ESSENCE OF FOLDABLE POCKET T SQUARE FOR (FCM) FURNITURE AND

CABINET MAKING AND (IDT) INTERIOR DESIGN TECHNOLOGY

STUDENT IN (CTU) CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL

UNIVERSITY MAIN CAMPUS 2024

RESEARCHER:

BERDON , TRECIA ALTHEA F.

CASQUEJO, MARY FLOR O.

CABAJAR, JOHN CYRIL

DINGLASAN, HELARIE

GILIG, KURT INIGO T.

APRIL 2024
 APPROVAL SHEET

This undergraduate research entitled “ ESSENCE OF FOLDABLE POCKET T

SQUARE FOR (FCM) FURNITURE AND CABINET MAKING AND (IDT) INTERIOR

DESIGN TECHNOLOGY STUDENT IN (CTU) CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

MAIN CAMPUS 2024” is prepared and submitted by Mary Flor Casquejo, Trecia Berdon, Cyril

Cabajar, Helarie Dinglasan, and Kurt Gilig has been thoroughly and repeatedly reviewed by the

undersigned and is hereby recommended for approval and acceptance.

Fe Loreza Carbonero , MTE Junrey C. Pepito, MTE

Former adviser IDT major Professor

Concordio Coliao, PhD

FCM adviser
 ACKNOWLEGEMENT

First of all, the researchers would like to thank the almighty GOD for the grace,

guidance, wisdom, idea and protection that God has bestowed upon the researcher on making

and conducting this research.

The researchers would also like to express a heartfelt gratitude to the RESEARCH

COORDINATOR, like teachers and other professor who helped a lot in giving motivation and

encouragement to the researcher to make this study more accurate and relevant.

The researchers would also like to thank the (IDT) Interior Design Technology, (DT)

Drafting Technology, and (FCM) Furniture and Cabinet Making students for the participation

and cooperation throughout this research paper.

Also, the researcher would like to thank the MAJOR INSTRUCTORS for giving

advices, critics and suggestions that gives the researcher an insights and ideas that helped in

making and conducting this research.

To the all the PARENTS of the researcher who support for the study to make it doable,

convenience and harmonious making.

 ABSTRACT

This research study aims to determine and analyzes the essence or importance of

Foldable Pocket T-square in a certain student or specific field such as, (FCM) Furniture and

Cabinet Making, (IDT) Interior Design Technology and perhaps also the (DT) Drafting

Technology for the less of inconvenience when using and bringing a T-square in school or any

public areas. This study used the method of experimental quantitative approach with the used of

survey questionnaires using google forms that is answered online to minimize the inconvenience

of the student as a data gathering tool given to the IDT, FCM and DT student as a respondent.

The findings or outcome of this research is to lessen the hassle of the students specially the

Furniture and Cabinet Making, Drafting Technology, and Interior design technology in handling

or bringing the T-square on the class. Action plan for the status of final product. Intervention plan

for the challenge encountered and recommendation for implementation.

 TABLE OF CONTENT

INTRODUCTORY SECTION
 Title Page
 Approval Sheet
 Acknowledgement
 Abstract
 Table of content
 List of Tables
 List of Figures

CHAPTER I
Introduction
 Review of Related Literature
 Key Words
 Rationale of the Study
 Theoretical Background
 Statement of the Problem
 Significance of the Study
 Research Methodology
Research design
Research Environment
Research Subject / Participants/ Respondents
Research Instruments
Research Procedures
o Gathering of Data
o Treatment of Data
 Definition of terms

CHAPTER II
 Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data
 Making of tables/ graphs
o Tabular or Graphical Presentation
Adding an introduction
Writing the interpretation and analysis

CHAPTER III
 Summary of Findings
 Conclusion
 Recommendations

References ( Bibliography)
Appendices
Researcher’s Curriculum Vitae
Documentation
 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE

1 The number of respondents

2 The profile of respondents in terms of age

3 Common Problem encountered of student in T Square in terms of Transportation

4 Common Problem encountered of student in T Square in terms of Measurement

5 Common Problem encountered of student in T Square in terms of Storing

6 Common Problem encountered of student in T Square in terms of Organizing

7 Effects of T Square in terms of Putting different features

( foldable, magnet, joinery, etc.)

8 Effects of T Square in terms of Making it smaller and pocket size

9 Effects of T Square in terms of its Functionality

 LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE

1 Location of (CTU) Cebu Technological University

2 Day 1 Survey Documentation (DT)

3 Day 2 Survey Documentation (IDT)

4 Day 3 Survey Documentation (FCM)

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

In the competent world of design and technology education, students pursuing courses

like Furniture and Cabinet Making (FCM) and Interior Design and Technology (IDT) at Cebu

Technological University Main Campus is always a challenged especially in adapting an

innovative thing that enhance their experience in learning. As the year 2024 begin, a creative

idea has come to address uniquely the needs of these problem which this research study is aiming

and it is the Foldable Pocket T-Square.

This study is digging the essence of the Foldable Pocket T-Square, if it really gives the

needs and can transform the life of the FCM and IDT as students. Giving the reason why a

Foldable Pocket T-Square has become an important buddy of the said students. Also, this

research study wants to give a deeper knowledge of why the Foldable Pocket T-Square has

become an important thing for FCM and IDT students at CTU Main Campus in 2024. By

unwrapping the truth if this Foldable Pocket T-Square as researcher tests its durability and

functionality if it could not only do its purpose but at the same time has the ability to be easily

be used and carry.

In conclusion this research paper introduces a new and different design for a more

portable and pocket size T-square. It aims to enhance the convenience of space and portability of

our daily tools in everyday projects, drafting, crafting, designing and for a precise measurement.

This research paper courses on the Essence of Foldable Pocket T-square for FCM and IDT

Student in Cebu Technological University Main Campus 2024

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Enhancing the idea of t Square is very crucial as it not just help the user of it but to a lot

of people using it for their more productive and convenience way as long as it will model

correctly. According to the study of Jan Kacey Alib of Garcia college of technology in Kalibo,

Aklan. “When much hatching is to be done there is always a tendency to move

the T-square and at the same time to manipulate the triangle and the ruling pen.

