MATHEMATICS

11 JEE
th

COMPLEX NUMBER - 
lfEeJ la[;k - 
 VIDYAPEETH
COMPLEX NUMBER - I
DPP-1
(JAM/040)
[lfEeJ la[;k dh ifjHkk"kk] OkkLrfod o dkYifud Hkkx]
1. The value of the sum 13 
n 1 i  i
n n 1
,  1. ;ksx 13n 1 in  in 1  dk eku gS] tgk¡
where i  1, is: i  1 gS%
(A) i – 1 (B) i + 1 (A) i – 1 (B) i + 1
(C) 0 (D) i3 (C) 0 (D) i3

2. The smallest positive integral values of n 2. n dk lcls NksVk /kUkkRed iw.kkZad eku ftlds
n
1 i 
n
 1 i 
for which   is purely imaginary with fy,   /kukRed dkYifud Hkkx ds
1 i  1 i 
positive imaginary part, is: lkFk iw.kZr% dkYifud gS] gSa%
(A) 0 (B) 4 (A) 0 (B) 4
(C) 3 (D) 1 (C) 3 (D) 1

2n (1  i)2n
3. The complex number 3. lfEeJ la[;k  ,n  I dk
(1  i)2n 2n
2n (1  i)2n
 ,n  I, is equal to: eku gS%
(1  i)2n 2n
(A) i (A) i
(B) – i (B) – i
(C) 0 (C) 0
(D) {1 + (–1)n}  in
(D) {1 + (–1)n}  in

4. If i  1 , the number of values of 4. ;fn i  1 gS] fofHkUu n  I ds fy,

in + i–n for different n  I is: in + i–n ds ekukas dh la[;k gS%
(A) 4
(A) 4
(B) 3 (B) 3
(C) 6 (C) 6
(D) None of these (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
5. Find the real part of (1 – i)4 _____. 5. (1 – i)4 dk okLrfod Hkkx Kkr dhft,%
(A) 4 (B) – 4 (A) 4 (B) – 4
(C) 0 (D) 2 (C) 0 (D) 2

5  4i
6. Write standard form a + ib of the given 6. fn, x, dks ekud :i a + ib eas
5  4i 4  5i
following , then find the value of a fyf[k,] rc a vkSj b dk eku Kkr dhft,%
4  5i
40 9
and b: (A) a  ,b 
40 9 41 41
(A) a  ,b  40 9
41 41 (B) a  ,b 
40 9 41 41
(B) a  ,b  40 9
41 41 (C) a  ,b 
40 9 41 41
(C) a  ,b  (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
41 41
(D) NOT

7. The value of (1 + i)(1 + i2)(1 + i3)(1+ i4) is: 7. (1 + i)(1 + i2)(1 + i3)(1+ i4) dk eku gS%

8. ( 2)( 3) is equal to:

8. ( 2)( 3) dk eku gS%
(A) 6 (B)  6
(A) 6 (B)  6
(C) i 6 (D) None of these
(C) i 6 (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
9. If (1 + i)(1 + 2i)(1+3i) … (1 + ni) 9. ;fn (1 + i)(1 + 2i)(1+3i) … (1 + ni)
= a + ib, then 2  5  10  … (1 + n2) = = a + ib gS] rc 2  5  10  … (1 + n2) =
(A) i (B) a2 + b2i (A) i (B) a2 + b2i
(C) a2 + b2 (D) a2 – b2 (C) a2 + b2 (D) a2 – b2

  ;fn  8  i   349  a  ib  gS]

50
 349  a  ib  , then a2 + b2 =
50
10. If 8 i 10.
rc a2 + b2 =
 DPP-2
[lfEeJ la[;k dk fu:i.k] lfEeJ la[;k dk ekikad] ekikad ds xq.k/keZ] lfEeJ
la[;k dk dks.kkad]

(2  i) (2  i)
1. (1  i)  1. (1  i) 
(3  i) (3  i)
1 1 1 1
(A)  (B) (A)  (B)
2 2 2 2
(C) 1 (D) –1 (C) 1 (D) –1

11  3i 11  3i
2. Let z = . If  is a real number such 2. ekuk z = gSA ;fn  ,d okLrfod
1 i 1 i
that z – i is real, then the value of || is: la[;k bl izdkj gS fd z – i okLrfod gS]
rc || dk eku gS%

3. The argument of the complex number 3. lfEeJ la[;k (1 + i)4 dk dks.kkad gS%
(1 + i)4 is: (A) 135º (B) 180º
(A) 135º (B) 180º (C) 90º (D) 45º
(C) 90º (D) 45º
1  2i 1  2i
4. The complex number lies in: 4. lfEeJ la[;k fo|eku gS%
1 i 1 i
(A) First quadrant (A) izFke prqFkkZa'k esa
(B) Second quadrant (B) f}rh; prqFkkZa'k esa
(C) Third quadrant (C) r`rh; prqFkkZa'k esa
(D) Fourth Quadrant (D) prqFkZ prqFkkZa'k esa

2  3isin  2  3isin 
5. A value of  for which is 5.  dk eku ftlds fy, iw.kZr%
1  2isin  1  2isin 
purely imaginary, is: dkYifud gS] gSa%
  3   3
(A) (B) sin 1   (A) (B) sin 1  
6  4  6  4 
 1    1  
(C) sin 1   (D) (C) sin 1   (D)
 3 3  3 3
 i 1 i 1
6. The complex number z  6. lfEeJ la[;k z  dk eku gS%
   
cos  isin cos  isin
3 3 3 3
 cos5 5   cos5 5 
(A) 2i   isin  (A) 2i   isin 
 12 12   12 12 
 cos    cos  
(B) 2  isin  (B) 2  isin 
 12 12   12 12 
   
(C) cos  isin (C) cos  isin
12 12 12 12
 5 5   5 5 
(D) 2  cos  isin  (D) 2  cos  isin 
 12 12   12 12 
 1  3i  1  3i 
7. Argument of the complex number   7. lfEeJ la[;k   dk dks.kkad gS%
 2i   2i 
is: (A) 45° (B) 135°
(A) 45° (B) 135°
(C) 225° (D) 240° (C) 225° (D) 240°

4  2 3i 4  2 3i
8. If z  , then the value of arg(z) is: 8. ;fn z  gS] rc arg(z) dk eku gS%
5  3i 5  3i
 
