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Chapter 10
Sexuality and the Life Cycle: Adulthood
1. Which of the following indicates sexual maturity?
A. being able to orgasm
B. taking precautions against sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
C. being able to make your partner orgasm
D. abstaining from post-relationship sex
Feedback: Sex and the Single Person, 245

Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Learning Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe the never married and the experience of being single.
Topic: Being Single
2. Which of the following, if true, indicates that Cassandra has reached sexual maturity?
A. She refrains from sharing her sexual likes and dislikes with her partner.
B. She hides her sexual orientation to refrain from going against societal norms and to avoid being ridiculed in society.
C. She maintains several casual relationships, each for sexual gratification.
D. She always uses either a condom or a diaphragm during intercourse as a precaution.

APA Learning Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Topic: Being Single
3. Which of the following is true of being responsible about sex?

A. It implies practicing serial monogamy instead of regular monogamy.
B. It implies being able to orgasm simultaneously with one's sexual partner.
C. It includes refraining from masturbation before marriage.
D. It includes protecting oneself against sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and preventing unwanted pregnancies.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Being Single
4. How can one develop sexual maturity?

A. by developing a capacity for intimacy
B. by making your own pleasure priority
C. by abstaining from post-relationship sex
D. by refraining from masturbation

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Being Single
5. Which of the following is true of the "never married" group?

A. It consists solely of individuals who have chosen to remain single for life.
B. It includes individuals who intend to marry some day in the future and those who have decided to remain single.
C. It consists of priests, nuns, and people who remain single because they have taken a vow of celibacy.
D. It excludes homosexual people who cannot marry because of the law.
10-1
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent
of McGraw-Hill Education.
APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Being Single
6. Which of the following is true of marital trends in American society?

A. The median age of first marriage in 2012 was 35 for women.
B. The median age of first marriage in 2012 was 40 for men.
C. Most adults in U.S. society marry.
D. All adolescents engage in serial monogamy.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Being Single
7. A common sexual pattern among adolescents is _____.

A. serial monogamy
B. abstinence
C. polyandry
D. celibacy

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Topic: Being Single
8. Which of the following is true of celibacy and virginity?

A. Studies conducted on celibacy are exhaustive and their results well documented.
B. Male virginity was more likely among those who reported early pubertal development.
C. Published studies do not always distinguish voluntary from involuntary celibates.
D. Female virginity was predicted by achieving high scores on a test of cognitive function.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Being Single
9. Craig has never had sexual intercourse. He rarely dates and refrains from engaging in partnered sexual intimacy. In the context
of types of involuntary celibacy, Craig is most likely a _____.
A. virgin
B. libertine
C. swinger
D. philanderer

Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Being Single
10-2
10. Meg has had sexual intercourse twice in the past and found it unsatisfactory both times. She lives with her mother and her
long work hours make it difficult for her to meet potential dates. In the context of types of involuntary celibacy, Meg is most
likely to be categorized as _____.
A. a swinger
B. a virgin
C. single
D. partnered

Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Topic: Being Single
11. Brittany is in a stable relationship with her boyfriend. While they were frequently intimate at the beginning of their
relationship, they no longer engage in any kind of sexual intimacy. In the context of types of involuntary celibacy, Brittany is
most likely to be categorized as _____.
A. single
B. a swinger
C. a virgin
D. partnered

Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Topic: Being Single
12. William is a 32-year-old single man. His social circle consists of people who are already married and some who are well on
their way to starting families. Watching his friends, William becomes insecure and regrets not having a wife and children.
According to research, his feelings are probably fueled by _____.
A. homonormativity
B. cultural imperialism
C. genderism
D. singleism

Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Topic: Being Single
13. _____ is the stigmatizing and stereotyping of people who are not in a socially recognized couple relationship.
A. Homonormativity
B. Sexual imperialism
C. Singleism
D. Genderism

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Topic: Being Single
14. Which of the following is true of singleism?

A. It is the stereotyping and stigmatization of single people.
B. It discourages people from wanting to be in a relationship.
10-3
C. It encourages people to stay single over the long run.
D. It motivates people to stay celibate over their lifetime.

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Topic: Being Single
15. Which of the following is true of the singles scene?

A. It is institutionalized in the form of singles bars and singles apartment complexes.
B. It is seldom frequented by divorced or widowed people.
C. It is frequented solely by single homosexuals.
D. It is institutionalized by social structures, such as schools and colleges.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Being Single
16. Which of the following is true of technology and the singles scene?
A. Apps such as Tinder enable men and women to find potential partners.
B. Contacts made online can only lead to one-night stands.
C. Technology does not create an atmosphere that is conducive for sexual activity.
D. The Internet offers only a few portals that single people can use to meet each other.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Being Single
17. In the context of the ways in which singles can meet, which of the following is true of contacts made online?
A. They can only lead to one-night stands.
B. They will not result in continuing relationships.
C. They may sometimes evolve to include cybersex.
D. They always engage in masturbation.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Being Single
18. Which of the following statements does research support?

