ln x) + C
3
1
C) csch (ln x) + C D) 3 sech (ln x) + C
3
60
ln 10
422) ∫ tanh x dx 422)
ln 2
38 101 38
A) ln B) ln 2 C) ln D)
5 25 5
ln 9
423) ∫ cosh x dx 423)
0
71 80 40 71
A) B) C) D) -
18 9 9 18
ln 4
424) ∫ coth 7x dx 424)
ln 2
1 1025 1 1025 9
A) ln B) ln 2 C) ln D)
7 32 7 32 56
ln 5
425) ∫ 10etcosh t dt 425)
ln 2
145 5 105 105 5
A) + 5 ln 10 B) 15 + 5 ln C) + ln 3 D) + 5 ln
2 2 2 2 2
ln 5
426) ∫ e-t sinh t dt 426)
0
5 6 ln 5 1 ln 5 6 ln 5
A) ln - B) + C) - D) +6
2 25 2 100 2 25 2
π/2
427) ∫ 3 cosh (sin θ) cos θ dθ 427)
0
3 1
A) e- B) 3(eπ/2 - e-π/2 - 1)
2 e
3 1 3
C) e+ D)
2 e 2
π/4
428) ∫ 4 sinh (tan θ) sec2 θ dθ 428)
-π/4
A) 0 B) 4(eπ/4 - e-π/4 )
1
C) 4 e - D) 4
e
61
9
429) ∫ 8
sinh
x
x
dx 429)
1
1
A) -8 B) 16 e3 + e-3 -e -
e
1
C) 8 e3 + e-3 -e - D) 8(e3 - e)
e
0
430) ∫ 6 sinh2
x
2
dx 430)
-ln 3
4 4 128
A) 2(e6 - e-6 ) B) 3 + ln 3 C) 3 - ln 3 D) -
3 3 27
ln 5
431) ∫ 8 cosh2
x
2
dx 431)
0
17576 12 8 15 -15 13
A) B) 4 + ln 5 C) (e - e ) D) 4 - ln 5
125 5 3 5
Express the value of the inverse hyperbolic function in terms of natural logarithms.
-3
432) sinh-1 432)
4
-3 1
A) ln 2 B) ln (4) C) ln + 10 D) ln
4 2
13
433) cosh-1 433)
5
1 13
A) ln 4 B) ln C) ln 5 D) ln + 170
5 5
6
434) tanh-1 434)
7
1 1 1 1
A) ln -13 B) ln 13 C) ln 1 D) ln 143
2 2 2 2
5
435) coth -1 435)
4
1 1 1
A) 0 B) ln 9 C) ln -9 D) ln 45
2 2 2
12
436) sech-1 436)
13
18 3 2
A) ln B) ln C) ln D) Undefined
13 2 3
62
9
437) csch -1 437)
4
4- 97 3 4+ 97
A) ln B) ln C) ln D) ln 97
9 2 9
438) sinh-1 (4) 438)

A) ln (4 + 15) B) ln (4 - 17) C) ln (4 + 17) D) ln 8
439) cosh-1 2 439)

A) ln (2 + 5) B) ln (2 - 3) C) ln (2 + 3) D) ln (4)
Evaluate the integral in terms of natural logarithms.
2 3
440) ∫ dx
4 + x2
440)
0
3+2
A) ln ( 2 + 3) B) ln ( 2 + 3) C) ln ( 3 + 2) D) ln
2
2/2
441) ∫ 20dx
1 + 16x2
441)
0
A) 5 ln (2 2 + 3) B) 5 ln (2 2 + 7) C) 20 ln (2 2 + 3) D) ln 11
7/2
442) ∫ dx
1 - x2
442)
6/5
1 9 7 1 9
A) ln - B) ln C) ln 2 D) ln
2 55 11 2 55
8/9
443) ∫ dx
1 - x2
443)
0
1 1 1
A) ln -7 B) ln C) ln 17 D) ln 33
2 17 2
7
444) ∫ dx
x2 - 9
444)
4
7 + 40
A) ln B) ln 4
4+ 7
7 + 40 1 40
C) ln -1 D) ln
23 2 4+ 7
63
12
445) ∫ x
dx
x2 + 9
445)
3
1 4(1 + 2) 1 1+ 2
A) ln B) ln
3 1 + 17 3 1 + 15
1 1+ 2 1+ 17
C) - ln D) -ln
3 1 + 17 4
9π
446) ∫ -sin x dx
1+ cos2 x
446)
0
-1 + 2
A) -2 B) ln C) ln 2 D) 0
1+ 2
e2
447) ∫ 9 dx
x 1+ (lnx) 2
447)
1
A) 2 B) 9 ln (2 + 5) C) 9 ln (1 + 2) D) ln (2 + 5)
Solve the problem.

448) The velocity of a body of mass m falling from rest under the action of gravity is given by the 448)
mg gk
equation v = tanh t , where k is a constant that depends on the body's aerodynamic
k m
properties and the density of the air, g is the gravitational constant, and t is the number of seconds
lim
into the fall. Find the limiting velocity, v, of a 190 lb. skydiver (mg = 190) when k = 0.006.
t→∞
A) 56.27 ft/sec B) 177.95 ft/sec
C) There is no limiting speed. D) 0.01 ft/sec
449) The velocity of a body of mass m falling from rest under the action of gravity is given by the 449)
mg gk
equation v = tanh t , where k is a constant that depends on the body's aerodynamic
k m
properties and the density of the air, g is the gravitational constant, and t is the number of seconds
lim
into the fall. Find the limiting velocity, v, of a 420 lb. skydiver (mg = 420) when k = 0.006.
t→∞
A) There is no limiting speed. B) 264.58 ft/sec
C) 83.67 ft/sec D) 0.01 ft/sec
1
450) Consider the area of the region in the first quadrant enclosed by the curve y = cosh 10x, the 450)
10
coordinate axes, and the line x = 9. This area is the same as the area of a rectangle of a length s,
where s is the length of the curve from x = 0 to x = 9. What is the height of the rectangle?
1 1
A) sinh 90 B) C) 10 D) sinh 90
100 10
64
451) A region in the first quadrant is bounded above by the curve y = cosh x, below by the curve 451)
y = sinh x, on the left by the y-axis, and on the right by the line x = 11. Find the volume of the
solid generated by revolving the region about the x-axis.
π -22
A) 0 B) e +1 C) 2π D) 11π
2
452) A region in the first quadrant is bounded above by the curve y = tanh x, below by the x-axis, on 452)
the left by the y-axis, and on the right by the line x = ln 2. Find the volume of the solid generated
by revolving the region about the x-axis.
3 3
A) π ln 2 - B) 0 C) 2π D) -
5 5
1
453) Find the length of the segment of the curve y = cosh 2x from x=0 to x = ln 2. 453)
2
5 3 1 1
A) B) 2 C) D) 2-
8 8 4 2
Find the slowest growing and the fastest growing functions as x→∞.
454) y = x + 10 454)
y = ex
y = x2 + cos2 x
y = 4x
A) Slowest: y = ex B) Slowest: y = x + 10
Fastest: y = x2 + cos2 x Fastest: y = 4 x
C) Slowest: y = x + 10 D) Slowest: y = x + 10
Fastest: y = x2 + cos2 x Fastest: y = ex
455) y = 2x2 + 6x 455)

