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Fake-Company-QofE-FINAL
Fake-Company-QofE-FINAL
Fake-Company-QofE-FINAL
The report is designed to help investors, analysts, and other financial professionals gain a deeper understanding of the company's financial health
and performance. The example below showcases the level of detail and analysis that can be expected from a quality of earnings report, and how it
can be used to make informed investment or strategic decisions.
Although the financial information throughout this report is a completely FAKE (made up) company and the data is not real, nor was it derived from a
real company, the example report provides a valuable resource for anyone seeking to understand how a quality of earnings report is structured and
what kind of information it can provide.
Additional Resources:
Glossary: “What is Quality of Earnings (QofE)”
Blog: “How to Get a Quality of Earnings Report [& Why You Need One]”
1
Thinking of buying or selling a business and need
a Quality of Earnings Report?
2
DISCLOSURE
Individual’s Name
Individual’s Title
Made Up Client
123 Main St.
Some City, UT 84000
In accordance with our engagement letter dated January 5, 2023 (“Engagement Letter”), please find attached Amplēo’s (“Amplēo”, “our”, “we”, and “us”) financial due diligence
report (“Report”) reflecting the consulting procedures we performed in relation to the operational results and financial position of Fake Company, LLC (“Fake” or the “Company”)
and its potential acquisition from Made Up Client (“Cient”).
The analyses, inquiries, and procedures that we performed, as outlined in Appendix A of this Report, are based on transactions, records, and representations made by Fake’s
management. While there are no definitive requirements or procedures that constitute standards for due diligence, our work was conducted in accordance with the American
Institute of Certified Public Accountants’ (“AICPA”) Statement of Standards for Consulting Services No. 1. By acceptance of this Report, you acknowledge that the sufficiency of
the procedures performed is solely the responsibility of Client.
We make no representation or warranties regarding the Report or related services requested, including other matters that may have come to our attention had we performed
additional procedures, and we have no obligation to update our report for events occurring subsequent to the date of our report, or not disclosed to us by Fake. The services we
were engaged to perform do not constitute an audit in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, legal or investment advice, an
examination of any type, an estimate of value, an accounting or tax opinion, or any other attestation or review services in accordance with the AICPA or other regulatory body.
As such, we express no opinion or any other form of assurance thereon. Our work cannot be relied upon to disclose error, fraud, or illegal acts that may exist.
This Report is solely for the information and use of Client. No portion of this Report, in whole or in part, shall be accessed by, referred to, distributed to, or relied upon by any
other party without Amplēo’s prior written consent. Such requests may require us to perform additional procedures.
[signature]
Partner
CFO Solutions, L.C. dba Amplēo
Any individual or entity who is not an addressee of this Report or who has not executed a separate release letter with Amplēo is not authorized to view or have
access to this Report.
Shall any individual or entity who (1) is not an addressee of this Report or (2) has not executed a separate release letter with Amplēo, view or access this Report,
such individual or entity agrees to the following terms without modification or reservation:
• The individual or entity viewing or accessing this Report understands the work performed by Amplēo was performed in accordance with the
instructions and limited scope set out by our addressee Client and was performed for the sole benefit of such Client, and not for the use or benefit
of any other party.
• The individual or entity viewing or accessing this Report acknowledges the procedures performed may not include all procedures deemed
necessary for purposes of the reader.
• The individual or entity viewing or accessing this Report agrees that Amplēo, its partners, employees, and agents neither owe nor accept any duty
of responsibility to the Report, whether in contract or in tort (including without limitation, negligence and breach of statutory duty), and shall not be
liable in respect of any loss, damage or expense whatsoever in nature which is caused by any use the reader may choose to make of this Report, or
which is otherwise consequently relied upon, upon gaining access to the Report by the reader. Further the individual or entity agrees (1) that this
Report is not to be referred to or quoted, in whole or in part, in any prospectus, registration statement, offering circular, public filing, loan, or any
other agreement or document, and (2) not to distribute the Report without Amplēo’s prior consent.
Financial Statements 16
Financial Performance 22
Working Capital 32
Fake Company, LLC, ("Fake", or "Company") is an eCommerce company that specializes in selling widgets to consumers.
The Company was established in January 2018, is based out of Somewhere, UT, and is registered as a Delaware LLC.
The accounting department includes John Doe (CFO) and Jane Smith (Controller). Here is where we would type up information regarding the rest of the accounting team, roles, and the
closeout process.
The Company utilizes QuickBooks Online for its accounting system, Fishbowl for its inventory system, and the rest of this paragraph contains information regarding the systems that affect
the accounting and financial reports.
KEY FINDINGS
Company sells products through its website and other various eCommerce websites.
During the TTM period, the following key metrics were identified:
Gross margin was 52.7%.
Marketing and Advertising spend was 13.4% of revenue.
Revenue has grown from $48.97 in FY21M to $58.12M in FY22, or 18.7% growth. Revenue grew from $49.94M in TTM Jan-22 to $59.79M in TTM Jan-23, or 19.7% growth.
The Company's diligence-adjusted EBITDA ("Adjusted EBITDA") remained positive throughout the diligence periods. Adjusted EBITDA increased from $3.56M in FY20 to $5.75M in FY21
to $6.59M in the TTM Jan-23 period. These figures represent 9.3%, 11.7%, and 11.0% of revenues, respectively.
OTHER ITEMS
References to "Management" throughout this report consists of John Doe and Jane Smith.
We observed that the Company pays sales tax in various jurisdictions. However, we did not do additional analysis due to tax diligence–specifically Nexus footprint–was not included in the
scope.
Through the Report date, no subsequent events were noted by management that would require an accrual or disclosure on the balance sheet or income statement.
Diligence-Adjusted EBITDA i) Owner Compensation. This adjustment is for the agreed upon compensation of $300k
+ e ) Recruiter Fees - 40,000 40,000 40,000 between Owner and Buyer and includes a 25% payroll burden. Refer to the section above
regarding an adjustment made for the compensation that was incurred.