A. Black men and women are more likely to remain single than are their white counterparts.
B. Fewer Hispanic households are headed by a single woman than are white households.
C. It is difficult for most white men to find a job that will allow them to support a family.
D. An overwhelming majority of Asian households are headed by single women.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Being Single
10-4
19. Single adults engage in a variety of relationships, from those whose focus is sexual satisfaction to those whose focus is
commitment. Which of the following did researchers find when studying these relationships?
A. Sexual activity in nonromantic relationships was associated with lower relationship quality.
B. Sexual activity in nonromantic relationships had no impact upon relationship quality.
C. People who have had more prior partners are more likely to be in romantic relationships.
D. People who reach sexual intimacy quickly are more likely to be in romantic relationships.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Being Single
20. According to research, which of the following is true of the romantic and nonromantic relationships of single adults?
A. People who reach sexual intimacy quickly are more likely to be in romantic relationships.
B. Sexual activity in nonromantic relationships is associated with high relationship quality.
C. People who have had more prior partners are more likely to be in nonromantic relationships.
D. Reduced investment increases the likelihood that the relationships will become more intimate.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Being Single
21. According to research, single people who

A. move from meeting to sexual intimacy quickly are more likely to be in romantic relationships.
B. enter relationships for sexual satisfaction are more likely to have high-quality relationships.
C. have had more prior partners are less likely to be in nonromantic relationships.
D. invest little in their relationships reduce the likelihood of intimacy or romance in their relationships.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Being Single
22. Studies conducted on men and women with more prior sex partners and who move from meeting to sexual intimacy quickly
have found that they
A. are more likely to have meaningful relationships.
B. tend to invest less in their relationships.
C. are less likely to be involved in nonromantic relationships.
D. are more likely to enjoy high quality relationships.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Being Single
23. Which of the following is true of cohabitation?

A. Cohabiting couples have sex less frequently than married couples.
B. Cohabitation has declined in popularity over the last 40 years.
C. Cohabiting is often seen as an opportunity to try out committed residential relationship.
D. Cohabitation during early adulthood occurs for solely for saving money on rent.
10-5
Feedback: Cohabitation, 249
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Cohabitation
24. Which of the following does research suggest of cohabiting couples?

A. Cohabitation involves little or no commitment from the couple.
B. Cohabiting couples cite saving money on rent as their only reason for living together.
C. Cohabiting couples often plan to marry each other.
D. Cohabitation is an uncommon alternative to marriage.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Cohabitation
25. Which of the following is true of cohabiting couples?

A. The majority of the men and women who are cohabiting do not plan to marry their partners.
B. The marriages of cohabiting couples are more likely to end in divorce than are marriages not preceded by cohabitation.
C. Cohabiting couples have higher relationship quality than married couples.
D. Cohabiting couples have sex less frequently than married couples.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Cohabitation
26. According to research, men and women who are cohabiting

A. do not plan to marry their partners.
B. are concerned about the stability of their relationship.
C. are most often above the age of 60. D. have infrequent to no sex with their partners.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Cohabitation
27. Which of the following does research suggest about the sexual behavior of cohabiting couples?
A. Cohabiting couples have sex less frequently than married couples to strengthen relationship.
B. Cohabiting couples have the same amount of sex as married couples.
C. Cohabiting couples have sex more frequently than married couples.
D. Cohabiting couples have sex less frequently than married couples as they are not concerned about the stability of their
relationships.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Cohabitation
28. An analysis of census data found a 13 percent increase in the number of opposite-sex cohabiting couples between January
2009 and July 2010. Which of the following did the data suggest is true of newly cohabiting couples?
10-6
A. They tend to be older.
B. They tend to be younger.
C. They are more likely to be white.
D. They are more likely to have stable jobs.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Cohabitation
29. Which of the following reasons is responsible for the rise in cohabiting couples?
A. adverse economic conditions
B. more job opportunities
C. low cost of living
D. spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Cohabitation
30. Which of the following statements is true of sexual relationships and marriage?
A. Today, many people have had a full sexual relationship before they marry.
B. Today, fewer people have had sexual relationships before they marry than they have in the past.
C. Marriage in contemporary times is considered more of an obligation than in the past.
D. Marriage in contemporary times is considered less of a choice than in the past.
Feedback: Marital Relationships, 250

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Investigate established relationships and marital sexuality, including frequency, techniques, patterns, and satisfaction.
Topic: Marital Sexuality
31. The family of origin is

A. the family in which an individual grows up.
B. the family in which an individual becomes a parent.
C. the family in which an individual procreates.
D. the family into which an individual marries.

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
32. Sharon is a 30-year-old married mother of two. Which of the following is considered as her family of origin?
A. the family in which she grew up
B. the family in which her husband grew up
C. the family in which she became a parent
D. her husband's extended family

Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Medium
10-7
33. The family of procreation is

A. the family in which an individual is raised.
B. the family in which an individual becomes the parent rearing children.
C. the family of an individual's spouse.
D. the family in which an individual is born.

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
34. Brad is married and has three children. The family that includes his wife and children is considered his
A. extended family.
B. family of origin.
C. family of procreation.
D. family of cohabitation.

Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
35. In American society, sexual expression has the most legitimacy in the context of _____.
A. casual relationships
B. dating
C. cohabitation
D. marriage

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
36. According to research on the frequency of marital intercourse, _____.

A. the frequency of marital sex has increased sharply since the 1940s
B. an individual's race and religion influences sexual frequency to a great extent
C. the frequency of intercourse tends to decline with age
D. cohabiting couples have intercourse less frequently than married couples

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Marital Intercourse Frequency
37. The loss of interest in sex as one's partner becomes more and more familiar is known as _____.
A. fixation
B. gratification
C. condensation
D. habituation
10-8
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
38. Two general explanations have been suggested for the age-related decline in frequency: habituation to sex with the partner
and
A. the absence of children.
B. genetic modification.
C. an increase in psychological well-being.
D. biological aging.