y = ex
y = ex/6
y = log 6x
A) Slowest: y = ex/6
Fastest: 2x2 + 6x
B) Slowest: y = log6 x
Fastest: y = ex and y = ex/6 grow at the same rate.
C) Slowest: y = log6 x
Fastest: y = ex
D) Slowest: 2x2 + 6x
Fastest: y = ex
65
456) y = 6x10 456)
y = ex
y = ex-3
y = xex
A) Slowest: y = xex
Fastest: y = ex
B) Slowest: y = 6x10
Fastest: y = ex and y = ex-3 grow at the same rate.
C) Slowest: y = ex-3
Fastest: y = xex
D) Slowest: y = 6x10
Fastest: y = xex
457) y = x2 + 2x 457)
y = x2
y= x4 + x2
y = 9x2
A) Slowest: y = x2 and y = 9x2 grow at the same rate.
Fastest: y = x4 + x2
B) They all grow at the same rate.
C) Slowest: y = x4 + x2
Fastest: y = x2 + 2x
D) Slowest: y = x4 + x2
Fastest: y = 9x2
458) y = ln 3x 458)
y = 9 ln x
1
y=
x
y= x
A) Slowest: y = x
Fastest: y = ln 3x and y = 9 ln x grow at the same rate.
1
B) Slowest: y =
x
Fastest: y = 9 ln x
1
C) Slowest: y =
x
Fastest: y = x
D) Slowest: y = ln 3x and y = 9 ln x grow at the same rate.
Fastest: y = x
66
459) y = ex 459)
y = ex/4
y = xx
y = 4x
A) Slowest: y = ex/4 and y = ex grow at the same rate.
Fastest: y = 4 x
B) Slowest: y = xx
Fastest: y = 4 x
C) Slowest: y = ex/4 and y = ex grow at the same rate.
Fastest: y = xx
D) Slowest: y = ex/4
Fastest: y = xx
Determine if the statement is true or false as x→∞.

460) x = o(x + 3) 460)
A) True B) False
461) ex = o(e10x) 461)

A) True B) False
462) ln x = o(ln 7x) 462)

A) True B) False
463) x = O(x + 7) 463)

A) True B) False
464) x = O(10x) 464)

A) True B) False
465) 2x + ln x = O(x) 465)

A) True B) False
466) ex + 7x = O(ex) 466)

A) True B) False
467) 10 + cos x = O(10) 467)

A) True B) False
468) 5x3 + cos x = O(5x2 ) 468)

A) True B) False
469) ln x = o(ln(x2 + 8)) 469)

A) True B) False
67

470) A polynomial f(x) has a degree smaller than or equal to another polynomial g(x). Does 470)
f = O(g) and does g = O(f)?
ln(x + 1) ln(x + 9961)

471) Show that lim = lim . 471)
x→∞ ln x x→∞ ln x
Explain why this is the case.
472) Show that y = x6 + x and y = x6 + x4 grow at the same rate as x→∞ by showing that 472)
they both grow at the same rate as y = x3 as x→∞.
473) Suppose you are looking for an item in an ordered list one million items long. Which 473)
would be better, a sequential search or a binary search? Why?
68
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED7
1) B
2) B
3) A
4) A
5) A
6) B
7) A
8) B
9) D
10) B
11) A
12) C
13) D
14) D
15) D
16) D
17) C
18) B
19) D
20) B
21) D
22) A
23) B
24) C
25) A
26) C
27) B
28) B
29) D
30) A
31) D
32) A
33) B
34) B
35) A
36) C
37) C
38) B
39) B
40) A
41) C
42) A
43) A
44) D
45) A
46) B
47) C
48) D
49) C
50) B
69
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED7
51) B
52) B
53) A
54) A
55) C
56) C
57) B
58) B
59) B
60) C
61) C
62) D
63) B
64) B
65) C
66) C
67) D
68) B
69) A
70) A
71) C
72) D
73) B
74) A
75) B
76) B
77) A
78) B
79) A
80) B
81) D
82) A
83) D
84) B
85) D
86) C
87) D
88) C
89) C
90) A
91) D
92) D
93) B
94) D
95) D
96) D
97) D
98) B
99) A
100) B
70
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED7
101) D
102) C
103) D
104) B
105) D
106) B
107) D
108) B
109) C
110) B
111) C
112) B
113) D
114) A
115) D
116) C
117) B
118) D
119) A
120) C
121) A
122) A
123) A
124) B
125) D
126) D
127) D
128) D
129) B
130) C
131) B
132) C
133) A
134) B
135) B
136) D
137) A
138) D
139) D
140) C
141) D
142) C
143) B
144) C
145) B
146) D
147) C
148) A
149) D
150) B
71
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED7
151) D
152) C
153) B
154) A
155) B
156) B
157) D
158) A
159) C
160) B
161) D
162) B
163) B
164) D
165) B
166) A
167) B
168) A
169) D
170) A
171) A
172) D
173) B
174) A
175) C
176) C
177) B
178) B
179) C
180) D
181) D
182) D
183) B
184) D
185) C
dy 1
186) Let y = x ln ax - x + C and take its derivative. = (1)ln ax + ax - 1 = ln ax
dx ax
187) A
188) A
189) A
190) B
191) A
192) B
193) A
194) B
195) A
196) B
197) A
198) B
72
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED7
199) D
200) C
201) D
202) C
203) C
204) A
205) C
206) D
207) A
208) C
209) D
210) C
211) B
212) D
213) D
214) B
215) B
216) A
217) D
218) B
219) C
220) D
221) B
222) A
223) C
224) B
225) B
226) A
227) D
228) C
229) D
230) A
231) D
232) D
233) B
234) A
235) C
236) A
237) D
238) B
239) B
240) B
241) A
242) D
243) D
244) C
245) B
246) A
247) A
248) B
73
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED7
249) D
250) C
251) A
252) C
253) B
254) C
255)
y
6
1 2 3 4 x
Using the graph, students should estimate the limit to be approximately 4.4.
Using l'Hopital's rule:

x x - 2 x + 3x - 6 x + (x/2 x) - (1/ x ) + 3
lim = lim
x →2 x-2 x →2 1
2 + (2/2 2) - (1/ 2 ) + 3
= = 2+3
1
256)
y
1
-1 1 x
-1
Using the graph, students should estimate the limit to be 0.