(A)  (B) (A)  (B)
3 3
2  2 
(C) (D) (C) (D)
3 4 3 4
   
9. If z  cos  isin , then: 9. ;fn z  cos  isin gS] rc%
4 6 4 6
 
(A) z  1, arg(z)  (A) z  1, arg(z) 
4 4
 
(B) z  1, arg(z)  (B) z  1, arg(z) 
6 6
3 5 3 5
(C) z  , arg(z)  (C) z  , arg(z) 
2 24 2 24
3 1 3 1
(D) z  , arg(z)  tan 1 (D) z  , arg(z)  tan 1
2 2 2 2
1 1
10. The real part of is equal 10. ds okLrfod Hkkx dk eku
1  cos   isin  1  cos   isin 
to: gS%
(A) 1/4 (B) 1/2 (A) 1/4 (B) 1/2
(C) tan θ/2 (D) 1/1– cos θ (C) tan θ/2 (D) 1/1– cos θ
 DPP-3
[,d lfEeJ la[;k ds dks.kkad ds xq.k/keZ] T;kferh; fu:i.k]
1  3i 1  3i
1. The amplitude of is: 1. dk dks.kkad gS%
3 1 3 1
(A) π/3 (B) –π/3 (A) π/3 (B) –π/3
(C) π/6 (D) – π/6 (C) π/6 (D) – π/6

1  2i 1  2i
2. The modulus and amplitude of 2. dk ekikad vkSj dks.kkad gS%
1  (1  i)2 1  (1  i)2
are: (A) 2 vkSj π/6 (B) 1 vkSj 0
(A) 2 and π/6 (B) 1 and 0
(C) 1 vkSj π/6 (D) 1 vkSj π/4
(C) 1 and π/6 (D) 1 and π/4

1 i z 1 i z
3. Let z = 1 + i and z1  , then 3. ekuk z = 1 + i vkSj z1  gS] rc
1
z 1  z   z 1  z  
1
z z
12 12
arg(z1) arg(z1):
 
(A) 9 (B) 18 (A) 9 (B) 18
(C) 24 (D) 4 (C) 24 (D) 4

4. The amplitude of (1 + i)5 is: 4. (1 + i)5 dk dks.kkad gS%

(A) 3π/4 (B) –3π/4 (A) 3π/4 (B) –3π/4
(C) –5π/4 (D) 5π/4 (C) –5π/4 (D) 5π/4

5. The amplitude of the complex number 5. lfEeJ la[;k z = sin α + i(1 – cos α) dk
z = sin α + i(1 – cos α) is α ∈ (0, π): dks.kkad α ∈ (0, π) gS%
(A) 2sin α/2 (A) 2sin α/2
(B) α/2 (B) α/2
(C) α (C) α
(D) None of these (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
6.  z  C on the curve C1 : |z| = 4, let the 6. lHkh z  C ds fy, oØ C1 : |z| = 4 ij] ekuk
1 1
locus of the point z  be the curve C2 fcUnq z  dk fcUnqiFk oØ C2 gS] rc mu
z z
then the number of points at which the fcUnqvksa dh la[;k tgk¡ ij oØ C1 vkSj C2
curve C1 and C2 intersect = ______ izfrPNsn djrs gS] gSa%
7. Value of |1 – cos α + i sin α| is: 7. |1 – cos α + i sin α| dk eku gS%
 
(A) 2sin (A) 2sin
2 2
   
(B) 2sin cos (B) 2sin cos
2 2 2 2
 
(C) 2cos (C) 2cos
2 2
 
(D) 2sin 2 (D) 2sin 2
2 2
z2
8. If the center and the radius of the circle 8. ;fn o`Ÿk  2 ds dsUnz vkSj f=T;k
z2 z 3
 2 are respectively (, ) and , Øe'k% (, ) vkSj  gS] rc 3( +  + ) =
z 3
(A) 11
then 3( +  + ) =
(A) 11 (B) 9
(B) 9 (C) 10
(C) 10
(D) 12 (D) 12

 
9. If arg z  , then: 9. ;fn arg z  gS] rc%
4 4
(A) Re(z2) = 9 lm(z2) (A) Re(z2) = 9 lm(z2)
(B) lm(z2) = 0 (B) lm(z2) = 0
(C) Re(z2) = 0 (C) Re(z2) = 0
(D) Re(z) = 0 (D) Re(z) = 0

10. If z1, z2, z3, z4 be the vertices of a 10. ;fn z1, z2, z3, z4 okekoŸkZ fn'kk esa fy, x,
parallelogram taken in anticlockwise lekUrj prqHkqZt ds 'kh"kZ gS vkSj
direction, and |z1 – z2| = |z1 – z4|, then- |z1 – z2| = |z1 – z4| gS] rc%
4

(1) z
4
0
(1)r zr  0
r
(A) r (A)
r 1 r 1
(B) z1 + z2 – z3 – z4 = 0 (B) z1 + z2 – z3 – z4 = 0
z  z2  z  z2 
(C) arg 4 = (C) arg 4 =
z3  z1 3 z3  z1 3
(D) none of these (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
 DPP-4
[dkŸkhZ; :i] /kzqoh; :i] vk;yj :i] lfEeJ la[;k dk lfn'k fu:i.k ]

1. The polar form of z  2  

3  i is/are: 1. z  2  
3  i dk /kzqoh; :i gS/gSa%
  5   5    5   5 
(A) 4 cos    isin   (A) 4 cos    isin  
  6   6    6   6 
  5   5    5   5 
(B) 4 cos    isin   (B) 4 cos    isin  
  6   6    6   6 
(C) Both (A) and (B) (C) nksuksa (A) vkSj (B)
(D) None of these. (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

2. The polar form of complex number 3  i 2. lfEeJ la[;k 3  i dk /kzqoh; :i gS%

is:   
(A) 2  cos  isin 
    3 3
(A) 2  cos  isin 
 3 3   
(B) 2  cos  isin 
    6 6
(B) 2  cos  isin 
 6 6   
(C) 2  cos  isin 
    6 6
(C) 2  cos  isin 
 6 6   
(D) 2   cos  isin 
    6 6
(D) 2   cos  isin 
 6 6