+ f ) Transaction Expenses - 30,000 30,000 40,000
+ g ) Relocation Expenses 11,500 - 20,000 20,000
- h ) Rent & Lease - (120,000) (90,000) (80,000)
- i ) Owner Compensation (375,000) (375,000) (375,000) (375,000)
Total Diligence Adjustments $ (363,500) $ (425,000) $ (375,000) $ (355,000)
Diligence-Adjusted EBITDA $ 3,557,618 $ 5,751,120 $ 6,083,925 $ 6,588,329
Adjusted EBITDA margin 9.3% 11.7% 10.5% 11.0%
$6,400,000
$6,200,000
$0
$6,000,000
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Fake Company, LLC - FINANCIAL DUE DILIGENCE REPORT 15
Private & Confidential
Financial Statements
Discounts, Returns & Allowances (4,507,910) (5,555,103) (6,921,162) (7,067,503) -12% -11% -12% -12% Please refer below for analysis of the income statement. Amplēo analyzed any significant
Shipping & Delivery 5,526,608 7,394,274 9,308,702 9,450,530 14% 15% 16% 16% balances and fluctuations related to the periods under analysis. Amplēo reclassified some
Total Sales $ 38,401,371 $ 48,965,544 $ 58,116,502 $ 59,792,401 100% 100% 100% 100% income statement accounts for purposes of analysis.
Product COGS 11,346,200 14,218,388 16,580,075 17,221,960 30% 29% 29% 29%
Costs of Goods Sold $ 18,237,758 $ 23,114,324 $ 27,385,790 $ 28,298,133 47% 47% 47% 47%
COGS are recorded to match the revenue recognized.
Gross Profit $ 20,163,613 $ 25,851,220 $ 30,730,712 $ 31,494,268 53% 53% 53% 53% Net Income
Net income increased from $3.50M in FY20 to $5.71M in FY21 to $6.43M through the TTM
Amortization - - - - 0% 0% 0% 0%
period. As a percentage of sales, net income increased from 9.1% in FY20 to 11.7% in FY21,
Bank & eComm Fees 1,966,150 2,507,036 2,975,565 3,061,371 5% 5% 5% 5%
and then decreased to 10.8% through the TTM period. The decrease in margin was primarily
Computer & IT 396,000 435,600 479,160 483,153 1% 1% 1% 1%
Real Estate, Property & Sales Taxes 39,600 43,560 47,916 48,315 0% 0% 0% 0% Total Sales
Rent & Lease 135,000 180,000 210,000 220,000 0% 0% 0% 0% The Company offers widgets to consumers through the Company's website and other
Salaries, Wages & Benefits 6,497,425 8,487,205 10,378,559 10,655,273 17% 17% 18% 18% eCommerce websites. Sales grew from $38.40M in FY20 to $48.97M in FY21, or 27.5%
Supplies, Utilities & Repairs 100,800 105,840 111,132 111,595 0% 0% 0% 0% growth. Sales grew from $49.94M in TTM Jan-22 to $59.79M in TTM Jan-23, or 19.7%
Travel, Meals & Entertainment 29,500 51,000 134,000 137,500 0% 0% 0% 0% growth. Sales growth has been sustained via targeted marketing campaigns.
Operating Income $ 3,553,604 $ 5,781,910 $ 6,055,835 $ 6,536,544 9% 12% 10% 11%
Discounts, Returns & Allowances (4,507,910) (5,555,103) (6,921,162) (7,067,503) -12% -11% -12% -12% Costs of Goods Sold
Shipping & Delivery 5,526,608 7,394,274 9,308,702 9,450,530 14% 15% 16% 16% The Company utilizes FIFO for inventory costing and includes landed costs. Product COGS
Total Sales $ 38,401,371 $ 48,965,544 $ 58,116,502 $ 59,792,401 100% 100% 100% 100% is calculated using the following formula: beginning inventory value + purchases - ending
inventory value. To get comfortable with these calculations, we obtained a haphazard
Product COGS 11,346,200 14,218,388 16,580,075 17,221,960 30% 29% 29% 29%
Costs of Goods Sold $ 18,237,758 $ 23,114,324 $ 27,385,790 $ 28,298,133 47% 47% 47% 47%
respectively, of the total costs of goods sold during the TTM period. Compared to total
sales, these represent 28.8%, 14.6%, and 3.9% of the TTM period. In an actual QofE on an
Gross Profit $ 20,163,613 $ 25,851,220 $ 30,730,712 $ 31,494,268 53% 53% 53% 53% actual company, this paragraph will contain more detailed analysis surrounding these items,
including information around inventory obsolescence/reserves.
Amortization - - - - 0% 0% 0% 0%
Marketing & Advertising 5,834,772 6,376,250 8,119,700 7,988,278 15% 13% 14% 13% Computer & IT
Other G&A 630,000 661,500 694,575 697,469 2% 1% 1% 1% When represented as a percentage of sales, these costs represent 0.8% to 1.0%. During the
Professional & Service Fees 268,800 371,056 505,583 518,955 0.7% 0.8% 0.9% 0.9% periods under analysis, these represent between 1.9% and 2.4% of the total expenses.
Real Estate, Property & Sales Taxes 39,600 43,560 47,916 48,315 0% 0% 0% 0%
Rent & Lease 135,000 180,000 210,000 220,000 0% 0% 0% 0% Licenses, Permits & Insurance
Salaries, Wages & Benefits 6,497,425 8,487,205 10,378,559 10,655,273 17% 17% 18% 18% We would add language here regarding the analysis of these costs incurred, including the
Supplies, Utilities & Repairs 100,800 105,840 111,132 111,595 0% 0% 0% 0% GAAP treatment of insurance premiums.
Travel, Meals & Entertainment 29,500 51,000 134,000 137,500 0% 0% 0% 0%
Discounts, Returns & Allowances (4,507,910) (5,555,103) (6,921,162) (7,067,503) -12% -11% -12% -12% Marketing & Advertising
Shipping & Delivery 5,526,608 7,394,274 9,308,702 9,450,530 14% 15% 16% 16% Marketing and advertising expenses are the second largest category of expenses. These
Total Sales $ 38,401,371 $ 48,965,544 $ 58,116,502 $ 59,792,401 100% 100% 100% 100% costs represent 35.1% of the total expenses during FY20, 31.8% during FY21, and 32.9% and
32.0% of the total expenses during the FY22 and TTM Jan-23 periods, respectively. As a
Product COGS 11,346,200 14,218,388 16,580,075 17,221,960 30% 29% 29% 29%
Costs of Goods Sold $ 18,237,758 $ 23,114,324 $ 27,385,790 $ 28,298,133 47% 47% 47% 47%
vendors for affiliate management, events, tradeshows, influencers, public relations, and
referral management. With regards to year over year growth from TTM Jan-22 to TTM Jan-
Gross Profit $ 20,163,613 $ 25,851,220 $ 30,730,712 $ 31,494,268 53% 53% 53% 53% 23, sales increased 19.7% while marketing and advertising increased 18.3%. Previous year
over year growth in this category was higher than the sales growth, but in FY22 the
Amortization - - - - 0% 0% 0% 0%
Company made more strategic decisions regarding target advertising that lead to better
Bank & eComm Fees 1,966,150 2,507,036 2,975,565 3,061,371 5% 5% 5% 5%
ROAS.