1 - cos x sin x
lim = lim
x →0 x x →0 1
sin 0 0
= = = 0
1 1
74
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED7
257)
y
-1 1 x
-1
-2
Using the graph, students should estimate the limit to be -1.

cos x - 1 - sin x
lim = lim
x
x →0 e - x - 1 x →0 ex - 1
- cos x -1
= lim = = -1
x →0 ex 1
75
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED7
258)
y
2
1 x

the limit leads to the indeterminate form 0 0 so let f(x) = x x and take logarithms of both sides
ln x
ln f(x) = x ln x =
1/ x
ln x -∞
lim ln f(x) = lim
x →0 + x →0 + 1/ x ∞
1/x
= lim differentiate
-1/2x 3/2
x →0 +
= lim -2 x = 0
x →0 +
So lim x x = lim eln f(x) = e0 = 1

x →0 + x →0 +
259)
y
3
2
1
-1 -1 1 2 3 x
-2
-3
-4
-5
-6
-7
-8
-9

x 1
lim = lim =0
x →∞ 2 x x →∞ ln2 ∙ 2 x
76
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED7
260)
y
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 x

the limit leads to the indeterminate form ∞0 so let f(x) = x1/x and take logarithms of both sides
ln x
ln f(x) = (1/x) ln x =
x
ln x ∞
lim ln f(x) = lim
x →∞ x →∞ x ∞
(1/ x ) ∙ (1/2 x)
= lim differentiate
x →∞ 1
1
= lim =0
x →∞ 2x
So lim x1/x = lim eln f(x) = e0 = 1

x →∞ x →∞
77
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED7
261)
y
20
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
1 x
Using the graph, students should find the limit to be ∞.

the limit leads to the indeterminate form ∞ - ∞ so combine the fractions and apply l'Hopital's rule:
1 1 x - sin x
lim - = lim
x →0 sin x x x →0 x sin x
(1/2 x ) - cos x
= lim
x →0 (1/2 x ) sin x + x cos x
1 - 2 x cos x
= lim
x →0 sin x + 2x cos x
1
= =∞
0
sin (1/x) 0
262) L'Hôpital's Rule cannot be applied to lim because it corresponds to , which is not an indeterminate form.
x→∞ e1/x 1
x-4 0
263) Choice (a) is incorrect. L'Hôpital's rule cannot be applied to lim because it corresponds to which is not an
x→4 x 2 - 4 12
indeterminate form. Choice (b) is correct.
x+2
264) Choice (a) is correct. L'Hôpital's rule can be applied to lim since it corresponds to the indeterminate form
x→- 2 2 - 4
x
0
. Choice (b) is incorrect because (-2)2 = 4 not -4.
0
265) Two such functions are f(x) = 4x2 + 4 and g(x) = x2 + 1.
1 1
266) Two such functions are f(x) = and g(x) = .
x x2
267) lim f(x)g(x) = lim (x - 3) 2/(x - 3)2 = 0