1  3i 1  3i
3. Convert into the polar form. 3. dks /kzqoh; :i esa ifjofrZr dhft,%
1  2i 1  2i
 1 1   1 1 
(A) 2  cos  isin  (A) 2  cos  isin 
 4 4  4 4
 3 3   3 3 
(B) 2  cos  isin  (B) 2  cos  isin 
 4 4  4 4
 3 3   3 3 
(C) 2  cos  isin  (C) 2  cos  isin 
 2 2  2 2
 3 3   3 3 
(D) 2  cos  isin  (D) 2  cos  isin 
 4 4  4 4
4. Convert 4(cos300° + i sin300°) into 4. 4(cos300° + i sin300°) dks dkrhZ; :i esa
Cartesian form. ifjofrZr dhft,%
(A) 2  2 3i (A) 2  2 3i
(B) 2  2 3i (B) 2  2 3i
(C) 2  3 3i (C) 2  3 3i
(D) 4  2 3i (D) 4  2 3i

 n nN ds fy,] ekuk

5. For nN let Sn  z  C: z  3  2i   5.
 4
 n
 1 Sn  z  C: z  3  2i   vkSj
and Tn  z  C: z  2  3i   , then the  4
 n
 1
number of elements in the set Tn  z  C: z  2  3i   gS] rc
 n
n  N:Sn  Tn   is leqPp; n  N:Sn  Tn   esa vo;oksa
(A) 0 (B) 2
(C) 3 (D) 4 dh la[;k gS%
(A) 0 (B) 2
(C) 3 (D) 4

(i  1) (i  1)
6. Convert in polar 6. dks /kqzoh; :i esa
       
cos    isin   cos    isin  
4 4 4 4
form. ifjofrZr dhft,%
(A) cos(/4) + i sin(/4) (A) cos(/4) + i sin(/4)
(B) cos(/2) – i sin(/2) (B) cos(/2) – i sin(/2)
(C) 2 [cos(/4) + i sin(/4)] (C) 2 [cos(/4) + i sin(/4)]
(D) 2 [cos(/2) + i sin(/2)] (D) 2 [cos(/2) + i sin(/2)]

7. The real part of (1 – cos + 2i sin)–1 is: 7. (1 – cos + 2i sin)–1 dk okLrfod Hkkx gS%
1 1
(A) (A)
3  5cos  3  5cos 
1 1
(B) (B)
5  3cos  5  3cos 
1 1
(C) (C)
3  5cos  3  5cos 
1 1
(D) (D)
5  3cos  5  3cos 
 3
 2 2   2 2 
3

 1  sin 9  icos 9   1  sin 9  icos 9 

8. If the value of   is 8. ;fn   dk eku
 1  sin 2  icos 2   1  sin 2  icos 2 
 9 9   9 9 
1
a
 
b  i , then a + b = _____ 1
a
 
b  i gS] rc a + b = _____

9. Euler form of z = – 3 – 4 i is equal to: 9. z = – 3 – 4 i dk vk;yj :i gS%

1 1
(A) 5ei{tan (3/4)}
(A) 5ei{tan (3/4)}

1 1
(B) 5ei{tan (4/3)}
(B) 5ei{tan (4/3)}

1 1
(C) 5ei{tan (4/3)}
(C) 5ei{tan (4/3)}

1 1
(D) ei{tan (3/4)}
(D) ei{tan (3/4)}

i
10. Real part of complex number z = ee is:
(A) ecosθ. {cos (sin θ)}
(B) ecosθ. {cos (cos θ)}
(C) esinθ. {sin (cos θ)}
(D) esinθ. {sin (sin θ)}
i
10. lfEeJ la[;k z = ee dk okLrfod Hkkx gS%
(A) ecosθ. {cos (sin θ)}
(B) ecosθ. {cos (cos θ)}
(C) esinθ. {sin (cos θ)}
(D) esinθ. {sin (sin θ)}
 DPP-5
[lfEeJ la[;kvksa dk chtxf.kr] chtxf.krh; lafØ;kvksa dk T;kferh; vFkZ]
f=Hkqt vlfedk] lekUrj prqHkZt fu;e]
1  i  x  2i   2  3i  y  i  i 1  i  x  2i   2  3i  y  i  i gS] tgk¡
1. If , where 1. ;fn
3i 3i 3i 3i
x and y are real numbers, then ordered pair x vkSj y okLrfod la[;k,¡ gS] rc Øfer ;qXe
(x, y) is equal to: (x, y) dk eku gS%
(A) (–3, 1) (A) (–3, 1)
(B) (1, 3) (B) (1, 3)
(C) (3, –1) (C) (3, –1)
(D) None of these (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

2. The value of ‘n’ if 2. ‘n’ dk eku] ;fn

i  2i  3i  4i 
2 3 4
 ni  18 2 ,
n
i  2i 2  3i3  4i 4   ni n  18 2 ,
where i  1 and n  N, is given by:
tgk¡ i  1 vkSj n  N gS] }kjk fn;k x;k gS%
(A) 7 (B) 54
(A) 7 (B) 54
(C) 27 (D) 36
(C) 27 (D) 36
3. If z = rei and  = eiz, then || and arg () is 3. ;fn z = rei vkSj  = eiz gS] rc || rFkk
equal to: arg () dk eku gS%
(A) ersinθ and rcosθ respectively (A) Øe'k% ersinθ vkSj rcosθ
(B) e-rsinθ and rcosθ respectively (B) Øe'k% e-rsinθ vkSj rcosθ
(C) esinθ and cosθ respectively (C) Øe'k% esinθ vkSj cosθ
(D) rcosθ and e–rsinθ respectively
(D) Øe'k% rcosθ vkSj e–rsinθ
4. The value of expression x4 – 4x3 + 3x2 – 2x + 1 4. O;tad x4 – 4x3 + 3x2 – 2x + 1 dk eku tc
when x = 1 + i is: x = 1 + i gS] gSa%
(A) 4 + 4i (A) 4 + 4i
(B) 4 – 3i (B) 4 – 3i
(C) 4 + 3i (C) 4 + 3i
(D) 3 – 4i (D) 3 – 4i