The study of Magnetic T-square by William Francis Grotzinger, Pilot Gove (1911), to

eliminate this trouble, the study took two small electron-magnets out of an old door bell,

and fastened one on each end of the T-square, taking care to get the magnet cores on a line with

the edge of the head. Then a piece of thin iron band was fastened to the edge of the

drawing board with several small screws. The magnets were connected in series with

a battery and switch.” (studocu.com, Jan Kacey Alib, Stud & Tube Coupling T Square books, v.

2 p. 7, April 2022)

Another study also has made the t square more develop in mass functionality according to

Eugene James Towne, “T square can be Improve in Parallel Rulers has a wooden handle attached

by a large brass thumbscrew to a brass protractor that is divided to single degrees and numbered

by tens in both directions from10 to 170. The protractor is screwed to a rectangular brass piece

that slides in a groove in a rectangular wooden guide-piece. The guide-piece has brass clamps

and thumbscrews for affixing the instrument on a table. The protractor is also attacked by a split

nut to a metal screw shaft that runs the width of the instrument. A thumb rest and a gear on the
left clamp rotates the screw shaft.” (studocu.com, Eugene J.T, Parallel Ruler book, V. 2 p. 8,

North Dana, Mass, 1847- 1900)

Jr Byron G Spear also created one of a unique t square which he titled Collapsible T

square because of the same given problem that a person or student encountered in carrying a t

square especially the normal one, as he says, “An object of my invention is to provide a T-square

which can be collapsed to a minimum size whereas such T-square can be conveniently carried in

such reduced size either in a small compartment, briefcase, or otherwise.” (Patents. Google.com,

Jr Byron G. Spear, Collapsible T-square, Sioux City, Iowa Application February 11, 1953, Serial

No. 336,224)

Study of Roque, Drew Lance T and his team also show the importance of this

development for the IDT, FCM, and DT student. Because according to them, “The improvised T-

Square is way more convenient to bring, in terms of quality, Improvised T-Square will last longer

and in functionality. As T-square is a tool mostly used in drafting or in technical drawing. It is a

T-shaped instrument, T-square is used for establishing a horizontal reference on the drafting

board. The tool contains a long ruler with a 90-degree angle straight-edged head. T-squares are

made of either wood or acrylic plastic, and most are between 45cmand 105cm in length. In

drafting equipment, one of the tools often used is the T-square. Along with the triangle, protractor

and compass.” (scribd.com/document/641794331/untitled, Anthony Sazon Tolentino,

DEVELOPMENT OF AN IMPROVISEDFOLDABLE T-SQUARE, v.1 p. 10, April 30, 2023)

 Another study also said that t square could be more beneficial if added more template.

According Gia Sarah, “traditional T-square with the added benefit of a template. It is helpful for

all drafting, architecture, and engineering students for the reason that this drafting tool is

essential for these courses and it is a two-in-one drawing instrument. It has a feature of drawing

templates and it is also a foldable T-square. This technical tool was used to make straight lines; it

may be vertical or horizontal lines. In addition, this template can be used to make curve lines,

circles, squares, and rectangles on their drawing paper.” (scribd.com/doc., Gia Sarah Bandola,

Final Foldable T Square with Template Edited, v.1 p. 43, Jun 08, 2023)

According to study of Yang (2018), it proves that the multifunctional ruler has the

advantages that the operation is simple and feasible, the cost in low, and the drawing operation

difficulty caused by the fact that during use, one side of a similar current angle ruler cannot be in

contact with a piece of paper is solved. The invention discloses a drafting ruler that includes a

straight ruler, a parallel ruler and a protractor, and the straight ruler includes a groove with a

scale at the middle and an arc fixing groove using an end of the groove as the center. (Yang,

2018. Folding rule - Google Patents. Retrieved from Google.com website:

https://patents.google.com/patent/US20150033569A1/en)
 Folding Ruler According to Gampper (2021), the invention relates to a folding rule with

several elongated, flat scale members which can be pivoted relative to one another at joints and

which each have a latching mechanism in their parallel positions that latch with one another in

pairs. As a result, the output was the innovation . The joints each have one through aligned joint

bores on neighboring scale links. It is made of wood, which can be pivoted against one another at

joints and each interlocked in pairs via a locking mechanism in their parallel positions, the joints

each reaching through one through aligned joint bores. (Gampper,2021 Folding Ruler - Google

Patents.RetrievedfromGoogle.comwebsitehttps://patents.google.com/patent/

DE102007010799B4/en)

According to the studies of Han (2017), there are beneficial effects of multifunctional

ruler. It is simple in structure, easy to operate, can reduce effectively and avoid that the

incomplete measurement that causes of instrument is inaccurate, drawing efficiency is low and

ropy problem, and it is little to take up room after folding, is convenient to deposit and carry. It

was related to the researcher project in which the ruler can be folded. ( Han, 2017

Multifunctional ruler - Google

Patents.RetrievedfromGoogle.comwebsite:https://patents.google.com/patent/CN202399760U/en)

The study also of Sheena Asley B. Manarang said that “Foldable Ruler Ruler and set

square all are the stationery of the daily frequent use of people, and ruler is used for measuring

length, and set square is used for the picture angle, yet it is very inconvenient to carry so multiple

rulers simultaneously, if can bring more facility will for people's life both combinations.”

(https://pdfcoffee.com/final-paper-23-pdf-free.html,Sheena Ashly B. Manarang, Roda B.