x→3 x→3
cosx 1
268) L'Hôpital's Rule cannot be applied to lim because it corresponds to which is not an indeterminate form.
x→0 1 + 2x 1
78
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED7
x3 - 2x2 + 1 15
269) L'Hôpital's Rule cannot be applied to lim because it corresponds to - which is not an indeterminate
x→-2 2
3x - 6x 24
form.
270) A
271) C
272) A
273) B
274) C
275) D
276) C
277) B
278) B
279) C
280) D
281) A
282) B
283) B
284) B
285) D
286) B
287) D
288) C
289) C
290) D
291) C
292) B
293) D
294) D
295) D
296) C
297) D
298) D
299) B
300) C
301) B
302) B
303) B
304) D
305) C
306) D
307) B
308) D
309) D
310) A
311) C
312) C
313) D
314) C
315) C
79
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED7
316) C
317) D
318) C
319) D
320) A
321) D
322) D
323) A
324) D
325) A
326) B
327) B
328) D
329) B
330) A
331) A
332) A
333) A
334) B
335) A
336) A
337) A
338) B
339) A
340) D
341) C
342) D
343) B
344) D
345) A
346) C
347) D
348) B
349) D
x
350) The angle θ made between the ground and the top of the blackboard is equal to cot-1 . The angle θ - α made
13
x x
between the ground and the bottom of the blackboard is equal to cot-1 . Therefore θ - (θ - α) = α = cot-1 - cot-1
4 13
x
4
351) A
352) A
353) D
354) B
355) B
356) A
357) C
358) cos-1 4, There is no angle whose cosine is 4.
80
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED7
1 1
359) csc-1 , There is no angle whose cosecant is .
6 6
360) sec-1 (-x) = cos-1 (-1/x) = π - cos-1 (1/x) = π - sec-1 x
361) Yes, They both have domains -1 ≤ x ≤ 1. They have the same basic shape with opposite slopes. Since the slopes are
opposites the derivatives will be opposites.
π π
362) When plugging in angles such that - ≤ x ≤ the output is the same angle. However, the range of
2 2
π π
y = sin -1 x is - ≤ y ≤ . Therefore, when plugging in angles outside of that interval the output will be different.
2 2
Instead of getting back the same angle you are getting back the first or fourth quadrant angle whose sine is the same
value. The overall result is a function going back and forth between 1 and -1 in a linear fashion.
363) When x is positive these graphs are identical because they are both giving the same angle.
x 1
cos θ = ↔ tan θ = . When x is negative both functions are still referring to the same angle. However,
2
x +1 x
inverse cosine gives values between π/2 and π while inverse tangent gives values between -π/2 and 0.
364) The graph of f(x) = cos-1 x has negative slope on its domain [-1, 1]. Therefore all values of the first derivative are
below the x-axis. The graph of f(x) becomes gradually less steep as the graph of f′ approaches its vertex at x = 0. To
the right of the y-axis, the graph of f′ quickly descends and f(x) becomes more steep.
365) B
366) D
367) C
368) D
369) C
370) B
371) D
372) C
373) D
374) B
375) B
376) B
377) D
378) B
379) C
380) C
381) C
382) A
383) B
384) B
385) D
386) A
387) C
388) A
389) D
390) A
391) A
392) B
393) B
394) B
81
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED7
395) B
396) C
397) A
398) D
399) C
400) B
401) C
402) A
403) B
404) B
405) B
406) A
407) A
408) A
409) A
410) B
411) A
412) B
413) B
414) C
415) A
416) C
417) A
418) A
419) A
420) C
421) A
422) C
423) C
424) A
425) D
426) C
427) A
428) A
429) C
430) C
431) B
432) D
433) C
434) B
435) B
436) B
437) C
438) C
439) C
440) C
441) A
442) D
443) C
444) A
82
Answer Key
Testname: UNTITLED7
445)A
446)B
447)B
448)B
449)B
450)B
451)D
452)A
453)C
454)B
455)B
456)D
457)B
458)C
459)D
460)B
461)A
462)B
463)A
464)A
465)A
466)A
467)A
468)B
469)B
470)f = O(g) but g ≠ O(f) except in the case where their degrees are equal.
ln(x+1) 1/(x + 1) x
471) lim = lim = lim =1
x→∞ ln x x→∞ 1/x x→∞ x + 1
ln(x+9961) 1/(x + 9961) x
lim = lim = lim =1
x→∞ ln x x→∞ 1/x x→∞ + 9961
x
y = ln x, y = ln(x+1), and y = ln (x+9961) all grow at the same rate.
x6 + x x6 + x 1
472) lim = lim = lim 1+ =1
x→∞ x 3 x→∞ x6 x→∞ x5
x 6 + x4 x6 + x 4 1
lim = lim = lim 1+ =1
x→∞ x3 x→∞ x6 x→∞ x2
Therefore both functions grow at the same rate as x→∞.
473) The binary search. The sequential search could take up to a million steps. The binary search would take at most 20
steps.
83
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but not that of Touggourt: their posts upon the edge of the desert
were ultimate posts as are the European garrisons to-day.
But in one thing the sense of change is justified, and that is the fall
of the woods. Here Islam worked itself out fully: its ignorance of
consequence, its absolute and insufficient assertion, its lack of
harmony with the process and modulation of time, its Arabian origin,
are all apparent in the destruction of trees. If the rainfall is as
abundant as ever, it is not held, for the roots of trees are lacking, and
if it be true that trees in summer bring rain of themselves by their
leaves, then that benefit is also gone. There are many deep
channels, called secchias, traversing the soft dust of the uplands,
with no trace of bridges where the Roman roads cross them: they
are new. They are carved by the sudden spates that follow the
cloudbursts in the hills. Here, perhaps, in the Roman time were
regular and even streams, and perhaps, upon their banks, where
now are stretches of ugly earth quite bare, the legionaries saw
meadows. At any rate, the trees have gone.
Up in the higher hills, in Aurès and the Djurdjura, upon the flanks
of the mountains where the Berbers remain unconquered, and where
the melting of the snows give a copious moisture, forests still remain.
They are commonly of great cedars as dark as the pine woods of the
Vosges or the noble chesnut groves by which the Alps lead a man
down into Italy. But these forests are rare and isolated as the
aboriginal languages and tribes which haunt them. You may camp
under the deep boughs within a march of Batna and then go
northward and eastward for days and days of walking before you
come again to the woods and their scent and their good floor of
needles in the heights from which you see again the welcome of the
Mediterranean.
This lack of trees the French very laboriously Story of the
attempt to correct. Their chief obstacle is the Determinist
nature of that religion which is also the hard barrier raised against
every other European thing which may attempt to influence Africa to-
day.
There was a new grove planted some ten years since in a chosen
place. It was surrounded with a wall, and the little trees were chosen
delicately and bought at a great price, and planted by men
particularly skilled. Also, there was an edict posted up in those wilds
(it was within fifty miles of the desert, just on the hither side of Atlas)
saying that a grove had been planted in such and such a place and
that no one was to hurt the trees, under dreadful penalties. The
French also, as is the laudable custom of Republicans, gave a
reason for what they did, pointing out that trees had such and such
an effect on climate—the whole in plain clear terms and printed in
the Arabic script.
There was, however, a Mohammedan who, on reading this,
immediately saw in it an advertisement of wealth and pasture. He
drove his goats for nearly fifteen miles, camped outside the wall, and
next day lifted each animal carefully one by one into the enclosure
that they might browse upon the tender shoots of the young trees.
“Better,” he thought, “that my goats should fatten than that the mad
Christians should enjoy this tree-fad of theirs which is of no
advantage to God or man.”
When his last goat was over two rangers came, and, in extreme
anger, brought him before the magistrate, where he was asked what
reason he could give for the wrong thing he had done. He answered,
“R’aho, it was the will of God. Mektoub, it was written”—or words to
that effect.
The platform of the Rock of Cirta is the place Cirta or

from which the effort of the French over all this Constantine
land can best be judged, for it is the centre round which nature and
history have grouped the four changes of Barbary.
The rock is like those headlands which jut out Constantine

from inland ranges and dominate deep
harbours; it is as bold as are such capes, and is united, as they are,
with the mass of land behind it by a neck of even surface—the only
passage by which the rock itself can be approached. On every side
but this, very sharp slopes of grass, broken by precipices, plunge
down in a mountainous way to the valleys, and at the foot of the
most sheer of these there tumbles noisily in a profound gorge the
torrent called Rummel, that is, “The Tawny,” for it is as yellow as a
lion or as sea-sand.
The trench is so deep and dark that one may stand above it
towards evening and hear the noise of the water and yet see no
gleam of light reflected from it, it runs so far below. It is this stream
which has made on the Rock of Cirta (though it is out of the true Tell
and far into the Tableland) a habitable fortress and a town; the town
called Constantine.
Such sites are very rare. Luxemburg is one, a stronghold cut off by
similar precipitous valleys. Jerusalem is another. Wherever they are
found the origin of their fortress goes back beyond the beginning of
history, they are tribal, and their record is principally of war. So it is
with Cirta. The legends of the nomads say that they descended from
some enormous dusky figure, a God of the Atlas and of Spain—a
giant God marching along the shores of the ocean followed
perpetually by armies. Even this first of African names was mixed up
with Cirta, for the title of the rock was that of his loves, and the name
Cirta given it by these horsemen of Numidia was the name of their
universal mother. A man can be certain, as he walks along the edges
of the place to-day and looks down into the gulfs below it, that men
have so moved here amid buildings and in a fixed town with altars
and a name ever since first they knew how to mortar stones together
and to obey laws. The close pack of houses standing thus apart
upon a peak has in it, therefore, something consistently sacred.
Permanence and continuity are to be discovered here only among
the cities of Africa; and its landscape and character of themselves
impress the traveller with a certitude that here will be planted on into
time the capital of the native blood: too far removed from the sea for
colonisation or piracy to destroy it: too well cut off by those trenches
of defence to be sacked and overrun: too peopled and well watered
to decay.
The town has been taken in every conquest, and every conqueror
has boasted himself to have overcome the walls of rock, the
hundreds of feet of sheer climbing. The boast is manifestly absurd,
though the temptation to make it was irresistible. When Cirta has
been stormed only one gate admitted the invaders, and that was the
isthmus which leads from the platform of the summit to the tableland
beyond. It was here that Massinissa and here that the Romans
entered. By this entry came the French soldiers, and the market
which stands there is called to-day “The Place of the Breach.”
There is a place in Constantine where the full The Inscriptions
history of the town is best felt, and that is in the
new Town Hall, which stands upon the edge of the rock upon the
side furthest from the river and looks at the storms blowing over the
uplands from Atlas and driving low clouds right at the crest of the
walls. In this building are preserved (in no great number) the
antiquities of the place and its neighbourhood. Here is a little silver
victory which once fluttered, it is thought, in the hand of that great
statue which adorned the Capitol, and here are long rows of tombs
from the beginning of the Italian influence till the time of the martyrs:
you see carved upon them the slow change of the mind until the last
of the pagans boast of such virtues and have already that sort of
content which the acceptation of the creed was to bequeath to
succeeding time. This record of the epitaphs, though brief, is perfect;
you watch at work in them the spirit that made St. Cyprian
transforming the African soil; but their chief interest is in this, that
they are, as it were, a rediscovery of ourselves. You dig through
centuries of alien rubbish overlying the Roman dead, and, when you
have dug deeply enough you come suddenly upon Europe. For
twelve hundred years an idiom quite unfamiliar to us has alone been
spoken here: beneath it you find the august and reasonable Latin,
and as you read you feel about you the air of home. For all those
generations the manifold aspect of the divine was forgotten: there
were no shrines nor priests to rear them. Then, deep down, you
discover a tablet upon a tomb, and, reading it, you find it was carved
in memory of a priestess of Isis who was so gracious and who so
served the divinities of the woods that when she died ingemuerunt
Dryades: twice I read those delicate words, delicately chiselled in
hard stone, and I saw her going in black, with her head bent, through
groves. A trace of colouring remains upon the lettering of the verse
and a powerful affection lingers in it, so that the past is preserved.
Islam destroyed with fanaticism the figures of animals and of men:
here in these European carvings they are everywhere. The barbarian
creed conceived or implanted a barbaric fear of vines: here you see
Bacchus, young, on the corner of a frieze, and gentle old Silenus
carried heavily along.
If it is from the Rock of Cirta, from Cæsarea or