Computer & IT 396,000 435,600 479,160 483,153 1% 1% 1% 1%
Marketing & Advertising 5,834,772 6,376,250 8,119,700 7,988,278 15% 13% 14% 13% Professional & Service Fees
Other G&A 630,000 661,500 694,575 697,469 2% 1% 1% 1% Professional and service fees comprise primarily of legal and accounting fees. As a
Professional & Service Fees 268,800 371,056 505,583 518,955 0.7% 0.8% 0.9% 0.9% percentage of total sales, professional and service fees represent between 0.7% and 0.9%
Real Estate, Property & Sales Taxes 39,600 43,560 47,916 48,315 0% 0% 0% 0% during the periods under review. Here, you would see some specific examples and analysis
Rent & Lease 135,000 180,000 210,000 220,000 0% 0% 0% 0% of these costs.
Salaries, Wages & Benefits 6,497,425 8,487,205 10,378,559 10,655,273 17% 17% 18% 18%
Supplies, Utilities & Repairs 100,800 105,840 111,132 111,595 0% 0% 0% 0% Salaries, Wages & Benefits
Travel, Meals & Entertainment 29,500 51,000 134,000 137,500 0% 0% 0% 0% Salaries, Wages & Benefits are the largest category of expenses. Because of this, this
Operating Income $ 3,553,604 $ 5,781,910 $ 6,055,835 $ 6,536,544 9% 12% 10% 11% section would contain more in-depth analysis and language regarding what it comprises, as
well as the fluctuations.
Interest Expense (37,685) (40,063) (39,201) (40,383) 0% 0% 0% 0%
Accounts Payable
An AP aging summary was obtained from QuickBooks, detailing what comprises this
balance during the periods under analysis. This was agreed to the GL. As of January 31,
2023, 93.4% of the total amount due was between current and 30 days past due.
Long-Term Debt
Shareholder Capital (5,750,000) (8,750,000) (14,750,000) (14,750,000) -96% -177% -154% -154%
This comprises an SBA loan. Amplēo did not perform validation nor analysis surrounding
Retained Earnings & NI 8,401,527 14,115,557 20,065,469 20,954,334 156% 241% 219% 219%
the balances.
Total Liabilities & Equity $ 5,797,665 $ 9,068,013 $ 8,312,814 $ 9,556,520 100% 100% 100% 100%
The Company sells widgets to consumers through the Company's website and other eCommerce platforms.
A cash to revenue proof was performed to validate the sales amount recorded in the income statement. Cash deposits from the bank statements were traced to amounts recorded in the GL
to ensure the existence and accuracy of revenue recorded in FY20, FY21, and FY22, as well as the YTD 2023 period through January. The cash to revenue proof was able to agree cash
deposits to the amount recorded in the income statement with an immaterial difference for the TTM period. Please refer to the cash to revenue proof section for further details.
Management represents that revenue is recognized when shipped. It appears that the Company is recognizing revenue in compliance with GAAP, however, Amplēo did not perform an audit
of ASC 606 compliance. A detailed audit is recommended to identify any possible deviations from GAAP.
The Company increased net sales from $38.40M in FY20 to $48.97M in FY21, and then again to $58.12M in FY22. This equates to 27.5% and 18.7% growth, respectively. Sales grew from
$49.94M in TTM Jan-22 to $59.79M in TTM Jan-23, or 19.7% growth.
Due to the nature of the Company's business, bad debts are minimal. As of Jan-23, the total A/R amount represents approximately 4.3% of the previous month's sales. As of the date of this
report, the Company has not implemented an allowance for bad debt.
Refer to the Income Statement and Balance Sheet Summary sections for details surrounding the Discounts, Returns and Allowances.
($ IN USD) FY20 FY21 FY22 TTM Jan-23 FY20 FY21 FY22 TTM Average
Product Sales 37,382,673 47,126,373 55,728,962 57,409,374 97% 96% 96% 96% 96%
Discounts, Returns & Allowances (4,507,910) (5,555,103) (6,921,162) (7,067,503) -12% -11% -12% -12% -12%
Shipping & Delivery 5,526,608 7,394,274 9,308,702 9,450,530 14% 15% 16% 16% 16%
Total Product Income $ 38,401,371 $ 48,965,544 $ 58,116,502 $ 59,792,401 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
$9,450,530
Product Sales
-$7,067,503
$57,409,374
Sales by Product
The charts below and on the following slides show the sales data of the Company's top 10 SKUs based on the TTM period. We obtained a detail of SKU level sales data from Management
and materially agreed the balances to the income statement.