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
39. According to the National Health and Social Life Survey (NHSLS) data, which of the following is true of mouth–genital
techniques in marital sex?
A. Much larger percentages of women over age 50 as compared to those under 50 have given or received oral sex in their
lifetime.
B. A majority of women reported that their partners had stimulated their genitals orally.
C. Less than 5 percent of women had stimulated their partners orally.
D. Women who have attended college are more likely to refrain from mouth–genital techniques than women who did not
complete high school.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
40. Masturbation in marriage is

A. perfectly normal and can serve legitimate sexual needs.
B. very rare among heterosexual couples.
C. a sign of abnormal behavior.
D. very rare among homosexual couples.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Masturbation
Topic: Sexual Patterns in Marriage
41. Which of the following is true of masturbation in marriage?

A. It can be a pleasant adjunct to marital sex.
B. It is a sure sign of an unfaithful marital relationship.
C. It cannot provide sexual gratification.
D. It is an indicator that the person has psychological problems.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
10-9
Topic: Masturbation
42. Which of the following traditional gender roles is observed most often in marriages in the United States?
A. The wife is most likely to be the initiator of sexual intercourse.
B. The husband is most likely to be the initiator of sexual intercourse.
C. The husband is most likely to refuse offers of sexual intercourse.
D. Both the husband and the wife are equally likely to initiate sexual intercourse.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Negotiating Sex
43. Married men and women experience greater satisfaction in sexual intercourse compared to cohabiting couples. This greater
satisfaction can be attributed to
A. habituation.
B. the sexual exclusivity associated with marriage.
C. the limitations placed on emotional commitment between married couples.
D. the sexual liberty associated with long-term commitments.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Satisfaction with Marital Sex
44. Which of the following is true of sexual patterns in marriage?

A. Sexual patterns tend to stay the same over the years.
B. Sex inevitably becomes duller as marriage wears on.
C. Sexual patterns are not impacted by having a child.
D. Sexual patterns can change during the course of a marriage.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
45. Which of the following does research suggest to be true of work and sexual satisfaction?
A. Sexual satisfaction is highest in families where one spouse works from home.
B. Sexual satisfaction is highest in families where one spouse is unemployed.
C. Sexual satisfaction is not affected by job satisfaction.
D. Sexual satisfaction is associated with job satisfaction.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
46. According to researchers, which of the following individuals is most likely to give a higher probability of infidelity?
A. Harry, who scores low on impulsiveness
B. Gordon, who scores high on narcissism
C. Pamela, who scores low on neuroticism
D. Elise, who scores high on emotional intelligence
10-10
Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
47. Which of the following relationship characteristics is most likely to be associated with a greater likelihood of infidelity?
A. a relationship in which both partners have satisfying careers
B. a relationship in which the partners communicate well with each other
C. a relationship in which one partner abuses alcohol
D. a relationship in which both partners express sexual satisfaction

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
48. Mate retention tactics are most likely to be used

A. by individuals who suspect that their partners are losing interest.
B. by unattached individuals trying to attract partners.
C. exclusively in relationships that both partners consider stable and secure.
D. only by single individuals and never by cohabiting or married couples.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
49. Which of the following is true of mate retention tactics?

A. They are most likely to be used when an individual perceives his or her relationship to be secure.
B. They are used most frequently by men and seldom by women.
C. They are used most frequently by women and seldom by men.
D. They are most likely to be used when an individual perceives that his or her partner is dissatisfied.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
50. Clara and Jake have been married for three years, during which time they have had several extramarital affairs. These affairs,
which were purely sexual, were entered into with the consent of the other partner. This is an example of
A. secret nonmonogamy.
B. romantic infidelity.
C. open nonmonogamy.
D. polygamy.
Feedback: Nonmonogamous Relationships, 256

Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: Describe nonmonogamous relationships.
Topic: Nonmonogamous Relationships
10-11
51. According to the Kinsey Institute's online survey about infidelity in couples, which of the following is true of men and
women who reported cheating?
A. They had lower scores on sexual inhibition and higher scores on sexual excitation.
B. They reported higher rates of happiness and satisfaction in their existing relationships.
C. They were from high income groups.
D. They were strongly affiliated with religious institutions.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
52. Which among the following does research indicate about extramarital sex?
A. Blacks have the same rate of extramarital sex as whites.
B. Of all ethnic groups, extramarital sexual activity is highest among Hispanics.
C. People from higher income groups are more likely to indulge in extramarital sex.
D. Extramarital sex is more common among those who rarely or never attend religious services.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Extra-Relationship Sex
53. According to the longitudinal study by DeMaris that followed 1,270 married respondents over a 20-year period, who among
the following was more likely to report problems due to infidelity?
A. Respondents who had experienced a trial separation.
B. Respondents who had spent more time in activities with their spouses.
C. Respondents who had just one biological child.
D. Respondents who had given themselves low scores for their physical attractiveness.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
54. Which of the following is true of attitudes toward extramarital sex?

A. A person who approves of extramarital sex is more likely to engage in extramarital sex than the person who disapproves of it.
B. Most people in the United States approve of extramarital sex.
C. Attitudes toward extramarital sex are good predictors of extramarital sexual behavior.
D. Attitudes toward extramarital sex are not good predictors of extramarital sexual behavior.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
55. Which of the following is true of a cyberaffair?