Constantine, that the recovery of the province Cherchel
and its re-entry into Europe is best perceived—for there stands the
unchanging centre of Africa, and there can all the threads of her
destiny be grasped—yet there is another place far westward and
down upon the shore, where the wound that Europe suffered by the
Mohammedan invasion is more marked and long eclipse of our race
more apparent. It is the Bay of Cæsarea.
Constantine is so necessary to Africa that its very name (and it is
alone in this among all the cities) has been preserved. Cæsarea has
lost its name and its dignity too. The Barbarians have come to call
her “Cherchel”: as for her rank, it has been forgotten altogether; yet
this port was for a hundred years peculiar among all others in the
Mediterranean—it was more remote, more splendid, and more new.
The accident which created it lent a great story to its dynasty, and its
situation here, along the steeper shores that lead on to the Straits
and to the outer ocean, lent some western mystery to it and some
appeal.
Cleopatra, the Queen of Egypt, was famous Cherchel
throughout the Mediterranean for her beauty.
The last of her lovers—it is well known—was Anthony the Triumvir,
who had desired (until he saw her) to inherit from Cæsar and to rule
the whole world. This ambition he abandoned after one battle, lost, it
is said, through her folly; and soon after that defeat they chose to
die. But a fruit of their loves, and a picture, perhaps, of his courage
and of her magnificence, survived in a daughter whom her mother
had dedicated to the Moon and had called Selene. This child was
married out into Barbary, to the king of the nomads, and here, in
Cherchel, she held with her husband for many years a court which
gathered round it the handicraft of Corinth, the letters of Athens, and
some reflected splendour from the town of Rome.
He was of those horsemen who had now for two centuries served
Carthage as mercenaries or Rome as allies. To the cities of the sea
coast, which were Italian or Asiatic in blood, these riders of the
uplands had been outer men. They appeared barbaric to the end,
and, at the very end, it was their blood, perhaps, that rebelled
against the tradition of order and that joined first the Vandal and then
the Arab. The king was dark and a barbarian. This wife who was
sent to him inherited the broad forehead of Rome and the silence of
Egypt, and was also an heiress to the generals of Alexander. There
met in her, therefore, all those high sources from whose unison
Christendom has proceeded. She came west to a new land that did
not know cut stone and hardly roads: in a little time she had built a
city.
By some economic power which no one has explained, but which
may be compared to the wealth of our smaller independent States
to-day and their merchants, to Antwerp or to The Hague, this city of
Mauretania rose to be a marvel. The porticos stretched along that
rise of land, and a mile of new work, columns and pedestalled
statues and arcades, looked down from the slope and saw, making
for the shore, perpetual sails from the eastward. Great libraries
dignified the city: a complete security and a humane consideration
for the arts continually increased its glory. The passion for
scholarship, which was at that time excessive, may have touched the
palace here with something of the ridiculous. The king wrote,
dictated, or commanded a whole shelf of books and was eager for
the pride of authorship. But no other note of indignity entered their
State, and all around them, looking out to sea, was a resurrection of
Greece.
This queen and her husband lived on into old age thus, untroubled
in their isolation and their content, and destined (as they thought) to
leave a dynasty which even the domination of Rome would protect
and spare.
Nothing is left. Rome seized their town at last. Their descendants
perished. All Mauretania was compelled to follow the common line of
unity. For four hundred years it has no history save that under the
Roman order it endured and increased. The Vandals passed it by: it
might still stand had there not fallen upon it the Mohammedan
invasion which everywhere destroyed, or rather abandoned, a
Roman endeavour. The neglect which was native to the Arab, the
sharp breach which he made in tradition, ended Cæsarea. To-day, a
little market town, a tenth of the old capital, barrenly preserves a
memory of those two thousand years. A few fragments which the
plough recovers or which the builders have spared are gathered in
one place: the rest is parched fields and trees.
One conspicuous monument survives to The Aqueduct
emphasise the retreat of the empire. It is
something the Arab could not waste because it did not lie within the
circuit of the walls: its great stones were too remote from his
buildings to be removed, and its mass too threatening to be
undermined. It was the Aqueduct. This, for the most part, still stands,
and carries an aspect of endurance which is the more awful in that
nothing else of the city has endured. It spans a lonely valley in which
the bay and the old harbour are forgotten, and it is as enormous as
the name of Rome.
It is more like a wall for height and completeness than are any of
the huge Roman arches I know. Its height is such that it catches the
mind more strongly than does the Pont du Gard, and its
completeness such that it arrests the eye more than do the long
trails of arches that stretch like rays across the Campagna. It appalls
one because it is quite alone, and because the multitude that gave it
a meaning has disappeared. One could wish to have seen this thing
before the French came, when the brushwood of the valley was quite
deserted and when one might have thought it fixed for ever in an
intangible isolation which no European would come again to
reoccupy and to disturb.
Even to-day one may climb to the further, inland, side and look
down the perspective of its arches with some illusion of loneliness,
and live for an hour in the fifteen centuries of its abandonment. Its
height, its fineness, and the ruin of its use are so best seen, and its
long line of purpose, pointing on to a city that no longer remembers
baths or fountains. It is the ceaseless refrain of Africa. Italy, Gaul,
and Spain have ruins like these, but these ruins are right against a
life which has always been vigorous and to-day is especially
renewed: only in this one province of Africa do you find Rome
arrested, as it were—its spirit caught away and its body turned into
stone.
There was last to be seen, before I could The Beginning of

