ALTO MOLOCUE SENCONDAY SCHOOL

WORK OF INGLESH

NAME OF TEACHER: NAME OF STUNDENT:

FRIO ARCENIO ARCANJO PEDRO
ARGENTINA SANTOS PEDRO
ARMANDO JORGE FRANCISCO
ARGENTINA LOPES
ARMANDO FERNANDO
GRAD: 12°
CLASS: B/D

MALÁRIA
Study of Malária

ALTO MOLOCUE
11 DE JUNHO 2024
 SUMÁRIO

INTRODUCION 3
1 INTRODUCION OF MALARIA 4
2 TRANSMICION OF DONATION 4
3 SYMTOMS OF MALARIA 5
4 MALÁRIA TREATMENT 5
5 MALÁRIA PREVENTION 6
6 CONCLUSION 4
7 BIBLIOGRAPHY 5
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1 INTRODUÇÃO

Introduction
The investigative work of English is based on the study of malaria and the following
work is composed of the following malaria-related subtles: its mode of transmission;
their symptoms; its mode of treatment; and by its mode of prevention. In this work the
themes are organized depending on their organizational sequence
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2 DIGITE O TÍTULO AQUI

Malaria Introduction
Malaria
Malaria is an infectious disease caused by a unicellular protozo, of the plasmodium
genus, which distributes its life cycle between mosquitoes of the gender anopheles
and vertebrates. Although there are several species of this parasite, only five were
recognized as having the ability to infect man. Among these species, Plasmodium
Falciparum is the most deadly and is distributed mainly by the African continent. P.
Vivax is the least dangerous but however it is disseminated by several zones. P.
OVALE, P. Malariae and P. Knowlesi are found less frequently, and the latter is
limited to Malaysia. Malaria is considered the parasitic disease with greater
worldwide impact, being a major disease-pain in tropical and subtropical countries,
affecting mainly children under five and pregnant women (Biggs and Brown, 2001;
Cox-Singh et al, 2008; WHO, 2011A). According to the World Health Organization
(WHO), every 45 seconds a child with malaria in Africa (WHO, 2011) dies.
In the past, malaria has already been one of the main public health problems in our
country but eventually eradicated due to measures adopted that mainly targeting the
vector control. The vector and parasite causing the disease are highly sensitive to
climatic conditions and therefore, with climate change that are expected in the future,
it becomes considerable to be aware of a possible timeing of malaria in Mozambique

Transmission of Donation
The transmission may occur by mosquito bite sporozitures, blood transfusion
infected by the parasite, use of syringes that have been contampled people infected
and still by congenital transmission of mother to child.
Then already in the bloodstream, invade the red blood cells and, in constant
multiplication, begin to destroy them. From now on, the first symptoms of the disease
appear. The disease can also be purchased through the direct account with the blood
of an infected person (such as in blood transfusions or organs transplant or by
sharing syringes between injecting drug users). The Ministry of Health in Brazil
establishes strict criteria in the selection of blood donors and organs, to prevent
people from being infected, not only by malaria, but also by other diseases such as
hepatitis and AIDS.
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Symptoms of Malaria
The main clinical manifestation of malaria in its initial phase is fever, associated or
not the chills, tremors, intense su- ores, headache and pain in the body. The fever in
malaria corresponds to the moment when the red blood cells broke. The person who
contracted the disease may also have, among other symptoms, vomiting, diarrhea,
abridden pain, lack of appetite, dizziness and tiredness.

If the disease is not treated, complications such as the development of anemia due to
the high destruction of erythrocytes by the parasite. Another complication that may
exist is the cerebral malaria call caused only by P. falciparum. Is due to the
phenomenon already addressed in which erythrocytes are abducted, adhering to
brain microvasculature, making it difficult or preventing normal blood flow by
continuing congestion, edema, Anoxia, local necrosis and last death. In this species
infection can also occur renal failure, respiratory problems, myocardial dysfunctions
and arrhythmias due to the same phenomenon verified in brain malaria, but it is not
common. (Biggs and Brown, 2001) As infection progresses an increase in spleen
(splenome-galia) is due to presumably the removal function of the parasitized
erythrocytes of the blood.
In a lower extent there is hepatomegaly being rare the occurrence of hepatic
bankruptcy. (Biggs and Brown, 2001; Heyneman, 2007) Symptoms of Infection by P.
Vivax, P. Ovale and P. Maliare are usually indistinctivities of P. falciparum, but in the
latter patients can evolve rapidly For more severe malaria if it is not diagnosed in a
timely manner and do not make a correct pharmacological treatment. Other species
although they produce a softer infection have the ability to remain latent and cause a
relapse years later. The relapses of P. Vivax and P. Ovale may occur two to five
years after exposure but usually occur in the first six months. In infection by P.
Malariae were described relapses 40 years after cousin-infection. (Biggs and Brown,
2001).

Malaria Treatment
Success in the treatment of malaria depends on a well and correct diagnosis and the
application of the most appropriate antimalarage therapy in as soon as possible. The
clinical diagnosis is primarily made which is based on the history of the patient as a
clinical examination is performed to evaluate the symptoms. According to this entity,
the treatment only based on suspicion through clinical diagnosis should only be
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considered when the research of blood parasites is not possible.

In addition to microscopic research, quick diagnostic tests may be used that allow the
blood detection of specific antigens produced by the parasites. On the market there
are tests that are exclusive to P. Falciparum as is the case for para- check-pf.
These tests detect in the blood a protein present exclusively in the species P.
falciparum, (histidine-rich protein 2), through mono-clonal antibodies. In addition to
these, there are tests that discriminate P. falciparum of other species, as is the case
of Optimal. In addition to the rapid antigen detection tests it is possible to detect
deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the parasite in blood samples through the PCR
(Polymerase Chain Reaction) method. This method is very useful for situations of low
blood parasitement in the blood that is not detectable through the microscope or
quick tests but however, because it is a very expensive equipment and being more
moroso than others, its use is very restricted. (Brazilian Ministry of Health) Parasites
are found in greater quantity in the blood when the patient is feverish.
The sporoítes and merezoítes are hard to find because they meet time in the
blood.

Malaria Prevention
Personal protection measures are the most effective forms of prevention, considering
that there is still no vaccine available against malaria. These measures are main
aimed to prevent or reduce the possibility of contact man-mosquito transmitter.
In areas of transmission is considered risk behavior attend places near natural
mosquito breeding, such as river border or flooded areas at the end of the afternoon
until dawn, as in these times there are a larger number of mosquitoes of malaria
circulating.
It is also important to reduce the extension of the areas discovered areas with the use
of pants and long-sleeved shirts. In addition, the body discoveries must always be
protected by reinforcements that should also be applied on the clothes.
Another important measure of individual protection is the use of: repellents, curtains
and kettings impregnated with insecticides (pyether-based) on the bed or network,
ports and windows and insecticide in the environment where Sleeps. These care not
only protect against the bite of malaria transmitters, but also against the pion of other
transmitted insects of other diseases.
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3 CONCLUSÃO

Conclusion
This time we come to the end of the work of English reporting related matters with
Malaria and we take the work with the theme that explains to us how to prevent
malaria and their forms of prevention in every way
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REFERÊNCIAS

ESTEVES, Alexandra LeonorAlves; Malaria Trabalho Univertario de Ciências

Medicas ,Online disponível na internet via:http:www.google// T.Malária passado,
presente e futuro.com. Porto,Disponível 2012