A. It does not involve a sexual relationship.
B. It may sometimes involve masturbation.
C. It does not constitute infidelity to most people.
D. It strictly does not have a romantic aspect.
10-12
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Cyberaffair
56. _____ is a social–psychological theory that, when applied to patterns of extramarital sex, states that people mentally calculate
the benefits and costs for them in a relationship.
A. Endogamic theory
B. Evolutionary theory
C. Exogamic theory
D. Equity theory

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Topic: Equity and Extramarital Sex
57. Michael felt that he had not been receiving enough attention from his wife over the last year. As a result of this, he began an
extramarital affair with his coworker. Which theory helps us understand what motivated Michael to have the affair?
A. swinging theory
B. evolutionary theory
C. endogamic theory
D. equity theory

Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
58. Leslie feels ignored by her partner. According to equity theory, which of the following is she most likely to do to restore
equity in the relationship?
A. subject her spouse to the silent treatment
B. dress more provocatively to please him
C. take more trouble over her appearance
D. cook him his favorite dishes

Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
59. Stuart and Andrea have been married for the last 8 years. He is a partner at a law firm, and she is a full-time homemaker.
Andrea is an excellent cook, manages their home well, and is always supportive of Stuart and his work. Stuart, however, rarely
compliments her or acknowledges her efforts. According to equity theory, _____.
A. Stuart's rewards are greater than Andrea's rewards
B. Stuart's inputs are greater than Andrea's inputs
C. Andrea's rewards are greater than Stuart's rewards
D. Andrea's inputs are less than Stuart's inputs

Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
10-13
60. From an evolutionary perspective, men who seek out the "other woman" will
A. produce more offspring, carrying the genetic makeup that leads to extra-relationship liaisons.
B. strengthen their marital bonds.
C. have more stable family lives.
D. enable them to acquire extra goods and services that enhances their offspring's chances for survival.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Evolutionary Psychology
61. _____ is a form of extra-relationship sex in which married couples exchange partners with other couples, or engage in sexual
activity with a third person, with the knowledge and consent of all involved.
A. Cottaging
B. Swinging
C. Serial monogamy
D. Polyamory

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Topic: Swinging
62. Which of the following is true of swinging?

A. It is performed without the knowledge of the other partner.
B. It requires the consent of all partners involved.
C. It is a culturally acceptable form of extramarital sex.
D. It is the most common form of extramarital sex and involves a majority of people.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Swinging
63. In _____ swinging, two couples meet and exchange partners, and each pair goes off separately to a private place to have
intercourse, returning to the meeting place at an agreed-upon time.
A. open
B. free
C. closed
D. adaptive

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Topic: Swinging
64. In open swinging, _____.

A. the pairs get back together for sex in the same room for at least part of the time
B. homosexual acts between women are prohibited
C. homosexual acts between men are frequent
10-14
D. two couples meet, exchange partners, and each pair goes off separately to a private place

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Swinging
65. Which of the following does research suggest of people who engage in swinging?
A. The majority of them are African Americans.
B. The majority of them are transgenders.
C. The majority of them are white.
D. The majority of them are uneducated.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Swinging
66. Why do people become swingers?

A. because it is the only socially acceptable form of extramarital sex
B. because it is the most common form of extramarital sex
C. because its "culturally forbidden" aspect gives them pleasure and excitement
D. because it is the only form of extramarital sex sanctioned by religion

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Swinging
67. The nonpossessive, honest, responsible, and ethical philosophy and practice of loving multiple people simultaneously is
called _____.
A. androgyny
B. misogyny
C. singleism
D. polyamory

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Topic: Polyamory
68. Tim, Lauren, and Shelby are in a relationship with each other. The three of them share sexual intimacy and a close loving
bond. This type of relationship is referred to as _____.
A. polyamory
B. androgyny
C. misogyny
D. monogamy

Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
10-15
Topic: Polyamory
69. Which of the following is true of polyamory?

A. It refers to a purely short-term sexual relationship that one man shares with many women.
B. It refers to a purely sexual relationship that one woman shares with many men without the knowledge of her spouse.
C. It is typically long-term and can involve people of different sexual orientations.
D. It is typically short-term and is conducted without the knowledge of all spouses.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Polyamory
70. How does polyamory differ from swinging?

A. Unlike polyamory, swinging involves no sexual intimacy.
B. Unlike swinging, polyamory emphasizes long-term intimate relationships.
C. Unlike polyamory, swinging is socially acceptable.
D. Unlike swinging, polyamory focuses primarily on sexual gratification.
Feedback: Nonmonogamous Relationships, 259–260

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Polyamory
Topic: Swinging
71. What do polyamory and swinging have in common?

A. Both polyamory and swinging are socially acceptable forms of sexual behavior.
B. Both polyamory and swinging are treated with negativity by member outside the communities.
C. Both polyamory and swinging are examples of monogamous behavior.
D. Both polyamory and swinging involve no aspects of sexual intimacy.
Feedback: Nonmonogamous Relationships, 259–260

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Polyamory
Topic: Swinging
72. Which of the following does research suggest is a prerequisite for polyamory?
A. high social status
B. negligible access to resources
C. low economic status
D. strong religious values

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Topic: Polyamory
73. In what way do divorcees differ from widows?

A. Divorcees are less motivated to engage in sex as a prelude to remarriage than widows.
B. Widows are less likely to be financially secure than divorcees.
C. Widows are more likely than divorcees to engage in postmarital sex.
D. Divorcees are more likely than widows to engage in postmarital sex.
10-16
Feedback: Post-Relationship Sex, 262
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Explain post-relationship sex.
Topic: Post-Relationship Sex
74. _____ is a period lasting about 15 or 20 years (from about ages 45 to 60) during which a woman's body makes the transition
from being able to reproduce to not being able to reproduce.
A. Circadian rhythm
B. The climacteric
C. The refractory period
D. Puberty
Feedback: Sex in Later Life, 263

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: Understand sexual desire in later life and challenges to the expression of sexual desire among elders.
Topic: Sexuality and Aging
75. The climacteric

A. lasts from about ages 45 to 60 in women.
B. occurs over a 10-year period, on average.
C. marks the onset of menarche in young girls.
D. marks a period of heightened fertility.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
76. Which of the following is characteristic of the climacteric?