5. The number of solutions of the system of 5. lehdj.k fudk; Re(z2) = 0, | z | = 2 ds gyksa

equations Re(z2) = 0, | z | = 2 is: dh la[;k gS%
(A) 4 (B) 3 (A) 4 (B) 3
(C) 2 (D) 1 (C) 2 (D) 1
6. The value(s) of x and y for which 6. x vkSj y ds eku] ftlds fy,
(2 + 3i) x – (3 – 2i) y = 2x – 3y + 5i, such
2
(2 + 3i) x2 – (3 – 2i) y = 2x – 3y + 5i bl
that x, y  R, is/are: izdkj gS fd x, y  R gS] gSa%
(A) (1, 1) (A) (1, 1)
 5  5
(B)  0,
(B)  0,
2   2 

(C) nksuksa (A) vkSj (B)
(C) Both (A) and (B)
(D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
(D) None of these

6i 3i 1 6i 3i 1
7. If 4 3i 1  x  iy , then: 7. ;fn 4 3i 1  x  iy gS] rc%
20 3 i 20 3 i
(A) x = y = 0 (A) x=y=0
(B) x = y = 1 (B) x=y=1
(C) x = –1, y = 2 (C) x = –1, y = 2
(D) None of these (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

8. Let z1 and z2 be complex numbers such that 8. ekuk lfEeJ la[;k,¡ z1 vkSj z2 bl izdkj gS
z1  z2, |z1| = |z2|. If z1 has positive real part fd z1  z2, |z1| = |z2| gSA ;fn z1 /kukRed
and z2 has negative imaginary part, then okLrfod Hkkx rFkk z2 _.kkRed dkYifud
z1  z2 z1  z2
Hkkx j[krk gS] rc gks ldrk gS%
z1  z2
may be: z1  z2
(A) okLrfod ,oa /kukRed
(A) Real and positive
(B) iw.kZr% okLrfod
(B) Purely real (C) iw.kZr% dkYifud
(C) Purely imaginary (D) okLrfod ,oa _.kkRed
(D) Real and negative

9. If x and y are positive integer such that 9. ;fn x vkSj y /kukRed iw.kkZad bl izdkj gS fd
M = (x + iy) – 107i is a positive integer,
3
M = (x + iy)3 – 107i /kukRed iw.kkZad gS] rc
M  M 
then the value of   10log M 99  is:   10log M 99  dk eku gS%
2 
 2  2 2 
m/2 n/3
 1 i   1 i   1 i 
m/2
 1 i 
n/3
   1(m,n  N) ,    1(m,n  N)
10. If   ;fn 
 1 i   1 i 
10. 
 1 i   1 i 
then the greatest common divisor of the least gS] rc m vkSj n ds U;wure ekuksa dk egŸke
values of m and n is ____. lekiorZd gS%
 DPP-6
[lfEeJ la[;kvksa dk chtxf.kr] chtxf.krh; lafØ;kvksa dk T;kferh; vFkZ] f=Hkqt
vlfedk] lekUrj prqHkZt fu;e]
1. For a complex number z, the minimum 1. lfEeJ la[;k z ds fy,] |z| + |z – 2| dk
value of |z| + |z – 2| is: U;wure eku gS%
(A) 2 (A) 2
(B) 1 (B) 1
(C) 10 (C) 10
(D) None of these (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

 
2. If zn  cos  2. ;fn zn  cos 
(2n  1)(2n  3) (2n  1)(2n  3)
 
isin , isin
(2n  1)(2n  3) (2n  1)(2n  3)
then lim z1  z2  z3 ,zn  is: gS] rc lim z1  z2  z3 ,zn  gS%
n  n 

   
(A) cos  isin (A) cos  isin
3 3 3 3
   
(B) cos  isin (B) cos  isin
6 6 6 6
5 5 5 5
(C) cos  isin (C) cos  isin
6 6 6 6
3 3 3 3
(D) cos  isin (D) cos  isin
2 2 2 2

3. Let z be a complex numbers such that 3. ekuk ,d lfEeJ la[;k z bl izdkj gS fd

z  2i z  2i
 2,z  i. Then z lies on the circle  2, z  i gSA rc z f=T;k 2 okys o`Ÿk
zi zi
of radius 2 and centre ij fLFkr gS] ftldk dsUnz gS%
(A) (2, 0) (B) (0, 2) (A) (2, 0) (B) (0, 2)
(C) (0, 0) (D) (0, –2) (C) (0, 0) (D) (0, –2)
4. The multiplicative inverse of 2 – 3i is: 4. 2 – 3i dk xq.ku izfrykse gS%
(A) 2 + 3i (A) 2 + 3i
2  3i 2  3i
(B) (B)
2  3i 2  3i
2  3i 2  3i
(C) (C)
13 13
(D) None of these (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

5. The smallest positive integer n for which 5. lcls NksVk /kukRed iw.kkZad n, ftlds fy,
n
 1 i 
n
 1 i 
 1  i   1 , is:  1  i   1 gS] gSa%
   
(A) n = 8 (A) n = 8
(B) n = 12 (B) n = 12
(C) n = 16 (C) n = 16
(D) None of these (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

6. Suppose a, b denotes the distinct real roots 6. ekuk a, b f}?kkr lehdj.k x2 + 20x – 2020
of the quadratic polynomial ds fHkUu okLrfod ewyksa dks n'kkZrs gS vkSj ekuk
x + 20x – 2020 and suppose c, d denote
2
c, d f}?kkr lehdj.k x2 – 20x + 2020 ds fHkUu
the distinct complex roots of the quadratic lfEeJ ewyksa dks n'kkZrs gSA rc
polynomial x2 – 20x + 2020. Then the value
ac (a – c) + ad (a – d) + bc (b – c) + bd (b – d)
of ac (a – c) + ad (a – d) +
dk eku gS%
bc (b – c) + bd (b – d) is:
(A) 0 (B) 8000
(A) 0 (B) 8000
(C) 8080 (D) 16000
(C) 8080 (D) 16000

a  ib a  ib
7. If x  iy  , then (x2 + y2)2 = 7. ;fn x  iy  gS] rc (x2 + y2)2 =
c  id c  id
a 2  b2 ab a 2  b2 ab
(A) (B) (A) (B)
c2  d 2 cd c2  d 2 cd
2
c2  d 2  a 2  b2 
2
c2  d 2  a 2  b2 
(C) (D)  2 2  (C) 2 (D)  2 2 
a 2  b2  c d  a  b2  c d 