leave this province, the desert and those dead the Journey to the
towns which stand along the hither fringe of it: Desert
the deserted homes of the Romans, and chief among them Timgad.
The Atlas, I had heard, is there at its highest, and the knot of
mountains into which it rises is called the Aurès. Upon its southern
side it fell steeply (I was told) upon the Sahara, and its northern
supported, on the last of the High Tableland, those ruined cities.
Here the frontier legionaries had been posted, and here the Arab
invasion had so wasted the forests and dried up the run of water that
the towns had died at once. This Timgad in particular is famous for
its perfection and for the complete survival of its form, but especially
for this, that you walk along paved streets and between standing
columns and look, from the seats of a theatre, towards a great arch
or gate not yet fallen, and yet never hear the voice of a living man.
I took my way to this place, the last of the towns I desired to see—
the tombstone, as it were, of the empire, the symbol or promise of
the reconquest. I went partly by day and partly by night, partly by the
railroad and partly on foot across the High Plateau southward till I
should come to it. Upon my way I met many men who should,
perhaps, have no part in such a little historical essay as is this, but
for fear I should altogether forget them I will write them down.
The first was an ill-dressed fellow, young, and with very sad eyes
such as men keep sometimes in early life but lose at last as they
learn in time to prey upon others. He had been unfortunate. We went
along together across a plain peculiarly lonely, and towards a large,
bare, isolated rock as high as a Welsh mountain and, as it seemed,
quite uninhabited. We were already in sight of the main range of
Atlas, and in the far ravines was a darkness that might, perhaps, be
made by cedar-trees, but all around us was nothing but bare land
and now and then a glint from salt marshes far away.
I asked him from what part of France he had Story of the Lions
come. He answered that he was born in the
colony. Then I asked him whether the colonists thought themselves
prosperous or no. He said, as do all sad people, that luck was the
difference. Those whom fortune loved, prospered; those whom she
hated, failed. He was right; but when he came to examples he was
startling. He showed me, high upon the rock before us, which I had
thought quite lonely, a considerable building, made of the stones of
the place and in colour similar to the mountain itself. “Beyond this
hill,” he said, “is Batna, and beyond Batna is Lambèse. Since you
are walking to Timgad you will pass both these places, and
everywhere you will hear of the House of the Lions. Then you will
learn, if ever you needed proof, that it is luck which governs all our
efforts in this colony.” I looked curiously at the great house, and
asked him to tell me the story. This he did; and I write here, as
exactly as I can from memory, the story he told.
“In that very place upon the hillside where now stands so huge a
house stood, when we were yet children, a little hut of stone such as
the settlers build, with two rooms in it only, a bed, three chairs, a
table, and a cooking-pot. And to this poverty nothing was added, for
ill-luck pursued that roof.
“There lived under it a man and his wife who had two children.
They had come here to rise with the country (as it is said), but,
instead of so rising, first one evil and then another fell upon them till
their little horde was eaten up and the field also, and the man had to
work for others—a most miserable fate. He got work in the building
of the prison of Lambèse, but, as he was not created by God to be a
merchant or a mortar-mixer, nor even a carrier of stone, he earned
very little and was always in dread of being sent away; and his
companions jeered at him, for the unfortunate are ridiculous not only
among the rich, but in every rank; and not only the rich jeer at
poverty and shun it, but the poor also—indeed, all men.
“In a word, this man was in so miserable a way that at last he took
to following his wife to church and to having recourse to shrines, as
do many men when their afflictions are unendurable, and among
other shrines he went to that called ‘St. Anthony of the Lion.’ Now,
though it is ridiculous to believe that the Lion there helped him, (for it
is not a saint,) yet good came to him through Lions.
“One day, when he had gone off to work with a heavy heart,
leaving in the house but one five-franc piece, his wife, who was now
all soured by misfortune and was wearied out with ceaseless work,
heard a single knock at the door, and when she went to it she found
a nomad boy of the desert from beyond Aurès, who held in his arms
two little cubs with soft feet and peering eyes who were mewing for
their mother: they were the cubs of Lions.
“The Arab boy, who was dark, erect, and strong, said, ‘God sends
you these. They are five francs.’ She answered, ‘God be with you. I
cannot pay.’ When, however, he made to go away silently, without
bargaining, she said, ‘God forgive me, but I will buy them’; for she
thought to herself, ‘perhaps I can sell them again for more,’ for Lions
are rare and wonderful beasts. So she took her five-franc piece from
beneath a leaden statue of St. Anthony in the window, and she paid
the Arab boy from beyond Aurès, from the Sahara, and she said,
‘God save you, the lioness will follow the scent’; and he said, ‘God
will overshadow me,’ and went gravely away, biting the five-franc
piece to see if it was good.
“Now, when her husband came home they decided to go into
Batna and sell the cubs, but their children, for whom they could
afford no sort of toy, were already so fond of the little beasts that
they had not the heart to sell them: they skimped and starved and
ran into debt, but as the love of these Lions increased in their hearts
the more determined were they to keep them; and they used to say,
‘God will provide,’ and other things of that sort.
“The cubs, then, grew to be the size of spaniels, and then they
became grown and were the size of hounds, and soon manes grew
on them and they were the size of St. Bernards, and their eyes grew
bright and shone at evening; and at last they were perfect Lions. But
from a long association with Christian men they were genial,
decorous, and loving, and ate nothing but cooked meat, bread, and
now and then a sweetmeat. Also, they could stand up and beg. They
could roar at command. They could jump over each other’s backs;
they could play as many tricks as a dog. It was in this way that good
came from them.
“For one day, when this man and his wife were in a better mood
and had forgotten their poverty for an hour, there came to them in
the carrier’s cart a parcel of wine sent them by a relative who had a
vineyard. This may have been the turning of their luck: one cannot
tell. Luck is above mankind. But, anyhow, they asked the carrier in
and gave him wine. Now the carrier was a Mohammedan, and
Mohammedans are treacherous, so when he saw two Lions walking
about in a lonely house he did not call it witchcraft, as would a
Christian man, but at once he offered a price for them; but the man
and his wife had hearts so good they would not sell. Then the carrier
changed his tune, and offered to hire them for one week and to pay
for this fifty francs: this they gladly accepted. For the carrier and men
like him are incapable of honour except in one small thing, which is
the keeping of words and dates: in this they are most exact. So at
the end of the week he brought back the Lions, and gave the man
and his wife fifty francs.
“But more was to come. For the carrier (and men like him) see
profit where a Christian man would not see it, and he made a
proposition to these people. He said: ‘Your Lions jump through
hoops, they beg for sugar, and do other entertaining things: now I will
travel with you and them, and half of all we earn shall go to you.’ The
man and his wife were so simple and so necessitous that they
accepted, and the tour began. But That Which Watches Over Us at
last rewarded the man and his wife, for within a week the carrier
died, and they went on up and down the country by themselves with
their children, showing the Lions, till they began to earn incredible
sums. They went to the great towns and to the sea coast. At last
they became so rich that they went to Algiers, and there it is, as you
may imagine, large rents but larger earnings. They lived in Algiers for
one year, and became at last so rich that they crossed the sea and
showed their Lions in Provence, in Lyons, and would have shown
them in Paris but that, by the time they reached Tournus, they came
to their own people and found themselves rich enough. There the
man and his wife remained, but their children, who had been born in
Africa, came back, and here they are now. They have friends to
dinner every day, and all on account of Lions.”
When he had done this story he added, “It is true.” Then we went
on to Batna together without a word, but when we reached Batna we
had dinner together and spoke of many other things, but I have
space for nothing except this story of his about the lions.
Having arrived at Batna, which is the starting- The Bargaining at