A. It marks the onset of menarche in young women.
B. It is marked particularly by a decline in the functioning of the ovaries.
C. It occurs during the first stage of puberty in young women.
D. It results in an increase in the production of sex hormones in women.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
77. The period during which the ovaries decline in function is called the _____.
A. circadian rhythm
B. andropause
C. climacteric
D. refractory period

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
78. Which of the following is true of the climacteric?
10-17
A. It is experienced exclusively by young men.
B. It includes menopause—the cessation of menstruation.
C. It occurs most frequently in young girls.
D. It marks a period of increased fertility in women.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
79. _____ is the cessation of menstruation.

A. Menarche
B. Menopause
C. Catamenia
D. Menses

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
80. Osteoporosis is caused by

A. a decline in estrogen levels.
B. the onset of puberty.
C. the onset of menarche.
D. an increase in estrogen levels.

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
81. Fiona, a 47-year-old woman, experiences hot flashes and excessive sweating during her sleep. She has also been feeling
depressed lately. Given her age,
these are most likely the symptoms that accompany _____.
A. menarche
B. the refractory period
C. menopause
D. puberty

Bloom's: Apply
Difficulty: Hard
82. Which of the following conditions is characterized by porous and brittle bones?
A. menarche
B. osteoporosis
C. ovulation
D. archenteric pouch

10-18
Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
83. Which of the following occurs as a result of aging ovaries?

A. increased production of progesterone
B. increased production of estrogen
C. decline in the output of eggs
D. decline in the production of sperm

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
84. Which of the following is true about hormone therapy (HT) for the treatment of symptoms of menopause in women?
A. It makes the elderly more vulnerable to osteoporosis.
B. It prevents the occurrence of stroke.
C. It increases the risk of venous thrombosis.
D. It increases vaginal dryness.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
85. Which of the following is a benefit of hormone therapy (HT) for the treatment of symptoms of menopause in women?
A. It delays the onset of menopause.
B. It protects women from osteoporosis.
C. It reduces the risk of venous thrombosis.
D. It prevents the occurrence of stroke.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
86. Which of the following is the current recommendation for the use of hormone therapy (HT) for the treatment of symptoms of
menopause in women?
A. to use the lowest dose of HT for the shortest period
B. to use the lowest dose of HT over a long period
C. to use a very high of HT dose just once
D. to use a high dose of HT over a long period

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
87. Which of the following is true of the conclusions reached by experts reviewing the research on women's sexuality during and
after menopause?
A. During menopause and particularly after the last period, there is a significant increase in the sexual functioning.
10-19
B. The majority of women completely refrain from engaging in sexual activity after menopause.
C. During menopause, high estrogen levels cause vaginal dryness resulting in a significant increase in the sexual functioning.
D. A woman's sexual desire may decline as her levels of ovarian testosterone decline.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
88. A(n) _____ is the surgical removal of a woman's uterus.

A. hysterectomy
B. oophorectomy
C. mastectomy
D. vasectomy

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
89. A(n) _____ is the surgical removal of a woman's ovaries.

A. hysterectomy
B. oophorectomy
C. mastectomy
D. vasectomy

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
90. Which of the following is true of hysterectomies?

A. They prolong the fertility period of women.
B. They are likely to cause hormonal changes within women.
C. They help the women conceive more easily.
D. They make the women immune to sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
91. _____ has been shown to improve sexual functioning and sexual well-being in women who have had a bilateral
oophorectomy.
A. Shock therapy
B. Neurostimulation
C. Chemotherapy
D. Androgen therapy

Bloom's: Remember
Difficulty: Easy
10-20
92. As men age

A. their sperm count rises.
B. their refractory period shortens.
C. the volume of their ejaculate increases.
D. the force of ejaculation lessens.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
93. Which of the following is a physiological change in men as they age?

A. Their testes grow bigger.
B. Their arteries harden.
C. Their sexual organs become insensate.
D. Their testes cease to manufacture sperm.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
94. Which of the following is true of men as they age?

A. They cease to produce viable sperm.
B. Their refractory period lengthens.
C. They become incapable of orgasming.
D. They become less prone to erectile problems.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
95. Which of the following is an advantage that middle-aged and older men have over young men?
A. They produce more ejaculate.
B. They can achieve erection much faster.
C. They cease to produce viable sperm.
D. They have more control over their orgasms.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
96. Following prostate surgery or removal of the prostate

A. men can no longer have sex.
B. the volume of ejaculate increases.
C. erectile problems may result.
D. the penis becomes insensate.
10-21
Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
97. Which of the following is true of prostatectomy?

A. It prevents a man from having sex.
B. It prevents the incidence of retrograde ejaculation in men.
C. It may damage nerves supplying the penis.
D. It results in sexually insensate penis.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
98. According to Masters and Johnson, _____.

A. the elderly should abstain from sexual activity because of declining physical health
B. the elderly can maintain their sexual capacity by regular sexual expression
C. the elderly should abstain from sexual activity because of declining emotional health
D. the elderly are physiologically incapable of orgasming or feeling sexual pleasure

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
99. Compare the frequency of sexual intercourse of partnered men with those of married men. What are the reasons for the
differences?
The National Survey of Sexual Health and Behavior (NHHSB) found that partnered men reported more frequent vaginal
intercourse than did married men. This is consistent with a research study on a large, representative sample of adults in which
cohabiting persons reported having intercourse 11 to 13 times per month, while married persons reported a frequency of 8 to 11
times per month. A possible explanation for these differences could be that cohabiters are concerned about the stability of their
relationships and engage in sex more frequently in the hope that it will strengthen the relationship.
Feedback: Cohabitation, 249–250