$ Sales
# Product Income Feb 2022 Mar 2022 Apr 2022 May 2022 Jun 2022 Jul 2022 Aug 2022 Sep 2022 Oct 2022 Nov 2022 Dec 2022 Jan 2023 TTM Oct-22 % FY21
1 Widget 1 $ 1,025,000 $ 859,000 $ 1,302,000 $ 968,000 $ 1,125,000 $ 1,154,000 $ 1,041,000 $ 785,000 $ 799,000 $ 878,000 $ 801,000 $ 874,000 $ 11,611,000 20% $ 12,090,932
2 Widget 2 39,000 25,000 57,000 54,000 55,000 68,000 95,000 62,000 51,000 69,000 54,000 41,000 670,000 1% 119,986
3 Widget 3 48,000 42,000 57,000 42,000 50,000 51,000 21,000 33,000 42,000 55,000 64,000 40,000 545,000 1% 403,123
4 Widget 4 55,000 25,000 12,000 7,000 7,000 51,000 52,000 38,000 40,000 48,000 45,000 50,000 430,000 1% 479,285
5 Widget 5 16,000 14,000 30,000 29,000 29,000 40,000 57,000 38,000 39,000 41,000 38,000 40,000 411,000 1% 60,144
6 Widget 6 41,000 33,000 46,000 42,000 42,000 38,000 35,000 32,000 29,000 32,000 31,000 25,000 426,000 1% 498,447
7 Widget 7 10,000 7,000 11,000 18,000 22,000 28,000 38,000 26,000 24,000 28,000 23,000 18,000 253,000 0% 36,685
8 Widget 8 10,000 9,000 13,000 10,000 11,000 11,000 11,000 9,000 8,000 10,000 10,000 9,000 121,000 0% 95,642
9 Widget 9 - - - - - - - 21,000 36,000 13,000 38,000 17,000 125,000 0% -
10 Widget 10 10,000 21,000 20,000 7,000 9,000 7,000 9,000 7,000 7,000 8,000 9,000 9,000 123,000 0% 76,390
Subtotal 1,254,000 1,035,000 1,548,000 1,177,000 1,350,000 1,448,000 1,359,000 1,051,000 1,075,000 1,182,000 1,113,000 1,123,000 14,715,000 26% 13,860,635
All others 3,673,197 3,747,408 3,406,410 3,453,105 3,261,805 3,059,605 2,948,578 3,302,691 3,414,827 3,436,893 3,782,015 5,207,840 42,694,374 74% 785,101
Total gross sales $ 4,927,197 $ 4,782,408 $ 4,954,410 $ 4,630,105 $ 4,611,805 $ 4,507,605 $ 4,307,578 $ 4,353,691 $ 4,489,827 $ 4,618,893 $ 4,895,015 $ 6,330,840 $ 57,409,374 100% $ 14,645,736
Quantity Sold
# Quantity Sold Feb 2022 Mar 2022 Apr 2022 May 2022 Jun 2022 Jul 2022 Aug 2022 Sep 2022 Oct 2022 Nov 2022 Dec 2022 Jan 2023 TTM Oct-22 % FY21
1 Widget 1 33,000 27,000 40,000 29,000 33,000 34,000 31,000 23,000 23,000 26,000 24,000 25,000 348,000 17% 381,885
2 Widget 2 1,232 765 1,651 1,538 1,509 1,966 3,444 1,954 1,452 2,341 1,619 962 20,433 1% 3,725
3 Widget 3 1,705 1,439 1,970 1,363 1,685 1,678 720 1,143 1,430 1,965 2,795 1,299 19,192 1% 14,320
4 Widget 4 1,879 771 394 234 234 1,905 1,723 1,237 1,265 1,628 1,569 1,723 14,562 1% 16,816
5 Widget 5 535 412 893 857 797 1,274 2,233 1,314 1,143 1,396 1,221 1,121 13,196 1% 1,893
6 Widget 6 1,259 973 1,349 1,219 1,152 1,100 1,012 882 817 981 1,096 744 12,584 1% 14,886
7 Widget 7 312 206 358 548 609 834 1,432 887 754 959 743 538 8,180 0% 1,164
8 Widget 8 599 505 729 575 610 646 663 537 467 589 607 512 7,039 0% 5,536
9 Widget 9 - - - - - - - 914 1,536 609 2,125 1,243 6,427 0% -
10 Widget 10 511 1,132 936 279 472 291 449 374 382 476 488 444 6,234 0% 3,806
Subtotal 41,032 33,203 48,280 35,613 40,068 43,694 42,676 32,242 32,246 36,944 36,263 33,586 455,847 23% 444,031
All others 135,475 129,596 120,323 117,154 110,359 108,538 116,032 123,810 121,924 136,253 151,086 183,809 1,554,359 77% 32,522
Total quantity sold 176,507 162,799 168,603 152,767 150,427 152,232 158,708 156,052 154,170 173,197 187,349 217,395 2,010,206 100% 476,553
Margins by Month
The charts below and on the following slides show the sales data of the Company's gross and net margins by month for the TTM period.
Margins by Month
($ in USD) Feb 2022 Mar 2022 Apr 2022 May 2022 Jun 2022 Jul 2022 Aug 2022 Sep 2022 Oct 2022 Nov 2022 Dec 2022 Jan 2023 TTM Jan-23
Total Revenues $ 5,111,217 $ 4,975,202 $ 5,170,648 $ 4,795,708 $ 4,837,458 $ 4,706,923 $ 4,491,587 $ 4,583,566 $ 4,670,409 $ 4,817,990 $ 5,117,748 $ 6,513,945 $ 59,792,401
Margins by Month
($ in USD) Feb 2022 Mar 2022 Apr 2022 May 2022 Jun 2022 Jul 2022 Aug 2022 Sep 2022 Oct 2022 Nov 2022 Dec 2022 Jan 2023 TTM Jan-23
Total Revenues $ 5,111,217 $ 4,975,202 $ 5,170,648 $ 4,795,708 $ 4,837,458 $ 4,706,923 $ 4,491,587 $ 4,583,566 $ 4,670,409 $ 4,817,990 $ 5,117,748 $ 6,513,945 $ 59,792,401
Gross Margin $ $ 2,735,309 $ 2,509,750 $ 2,905,705 $ 2,467,194 $ 2,546,213 $ 2,578,523 $ 2,326,312 $ 2,168,229 $ 2,291,519 $ 2,509,220 $ 3,010,148 $ 3,446,146 $ 31,494,268
Gross Margin % 53.5% 50.4% 56.2% 51.4% 52.6% 54.8% 51.8% 47.3% 49.1% 52.1% 58.8% 52.9% 52.7%
Net Margin $ $ 717,808 $ 310,718 $ 796,635 $ 412,132 $ 563,070 $ 465,098 $ 534,742 $ 285,336 $ 347,876 $ 504,953 $ 691,368 $ 906,809 $ 6,536,544
Net Margin % 14.0% 6.2% 15.4% 8.6% 11.6% 9.9% 11.9% 6.2% 7.4% 10.5% 13.5% 13.9% 10.9%
$6,000,000
$5,000,000
$4,000,000
$3,000,000
$2,000,000
$1,000,000
$-
Feb 2022 Mar 2022 Apr 2022 May 2022 Jun 2022 Jul 2022 Aug 2022 Sep 2022 Oct 2022 Nov 2022 Dec 2022 Jan 2023
Revenue per GL $ 38,401,371 $ 48,965,544 $ 58,116,502 $ 6,513,945 $ 59,792,401 We materially agreed the adjusted cash inflows per the bank statements to reported
revenues for the periods under analysis.
Variance - Proof of Cash $ (16,070) $ (42,349) $ 236,481 $ 3,819 $ (129,637)
Percentage Variance 0.0% -0.1% 0.4% 0.1% -0.2%
Vendor Concentration
Amplēo obtained from QuickBooks a detailed listing of expenditures by vendor related to costs of goods sold from Jan-20 to Jan-23. The table and chart to the left summarize amounts paid
to the top 5 vendors in the TTM Jan-23 period, including a comparison to the amounts paid to the same vendor in historical periods.