Villamor a, Ram Cedric C. BDT - 3A, FOLDABLE T-SQUARE WITH TEMPLATES, v.1 p.8,

May 2023)

Accordingly, a primary object of the present invention is to provide an adjustable T-

square by which the longitudinal and angular positions of the blade and cross member can be

easily and accurately adjusted. Another object of the present invention is to provide an adjustable

T-square of rugged construction which is simple and inexpensive to manufacture. “The

foregoing objects are basically attained by an adjustable T-square comprising an elongated blade

and an elongated cross member coupled to the blade. The elongated blade has a longitudinal axis

and linear measurement indicia on one of its surfaces. Also has a longitudinal axis, and has top

and bottom.” (https://www.freepatentsonline.com/4525933.html, Patterson, Richard

M,.Hendersonville, NC, v.3 p. 3, 07/02/1985)

Other study also states that adding some feathers of T Square can give more advantages

and embodiment. “ According to a feature of the invention, there is the production of a partial

pressure drop between the feed gas and the product surface so that a part of the surface moisture

is removed from the product. The released heat quantity based upon the cooling of the feed gas

within the tube length serves for the surface drying of the product and thus the reduction of its

adhesiveness. This effect is further improved by construction according to other features of the

invention whereby the heat quantity which is freed via the pre-heated feed gas stream is

additionally used for drying the product surface. The temperature of the feed gas stream and its

total quantity can be controlled.” (https://www.freepatentsonline.com/4525934.html, Hess,

Dieter, Method and apparatus, v.1 p. 2, 07/02/1985)

 Others research study also shows the essence of having different kind of features of a T

Square like the AMA researchers, Wyeth Blando and the team as they said in their study “This

study will benefit the students by providing a multi-purpose drawing tool. It primarily aims to

help the students to lessen the tool they bring at school, to create plans without inconvenience,

and to produce a technical drawing instrument that could contribute to the society. The Foldable

T-Square with Templates combines portability, convenience, and precision in one tool. Its

foldable design allows for easy storage, transport and making it ideal for students, professionals,

and designers.” (https://www.coursehero.com/file/44183092/Chapter-1-4-donedocx/, Wyeth

Blando, Magnetized Detachable T-square, v. 5 p.5, March 2019)

contemplates the provision

of a T-square which can
be
conveniently collapsed either by
detaching sections thereof or
by folding the same to a
minimum space so that unduly
long T-
squares can thereby be
rendered as compact as
possible.
Study of Byron G. Spear, Jr. also, contemplates the provision of a T-square which can be

conveniently collapsed either by detaching sections thereof orby folding the same to a minimum

space so that unduly long T-squares can thereby be rendered as compact as possible.

(https://www.studocu.com/ph, Byron G. Spear, Jr., T-square construction, Sioux City, 1953)

It second the motion on Patterson study. That state, “An adjustable T-square comprising

an elongated with measuring indicia on its top surface and an elongated cross member having

angular measurement indicia on its top surface. The blade and cross member are coupled

together to provide precise relative perpendicular positioning, relative movement of the cross

member along the longitude axis of the blade while maintaining the perpendicular relationship,

and relative angular adjustment.” (https://www.studocu.com/, Richard M. Patterson, Adjustable T

Square, Hendersonville, NC, v.1 p.1, 1966)

Plus, the study of another adjustable T Square of Mr. Alfred of North. His study state

that, “An adjustable T-square comprising a head flat on one side, with one edge straight and the
other semicircular but terminated by straight portions perpendicular to said straight edge, a blade

associated with said head for completing the T-square, the blade having its side edges beveled

and carrying length graduations adapting it to function as a ruler.” (https://www.studocu.com/ph,

Alfred W. Siber Kearny, NJ, v.1 p.1, 1966)

Which is related to the study of Huge Francis as they study the combination of folding

Plump in a T Square. Based on his study, “combination Folding Plumb, Rule and Level is to

provide a tool that is particularly adapted for the use of masons in laying masonry. Therefore,

they have been guided in work of this kind by means of a plumb and level, two large and clumsy

instruments, and they have also used a third instrument-namely, a rule. These three in one

together.” (https://www.studocu.com/ph, Hugh Francis White, Combination Folding Plumb, v.1

p. 1, Brooklyn, 1903)

According to the English or American Historian, “the draftsmen use T-squares

during the17th century to help them draw straight lines. The instrument was also used in

conjunction with a set square or triangle to draw vertical and diagonal lines. Its name originated

from being identical with the letter “T”. The said instrument contains a wooden handle attached

to a brass protractor which is divided into single degrees and both directions are numbered from

10 to 170.” (https://www.scribd.com/, American History, Massachusetts Patent, v.1 p. 10, 2019)

One study said that regular Fixed Head T-square, Long Fixed Head T-square, English T-

square and etc. cam also be embodied with stainless medium. “The Stainless-Steel T-Square –

These T-Squares have a stainless-steel blade for accurate line drawing and cutting, a single hole
for hanging and a plastic blue head. The blade features graduated inch markings in 16ths and

32nds on one side and centimeter marking son the other. The study/product aims to make T-

square/s a lot more convenient for everyone, or in short, hassle free” ( https://www.scribd.com/,

Britannica, Stainless Steel T Square, v.1 p. 1, 2015)

According to Yangzhou University, “The T-square of people's use now is made up of

master, chi head, and the chi head vertically is connected the front end of blade, and the length

scale is set on blade. People can only draw horizontal line by T-square, also should cooperate

with set square and could draw the oblique line that some have special angle. In a word, this T-

square purposes is very limited, and is unfavorable for field studies, as carries out ancient

building when mapping, also should match with calculator, otherwise, cannot realize ancient chis

of different dynasties and the conversion of metric unit now” (https://patents.google.com/,

Yangzhou University, Multifunction T Square, v.2 p 2, March 3, 2005)

According also to the articles of cyberleninka T Square can be modified because base on

their study, “It is recommended that the device be adopted for use in construction technology

provides a valuable insight ingo the acceptability of the modified T Square device for

construction technology highlights the importance of evaluating new technologies in the field”

(https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n, Redjie D. Arcadio, Accessing the Feasibility and Acceptability

of a modified T- Square device for construction technology, v.4 p.6, June 2023)

KEY WORDS:
 Essence of foldable T Square, T Square features, interior design technology, furniture and

cabinet making, drafting technology, acceptability, effectiveness, functionality, survey research,

experiment.