8. Let z = cos θ + i sin θ. Then the value of 8. ekuk z = cos θ + i sin θ gS] rc θ = 2° ij
15
 Im(z2m1 ) at θ = 2° is:
15

m1
 Im(z2m1 ) dk eku gS%
m1

1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (A) (B)
sin 2 3sin 2 sin 2 3sin 2
1 1 1 1
(C) (D) (C) (D)
2sin 2 4sin 2 2sin 2 4sin 2
9. The Equation of a circle is 9. ,d o`Ÿk dk lehdj.k
 
Re  z   2  Im  z   2Re  z   0
2 2
 
Re  z   2  Im  z   2Re  z   0
2 2
gS]
where z = x + iy. A line which passes tgk¡ z = x + iy gSA ,d js[kk tks fn, x, o`Ÿk
through the center of the given circle and the ds dsUnz rFkk ijoy; x2 – 6x – y + 13 = 0 ds
vertex of the parabola x2 – 6x – y + 13 = 0, 'kh"kZ ls gksdj xqtjrh gS] ds y-vUr% [k.M dk
has y-intercept length = _____.
eku gS%

(cos   isin )4 (cos   isin )4

10. The value of
(sin   icos )5
(A) cos θ – i sin θ
(B) cos 9θ – i sin 9θ
(C) cos 9θ – i cos 9θ
(D) sin θ – i cos θ
is: 10. dk eku gS%
(sin   icos )5
(A) cos θ – i sin θ
(B) cos 9θ – i sin 9θ
(C) cos 9θ – i cos 9θ
(D) sin θ – i cos θ
 DPP-7
[lfEeJ la[;k dk la;qXeh] lfEeJ la[;k ds la;qXeh ds xq.k/keZ]
lfEeJ la[;k ds y?kqx.kd]
1. The set of values of   R for which 1.   R ds ekuksa dk leqpP; ftlds fy,
x + i ( – 1) x + 5 = 0 will have a pair of
2
x2 + i ( – 1) x + 5 = 0 esa la;qXeh dkYifud
conjugate imaginary roots is:
ewyksa dk ,d ;qXe gksxk%
(A) R
(A) R
(B) {–1} (B) {–1}
(C) {1} (C) {1}
(D) { : 2 – 2 + 21 > 0} (D) { : 2 – 2 + 21 > 0}

2. Let z be a complex number such that 2. ekuk ,d lfEeJ la[;k z bl izdkj gS fd

 
|z| = 1 and arg(z)  , then arg(z2  z) is: |z| = 1 vkSj arg(z)  gS] rc arg(z2  z) gS%
4 4
(A) tan 1  2 1  (A) tan 1  2 1 
(B) tan 1  2  1 (B) tan 1  2  1

(C) 0 (C) 0
(D) None of these (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

3. The complex numbers sinx + icos2x and 3. lfEeJ la[;k sinx + icos2x vkSj
cosx – isin2x are conjugate to each other, cosx – isin2x ijLij la;qXeh gS%
for: (A) x = n, n  I ds fy,
(A) x = n, n  I (B) 0 ds fy,
(B) 0
n
n (C) x  , n  I ds fy,
(C) x  , n I 2
2 (D) x ds fdlh Hkh eku ds fy, ugha
(D) no value of x

4. If for the complex numbers z1 and z 2 4. ;fn lfEeJ la[;kvksa z1 vkSj z2 ds fy,
2 2
1  z1z2  z1  z2   1  z1  2
1 z .
2
2 2 2
1  z1z2  z1  z2   1  z1  2
1 z 
2
2

Then the value of is equal to: gSA rc  dk eku gS%

(A) 8 (A) 8
(B) 1 (B) 1
(C) –1 (C) –1
(D) None of these (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
5. a, b, c are three complex numbers on the 5. bdkbZ o`Ÿk |z| = 1 ij rhu lfEeJ la[;k,¡ a,
unit circle |z| = 1, such that abc = a + b + b, c bl izdkj gS fd abc = a + b + c gSA
c. Then |ab + bc + ca| = rc |ab + bc + ca| =
6. If z1 and z 2 are two complex numbers 6. ;fn z1 vkSj z2 nks lfEeJ la[;k,¡ bl izdkj
z z z1  z2
such that 1 2  1 , then |z1| and |z2|, gS fd  1 gS] rc |z1| vkSj |z2| Øe'k%
1  z1z 2 1  z1z 2
respectively, are: gS%
(A) 1, 2 (B) 2, 1 (A) 1, 2 (B) 2, 1
(C) 10, –10 (D) 1, 1 (C) 10, –10 (D) 1, 1

If  > 0 and z
1 i
2
1  i 2 dk ifjek.k 2
7. , has magnitude 7. ;fn  > 0 vkSj z 
 i i 5
2 gS] rc z =
, then z =
5 1 3 3 1
(A)  i (B)  i
1 3 3 1 5 5 5 5
(A)  i (B)  i
5 5 5 5 1 3 1 3
(C)  i (D)  i
1 3 1 3 5 5 5 5
(C)  i (D)  i
5 5 5 5

1
8. The conjugate of a complex number is 8. ,d lfEeJ la[;k dk la;qXeh gS] rc
1 i 1
, then the complex number is: lfEeJ la[;k gS%
i 1
1 1
1 1 (A) (B)
(A) (B) i 1 i 1
i 1 i 1
1 1
1 1 (C) (D)
(C) (D) i 1 i 1
i 1 i 1