Vendor 3 3,500,000 3,000,000 3,500,000 4,000,000 19% 13% 13% 14% 13% Vendor 1
Vendor 4 2,000,000 2,000,000 3,500,000 3,000,000 11% 9% 13% 11%
COGS Vendors $ 18,237,758 $ 23,114,324 $ 27,385,790 $ 28,298,133 100% 100% 100% 100% 11% Vendor 3
Vendor 4
14% Vendor 5
Adjusted NWC - RECAST ($ IN USD) Jan 2021 Jan 2022 Jan 2023
Net Working Capital Analysis
Accounts Receivable 79,088 128,455 146,219
Inventory 4,441,525 4,675,408 6,236,808 Adjusted Net Working Capital has increased overall during the periods under analysis from
Prepaid Expenses 745,433 934,645 1,258,406 $2.34M as of Jan-21 to $4.74M as of Jan-23. The 12, 6, and 3-month averages have equaled
Accounts Payable (974,969) (801,499) (1,247,362) $4.31M, $4.33M, and $4.47M, respectively. The Company's adjusted Net Working Capital has
Credit Cards Payable (185,000) (185,000) (185,000) increased over time primarily due to increases in Inventory, as well as decreases in Lines of
Payroll Liabilities (100,000) (100,000) (100,000) Credit. Amplēo also noted that Accounts Payable increased.
Accrued Expenses (447,260) (560,787) (755,043)
Sales Tax Liabilities (216,083) (270,931) (364,781) • DSO: Days sales outstanding (90-day average) increased from 0.7 in Jan-21 to 0.9 in Jan-
Lines of Credit & ST Loans (1,000,000) (1,500,000) (250,000) 22, and then decreased to 0.8 in Jan-23. The fluctuations were primarily driven by the
Adjusted NWC (cash/debt-free) $ 2,342,735 $ 2,320,292 $ 4,739,247 timing of deposits received by merchant processors.
12-Month Target 1,972,809 2,138,035 4,310,654 • DPO: Days payable outstanding (90-day average) decreased from 18.0 in Jan-21 to 12.0 in
6-Month Target 2,095,815 2,094,644 4,326,704 Jan-22, and then increased to 15.0 in Jan-23. The fluctuations were driven by timing of
3-Month Target 2,094,394 2,219,611 4,467,015 payments made to vendors.
• DOH: Days inventory outstanding (90-day average) decreased from 82.0 in Jan-21 to 70.0
in Jan-22, and then increased to 75.0 in Jan-23. Inventory Turns (12-month average)
Working Capital Factors Jan 2021 Jan 2022 Jan 2023
increased from 4.4x in Jan-21 to 5.2x in Jan-22, and then decreased to 4.9x in Jan-23.
DSO (90-day) 0.7 0.9 0.8
DPO (90-day) 18.0 12.0 15.0 We found the DSO, DPO, and inventory key ratios to all be within industry benchmarks.
DOH (90-day) 82.0 70.0 75.0
Prepaid Expenses as % of Sales (90-day) 19.3% 19.3% 19.3% We obtained month-end inventory reports from Management and found that these reports
Accrued Expenses as % of Sales (90-day) 11.6% 11.6% 11.6% agreed with the balance sheet.
Net Working Capital Ratio 1.8x 1.7x 2.6x
Inventory Turns (LTM) 4.4x 5.2x 4.9x Please see the tables and graph below for further analysis of adjusted Net Working Capital.
Cash Conversion Cycle 64.7 58.9 60.8
8,000,000
6,000,000
4,000,000
2,000,000
(2,000,000)
(4,000,000)
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan
2021 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021 2021 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022 2022 2023
Jan 2022
Jan 2023
May 2021
May 2022
Mar 2021
Mar 2022
Sep 2021
Sep 2022
Nov 2021
Nov 2022
Jul 2021
Jul 2022
DSO (90-day) DPO (90-day) DOH (90-day)
Jan 2022
Jan 2023
May 2021
May 2022
Mar 2021
Mar 2022
Sep 2021
Sep 2022
Jul 2021
Jul 2022
Nov 2021
Nov 2022
Net Working Capital Ratio Inventory Turns (LTM) Cash Conversion Cycle
URL Findings
a) The below invoices were chosen by selecting twelve of the largest as well as haphazard cash disbursements from February 1, 2023 through March 14, 2023 (the date this search was
performed) out of the GL detail - Bank Account Checking x9999, which is the primary bank account used for all operating expenses. We obtained a copy of the invoices for each selection
from QuickBooks, and tied the balance w/o/e. We scanned through each invoice verifying the service date to ensure they related to or not to period ending January 31, 2023. We noted no
exception.
b) We performed a search as of January 31, 2023 and found all to be appropriately accrued.