RATIONALE OF THE STUDY

 Now a days, students tend to bring every necessary material in school especially the FCM

and IDT Students in Cebu Technological University Main Campus. One of those tools that often

needed in times of activities is, T-square. Although it is needed, students can’t bring this tool to

school because of its need for space. We heard a lot of solutions to this issue but most of those

solutions tend to be smaller enough for it to fit inside a bag, not smaller enough for it to fit inside

a pocket. This research courses on the idea of creating a new and innovative design that functions

normally, sturdily, and precisely similar to the traditional T-square.

The common nature of this T-square is its length of 18”, 24” to 74” inches in measurements.

It is use to draft and create an accurate line for the FCM and IDT Students task. T-square must

have a straight and smooth side so that when students use this tool, it could create a clean and

smooth line. It is a tool for professional and technical drawing courses, essential to those students

that require a tool with a sturdy, accurate and clean horizontal and vertical lines.

In the Cebu Technological University, Furniture making, Drafting and Interior Designing

uses T-square more often that other courses offered in the University. This study focuses on

finding a way for students to carry T-square to school without the need for a bigger space. This

paper benefits towards the FCM, Drafting and Interior Design courses in minimizing the space

consumption and help them carry more tools for convenience.

THEORITICAL BACKGROUND
 This study is anchored to the ideas, inventions and study namely; Collapsible T-square by Jr

Byron G. Spear, Foldable T-square by Gia Sarah Bandola and Stud and Tube Coupling T-square

by the Garcia College of Technology.

Creations starts with the idea of simply solving a problem. In this study, the foldable pocket

size T-square is another idea to an invention similar to J r Byron G. Spear’s creation named The

Collapsible T-square. What the inventor had in mind is design to be collapsible and convenient

to carry. As this research studies the property of minimizing space consumption using the

invention of what Jr Byron G. Spear wrote that his invention contemplates the provision of a T-

square which can be conveniently collapsed either by detaching sections or by folding the same

to a minimum space. Connected by the inventors writing, the idea of creating a section and

folding the T-square can minimize space and realize the invention to carry it inside the pockets

of student courses FCM and IDT students.

As the title of this research is the essence of foldable pocket T-square, related to the research

study by Gia Sarah Bandola named Foldable T-square. This research study differs in design

specification as its design to fit in bags not in pockets. This study relates to minimize the need

for bigger space and for a much easier portability in tools. The study of Foldable T-square is

made with multifunctional purposes implementing the idea of having T-square and Templates as

its product. As for the research study of the essence of foldable pocket T-square focuses on

portability and the original look of T-square with the goal of minimizing the tool to a much

smaller size to fit in a pocket.

 Materials are important when it comes to a lightweight travel to the school. Related to the

study of Stud and Tube Coupling T-square using Lego bricks as a material. The idea of light

materials like wood relates to the research study as for the consideration of creating a design that

can be carried easily and lightly. When constructing a product, it is important for it to have

descriptions regarding materials, sizes and construction.

The concept of this study is to create a design combined with the ideas, inventions and

studies that can invent a new product for reducing space use and a foldable type of tool. this

following study, ideas and invention supports the concept of creating the best and portable T-

square that can easily fit inside a pocket. As students now a days, prefer portability and

comfortable tools that professional courses needed in daily activities.

In conclusion, from the study of foldable T-square, the invention of collapsible T-square and

the Stud and Tube Coupling T-square, this supported the ideas and design this research paper

offers to benefit of students, teachers, professional and future researchers.

STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM:

This study aims to identify the key elements of creating a foldable pocket T-square for

FCM and IDT Students in Cebu technological University Main Campus 2024. The outcome of

this research study will serve as basis for making an action plan.

Specifically, it answered the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of;

1.1 Age,

1.2 Gender,

1.3 Civil Status,

1.4 Course

1.5 School year?

2. What is the common problem encountered of student in T Square in terms of:

2.1 Transportation

2.2 Measurement

2.3 Storing and,

2.4 Organizing?

3. What is the effect of T Square in terms of;

3.1 Putting different features ( foldable, magnet, joinery, etc)

3.2 Making it smaller and pocket size

3.3 Functionality?
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study aims to provide a design, information, and knowledge regarding the structure

and function of the research study. It is conducted to know the possible design and improvement

of existing study, inventions and ideas created and written.

The outcome of the study is relevant to the following:

Students - The study provides relevant information, ideas and knowledge that can help them

create a new innovative design for school and house purposes namely for precise measurements

and functional ideas.

Teachers- This study can be used as a relevant information to help students understand the

function ability and construction process of products and innovative designs. This can be used as

a purpose for learning materials and a reference to possible ideas.

Architectural Field - It will provide this field a relevant information of designing tools and

product for the use of daily task. It can also be a reference to the essence of creating a T-square

as a product for daily used.

Engineering Field - This study is relevant to this field as a connection to structural planning and

information to construction and functions of ideas.

Drafting Field - This study provides relevant design for tools and construction that can be used

to drafting technical materials and ideas. It can be used as a reference towards ideas and concept

of foldability, strength and foundation of creating products and designs.

Future Researchers- This study can be used as a reference to similar designs and structuring of

T-square. The ideas presented can also be used as a guide, inspiration and knowledge for future

researchers to use for materials and structural planning.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
 This page explains various methodology that were used in gathering data and analysis that

are relevant to the research. The study investigates if Pocket Foldable T square really can help

the FCM, IDT and other related field in solving their problem in bringing the T square easily

without having trouble in transportation. Also, it investigates the impact and essence of having a

Pocket Foldable T square to the IDT and FCM student. As they were the main respondent of this

study .