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe and analyze cohabitation.
Topic: Cohabitation
100. Which of the following has research proven to be an advantage of marriage over cohabitation?
According to research, a significant advantage marriage has over cohabitation is that married couples experience greater sexual
satisfaction on account of the stronger emotional commitment and sexual exclusivity associated with it. It is easy to assume that
cohabiting couples are likely to have stronger and healthier marriages on account of the experience they have living with their
partner, but research supports just the opposite—that these marriages are more likely to end in divorce than those not preceded by
cohabitation.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: Describe and analyze cohabitation.
Topic: Cohabitation
10-22
101. What explanations have been suggested for the age-related decline in frequency of marital intercourse?
There are two general explanations suggested for the age-related decline in frequency: biological aging, and habituation to sex
with the partner. With regard to aging, there may be physical factors associated with age that affect sexual frequency, such as a
decrease in vaginal lubrication in females, or increased likelihood of poor health. The habituation explanation states that we lose
interest in sex as the partner becomes more and more familiar.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
102. Men and women in an equalitarian relationship may have to work at sustaining a sexually fulfilling relationship. Justify this
statement.
With the recent emphasis on women's rights to sexual fulfillment, traditional gender-typed roles related to sexual behaviors are
being challenged, particularly those related to negotiating sex. Traditionally, men have always been the initiators of sex. A survey
of married couples found that for 33 percent of them the husband and wife are about equally likely to initiate sex; for 51 percent
the husband is more likely to be the initiator, and in only 16 percent of the couples is the wife usually the initiator. Thus there is
some evidence of liberation, but traditional roles persist. The traditional gender-typing of initiation patterns may also be related to
how people deal with a refusal. Traditionally, a woman's refusal to engage in sex was stereotypically attributed to her lesser
sexual appetite. But if a woman's offer of sex was rejected she has no stereotype to rescue her, and she is likely to conclude that
the man is not interested in her. The recent emphasis on a woman's right to sexual fulfillment has lessened this difference and
made refusal by the woman threatening to the man's self-esteem. Both men and women in equalitarian relationships may have to
work at sustaining (the appearance of) a sexually fulfilling relationship.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Negotiating Sex
103. What is equity theory? What does it tell us about extramarital affairs?
Equity theory is a social–psychological theory designed to predict and explain many kinds of human relations. In particular, it has
been applied to predicting patterns of extramarital sex. The basic idea in equity theory is that in a relationship, people mentally
tabulate their inputs to it and what they get out of it (benefits or rewards); then they calculate whether these are equitable or not.
According to equity theory, if individuals perceive a relationship as inequitable (if they feel they are not getting what they
deserve), they become distressed. The more inequitable the relationship, the more distressed they feel. In order to relieve the
distress, they make attempts to restore equity in the relationship. For example, people who feel they are putting too much into a
relationship and not getting enough out of it might let their appearance go, or not work as hard to earn money, or refuse sexual
access, or refuse to contribute to conversations. The idea is that such actions will restore equity.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
104. What role does extramarital sex play from an evolutionary perspective?
From an evolutionary perspective, the genes that enable their bearers to produce larger numbers of offspring are more likely to
survive from one generation to the next than genes that do not. A man who mates with one woman for life could produce a
maximum of 6 to 12 offspring, depending on the length of time infants are breast-fed, postpartum sex taboos, and so on. If that
same man occasionally has sex with a second woman (or a series of other women), he could produce 12 to 24 offspring. Men
who seek out the "other woman" will produce more offspring, who in turn will produce more offspring carrying the genetic
makeup that leads to extra-relationship liaisons.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
10-23
Topic: Evolutionary Psychology
105. What is swinging? What background do swingers typically come from?

One form of open nonmonogamy is swinging, in which couples exchange partners with other couples, or engage in sexual
activity with a third person, with the knowledge and consent of all involved. A review of 15 published studies, most of them
involving small, convenience samples, concludes that the majority of swingers are upper or middle class, above average in
education and income, and employed in professions and in management.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
106. What does research say about women involved in polyamory?

Women involved in polyamory report expanding their familial, gender, and sexual roles. For example, some of these women
rejected monogamy in favor of a network of intimate partner relationships. With respect to gender, the women adopted a much
more assertive style in their relationships with men. In the realm of sexuality, the women often recognized their high sex drive,
the emotional and sexual value of intimacy with other women, and their bisexual interests or identities. Moving away from
traditional roles was reported to be both liberating and frightening; creating new roles was often difficult.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Topic: Polyamory
107. Briefly discuss the consequences of nonmonogamy for the primary relationship.
A review of the limited published research looked at the consequences for psychological well-being, as measured by personality
tests, and measures of anxiety and depression. In most comparisons, monogamists and consensual nonmonogamists did not differ
significantly. A few studies found the CNs were more likely to report present and past psychological distress, suggesting that
poorer well-being predates participation in CN relationships.
Turning to measures of relationship quality—adjustment, satisfaction, sexual frequency, jealousy—the authors conclude "there is
an absence of evidence that consensual nonmonogamists differ from monogamists in these domains." There is also little evidence
that consensual nonmonogamy leads to higher rates of separation and divorce. Of course, these alternative relationship forms are
relatively new. As more research is carried out on more diverse samples and over longer time periods, the results may differ.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
108. Distinguish between the climacteric period and menopause.

The climacteric and menopause are related to the biological changes that take place in women over the course of time. The
climacteric is a period lasting about 15 or 20 years (from about ages 45 to 60) during which a woman's body makes the transition
from being able to reproduce to not being able to reproduce. This period is marked by a decline in the functioning of the ovaries,
though changes may occur in other body tissues and systems.
Menopause is the specific event within the climacteric when menstruation ceases. On an average, this occurs over a 2-year period
beginning around age 50. There are a number of physical symptoms that may accompany menopause. Research has identified
two broad groups: vasomotor symptoms, especially hot flashes and night sweats, and psychosomatic symptoms, including feeling
tense, irritable, and depressed.