a
Amount Amount Appropriately Appropriately
Date of Amount of relating to relating to Accrued Not Accrued
Item # Check # Invoice # Payable to Check Check period ending period after Accrued for in Account # Amount Amount Differences
1/31/2023 1/31/2023
1 9629783 466545654614 Vendor 1/4/2023 400,000 400,000 Advertising and Marketing 400,000 -
2 7615400 165534-165 Vendor 12/6/2022 320,000 320,000 Credit Card 320,000 -
3 7384775 13515.0.2 Vendor 1/11/2023 280,000 280,000 280,000 -
4 6363145 6549 Vendor 12/20/2022 220,000 100,894 119,106 Credit Card 100,894 119,106 -
5 604582 asdf12324 Vendor 12/9/2022 185,000 185,000 Advertising and Marketing 185,000 -
6 7304046 z96873 Vendor 1/4/2023 136,000 136,000 136,000 -
7 2443919 Dec-351573 Vendor 12/5/2022 100,000 100,000 Research and Development 100,000 -
8 3863660 xyz123abc Vendor 12/1/2022 88,000 88,000 Professional Fees 88,000 -
9 4061552 6546-354654-16 Vendor 12/29/2022 72,000 72,000 Shipping COGS 72,000 -
10 9924826 9848965 Vendor 1/3/2023 58,000 58,000 Advertising and Marketing 58,000 -
-
Total Tested $ 1,859,000 Total Error $ - b
Total Disbursements $ 5,000,000
Percent Tested 37.2%
II. Analysis Period: Twelve months ended January 31, 2023 (TTM Jan-23), and fiscal years ended December 31, 2022, 2021, and 2020 (FY22, FY21, and FY20 respectively)
1. Business Overview
a. Confirm entity structure, organizational structure, & revenue-generating activities
b. Discuss accounting policies and procedures, including key systems utilized, the roles/responsibilities of individuals in the accounting department, and
internal controls
c. Review historical financial statements, identify material or high-risk areas, and evaluate compliance with US GAAP
d. Discuss potential growth opportunities
e. Review and discuss nature of all related party transactions
2. Revenues
a. Obtain an understanding of revenue and revenue recognition policies, including sales channels, seasonality, discounts/warranties/refunds, and deferred
revenue, if any
b. Select a sample of revenue transactions and obtain supporting documentation to evaluate compliance with US GAAP/ASC 606
c. Perform a revenue trend analysis for total sales, and by primary products or product categories
d. Perform a proof of cash: classify cash inflows from all bank accounts between operating and non-operating activities to reconcile with revenues reported
e. Discuss any significant customer concentrations
4. Quality of Earnings
a. Investigate non-recurring, non-operational, and other unusual transactions or events, and determine their impact on/calculate normalized EBITDA. This
includes, but is not limited to:
i. Cash receipts from non-revenue items
ii. Management fees or any allocation-based expenses
iii. Salaries, wages, equity distributions, and/or benefits paid to owners and key executives
iv. Legal/professional expenses related to unusual business or market events, including any transaction-related costs
v. Personal expenses
b. Adjust EBITDA for any identified deviations from US GAAP
c. Obtain explanations and examine supporting documentation, where material and applicable, for any management-proposed adjustments
5. Working Capital
a. Perform a review of working capital accounts to identify normalizing factors, to support buyer's negotiation of a "peg" amount for purchase price adjustment
purposes
6. Accounts Receivable
a. Obtain a detail of accounts receivable and agree to the general ledger
b. Identify and discuss any aged receivables
c. Discuss policies and procedures around bad debts/allowances/credit memos
d. Obtain a schedule of write-offs and credit memos to evaluate appropriateness of revenue recognition for material amounts, if any
7. Inventory
a. Obtain detailed inventory listing by product/product classifications and agree to the general ledger
b. Analyze inventory composition by product, product classification, or product type (raw materials, work in process, finished goods, as applicable), including
costing methodology
c. Select a sample of inventory items and obtain supporting documentation to validate cost and to evaluate compliance with US GAAP
d. Discuss supply chain, lead times, warehouse concentrations, and other market factors, and their impact on inventory turnover
e. Discuss policies and procedures around inventory obsolescence/reserves
9. Other Assets/Liabilities
a. Obtain a schedule prepaid assets to evaluate compliance with US GAAP
b. Discuss the nature of any other assets or liabilities
10. Miscellaneous
a. Inquire regarding any past, current, or pending litigation and background/underlying circumstances
b. Inquire regarding any off-balance sheet liabilities, contingent liabilities, or other financial guarantees and commitments
c. Inquire regarding any subsequent transactions or events that may have a material impact on the Company’s ongoing operations or financial results
EBITDA ADJUSTMENTS BY MONTH ($ IN USD) Feb 2022 Mar 2022 Apr 2022 May 2022 Jun 2022 Jul 2022 Aug 2022 Sep 2022 Oct 2022 Nov 2022 Dec 2022 Jan 2023 TTM Jan-23
Net Sales $ 5,111,217 $ 4,975,202 $ 5,170,648 $ 4,795,708 $ 4,837,458 $ 4,706,923 $ 4,491,587 $ 4,583,566 $ 4,670,409 $ 4,817,990 $ 5,117,748 $ 6,513,945 $ 59,792,401
