Differentiability

Derivation of function:
Let the function f ( x) is defined at x  a .Then
f ( a  h)  f ( a )
f (a)  lim ;...........(1)
h 0 h
Is called the derivative of f ( x) at x  a provided the limit of (1) exists.

Left hand Derivative (L.H.D):

f ( a  h)  f ( a )
If lim exists then it is called left hand derivative (L.H.D) of f ( x) at x  a and it
h 0 h
f ( a  h)  f ( a )
denoted by Lf (a)  lim
h 0 h

Right hand Derivative (R.H.D):

f ( a  h)  f ( a )
If lim exists then it is called Right hand derivative (R.H.D) of f ( x) at x  a and it
h 0 h
f ( a  h)  f ( a )
denoted by Rf (a)  lim .
h 0 h
Differentiable Function:
The function f ( x) is differentiable at x  a if left hand derivative (L.H.D)= Right hand
derivative (R.H.D).i.e.
f ( a  h)  f ( a ) f ( a  h)  f ( a )
Lf (a)  Rf (a) or lim  lim
h 0 h h 0 h
Does not differentiable Function:
The function f ( x) does not differentiable at x  a if left hand derivative (L.H.D)= Right hand
derivative (R.H.D).i.e.
f ( a  h)  f ( a ) f ( a  h)  f ( a )
Lf (a)  Rf (a) or lim  lim
h 0 h h  0 h

Theorem:
1. If the function f ( x) is differentiable at x  a then the function is continuous at the point.
Proof: Since f ( x) is differentiable at x  a
f ( a  h)  f ( a )
So f (a)  lim is finite
h 0 h
Now, we can write
f ( a  h)  f ( a ) f ( a  h)  f ( a )
lim f (a  h)  f (a)  lim  h  lim  lim h  f ( a)  0  0
h 0 h 0 h h 0 h h 0

 lim f (a  h)  f (a)  0
h 0

 lim f (a  h)  f (a)
h 0

 lim f (a  h)  f (a)
h 0
From the definition of continuity, the function f ( x) is continuous at x  a
Hence the function f ( x) is differentiable at x  a then the function is continuous at the point.
Question:
1. Show that the function f ( x)  x2  2 is continuous and differentiable at x  1
2. A function f ( x) is define as follows:
 x when 0  x  1/ 2
f  x  
1  x when1/ 2  x  1
Then show that the function f ( x) is continuity of at x  1/ 2 but is not differentiable at this
point
3. A function f ( x) is define as follows:
1 when x  1
f  x  
 x when x  1
Test the continuity and differentiability at x  1 .
4. Show that the function f ( x)  x  1 is continuous and differentiable at x  1
5. A function f ( x) is define as follows:

1 when x  0

 
f ( x)  1  sin x when 0  x 
 2
 
2  ( x  ( / 2)) when x  2
2

Discuss the continuity and differentiability at x  0 and x   / 2

Or, show that f ' ( x) exist at x   / 2 but does not exist at x  0
6. A function f ( x) is define as follows:
 2 1
 x sin when x  0
f ( x)   x
0 when x  0
Show that f ( x) differentiable at x  0 but f ' ( x) is not continuous at x  0 .
7. A function f ( x) is define as follows:
 1
 x  x sin when x  0
4/3
f ( x)   x
0 when x  0
show that f ' ( x) exist at x  0
8. If f  x   x  1  x  3 then discuss the continuity and differentiability of the function at
x  3 and x  1
9. Discuss the continuity and differentiability of f  x   x  1  x at the point x  0 and x  1 .
10. Prove that the function f ( x)  x  3 is differentiable every where except at x  3 .
11. A function f ( x) is define as follows:

f  x   5x  4 when 0  x  1
 4 x 2  3x when 1  x  2
 3x  4 when x  3 2
Test differentiability at x  1 and x  2 .
12. A function f ( x) is define as follows
 x 2  1 when x  0

f  x    x when 0  x  1
1/ x when x  1

Show that f ( x) is differentiability at x  0 and x  1

13. A function f ( x) is define as follows

f  x   3  2 x when  3 2  x  0
 3  2 x when 0  x  3 2
 3  2 x when x  3 2
Show that function f ( x) is differentiability at x  0 and x  3 2 .14
14. A function f ( x) is define as follows:
f  x   1  x when x  0
 x when 0  x  1
 2  x when 1  x  2
 2 x  x 2 when x  2
Show that function f ( x) is continuous at x  1 and x  2 but f ' ( x) is not at that point.

Question: Find the derivatives of first principle

1
(1)e tan x
(2) ln cos x (3) ln sin x (4) x ln x (5) x x
dy
Question: Find the differential coefficient of the following with respect to x (Find )
dx
 (1) y  tan(ln sin e x ) (2) y  ( x 2  1) sin 1 x  e 1 x 2

 a  b cos x 
(3) y  cos 1   (4) y  esin x sin( a x )
 b  a cos x 
ax   1  tan x 
 5 y  tan 1   (6) y  tan 1  
 1  ax   1  tan x 
 1 x 
1/4
 cos x  1
(7) y  tan 1   (8) y  ln    tan x
1 2

 1  sin x   1 x  2
x2 3
 x  x  1 3/2 
(9) y  ecos ec (10) y  ln  e 
2

  x  1  
 
(11) y  log cos x (tan 2 2 x) (12) 1  1/ x   x1/ x
x

(13) y  (sin x) ln x  sin 2 (cos 1 x) (14)(cos x) y  (sin y ) x  0

(15) y  (tan x) cot x   cot x 
1
1 x 2
(16)( x 2  1)sin e
tan x x

nx
n  x
(17) y    1  ln  (18) x p y q  ( x  y ) p  q
 x  n
1 x 2
(19) x y  y x  a b (20) y  ( x 2  1)  (sin 1 x) 2
e x tan 1 x
2
1
(21) y  (22) y  x ln x  x cos
1  x2
7 2 x3  1sin 5 x
(23) y  (sin x) cos x  (cos x)sin x (24) y 
(2 x  3)( x  1)
1 x 1  x2 1
(25) y  tan 1 (26) y  tan 1 .
1 x x
 1 x 
(27) y  sin 1 (2ax 1  a 2 x 2 ) (28) y  sin  2 tan 1 
 1  x 
a b  2 x
ax
a b
 a b2  a 2   a 
Question: If f ( x)    then show that f (0)   2 ln    .
b x   b ab   b 
dy
Question: Find
dx
2t 2t
(i) x  a(  sin  ) , y  a(1  cos  ) (ii) tan y  ,sin x 
1 t 2
1 t2
Question:
 2x   2x 
1. Differentiate tan 1  2 
with respect to sin 1  2 
 1 x   1 x 
1 x
2. Differentiate tan 1 with respect to x
1 x
3. Differentiate ex with respect to x
1
4. Differentiate esin x
with respect to cos3x
1
5. Differentiate xsin with respect to sin 1 x
x

x 1
6. Differentiate tan 1 with respect to sec1 2
1 x 2 2x 1
 1  x2 1 
7. Differentiate tan 1   with respect to tan 1 x
 x 
 
 1  x2 1 
8. Differentiate tan 1   with respect to tan 1 x
 x 
 
Md.Nurul Alam
Lecturer(Mathematics)
Barishal Engineering College, Barishal.