4z1 4z1 4z1 4z1 z z

9. If   0 , then the value of 9. ;fn   0 gS] rc 1 2 dk eku
9z2 9z2 9z2 9z2 z1  z2

z1  z2 gS%
is:
z1  z2 9
(A)
9 4
(A)
4 (B) 1
(B) 1 4
4 (C)
(C) 9
9
(D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
(D) None of these
10. Let z1, z2, z3 represent vertices of a 10. ekuk z1, z2, z3 f=Hkqt ds 'kh"kksaZ dks n'kkZrk gSA
triangle. 1 1 1
dFku-1: + + = 0, tc
Statement-1:
1
+
1
+
1
= 0, z1  z2 z2  z3 𝑧3 −𝑧1

z1  z2 z2  z3 z3  z1 f=Hkqt leckgq gSA

when triangle is equilateral. dFku-2 : |z1|2 – z1 z0 – z1 z0 = |z2|2 – z2 z0 –
Statement-2: |z1|2 – z1 z0 – z1 z0 = |z2|2 – z2 z0
z2 z0 = |z3|2 – z3 z0 – z3 z0, tgk¡ z0 f=Hkqt dk
– z2 z0 = |z3|2 – z3 z0 – z3 z0, where z0 is
ifjdsUnz gSA
circumcentre of triangle. (A) dFku-1 rFkk dFku-2 nksuksa lR; gS vkSj
(A) Statement-1 and Statement-2 are true
& the Statement-2 is correct
dFku-2 dFku-1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k gSA
explanation of the Statement-1. (B) dFku-1 rFkk dFku-2 nksuksa lR; gS vkSj
(B) Statement-1 and Statement-2 are true dFku-2 dFku-1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k
but Statement-2 is not the correct
ugha gSA
explanation of the Statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true but the Statement- (C) dFku-1 lR; gS ysfdu dFku-2 vlR;
2 is false. gSA
(D) Statement-1 is false but Statement-2
(D) dFku-1 vlR; gS ysfdu dFku-2 lR;
is true.
gSA
(E) Statement-1 & Statement-2 are false.
(E) dFku-1 vkSj dFku-2 nksuksa vlR; gSA
 DPP-8
[lfEeJ la[;k dk oxZewy] bdkbZ dk ?kuewy]
1. The square root of (5 – 12i) is: 1. (5 – 12i) dk oxZewy gS%
(A) (3 – 2i) (B) (2 – 3i) (A) (3 – 2i) (B) (2 – 3i)
(C) (3 + 2i) (D) (2 + 3i) (C) (3 + 2i) (D) (2 + 3i)

2. The square root of (9 + 40i) is: 2. (9 + 40i) dk oxZewy gS%

(A) (5 – 4i) (A) (5 – 4i)
(B) (5 + 4i) (B) (5 + 4i)
(C) (4 – 5i) (C) (4 – 5i)
(D) none of these (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

3. If 1, , 2 are the cube roots of unity, then 3. ;fn 1, , 2 bdkbZ ds ?kuewy gS] rc lgh
choose the correct option fodYi dk p;u dhft,%
 
3
(A) (1  )3  1  2 0
 
3
(A) (1  )3  1  2 0
(B) (1    )  0
2 7
(B) (1   2 )7  0

(C) (1  )3  1   
2 3
1

(C) (1  )3  1  2 
3
1
(D) (1    )  1
2 7
(D) (1   2 )7  1

4. If z = x – iy and z1/3 = p + iq, then 4. ;fn z = x – iy vkSj z1/3 = p + iq gS] rc

x y x y
     
 p q   ________.  p q   ________.
p2  q 2 p2  q 2

5. If  is complex cube root of unity, then 5. ;fn  bdkbZ dk lfEeJ ?kuewy gS] rc
(1 –  + 2)6 + (1 – 2 + )6 = (1 –  + 2)6 + (1 – 2 + )6 =
(A) 0 (B) 6 (A) 0 (B) 6
(C) 64 (D) 128 (C) 64 (D) 128

6. If   1 is a cube root of unity and z is a 6. ;fn   1 bdkbZ dk ?kuewy gS vkSj z ,d

complex number such that |z| = 1, then lfEeJ la[;k bl izdkj gS fd |z| = 1, rc
2  3  4z2 2  3  4z2
is equal to: dk eku gS%
4  32 z  2z 4  32 z  2z
(A) –1 (A) –1
(B) 0 (B) 0
(C) 1 (C) 1
(D) none of these (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
7. If  is the cube root of unity, then 7. ;fn  bdkbZ ds ?kuewy gS] rc
 x  2  x  2  3  0  x  2 2 x  2  3  0
10 10
2

x 1 x 1
(A) 285 (B) 945 (A) 285 (B) 945
(C) 1025 (D) 705 (C) 1025 (D) 705

8. If the cube roots of unity are 1, , 2, then 8. ;fn bdkbZ ds ?kuewy 1, , 2 gS] rc
the roots of the equation (x – 1)3 + 8 = 0, lehdj.k (x – 1)3 + 8 = 0 ds ewy gS%
are:
(A) –1, –1 + 2, –1 – 22
(A) –1, –1 + 2, –1 – 22 (B) –1, –1, –1
(B) –1, –1, –1
(C) –1, 1 – 2, 1 – 22
(C) –1, 1 – 2, 1 – 22
(D) –1, 1 + 2, 1 + 22
(D) –1, 1 + 2, 1 + 22
2
;fn x – x + 1 = 0 gS] rc   x n  n  dk
5
9. If x2 – x + 1 = 0, then the value of 9. 2 1
i 1  x 
2
5
 n 1 
 x  x n  is: eku gS%
i 1  
(A) 8
(A) 8
(B) 18
(B) 18
(C) 28
(C) 28
(D) None of these
(D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

10. If x2 + x + 1 = 0, then the numerical value 10. ;fn x2 + x + 1 = 0 gS] rc O;tad

of the expression 2 2 2
 1  2 1   3 1 
 x  x    x  2   x  3  
2 2 2
 1  2 1   1 
x  x  x  2    x3  3      x   x 
   x   x  2 2
 4 1   27 1 
 x  4   ...   x  27  dk
2 2
 4 1   1 
 x    ...   x 27  27  is:  x   x 
 x4   x  la[;kRed eku gS%
(A) 45 (B) 54 (A) 45 (B) 54
(C) 86 (D) 19 (C) 86 (D) 19
11. If ( 1) is a cube root of unity and 11. ;fn ( 1) bdkbZ dk ?kuewy gS vkSj
(1 + 2)n = (1 + 4)n, then the least positive (1 + 2)n = (1 + 4)n gS] rc n dk U;wure
value of n is:
(A) 2 (B) 3
/kukRed eku gS%
(C) 5 (D) 6 (A) 2 (B) 3
(C) 5 (D) 6
 DPP-9
[Mh&ek;oj izes;] bdkbZ dk noka ewy]
1. If α is an imaginary seventh root of unity, 1. ;fn α bdkbZ dk lkroka dkYifud ewy gS] rc
then the equation whose roots are α + α2 + α4 lehdj.k ftlds ewy α + α2 + α4 vkSj
and α3 + α5 + α6 is:
α3 + α5 + α6 gS%
(A) x2 – x –2 = 0
(A) x2 – x –2 = 0
2
(B) x + x + 2 = 0 (B) x2 + x + 2 = 0
(C) x2 + x –2 = 0 (C) x2 + x –2 = 0
(D) None of these (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