By achieving it the researcher used experimental method gathered by controlling and

manipulating variables. The researcher used this kind of method because aside that it is more

convenient to the researcher it also can give much accurate result without having any biases and

the best way to answer the research question. For quantitative experimental method or study

produce generalizable knowledge about the cause of the said problem. In collecting the data, the

researcher used the experimental method. Researcher gathered first all the tools and materials

needed in conducting the experiment. The tool used were mini hacksaw, mini butterfly hinges,

screw driver, C-Clamp and chisels. After then the researcher does the trial-and-error procedure

to get the ideal type of Pocket Foldable T Square. The researcher then creates consent to get

participants by random sampling and recruit them to test the quality of the said product.

The researcher then processes and analyze the data through statistical test contrasting two

different T square. The ordinary T square and the pocket foldable T square. In this case, it

justifies the experimental method being suitable best for this study. Which could not give in any

other method. As it gives more relevance, valid and reliable data.

Research Design
 This study used experimental research design method that investigates the essence of

foldable pocket T square on BIT Furniture Design Technology and BIT Interior Design

Technology students in Cebu Technological University Main Campus, where data is collected

from students at one point in time. As it gives more valid and reliable design method for this

study.

Research Environment

The local of this study is in Cebu Technological University Main Campus which is located

in M. J Cuenco Avenue Cor. Palma Street, Cebu City. It is a premier university where

engineering field is first emphasizes. Cebu Technological University has 24 campuses, including

its extension campuses. It has 17 graduate degree programs and over 45 undergraduate degree

programs. There are over 800 faculty and 46, 000 students. The flagship programs vary per

campus.

Figure 1: Location of (CTU) CEBU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

Research Respondent

The main subject of the study is composed of two major courses, the Furniture and Cabinet

Making Student and the Interior Design Technology student. But it did not end there because it

also includes other related fields of study such as drafting. Overall computation of samples size

is 30. Divided in three parts by 10 samples. 10 sample for FCM student , 10 samples for IDT

student and another 10 for other related field courses specifically the drafting. Total of 30 sample

sizes.

Table 1
The table below show the number of respondents participated in the study

Respondents Numbers Percentage

1. BIT-IDT 10 10%

2. BIT-FCM 10 10%

3. BIT-DT 10 10%

Total: 30 30%

Research Instrument

Instruments use in this research study is a survey questionnaire made by the researcher.

Part of the questionnaire is the consideration and importance of having a pocket foldable T

square inside the student bags and materials. This research used random sampling procedure in

which the researcher choice the top three courses namely as FCM, IDT and DT. Through it the

researcher gets 30 total of respondent dividing it to 3 for the three courses which gives the

researcher a total of 10 respondent for each of the courses. The researcher chooses this three
major course for these courses are the one who uses the most of a T Square in their study in the

said university.

RESEARCH PROCEDURES

Gathering of Data

The data is gathered starting from identifying the problem, planning and making

the product first. Then recruiting a participant to test the product which is the Pocket Foldable T

Square quality and functionality by giving them a consent letter to participate. Then giving the

respondent an online survey questionnaire after for the convenient of the respondent time. And

the questionnaire or survey serve by the intended respondent was made by the effort of the

researcher as the researcher allotted a lot of time to made it.

Treatment of Data

Treatment of Data is very important to use the data gathered in the right forms and ways

especially when using and experiment method. In this study it used Graphical analysis

techniques to analyze the data Fastly but clearly and concise. As this research used experimental

method combine with the survey to get better findings and conclusion. For graphical analysis is

easier to read, monitored and analyze. Reason why the researcher easily come up with the result

and findings.

Restrictions
 The researchers knows and aware of the limits of this study specifically the sample size,

finding generalization and the possible biases. Reason why to counter act this the researcher does

the trial and error of small experiment by its product and offer suggestion for future research.

Definition of Terms

For the reason of understanding this study better and clear the researcher gives the

definition of the following terminology used in this study.

Essence - the intrinsic nature or indispensable quality of something, especially something

abstract, that determines its character.

Convenience of space - suitable or agreeable to the needs or purpose of space or area.

Portability - he ability to be easily carried or moved.

Pocket Size - a size suitable for pockets; small

Foldable - capable of being folded (as for storage).

Collapsible - able to be folded into a small space (design to be folded flat when not being used).

Stud and Tube Coupling - a device for connecting parts of machinery.

IDT-Interior Design Technology

FCM- Furniture and Cabinet Making

CHAPTER 2

Data Presentation

This chapter contains three parts. First reveals the profile of the respondent in terms of age,

gender, civil status and their designated courses. Which show below.

Table 2
Profile of the Respondents

Age Frequency Percentage (%)

18-20 yrs. Old 10 10 %

21- 25yrs. Old 12 12 %
26- 30 yrs. Old 8 8%
Gender
Male 12 12 %
Female 18 18 %
Civil Status
Singke 30 30 %
Married 0 0%
Widowed 0 0%
Course
BIT IDT 10 10 %
BIT FCM 10 10 %
BIT DT 10 10 %

Interpretation of Data and Data Analysis

As the data gathered, the majority of respondents age between 21-25, and the age 18-20

had fewest data points with the percent of eight. In terms of gender the female has the highest
rating more than the male who got twelve (12) percent only. In civil status the table shows zero

percent of respondent which indicates that no one is married and widowed yet.

Table 3
Common problem encountered of student in T Square in terms of Transportation

Indicator Frequency Percentage (%) Rank

1. Hitting other passenger by the edge of the T 28 28 % 1
Square unintentionally

2. Finding suitable space to occupy for you with 5 5% 3

the T Square

3. Gives inconvenience with the other passenger 25 25% 2

Interpretation of Data and Data Analysis

The tables shows that majority of the respondent experience hitting the T square

unintentionally on another passenger when commuting. This depicts that’s having the normal T

square has a struggle in handing to public areas such as transportation. On the other hand,

another encounter problem of the respondent was the inconvenience with the other passenger as

the table above show the second majority of respondent experience it. And lastly is finding

suitable space was not that a problem encountered by the respondent as it shows low frequency

and percentage.
 Table 4
Common problem encountered of student in T Square in terms of Measurement

Indicator Frequency Percentage (%) Rank

1. Too small to measure 15 15 % 3

2. Too big to measure 2 2 % 4

3. Ink does smudge in measuring 29 29 % 1

4. The measurement guide is not 28 28 % 2

readable

Interpretation of Data and Data Analysis

Table 4 interprets the data about the common problem encountered of student in T Square

in terms of measurement. The table shows that most of the student or respondent of the study

encountered the difficulty in measuring cause of the smudging of ink by the T square to their

papers or work. It was followed by the problem of having difficulty to measure because of the
guide line of the T square which is not readable or the measuring line guide was erase by a long

time of usage. Another one problem is the problem that the T square is not big enough for their

big plates project. While the less problem is having a big T square which got 2 percent only.