place for Timgad and also for the desert beyond, Batna
I found that there was a good road which the French had built going
along a valley under Aurès, but that the distance was over twenty
miles. I wasted the daylight bargaining, for no one would drive me
twenty miles for less than sixteen shillings. It was late, and in my
eagerness to bargain I missed the chance of a daylight march, for it
was within an hour of sunset when the night driver who was to start
on the Tebessa road (which runs near Timgad) a little later refused
me. The poorer people whom I asked told me that no one else was
going eastward along that lonely valley, but that, if I were to reach
Timgad, I must make a night march of it or wait a night over in Batna
itself at an inn.
Adventure is never to be refused, so I went Lamboesis
out eastward alone under the evening, and I was
well rewarded, though I went hungry for hours and was afoot nearly
all the way, for I saw a great sight under the sunset, and I met a man
I shall never meet again.
The sight I saw was Lambèse, which was called Lamboesis by the
Romans, and this is what stamps it upon the mind of a lonely man
before nightfall: not what remains, for hardly anything remains, but
that the fragments which remain of it should be so far apart.
There is a sort of long cup or hollow here The Praetorian
pointing at a spur of the Atlas—that high Tower
mountain which holds up the sky. The big lift of Aurès is on one side
of this hollow, mixing into the clouds, and on the other are isolated
and uninhabited high hills. The very floor of this valley is as high as
the top of Cader Idris is in Wales; the heights beyond are as high as
the Pyrenees; and an air of desertion haunts the place. It is
impossible to forget that the Sahara is near by, down beyond the
crest of the range. For though the land is muddy and the sky full of
rough clouds and rain, yet the rain seems to make no grass and the
land is bare. In such a world there stands up before one a square
and hardly ruined tower.
A man of northern Europe looking at this thing The Vastness of
from the high road cannot but think it Jacobean Lambèse
(if he is English) or (if he is German or French) a thing of the Thirty
Years’ War. It might be later perhaps, the freak of some Highland
landlord or the relic of some local rebellion. It is older than our
language by far, and almost older than the Faith. As one looks at it
one cannot feel but only know its age, and one watches it up an
avenue of stones wondering why it stands so lonely. But one’s
wonder has no stuff in it till one goes on half a mile and more: by the
roadside is a pile of Roman stones. These also stood in Lamboesis.
Then, feeling himself yet within the walls of an unseen city, a man
looks back over the stretch he has come and is appalled. In such a
gaze you look westward towards the light beyond the mountains.
The valley is already dark. The high road which the French have
made glistens as hard as stone under the last light. Trees are still
visible, especially the few mournful and hard pyramids of the
cypress, but the little village, the modern prison (for there is a
prison), and the rare labourers here and there are muffled up in
twilight; and there lies before one a mere emptiness, beyond which,
a long way off, dwindled to quite little, is the Praetorian Tower. A
sharp memory of childhood from beyond years of common
experience so strikes the mind.
The spread plain with its one central tower seems infinite; it is now
without hedges or trees or roofs or men; but once the Legion had
filled up everything.
It was all quite bare as I surveyed it—more The Driver Passes
bare than a heath or a down, and as large as
any landscape you may know.
While I was watching this empty space, and surmising what
contrast it would make with the famous and crowded ruins of Timgad
to which this Lamboesis had been a neighbouring city, as Chichester
is to Arundel—or, better still, as Portsmouth and its armament is to
Southampton and its trade—I heard the rumble of heavy and fast
wheels, and a man driving a coach passed me and then pulled up at
my hail. He was the same man who had refused my bargain an hour
and more before. He was driving the night coach to Tebessa. Not
understanding men, he raised his price. I told him that I would pay
him only what I had offered at Batna, less the price of the miles I had
gone. He would not yield, but he did these three things: first, he
promised to send word, as he passed, to an old Soldier who kept a
house near Timgad that a traveller was on the road; secondly, he
gave me advice, telling me that I should freeze to death by night in
that valley (for it was growing cold and the weather would not hold
under such a sky); thirdly, he informed me of the exact distance,
which was at the thirty-second stone, where there is a branch road to
the right, leading in half an hour up the slopes of the range to
Timgad. Then he drove on, and I spent what was left of a doubtful
light in pressing onwards.
The Cold
A great mass of snow had recently covered
the peaks, and in the valley up which I was trudging freezing gusts
and very sharp scurries of cold rain disturbed the traveller. I had
already passed the last ruins of the Romans and had seen, far off in
the dusk, the last arch of the Legions standing all alone with one big
tree beside it. The west was wild-red under the storm, and it was cut
like a fret with the jagged edge of the Sierras, quite black, when I
saw against the purple of a nearer hill the white cloak of an Arab.
He drove a little cart—a light cart with two The Arab
wheels. His horse was of such a sort as you
may buy any day in Africa for ten pounds, that is, it was gentle,
strong, swift, and small, and looked in the half-light as though it did
not weigh upon the earth but as though it were accustomed to
running over the tops of the sea. I said to the Arab: “Will you not give
me a lift?” He answered: “If it is the will of God.” Hearing so excellent
an answer, and finding myself a part of universal fate, I leapt into his
cart and he drove along through the gloaming, and as he went he
sang a little song which had but three notes in it, and each of these
notes was divided from the next by only a quarter of a note. So he
sang, and so I sat by his side.
At last he saw that it was only right to break into talk, if for no other
reason than that I was his guest; so he said quite suddenly, looking
straight before him:
“I am very rich.”
“I,” said I, “am moderately poor.”
At this he shook his head and said: “I am more fortunate than you;
I am very, very rich.” He then wagged his head again slowly from
side to side and was silent for a good minute or more.
He next said slyly, with a mixture of curiosity and politeness: “My
Lord, when you say you are poor you mean poor after the manner of
the Romans, that is, with no money in your pocket but always the
power to obtain it.”
“No,” said I, “I have no land, and not even the power of which you
speak. I am really, though moderately, poor. All that I get I earn by
talking in public places in the cold weather, and in spring time and
summer by writing and by other tricks.” He looked solemn for a
moment, and then said: “Have you, indeed, no land?” I said “No”
again; for at that moment I had none. Then he replied: “I have
sixteen hundred acres of land.”
When he had said this he tossed back his head in that lion-like
way they have, for they are as theatrical as children or animals, and
he went on: “Yes, and of these one-fourth is in good fruit-trees ...
they bear ... they bear ... I cannot contain myself for well-being.”
“God give you increase,” said I. “A good word,” said he, “and I would
say the same to you but that you have nothing to increase with.
However, it is the will of God. ‘To one man it comes, from another it
goes,’ said the Berber, and again it is said, ‘Which of you can be
certain?’”
These last phrases he rattled off like a lesson with no sort of
unction: it was evidently a form. He then continued:
“I have little rivulets running by my trees. He-from-whom-I-bought
had let them go dry; I nurtured them till they sparkled. They feed the
roots of my orchard. I am very rich. Some let their walls fall down; I
prop them up; nay, sometimes I rebuild. All my roofs are tiled with
tiles from Marseilles.... I am very rich.” Then I took up the psalm in
my turn, and I said:
“What is it to be rich if you are not also famous? Can you sing or
dance or make men laugh or cry by your recitals? I will not ask if you
can draw or sculpture, for your religion forbids it, but do you play the
instrument or the flute? Can you put together wise phrases which are
repeated by others?”
To this he answered quite readily: “I have not yet attempted to do
any of these things you mention: doubtless were I to try them I
should succeed, for I have become very rich, and a man who is rich
in money from his own labour could have made himself rich in any
other thing.”
When he said this I appreciated from whence such a doctrine had
invaded England. It had come from the Orientals. I listened to him as
he went on: “But it is no matter; my farm is enough for me. If there
were no men with farms, who would pay for the flute and the
instrument and the wise beggar and the rest? Ah! who would feed
them?”
“None,” said I, “you are quite right.” So we went quickly forward for
a long time under the darkness, saying nothing more until a thought
moved him. “My father was rich,” he said, “but I am far richer than
my father.”
It was cold, and I remembered what a terrible way I had to go that
night—twenty miles or more through this empty land of Africa. So I
was shivering as I answered: “Your father did well in his day, and
through him you are rich. It says, ‘Revere your father: God is not
more to you.’” He answered: “You speak sensibly; I have sons.” Then
for some time more we rode along upon the high wheels.
But in a few minutes the lights of a low steading appeared far off
under poplar-trees, and as he waved his hand towards it he said:
“That is my farm.” “Blessed be your farm,” said I, “and all who dwell
in it.” To this he made the astonishing reply: “God will give it to you; I
have none.” “What is that you say?” I asked him in amazement. He
repeated the phrase, and then I saw that it was a form, and that it
was of no importance whether I understood it or not. But I
understood the next thing which he said as he stopped at his gates,
which was: “Here, then, you get out.” I asked him what I should pay
for the service, and he replied: “What you will. Nothing at all.” So I
gave him a franc, which was all I had in silver. He took it with a
magnificent salutation, saying as he did so: “I can accept nothing
from you,” which, I take it, was again a form. Then the night
swallowed him up, and I shall never see him again till that Great Day
in which we both believed but of which neither of us could know
anything at all.
We were born, I cannot tell how many leagues apart, in different