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
10-24
109. Compare and contrast the biological changes that occur in men and women during middle age.
Both men and women experience certain biological changes upon reaching middle age which have an impact on their sexual
behavior. Most changes in women take place during the climacteric—a period during which the functioning of the ovaries
decline and the body loses its ability to reproduce.
This is also the time of menopause during which menstruation ceases. The aging of the ovaries causes a decline in the production
of eggs and the sex hormones estrogen and progesterone. The decline in estrogen makes the vagina less acidic, leaving it more
prone to infection. This decline also reduces vaginal lubrication, makes the vaginal walls less elastic, thereby making intercourse
painful. Other biological changes can be the result of a hysterectomy or an oophorectomy or both.
For men, there is a decline in the production of testosterone. Other major changes include slower erections and longer refractory
periods. Typically the sex flush and muscle tension also diminish with age. The volume and force of ejaculation gradually
decrease and the testes become somewhat smaller. Other biological changes can be the result of a prostatectomy or the surgical
removal of the prostate.
Feedback: Sex in Later Life, 263–265

Bloom's: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
Category # of Questions
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 98
APA Learning Outcome: 1.1: Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology 36
APA Learning Outcome: 1.2: Develop a working knowledge of psychology's content domains 59
APA Learning Outcome: 1.3: Describe applications of psychology 14
Bloom's: Apply 14
Bloom's: Remember 21
Bloom's: Understand 74
Difficulty: Easy 21
Difficulty: Hard 12
Difficulty: Medium 76
Learning Objective: Describe and analyze cohabitation. 2
Learning Objective: Describe nonmonogamous relationships. 28
Learning Objective: Describe the never married and the experience of being single. 29
Learning Objective: Explain post-relationship sex. 1
Learning Objective: Investigate established relationships and marital sexuality, including frequency, techniques, patterns, and
satisfaction. 23
27
Topic: Being Single 22
Topic: Cohabitation 9
Topic: Cyberaffair 1
Topic: Equity and Extramarital Sex 5
Topic: Evolutionary Psychology 2
Topic: Extra-Relationship Sex 5
Topic: Marital Intercourse Frequency 5
Topic: Marital Sexuality 7
Topic: Masturbation 2
Topic: Negotiating Sex 2
Topic: Nonmonogamous Relationships 6
Topic: Polyamory 7
Topic: Post-Relationship Sex 1
Topic: Satisfaction with Marital Sex 3
Topic: Sexual Patterns in Marriage 7
Topic: Sexuality and Aging 27
Topic: Swinging 8
10-25
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A RONIN.
This fear and awe had its origin in another of those rumors which
arise no one knows how or when, and which sometimes, having a
substratum of truth, or assuming its semblance from accidental
circumstances, come to be accepted as undoubted facts. In this
instance it had long since been so accepted. It was said that in the
manufacture of his swords the smith needed newly-shed human
blood. The age was superstitious enough to believe that such a
procedure correctly carried out would entail marvellous results; and
the wonderful excellence of Muramasa’s productions favored this
reasoning. There were sufficient grounds beside to make such a
belief plausible. The smith’s weird appearance and manner, and the
dreary, lonely character of the neighborhood wherein he lived, had
undoubtedly contributed to this end. Moreover, the dead bodies
which were found so often near his house,—much more frequently, it
was said, than ever before,—whether they had belonged to samurai
slain in brawl or duel, merchants robbed and killed for their money or
beggars probably cut down from mere wanton lust, were always cut
and slashed in a terrible manner, leaving hardly any blood in the
body, while traces of it were often found suspiciously near the smith’s
dwelling. Nobody thought of accusing the latter of sordid motives,
and his solitary life prevented him from having many enemies. It was
only the blood he wanted to temper his steel; and when the time
came that he needed it, and no accident supplied him, then, as
people said, he took care to furnish an accident himself. If such had
been the case, known and proven, it would probably have entailed
no unpleasant consequences upon the smith, unless some one,
specially interested and high in authority, had chosen to take the
matter in hand. Human life was held cheap enough, while good
swords were rare; and if it required human blood to make one, a few
merchants and vagrants could well be spared. Muramasa himself
was doubtless aware of this report, and was even believed by some
to encourage it. At least, whether true in any degree or altogether a
fabrication, he never by word or sign contradicted it; he probably had
enough worldly wisdom to know that the atmosphere of dread
mystery in which, by common report, he thus lived, created a spell
which could not but enhance the value of the products of his
marvellous handicraft.
As far as O Tetsu was concerned, none of these rumors had ever
reached her. It was known that in her case the smith objected to and
would resent such a piece of tale-bearing; and the mysterious fear of
him was sufficient to prevent anything of the kind. Once only had
such an attempt been made.
As the girl one forenoon passed out of the house on her way to the
town to make a few purchases, accompanied, as she always was, by
her old servant, she was stopped not far from her door by two old
beldames with whom she had a slight acquaintance. The latter had
been loitering under pretence of looking at some tumble-down
buildings on the other side of the street, to which both of them
pointed now and then in apparently a deeply interested way; in
reality, however, they were waiting, hoping perhaps to meet the
smith’s daughter, who went out only two or three times a month, but
generally at this hour. It was not the first time that these women, who
were known as confirmed gossips, had been seen in the
neighborhood; but they had never before met the young girl, whom,
when they saw her now, they accosted with such a show of affection
and caressing words that she could not but stop and make some sort
of reply. As the conversation continued, however, she, knowing that
her father objected strongly to anything like street gossip, became
uneasy and bent a significant look on her servant. The latter, who in
general was quick enough in her perceptions, and of her own accord
had often stopped such rencontres, sometimes in a very abrupt and
unceremonious manner, seemed in this instance unable to
understand the meaning of her young mistress’s uneasiness, and,
contrary to all her habits, even took a lively interest in the
conversation.
DESERTED BUILDINGS.
“Miss O Tetsu is getting to be very proud now,” said one of the