Table 5
Common problem encountered of student in T Square in terms of Storing

Indicator Frequency Percentage Rank

(%)
1. Not easily stored in a box or tool 15 15 % 4

box

2. Can’t easily put in a bag 30 30 % 1

3 Can’t easily hides in an envelope 29 29% 2

4. Can’t easily access 28 28 % 3

Interpretation of Data and Data Analysis

Table 5 interpret data about the common problem encountered of student in T Square in

terms of storing their T Square after using it in any matter. The table shows that the most
encountered problem of the student in storing up they can’t easily put it in a bag especially when

using it inside the school premises. Followed by can’t easily hides in an envelope. Because of

that they can’t easily access it. While having problem of not easily stored in a box or tool got the

lowest difficulties encountered.

Table 6
Common problem encountered of student in T Square in terms of Organizing

Indicator Frequency Percentage (%) Rank

1. Occupy more spacing than other materials 10 10% 2

2. Gives more loopholes in arrangement 25 25 % 1

3 Too big to align with other things 6 6% 3

Interpretation of Data and Data Analysis

Table 6 interpret data about the common problem encountered of student in T Square in

terms of organizing their T with the other materials or object. In the table it shows that the

common encountered problem of student in organizing their T Square with the other materials is

that the T Square gives more loopholes or put up a big amount of space that should be save in

organizing their things in the house or any settings. Followed by occupying more spacing than
other materials which got 10 percent. And its appearance of being big to align with other things

is lesser to encounter as it only gets 6 frequencies.

Table 7
Effects of T Square in terms of Putting different features
( foldable, magnet, joinery, etc.)

Indicator Weighted Mean Descriptive Category

1. Does product 1 with hinges more 3.90 Extend

convenient to use than other?

2. Doe you prefer t square with magnet? 3.90 Extend

3. Does all product with added features 4.48 High Extend

save space and more safety to bring?

Mean Average 4.09 High Extend

Interpretation of Data and Data Analysis

The table 7 shows the effect of T Square in terms of putting it with different features like

magnet, joinery and more. The highest mean was that all product with added features save space

and more safety to bring. Which signifies that in adding more features to T Square it could help
more got save space and at the same time promotes safeness. As it got the highest rating while

having magnet or to put magnet in the T square have tie in the ratings which means that both of

them is a good feature to add in the T Square.

Table 8

Effects of T Square in terms of Making it smaller and pocket size

Indicator Weighted Mean Descriptive Category

1. Pocket T Square gives more space 4. 50 High Extend

2. Gives more convenience 3.50 Extend

3. Much lighter to bring 4.90 High Extend

4. Easily store and organize 4. 50 High Extend

Mean Average 7.83 High Extend

Interpretation of Data and Data Analysis

The table 8 interpret data about the effects of T Square in making it smaller and pocket

size. Majority and most of the respondent respond that making the T square smaller and pocket

size make it much lighter with the weight mean of 4. 50. This means that making T Square small
without loosing it capacity to measure has a good effect. While it does not assure more

convenience in the job to rest.

Table 9

Effects of T Square in terms of its Functionality

Which product did the great Weighted Mean Descriptive Category

performance?

Product 1 4. 50 High Extend

Product 2 3.50 Extend

Product 3 4.90 High Extend

Product 4 4. 50 High Extend

Final product 5.83 High Extend

Mean Average 4.646 High Extend

Interpretation of Data and Data Analysis

The table 9 interpret data about the effects of T Square in terms of functionality of the

distinguish product. The table show that the final product got the heavy density of weight. As it

depicts more respond than any other product. This mean also that the final product does much
better than the other. While product three is good also followed by the other who is high extend.

And the product 2 is need on more enhancement as it got a lighter weight mean.

CHAPTER 3

SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusion, recommendation of the study.

Summary

This study investigates the essence of having a foldable pocket T Square, specifically

answering the following questions: what is the profile of the respondents’ demographic profile in

terms of age, gender, civil status, and course? as well as the common problem encountered of

student in T Square in terms of Transportation, Measurement, Storing, and Organizing? And the

effects of T Square in terms of putting different features, Making it smaller and pocket size and

its functionality? Determining the positive and negative impact of foldable T Square. To be view

the reliable source of information. This study used a descriptive approach, with a survey

questionnaire serve as the data collecting tool. The quantitative experimental method is used to

determine the essence of foldable pocket T Square in CTU. With appropriate interpretation for
the findings can be used to develop an action and intervention plan for improvement of the said

product specifically T Square.

All in all, foldable pocket-sized T-squares offer a blend of portability and precision,

making them a valuable tool for professionals and students alike. Ongoing innovations and user

feedback continue to shape their development, ensuring these tools meet the evolving needs of

their users.

Conclusion

Foldable pocket-sized T-squares represent a significant advancement in drafting and

measurement tools, merging the critical need for precision with the convenience of portability.

Research and user feedback underscore their value in various professional fields, particularly for

those requiring on-the-go accuracy. The meticulous design and durable construction of these

tools ensure they meet the high standards necessary for professional use, while innovations in

materials and mechanisms continue to enhance their functionality.