Net Income $ 710,127 $ 289,364 $ 775,143 $ 415,732 $ 547,783 $ 474,106 $ 517,942 $ 231,940 $ 341,328 $ 525,347 $ 711,762 $ 888,864 $ 6,429,439
Interest 3,611 3,525 4,019 2,202 2,412 3,868 3,868 3,274 2,412 3,868 3,868 3,458 40,383
Taxes - 962 - - - - - 29,514 (3,537) - - - 26,938
Depreciation 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 2,012
Amortization - - - - - - - - - - - - -
EBITDA, as defined $ 713,906 $ 294,019 $ 779,330 $ 418,101 $ 550,363 $ 478,141 $ 521,978 $ 264,896 $ 340,370 $ 529,383 $ 715,797 $ 892,490 $ 6,498,773
Management-Adjusted EBITDA
Donations 19,965 19,965 19,965 19,965 19,965 19,965 19,965 19,965 19,965 19,965 19,965 21,962 241,577
Personal Accountant 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 12,000
Owner Compensation 13,975 14,158 13,034 14,304 14,935 13,834 14,935 14,654 14,432 14,931 14,954 14,834 172,979
Personal Travel 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 18,000
Total Management Adjustments $ 36,440 $ 36,623 $ 35,499 $ 36,769 $ 37,400 $ 36,299 $ 37,400 $ 37,119 $ 36,897 $ 37,396 $ 37,419 $ 39,296 $ 444,556
Management-Adjusted EBITDA $ 750,345 $ 330,642 $ 814,829 $ 454,870 $ 587,763 $ 514,440 $ 559,378 $ 302,015 $ 377,267 $ 566,779 $ 753,216 $ 931,785 $ 6,943,329
Diligence-Adjusted EBITDA
Recruiter Fees - 40,000 - - - - - - - - - - 40,000
Transaction Expenses - - - - - - - - 10,000 10,000 10,000 10,000 40,000
Relocation Expenses - - - - - - - 20,000 - - - - 20,000
Rent & Lease (10,000) (10,000) (10,000) (10,000) (10,000) (10,000) (10,000) (10,000) - - - - (80,000)
Owner Compensation (31,250) (31,250) (31,250) (31,250) (31,250) (31,250) (31,250) (31,250) (31,250) (31,250) (31,250) (31,250) (375,000)
Total Diligence Adjustments $ (41,250) $ (1,250) $ (41,250) $ (41,250) $ (41,250) $ (41,250) $ (41,250) $ (21,250) $ (21,250) $ (21,250) $ (21,250) $ (21,250) $ (355,000)
Diligence-Adjusted EBITDA $ 709,095 $ 329,392 $ 773,579 $ 413,620 $ 546,513 $ 473,190 $ 518,128 $ 280,765 $ 356,017 $ 545,529 $ 731,966 $ 910,535 $ 6,588,329
Adjusted EBITDA margin 13.9% 6.6% 15.0% 8.6% 11.3% 10.1% 11.5% 6.1% 7.6% 11.3% 14.3% 14.0% 11.0%
EBITDA ADJUSTMENTS BY MONTH ($ IN USD) Jan 2022 Feb 2022 Mar 2022 Apr 2022 May 2022 Jun 2022 Jul 2022 Aug 2022 Sep 2022 Oct 2022 Nov 2022 Dec 2022 FY22
Net Sales $ 4,838,046 $ 5,111,217 $ 4,975,202 $ 5,170,648 $ 4,795,708 $ 4,837,458 $ 4,706,923 $ 4,491,587 $ 4,583,566 $ 4,670,409 $ 4,817,990 $ 5,117,748 $ 58,116,502
Net Income $ 409,338 $ 710,127 $ 289,364 $ 775,143 $ 415,732 $ 547,783 $ 474,106 $ 517,942 $ 231,940 $ 341,328 $ 525,347 $ 711,762 $ 5,949,913
Interest 2,276 3,611 3,525 4,019 2,202 2,412 3,868 3,868 3,274 2,412 3,868 3,868 39,201
Taxes - - 962 - - - - - 29,514 (3,537) - - 26,938
Depreciation 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 2,012
Amortization - - - - - - - - - - - - -
EBITDA, as defined $ 411,781 $ 713,906 $ 294,019 $ 779,330 $ 418,101 $ 550,363 $ 478,141 $ 521,978 $ 264,896 $ 340,370 $ 529,383 $ 715,797 $ 6,018,064
Management-Adjusted EBITDA
Donations 19,965 19,965 19,965 19,965 19,965 19,965 19,965 19,965 19,965 19,965 19,965 19,965 239,580
Personal Accountant 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 12,000
Owner Compensation 13,135 13,975 14,158 13,034 14,304 14,935 13,834 14,935 14,654 14,432 14,931 14,954 171,280
Personal Travel 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 18,000
Total Management Adjustments $ 35,600 $ 36,440 $ 36,623 $ 35,499 $ 36,769 $ 37,400 $ 36,299 $ 37,400 $ 37,119 $ 36,897 $ 37,396 $ 37,419 $ 440,860
Management-Adjusted EBITDA $ 447,381 $ 750,345 $ 330,642 $ 814,829 $ 454,870 $ 587,763 $ 514,440 $ 559,378 $ 302,015 $ 377,267 $ 566,779 $ 753,216 $ 6,458,925
Diligence-Adjusted EBITDA
Recruiter Fees - - 40,000 - - - - - - - - - 40,000
Transaction Expenses - - - - - - - - - 10,000 10,000 10,000 30,000
Relocation Expenses - - - - - - - - 20,000 - - - 20,000
Rent & Lease (10,000) (10,000) (10,000) (10,000) (10,000) (10,000) (10,000) (10,000) (10,000) - - - (90,000)
Owner Compensation (31,250) (31,250) (31,250) (31,250) (31,250) (31,250) (31,250) (31,250) (31,250) (31,250) (31,250) (31,250) (375,000)
Total Diligence Adjustments $ (41,250) $ (41,250) $ (1,250) $ (41,250) $ (41,250) $ (41,250) $ (41,250) $ (41,250) $ (21,250) $ (21,250) $ (21,250) $ (21,250) $ (375,000)
Diligence-Adjusted EBITDA $ 406,131 $ 709,095 $ 329,392 $ 773,579 $ 413,620 $ 546,513 $ 473,190 $ 518,128 $ 280,765 $ 356,017 $ 545,529 $ 731,966 $ 6,083,925
Adjusted EBITDA margin 8.4% 13.9% 6.6% 15.0% 8.6% 11.3% 10.1% 11.5% 6.1% 7.6% 11.3% 14.3% 10.5%
EBITDA ADJUSTMENTS BY MONTH ($ IN USD) Jan 2021 Feb 2021 Mar 2021 Apr 2021 May 2021 Jun 2021 Jul 2021 Aug 2021 Sep 2021 Oct 2021 Nov 2021 Dec 2021 FY21
Net Sales $ 3,858,619 $ 3,866,070 $ 4,300,828 $ 4,163,289 $ 4,300,886 $ 4,129,122 $ 4,045,061 $ 3,980,758 $ 4,135,987 $ 4,177,462 $ 4,105,018 $ 3,902,444 $ 48,965,544
Net Income $ 442,185 $ 41,641 $ 598,110 $ 393,122 $ 740,772 $ 522,372 $ 380,297 $ 601,031 $ 852,192 $ 224,159 $ 548,027 $ 370,121 $ 5,714,030
Interest 3,868 3,868 3,274 2,276 3,611 3,525 4,019 2,202 2,412 3,868 3,868 3,274 40,063
Taxes - - 962 - - - - - - - - 17,225 18,187
Depreciation 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 2,012
Amortization - - - - - - - - - - - - -
