MONERA

Sumit Bohara (BSB)

Institute of Medicine
Term bacteria: Ehrenberg
Father of bacteriology: Robert
Koch
Father of microbiology: Louis
Pasteur, proposed germ theory of
disease
Father of antiseptic surgery:
Joseph Lister
Smallest bacteria – dialister
pneumosites
Largest bacteria- bacillus
butschilli
 Unicellular organisms
Contain 70S ribosomes
Naked DNA
Lack membrane bound cell
General organelles like mitochondria,
Characteristics lysosomes, plastids, Golgi bodies,
endoplasmic reticulum.
Cell wall is rigid and made up of
peptidoglycan.
 Mesosome present.
Flagella present or absent
General
Characteristics Pilli present or absent.
 Found in all habitat on earth
such as:
Bottom of oceans
Habitat Below iceberg
Hot spring
Inside and outside the bodies of
organism
 Most primitive group of organism
Found in most harsh condition
Archaebacteria Peptidoglycan is absent in cell wall
(ancient living instead of it cell wall contain non
fossil) cellulosic polysaccharide
Some methanogen contain
pseudomurein
Tolerance to extreme condition due to
branched lipid chain in the cell
membrane
 Similarities Histone protein present
of
archaebacteria DNA replication, transcription and
translation
with
eukaryotic cell
classification of
Archaebacteria
Shape of
Bacteria
 Outermost rigid protective covering
of the cell which is made up of
Cell wall
peptidoglycan or murein.
 On the basis of cell wall structure
Gram and staining ability with Gram’s
Positive
vs stains, bacteria are classified into
Gram following two types:
Negative
bacteria 1. Gram positive

2. Gram negative
Cell
membrane  made up of lipo-protein.
 Important cytoplasmic bodies
present in cytoplasm are:
1. Gas vacuoles: Present in
aquatic bacteria that help in
floatation.
2. Reserve food materials:
Glycogen, lipids, proteins, etc.
Cytoplasm 3. Thylakoids (or lamellae):
Present in photosynthetic
bacteria and are embedded in
the cytoplasm. They contain
photosynthetic pigments.
4. Ribosomes: 70s (50s + 30s) type
and are scattered in cytoplasm.
They help in protein synthesis.
  Bacteria cell lacks true nucleus.
Incipient  Lacks nuclear membrane,
nucleus or nucleoplasm and nucleolus.
nuclear  Contains double stranded
body circular DNA molecule without
histone protein.
  They are fine, short straight rigid
hair like protoplasmic outgrowths
Sex pilli or Made up of protein called pillin
fimbriae Help in attachment as well as
formation of conjugation tube
during conjugation.
 They are long hair-like
protoplasmic threads
 Found in bacillus and helical
type bacteria
 Absent in coccus type
Flagella
 Made up of flagellin protein.
 made up of 3 parts: filament,
hook and basal body
Help in locomotion and
movement
Classification
on
the basis of
flagella
  Conjugation
Sexual  Discovered by Lederberg and
Tatum.
reproduction
E.coli
 Cell to cell union, direct contact
occurs between two bacterial cell
and genetic material of one
bacterial cell goes to another cell
through conjugation tube which is
formed by sex pili
Conjugation
 In this process one bacterial cell
goes to another by the agency
virus
Transduction Discovered by Zinder and
Lederberg
In salmonella.
Transduction
  Studied by Griffith on
Transformation diplococcus pneumonia , hence
known as Griffith effect
 Pleuromorphic.
Cell wall absent.
Mycoplasma Joker of plant kingdom.
Smallest living organism.
DNA is linear.
Mycoplasma
 Little leaf of brinjal.
Mycoplasma
Bunchy top of papaya.
diseases