As the market evolves, foldable T-squares are becoming more sophisticated, incorporating

features that improve usability and environmental sustainability. Despite the challenges of

maintaining rigidity and precision in a compact, foldable format, ongoing improvements and

user-centric designs are addressing these concerns effectively. Consequently, foldable pocket-
sized T-squares are establishing themselves as indispensable tools for architects, engineers,

designers, and students, offering a practical solution without compromising on performance.

Recommendations

Based on the findings from the study of the essence of foldable pocket T-squares,

involving the testing of five prototype products by 30 students, several recommendations can be

made to further refine and develop these tools:

Enhance Hinge Stability:

Future research should focus on improving the locking mechanisms of foldable T-squares to

ensure stability and precision during use. Testing different types of hinges and locking systems,

such as magnetic locks or reinforced hinges, could provide insights into the most effective

designs.

Material Optimization:

Investigate the use of advanced materials that offer a balance between durability and weight.

While metal prototypes were preferred for their durability, the inclusion of lightweight, high-
strength materials like carbon fiber or reinforced polymers could improve portability without

compromising strength.

User-Centric Design Improvements:

Conduct further studies involving a larger and more diverse sample of users to gather

comprehensive feedback on ergonomic design, ease of use, and additional features. Iterative

prototyping based on this feedback can lead to design enhancements that better meet user needs.

Precision Measurement Verification:

Implement more rigorous testing protocols to verify the accuracy and precision of foldable T-

squares. This could involve comparative studies with non-foldable T-squares under various

conditions to ensure that foldable versions meet industry standards.

Environmental Impact and Sustainability:

Research sustainable manufacturing processes and the use of eco-friendly materials.

Understanding the environmental impact of production and seeking ways to minimize it will be

increasingly important as consumer demand for sustainable products grows.

Cost-Benefit Analysis:

Conduct a cost-benefit analysis to understand the economic feasibility of producing high-quality

foldable T-squares. This analysis should consider manufacturing costs, market pricing, and

potential demand to ensure that the product is financially viable.

Educational Outreach and Training:

Develop educational materials and training programs to familiarize students and professionals

with the use of foldable T-squares. Ensuring that users are well-informed about the tool’s features

and proper usage techniques can enhance their overall experience and satisfaction.

By addressing these recommendations, future research can contribute to the development

of foldable pocket T-squares that not only meet the needs of users but also push the

boundaries of innovation in drafting and measuring tools.

REFERENCE

Source Internet

Studocu.com, Jan Kacey Alib, Stud & Tube Coupling T Square books, v. 2 p. 7, April 2022

Studocu.com, Eugene J.T, Parallel Ruler book, V. 2 p. 8, North Dana, Mass, 1847- 1900

Patents. Google.com, Jr Byron G. Spear, Collapsible T-square, Sioux City, Iowa Application

February 11, 1953, Serial No. 336,224

Scribd.com/document/641794331/untitled, Anthony Sazon Tolentino, DEVELOPMENT OF AN

IMPROVISEDFOLDABLE T-SQUARE, v.1 p. 10, April 30, 2023)

Scribd.com/doc., Gia Sarah Bandola, Final Foldable T Square with Template Edited, v.1 p. 43,

Jun 08, 2023

Yang, 2018. Folding rule - Google Patents. Retrieved from Google.com website:

https://patents.google.com/patent/US20150033569A1/en

Gampper (2021) Folding Ruler - Google Patents. Retrieved from Google.com website:

https://patents.google.com/patent/DE102007010799B4/en

Han, 2017 Multifunctional ruler - Google

Patents.RetrievedfromGoogle.comwebsite:https://patents.google.com/patent/CN202399760U/en

https://pdfcoffee.com/final-paper-23-pdf-free.html,Sheena Ashly B. Manarang, Roda B.

Villamora, Ram Cedric C. BDT - 3A, FOLDABLE T-SQUARE WITH TEMPLATES, v.1 p.8,

May 2023

https://www.freepatentsonline.com/4525933.html, Patterson, Richard M.endersonville, NC, v.3

p. 3, 07/02/1985

https://www.freepatentsonline.com/4525934.html, Hess, Dieter, Method and apparatus, v.1 p. 2,

07/02/1985

https://www.coursehero.com/file/44183092/Chapter-1-4-donedocx/, Wyeth Blando, Magnetized

Detachable T-square, v. 5 p.5, March 2019

https://www.studocu.com/ph, Byron G. Spear, Jr., T-square construction, Sioux City, 1953

https://www.studocu.com/, Richard M. Patterson, Adjustable T Square, Hendersonville, NC, v.1

p.1, 1966

(https://www.studocu.com/ph, Alfred W. Siber Kearny, NJ, v.1 p.1, 1966

https://www.studocu.com/ph, Hugh Francis White, Combination Folding Plumb, v.1 p. 1,

Brooklyn, 1903
https://www.scribd.com/, American History, Massachusetts Patent, v.1 p. 10, 2019

https://www.scribd.com/, Britannica, Stainless Steel T Square, v.1 p. 1, 2015

https://patents.google.com/, Yangzhou University, Multi-Function T Square, v.2 p 2, March 3,

2005

https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n, Redjie D. Arcadio, Accessing the Feasibility and Acceptability

of a modified T- Square device for construction technology, v.4 p.6, June 2023

APPENDIX A

LETTER OF REQUEST TO CONDUCT THE STUDY

April 2024

COT Director CTU Main Campus

Dear
 We would like to ask your permission to allow us conduct our research study in your

vicinity or department more especially on the three specific courses namely IDT, FCM and DT.

Rest assured that the data will gather will remain absolutely confidential and to be used in

academic purposed only.

We believe that you are with us in our enthusiasm to finish the requirement as a

compliance for our subject and to develop our well-being. We hope of your positive response on

this humble matter. Your approval to conduct this study will be greatly appreciated.

Respectfully,

The Researcher

APPENDIX B

THE SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRE

Part I. Profile of the Respondent

Name: ______________________( Optional)

Direction: Please put a check mark (✓) on the box provided to answer your profile.