2. If 1, α1, α2, α3, ………., αn–1 are the nth 2. ;fn 1, α1, α2, α3, ………., αn–1 bdkbZ ds nosa
roots of unity, then the value of (1 + α1) ewy gS] rc (1 + α1) (1 + α2) (1 + α3)…..(1
(1 + α2) (1 + α3)…..(1 + αn–1) is: + αn–1) dk eku gS%
(A) 1, if n is even (A) 1, ;fn n le gS
(B) 0, if n is odd (B) 0, ;fn n fo"ke gS
(C) –1, if n is even
(C) –1, ;fn n le gS
(D) 1, if n is odd
(D) 1, ;fn n fo"ke gS

3. If α is non-real and   5 1 , then the value 3. ;fn α vokLrfod gS vkSj   5 1 gS] rc

12 –2 1 12 –2 1
of 2 is. 2 dk eku gS%

4. If 1, α1, α2, α3, …………….., α2008 are 4. ;fn 1, α1, α2, α3, …………….., α2008 bdkbZ
(2009)th roots of unity, then the value of 2008
2008 ds (2009)osa ewy gS] rc  r  r  2009r 
 r  r  2009r   r 1
r 1
dk eku gS%
(A) –2009 (B) 2009
(A) –2009 (B) 2009
(C) 0 (D) 2008
(C) 0 (D) 2008

5. Number of roots of the

equation 5. _.kkRed okLrfod Hkkx okys lehdj.k
z10 – z5 – 992 = 0 with real part negative,
z10 – z5 – 992 = 0 ds ewyksa dh la[;k gS%
is:
(A) 2 (B) 3
(A) 2 (B) 3
(C) 4 (D) 5
(C) 4 (D) 5
 2r 2r 2r 2r
6. If zr  cos  isin , r = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 6. ;fn zr  cos  isin , r = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
5 5 5 5
then z 0 z1 z 2 z3 z 4 is equal to: gS] rc z 0 z1 z 2 z3 z 4 dk eku gS%
(A) –1 (B) 0 (A) –1
(B) 0
(C) 1
(C) 1
(D) None of these (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

7. The equation whose roots are nth power of the 7. og lehdj.k ftlds ewy lehdj.k
roots of the equation, x2 – 2x cos + 1 = 0 is x2 – 2x cos + 1 = 0 ds ewyksa dh nosa ?kkr gS]
given by: fuEu izdkj fn;k x;k gS%
(A) (x + cos n)2 + sin2 n = 0 (A) (x + cos n)2 + sin2 n = 0
(B) (x – cos n)2 + sin2 n = 0 (B) (x – cos n)2 + sin2 n = 0
(C) x2 + 2x cos n +1 = 0 (C) x2 + 2x cos n +1 = 0
(D) x2 + 2x cos n +1 = 0 (D) x2 + 2x cos n +1 = 0

8. If 1, , 2, ..... n–1 are n, nth roots of unity, 8. ;fn 1, , 2, ..... n–1 bdkbZ ds nos,a n ewy gS]
the value of (9 – ) (9 – 2) .... (9 – n–1) rks (9 – ) (9 – 2) .... (9 – n–1) dk eku
will be: gksxk%
(A) n (B) 0 (A) n (B) 0
9 1
n
9 1
n
9 1
n
9n  1
(C) (D) (C) (D)
8 8 8 8

 8   8   8   8 
9. If   cos    isin   , then 9. ;fn   cos    isin   gS] rc
 11   11   11   11 
Re( + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5) is equal: Re( + 2 + 3 + 4 + 5) dk eku gS%
1 1 1 1
(A) (B)  (A) (B) 
2 2 2 2
(C) 0 (C) 0
(D) None of these (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

10. If  is an imaginary fifth root of unity, then 10. ;fn  bdkbZ dk ikpok¡ dkYifud ewy gS] rc
1 1
2 log4 1   2  3   2 log4 1   2  3  
 
 DPP-10
[vuqHkkx lw=] prqHkZqt ds fy, izfrcU/k] lfEeJ la[;kvksa dk ?kw.kZu] vkxZsaM ry esa
ljy js[kk,¡] vkxsZaM ry esa o`Ÿk] vkxsZaM ry esa egŸoiw.kZ ukfHk;ka ]
1. Let z1 = 10 + 6i and z2 = 4 + 6i. If z is any 1. ekuk z1 = 10 + 6i vkSj z2 = 4 + 6i gSA ;fn z
complex number such that the argument of z  z1
z  z1 dksbZ lfEeJ la[;k bl izdkj gS fd
is /4, then the value of 2 |z – 7 – 9i| z  z2
z  z2
dk dks.kkad /4 gS] rc 2 |z – 7 – 9i| dk
is equal to:
eku gS%
2. If magnitude of a complex number 4 – 3i 2. ;fn lfEeJ la[;k 4 – 3i dk ifjek.k rhu
is tripled and is rotated by an angle  xquk dj fn;k tk, vkSj  dks.k rd okekoŸkZ
anticlockwise, then resulting complex fn'kk esa ?kqek;k tkrk gS] rc ifj.kkeh lfEeJ
number would be la[;k gksxh%
(A) –12 + 9i (A) –12 + 9i
(B) –6i (B) –6i
(C) 12 + 9i (C) 12 + 9i
(D) None of these (D) buessa ls dksbZ ugha

3. The points z1  3  i 3 and z2  2 3  6i 3. fcUnq z1  3  i 3 vkSj z2  2 3  6i lfEeJ

are given on a complex plane. The lery ij fn, x, gSA lfn'k z1 vkSj z2 }kjk
complex number lying on the bisector of fufeZr dks.k ds lef}Hkktd ij fLFkr lfEeJ
the angle formed by the vectors z1 and z2 la[;k gS%
is: (A) z = 1 – i
(A) z = 1 – i
3  2 3   (B) z 
3  2 3   32
32 i
(B) z i 2 2
2 2 (C) z = 15 + 5i
(C) z = 15 + 5i (D) z = 4 + 4i
(D) z = 4 + 4i