EBITDA, as defined $ 446,221 $ 45,677 $ 602,513 $ 395,566 $ 744,551 $ 526,065 $ 384,483 $ 603,401 $ 854,771 $ 228,194 $ 552,062 $ 390,787 $ 5,774,292
Management-Adjusted EBITDA
Donations 18,150 18,150 18,150 18,150 18,150 18,150 18,150 18,150 18,150 18,150 18,150 18,150 217,800
Personal Accountant 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 12,000
Owner Compensation 12,213 12,913 13,236 12,946 12,768 12,668 12,902 12,696 13,164 12,629 12,724 13,168 154,028
Personal Travel 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 18,000
Total Management Adjustments $ 32,863 $ 33,563 $ 33,886 $ 33,596 $ 33,418 $ 33,318 $ 33,552 $ 33,346 $ 33,814 $ 33,279 $ 33,374 $ 33,818 $ 401,828
Management-Adjusted EBITDA $ 479,084 $ 79,240 $ 636,399 $ 429,162 $ 777,969 $ 559,384 $ 418,035 $ 636,747 $ 888,585 $ 261,474 $ 585,437 $ 424,605 $ 6,176,120
Diligence-Adjusted EBITDA
Recruiter Fees - 40,000 - - - - - - - - - - 40,000
Transaction Expenses - - - 30,000 - - - - - - - - 30,000
Relocation Expenses - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Rent & Lease (10,000) (10,000) (10,000) (10,000) (10,000) (10,000) (10,000) (10,000) (10,000) (10,000) (10,000) (10,000) (120,000)
Owner Compensation (31,250) (31,250) (31,250) (31,250) (31,250) (31,250) (31,250) (31,250) (31,250) (31,250) (31,250) (31,250) (375,000)
Total Diligence Adjustments $ (41,250) $ (1,250) $ (41,250) $ (11,250) $ (41,250) $ (41,250) $ (41,250) $ (41,250) $ (41,250) $ (41,250) $ (41,250) $ (41,250) $ (425,000)
Diligence-Adjusted EBITDA $ 437,834 $ 77,990 $ 595,149 $ 417,912 $ 736,719 $ 518,134 $ 376,785 $ 595,497 $ 847,335 $ 220,224 $ 544,187 $ 383,355 $ 5,751,120
Adjusted EBITDA margin 11.3% 2.0% 13.8% 10.0% 17.1% 12.5% 9.3% 15.0% 20.5% 5.3% 13.3% 9.8% 11.7%
EBITDA ADJUSTMENTS BY MONTH ($ IN USD) Jan 2020 Feb 2020 Mar 2020 Apr 2020 May 2020 Jun 2020 Jul 2020 Aug 2020 Sep 2020 Oct 2020 Nov 2020 Dec 2020 FY20
Net Sales $ 3,196,402 $ 3,159,374 $ 3,285,303 $ 3,195,419 $ 3,276,789 $ 3,244,675 $ 3,280,316 $ 3,175,184 $ 3,118,113 $ 3,159,919 $ 3,153,007 $ 3,156,870 $ 38,401,371
Net Income $ 405,966 $ 359,984 $ 240,591 $ 157,558 $ 380,638 $ 270,541 $ 299,476 $ 437,872 $ 8,414 $ 415,723 $ 242,077 $ 279,852 $ 3,498,693
Interest 4,019 2,202 2,412 3,868 3,868 3,274 2,276 3,611 3,525 4,019 2,202 2,412 37,685
Taxes - - - - - - - - - - - 17,225 17,225
Depreciation 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 168 2,012
Amortization - - - - - - - - - - - - -
EBITDA, as defined $ 410,153 $ 362,354 $ 243,170 $ 161,594 $ 384,674 $ 273,982 $ 301,919 $ 441,651 $ 12,107 $ 419,910 $ 244,447 $ 299,656 $ 3,555,616
Management-Adjusted EBITDA
Donations 16,500 16,500 16,500 16,500 16,500 16,500 16,500 16,500 16,500 16,500 16,500 16,500 198,000
Personal Accountant 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 12,000
Owner Compensation 10,698 10,355 10,953 10,358 10,832 11,186 11,315 11,348 11,546 13,463 12,991 12,457 137,503
Personal Travel 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 1,500 18,000
Total Management Adjustments $ 29,698 $ 29,355 $ 29,953 $ 29,358 $ 29,832 $ 30,186 $ 30,315 $ 30,348 $ 30,546 $ 32,463 $ 31,991 $ 31,457 $ 365,503
Management-Adjusted EBITDA $ 439,851 $ 391,709 $ 273,123 $ 190,952 $ 414,506 $ 304,168 $ 332,234 $ 471,999 $ 42,653 $ 452,373 $ 276,438 $ 331,113 $ 3,921,118
Diligence-Adjusted EBITDA
Recruiter Fees - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Transaction Expenses - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Relocation Expenses - - - - - - - 5,000 6,500 - - - 11,500
Rent & Lease - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Owner Compensation (31,250) (31,250) (31,250) (31,250) (31,250) (31,250) (31,250) (31,250) (31,250) (31,250) (31,250) (31,250) (375,000)
Total Diligence Adjustments $ (31,250) $ (31,250) $ (31,250) $ (31,250) $ (31,250) $ (31,250) $ (31,250) $ (26,250) $ (24,750) $ (31,250) $ (31,250) $ (31,250) $ (363,500)
Diligence-Adjusted EBITDA $ 408,601 $ 360,459 $ 241,873 $ 159,702 $ 383,256 $ 272,918 $ 300,984 $ 445,749 $ 17,903 $ 421,123 $ 245,188 $ 299,863 $ 3,557,618
Adjusted EBITDA margin 12.8% 11.4% 7.4% 5.0% 11.7% 8.4% 9.2% 14.0% 0.6% 13.3% 7.8% 9.5% 9.3%
$6,000,000 60.0%
$5,000,000 50.0%
$4,000,000 40.0%
$3,000,000 30.0%
$2,000,000 20.0%
$1,000,000 10.0%
$- 0.0%
19
20
21
22
9
2
9
2
19
20
21
22
23
9
2
9
2
-1
-2
-2
-2
-1
-2
-2
-2
v-1
v-2
v-2
v-2
l-1
l-2
l-2
l-2
n-
n-
n-
n-
n-
p-
p-
p-
p-
ar
ar
ar
ar
ay
ay
ay
ay
Ju
Ju
Ju
Ju
No
No
No
No
Ja
Ja
Ja
Ja
Ja
Se
Se
Se
Se
M
M
M
M
Total Sales Total COGS Gross Margin Linear (Total Sales) Linear (Total COGS) Linear (Gross Margin)
$6,000,000
$5,000,000
$4,000,000
$3,000,000
$2,000,000
$1,000,000
$-
19
20
21
22
9
2
9
2
19
20
21
22
23
9
2
9
2
-1
-2
-2
-2
-1
-2
-2
-2
v-1
v-2
v-2
v-2
l-1
l-2
l-2
l-2
n-
n-
n-
n-
n-
p-
p-
p-
p-
ay
ay
ay
ay
ar
ar
ar
ar
Ju
Ju
Ju
Ju
No
No
No
No
Ja
Ja
Ja
Ja
Ja
Se
Se
Se
Se
M
M
M
M
Total Sales Inventory
$6,000,000 $1,200,000
$5,000,000 $1,000,000
$4,000,000 $800,000
$3,000,000 $600,000
$2,000,000 $400,000
$1,000,000 $200,000
$- $-
No 9
No 0
No 1
No 2
9
2
9
2
M 9
M 0
M 1
M 2
23
9
2
M 9
M 0
M 1
M 2
1
2
-1
-2
-2
-2
1
2
-1
-2
-2
-2
v-1
v-2
v-2
v-2
l-1
l-2
l-2
l-2
n-
n-
n-
n-
n-
p-
p-
p-
p-
ay
ay
ay
ay
ar
ar
ar
ar
Ju
Ju
Ju
Ju
Ja
Ja
Ja
Ja
Ja
Se
Se
Se
Se
Total Sales Marketing & Advertising Sal aries, Wages & Benefits