A. How old are you?

18-20 yrs. Old 21- 25 yrs. Old 26- 30 yrs. Old

 B. What is your gender?

Male Female

C. What is your civil status?

Single Married Widowed/ Separated

D. What is your course?

IDT FCM DT

Part II. What is the common problem encountered of student in T Square in terms of:

Directions: Please put a check mark (✓) if the statement below show the common problem you

encountered in a T Square as a student in the different area.

2.1 Transportation

______1. Hitting other passenger by the edge of the T Square unintentionally

______2. Finding suitable space to occupy for you with the T Square

______3. Gives inconvenience with the other passenger

2.2 Measurement

______1. Too small to measure

______2. Too big to measure

______3. Ink does smudge in measuring

______4. The measurement guide is not readable

2.3 Storing

______1. Not easily stored in a box or tool box

______2. Can’t easily put in a bag

______3 Can’t easily hides in an envelope

______4. Can’t easily access

2.4 Organizing

______1. Occupy more spacing than other materials

______2. Gives more loopholes in arrangement

______3 Too big to align with other things

Part III. What are the effects of T Square in terms of;

Directions: Please put a check mark (✓) on the space provided as using the legend below:

RATE DESCRIPTIVE CATEGORY CODE

5 Very High Extent VHE
4 High Extent HE
3 Extent E
2 Less Extent LE
1 None Extent NE

3.1 Putting different features ( foldable, magnet, joinery, etc)

VHE HE E LE NE
Indicator 5 4 3 2 1
1. Does product 1 with hinges more convenient to use
than other?
 2. Doe you prefer t square with magnet?
3. Does all product with added features save space and
more safety to bring?

3.2 Making it smaller and pocket size

VHE HE E LE NE
Indicator 5 4 3 2 1
1. Pocket T Square gives more space
2. Gives more convenience
3. Much lighter to bring
4. Easily store and organize

3.3 Functionality
Which product did the great performance? VHE HE E LE NE
5 4 3 2 1
Product 1

Product 2

Product 3

Product 4

Final product

CURRICULUM VITAE

PERONAL DATA

Name: Trecia Althea F. Berdon

Age: 21 years old
Birthday: September 22, 2002
Address: Cogon, Cordova, Cebu, Purok Singkamas 6017
Contact Number: 09310329157
E-mail: treciaalthea123@gmail.com
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Tertiary:
Cebu Technological University
M.J Cuenco Avenue Cor, R. Palma Street, Cebu City
S.Y 2021-2025

Secondary:
Senior High School
Cordova Catholic Cooperative School
Bernardo Nuñez St, Cordova, 6017 Cebu City
S.Y 2020-2021

Primary:
Cogon Elementary School
Cogon, Cordova, Cebu, Purok Singkamas
S.Y 2014-2015

CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL DATA

Name: Mary Flor O. Casquejo

Age: 25 years old
Birthday: April 27, 1998
Address: Ibabao, Cordova, Cebu, Purok Paglaom 6017
Contact Number: 09662549411
E-mail: maryflorcasquejo236@gmail.com
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Tertiary:
Cebu Technological University
M.J Cuenco Avenue Cor, R. Palma Street, Cebu City
S.Y 2021-2025

Secondary:
Senior High School
Marigondon National High School
Marigondon Lapu-Lapu City
S.Y 2019-2020

Primary:
Babag I Elementary School
Babag I Lapu-Lapu City
S.Y 2011-2012

CURRICULUM VITAE

PERONAL DATA

Name: Helarie Y. Dinglasan

Age: 23 years old
Birthday: November 5, 2000
Address: Mohon Sapangdako, Cenu City
Contact Number: 09056037094
E-mail: helariedinglasan@gmail.com
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Tertiary:
Cebu Technological University
M.J Cuenco Avenue Cor, R. Palma Street, Cebu City
S.Y 2021-2025

Secondary:
Senior High School
Ramon Duterte Memorial National High School
VR Apartelle, #575 Englis V Rama Ave, Cebu City
S.Y 2019-2020

Primary:
Sapangdaku Elementary School
Baksan Sapangdaku Cebu City
S.Y 2011-2012

CURRICULUM VITAE

PERONAL DATA

Name: John Cyril A. Cabajar

Age: 21 years old
Birthday: January 14, 2003
Address: Lahug Cebu City
Contact Number: 09660232537
E-mail: cabajarj12@gmail.com
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Tertiary:
Cebu Technological University
M.J Cuenco Avenue Cor, R. Palma Street, Cebu City
S.Y 2021-2025

Secondary:
Senior High School
Pusok National High School-Senior High
Brgy. Pusok Matumbo Lapu-lapu City
S.Y 2019-2021

Primary:
Maghanoy Elementary School
Barili Cebu City
S.Y 20011-2012

CURRICULUM VITAE

PERONAL DATA

Name: Kurt Inigo T. Gilig

Age: 20 years old
Birthday: May 24, 2003
Address: Marigondon Lapu-Lapu City
Contact Number: 09638732268
E-mail: kurtingogilig@gmail.com
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Tertiary:
Cebu Technological University
M.J Cuenco Avenue Cor, R. Palma Street, Cebu City
S.Y 2021-2025

Secondary:
Senior High School
Marigondon National High School – Senior High School
Marigondon Lapu-Lapu City
S.Y 2019-2021

Primary:
Marigondon Elementary School
Marigondon Lapu-Lapu City
S.Y 2009-2010
DOCUMENTATION
 Figure 2: Day 1 Survey Documentation ( DT)

(NOTE: The photo shown above is a glimpse of a sample size it did not signifies the exact

number of samples for the privacy of the respondent with accordance to the research ethics)
 Figure 3: Day 2 Survey Documentation (IDT)

(NOTE: The photo shown above is a glimpse of a sample size it did not signifies the exact

number of samples for the privacy of the respondent with accordance to the research ethics)
 Figure 4: Day 3 Survey Documentation (FCM)

(NOTE: The photo shown above is a glimpse of a sample size it did not signifies the exact

number of samples for the privacy of the respondent with accordance to the research ethics)