4. The argument of  z  a  z  b is equal to 4.  z  a  z  b dk dks.kkad]

that of
 
3  i 1  3i  , where a, b are  
3  i 1  3i  ds dks.kkad ds cjkcj gS]
1 i 1 i
real numbers. If locus of z in the argand tgk¡ a, b okLrfod la[;k,¡ gSA ;fn vkxsZaM
diagram is a circle with its centre at vkjs[k esa z dk fcUnqiFk ,d o`Ÿk gS ftldk
3  i  , then the ordered pair (a, b) is: 3  i  gS] rc Øfer ;qXe (a, b) gS%
dsUnz
2 2
(A) (–2, 1) (A) (–2, 1)
(B) (2, 1) (B) (2, 1)
(C) (1, 1) (C) (1, 1)
(D) None of these (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha
5. The Centre of a regular hexagon is at the 5. fu;fer "kV~Hkqt dk dsUnz] fcUnq z = i ij gSA
point z = i. If one of its vertices is at 2 + i, ;fn blds 'kh"kksZa esa ls ,d 2 + i ij gS] rc
then the adjacent vertices of 2 + i are at the
2 + i ds vklUu 'kh"kZ fcUnqvksa ij gS%
points:
(A) 1  2i
(A) 1  2i
(B) i  1  3
(B) i  1  3

 
(C) 2  i 1  3
 
(C) 2  i 1  3

1  i 1  3 
1  i 1  3 
(D)
(D)

6. The equation |z + i| – |z – i| = K represents 6. lehdj.k |z + i| – |z – i| = K vfrijoy; dks

a hyperbola if fu:fir djrk gS] ;fn&
(A) –2 < K < 2 (A) –2 < K < 2
(B) K > 2 (B) K > 2
(C) 0 < K < 2 (C) 0 < K < 2
(D) None of these (D) buesa ls dksbZ ugha

7. Consider an ellipse having its foci at A(z1) 7. vkxZs.M lery esa ,d nh?kZo`Ÿk ij fopkj
and B(z2) in the Argand plane. If the dhft, ftldh ukfHk;k¡ A(z1) vkSj B(z2) ij gSA
eccentricity of the ellipse be ‘e’ and it is ;fn nh?kZo`Ÿk dh mRdsUnzrk ‘e’ gS vkSj ;g
known that origin is an interior point of the
Kkr gS fd dsUnz nh?kZo`Ÿk dk vUr% fcUnq gS]
ellipse, then:
rc%
 z z 
(A) e   0, 1 2   z z 
 z z (A) e   0, 1 2 
 1 2   z z
 1 2 
 z z 
(B) e   0, 1 2   z z 
 z z (B) e   0, 1 2 
 1 2   z z
 1 2 
 z z 
(C) e   0, 1 2   z z 
 z z (C) e   0, 1 2 
 1 2   z z
 1 2 
(D) Cannot be discussed
(D) ppkZ ugha dh tk ldrh gS
8. Statement-1: The locus of the centre of a 8.
circle which touches the circles |z – z1| = a
and |z – z2| = b externally (z, z1 and z2 are
complex numbers) will be hyperbola.
Statement-2: |z – z1| – |z – z2| < |z2 – z1|
z lies on hyperbola.
(A) Statement-1 and Statement-2 are true
& the Statement-2 is correct
explanation of the Statement-1.
(B) Statement-1 and Statement-2 are true
but Statement-2 is not the correct
explanation of the Statement-1.
(C) Statement-1 is true but the Statement-
2 is false.
(D) Statement-1 is false but Statement-2
is true.
(E) Statement-1 & Statement-2 are false.
dFku-1: o`Ÿk ds dsUnz dk fcUnqiFk tks o`Ÿkksa
|z – z1| = a vkSj |z – z2| = b dks ckg~; :i ls
Li'kZ djrk gS (z, z1 vkSj z2 lfEeJ la[;k,¡ gS)
vfrijoy; gksxk%
dFku-2: |z – z1| – |z – z2| < |z2 – z1| 
z vfrijoy; ij fo|eku gSA
(A) dFku-1 rFkk dFku-2 nksuksa lR; gS vkSj
dFku-2 dFku-1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k gSA
(B) dFku-1 rFkk dFku-2 nksuksa lR; gS vkSj
dFku-2 dFku-1 dk lgh Li"Vhdj.k
ugha gSA
(C) dFku-1 lR; gS ysfdu dFku-2 vlR;
gSA
(D) dFku-1 vlR; gS ysfdu dFku-2 lR;
gSA
(E) dFku-1 vkSj dFku-2 nksuksa vlR; gSA

 
9. If

z – 2 – i  z sin  – arg z  , then 9. ;fn z – 2 – i  z sin  – arg z  gS] rc
4  4 
locus of z is/an: z dk fcUnqiFk gS/gSa&
(A) Ellipse (A) nh?kZo`Ÿk
(B) Circle (B) o`Ÿk
(C) Parabola (C) ijoy;
(D) Pair of straight lines (D) ljy js[kkvksa dk ;qXe
10. The locus of z, which lies in shaded region 10. z dk fcUnqiFk] tks Nka;kfdr {ks= (lhekvksa dks
(excluding the boundaries) is best, NksM+dj) esa fLFkr gS] fuEu }kjk vPNs ls
represented by n'kkZ;k tkrk gS%
(–1+ 2, 2 )
(–1+ 2, 2 )

(–1 + 2, – 2)
(–1 + 2, – 2)
(A) z : | z + 1| > 2 and |arg (z + 1)| < π/4 (A) z : | z + 1| > 2 vkSj |arg (z + 1)| < π/4
(B) z : | z – 1| > 2 and |arg (z – 1)| < π/4 (B) z : | z – 1| > 2 vkSj |arg (z – 1)| < π/4
(C) z : | z – 1| > 2 and |arg (z + 1)| < π/2
(C) z : | z – 1| > 2 vkSj |arg (z + 1)| < π/2
(D) z : | z – 1| < 2 and |arg (z + 1)| < π/2
(D) z : | z – 1| < 2 vkSj |arg (z + 1)| < π/2