climates and for different destinies, but we were two men together in
the night, and, for a short time, we were very near each other
compared with the distance of the stars, or with the distance that
separates any two philosophers.
Many who read this will say they know the The Goat-Story
Mohammedan better than I. They will be right: Again

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Microeconomics An Intuitive Approach with Calculus 2nd

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Is the function graphed below one-to-one?

Function is its own inverse.

Find the inverse of the function.

16) f(x) = x3 - 4 16)

18) f(x) = x + 8, x ≥ -8 18)

19) f(x) = x - 6, x ≥ 0 19)

20) f(x) = x - 4, x ≥ 4 20)

22) f(x) = x-6 22)

C) f-1 (x) = (x - 6)2 D) Not a one-to-one function

23) f(x) = (x - 1)2 , x ≥ 1 23)

26) f(x) = x3 - 4 26)

27) f(x) = x - 3 27)

29) f(x) = (8x - 1)3 29)

30) f(x) = x6 + 5, x ≥ 0 30)

Find the value of df-1/dx at x = f(a).

34) f(x) = 5x2, x ≥ 0, a = 5 34)

36) f(x) = x2 - 3x + 3; a = 3 36)

Find the formula for df-1 /dx.

39) f(x) = (8 - x)3 39)

40) f(x) = x11/7 40)

Provide an appropriate response.

44) If f(x) is one-to-one, is g(x) = f(-x) also one-to-one? Explain. 44)

Express the following logarithm as specified.

48) ln 27 in terms of ln 3 48)

49) ln 4.5 in terms of ln 3 and ln 2 49)

51) ln 7 7 in terms of ln 5 and ln 7 51)

52) ln 36 in terms of ln 2 and ln 3 52)

Express as a single logarithm and, if possible, simplify.

58) ln (3 sec θ) + ln (4 cos θ) 58)

59) ln (32x + 16) - 2 ln 4 59)

62) y = ln 4x2 62)

68) y = ln (cos (ln θ)) 68)

Evaluate the integral.

79) ∫ sec x tan x

Use logarithmic differentiation to find the derivative of y.

82) y = sin x 5x + 8 82)

84) y = (x4 + 1)3(x - 1)5 x2 84)

x(x + 1) 1 1 3x2 1 4 x(x + 1) 1 1 3x2

1 5 (5x + 1)(x + 3)2 5 2 4x3 1

sin x cos3 x sec x

sin x cos3 x sec x 1 1

sin x cos3 x sec x 1

sin x cos3 x sec x 1

Solve the problem.

91) Find the area bounded by xy = 7, x = 3, x = 4, and y = 0. 91)

101) 100e9t = 600 101)

103) e(ln 0.2)t = 0.7 103)

105) ex2 e5x+6 = et 105)

Find the derivative of y with respect to x, t, or θ, as appropriate.

107) y = e(2 x + x6 ) 107)