women, the wife of a small sugar-baker, in the course of the
conversation which followed numerous minute inquiries after the
other’s health. “Yet when you were a child you never passed our
poor, humble place without calling for your candy, which I took so
much pleasure in giving to the dear, pretty little thing.”
“Oh, yes!” her companion, the shrewish spouse of an omochaya
(dealer in toys), chimed in, “and at that time she rarely passed our
place without accepting some little toy or plaything; and bless her
little heart, how she did enjoy the sight of the picture-books, and the
tops which she began to spin as soon as she passed out into the
street! But Miss O Tetsu has become a great lady now, with more
beauty and wealth than any other girl in the province, and poor
people like us can hardly expect to be noticed by her.”
“You are both certainly mistaken,” replied O Tetsu, vexed with the
others as well as herself. She could not understand the meaning of
all this talk; she only remembered going to these women’s shops, as
she went to others, to make occasional purchases, and she was at a
loss to account for this fervor and extreme show of friendly
sympathy. Still, above everything she would not be thought proud or
unkind to inferiors, and so she continued: “I am not a child any more,
and do not now care for sweetmeats or toys; but I do not mean to
forget any kindness done to me, and if you care for my company, I
will call upon you the next time I go out.”
“I knew it; I knew what a kind-hearted and good-natured little fairy
you are,” the former speaker quickly and rather illogically rejoined.
“And how is your dear father?” she continued abruptly, noticing the
other’s impatience to get away.
“I have not seen my father for some days; he is finishing a sword
now, and at such times he always shuts himself up with my brother
in the smithy, allowing not even me to disturb him.”
“So now is the time when your father is finishing one of his
wonderful swords? I ought to have known it. They found two corpses
fearfully hacked to pieces on the lot opposite to you. Strange,—is it
not?—but at such times corpses are always found over there.
Strange, is it not, Miss O Tetsu?”
“There is nothing strange about it,” the old servant here quickly
spoke up. “When Muramasa is engaged on one of his swords, he is
utterly absorbed in his work, and robbers and thieves know they
need not fear his interference; so they pursue their evil ways without
danger of being disturbed by one who would be a match for a dozen
of them.”
“I suppose that may be it,” was the response, slowly given. “We
think, however, at such a time the smithy could show many strange
and queer, perhaps some fearful, scenes, and I would give anything
to be able to get a glance at it to-day.”
“I will afford you that pleasure,” said a deep, harsh voice; and
turning round, the woman who had spoken saw the smith himself at
her elbow. The sight of him at that moment would have appalled
even a strong, stout-hearted man, much more the shrinking creature
whom he had just addressed. His mouth was firmly compressed, his
face looked unnaturally broad, and its repulsive features new
seemed perfectly hideous, with the coal-dust and soot which covered
them as well as his whole body. The furrow on his forehead was
filled with this floating dust, and glistening with the great drops of
sweat that had gathered there, had become a shining jet black. But
the worst feature of all were those large, restless, glaring eyes,
surrounded as they now were with red, inflamed brows, which spoke
of long nights of watching and labor.
“You can go on now, O Tetsu,” he said, addressing his daughter,
“while I take charge of these ladies. Go on,” he continued in a more
peremptory way, as the other loitered; “I must fulfil the wish of these
ladies who have such very kind feelings for you and me;” and taking
hold of each by an arm, he led them along, while the girl,
unaccustomed to hear severe tones from him, hurried away with her
servant.
What the two gossips who were now led away into the smithy
heard or saw there, they could or would never give a rational
account of. They were both in such a state of abject fear and terror
that the smith had to change his hold from their arms to their waists
to bring them to his place, which was only a few feet away. They
remembered the smithy,—large, dark, and gloomy, all the darker and
gloomier for the contrast with the bright air and light outside. They
remembered seeing a hot, lurid fire at one end, before which the
smith’s son was working half naked with an immense hammer on a
white-hot bar of iron. All around him were numberless tools and
instruments with sharp edges and bright surfaces glistening in the
glare of the flame, which came out with a hissing noise. The place
also contained a quantity of large and small tubs, some apparently
empty, and some containing liquid which looked black as tar, but
which, when the firelight fell upon it, shone red as blood. Queer and
fantastic shadows, which elongated or contracted as the flame on
the hearth shot out or subsided, filled the place. Half-dead with
terror, they remembered being led, or rather carried, by the smith
close to the fiery heat, and they had a dim recollection of being told
by him how a human being could be burned to cinders here in a few
moments, and how those cinders could be put to use again in forging
a sword. An idle vagrant unwilling to work, or a good-for-nothing,
peeping, spying chatterbox, who neglected her home but minded
everybody’s business, could hardly be put to any better use than
this.
O TETSU AND THE TWO BELDAMES.
The terrible heat, and partly their own feelings, must have
overpowered these two beldames, for they remembered nothing
further until they found themselves out in the yard by the well,
drenched from head to foot with several buckets of water which the
smith had thrown over them. With a grim smile he said he thought
they were satisfied with their visit; and while he gave it as his opinion
that the air of the smithy hardly agreed with them, he added that if he
ever heard of their expressing any further curiosity, he would
certainly be ready to contrive means of giving them another glimpse
of his workshop. Then, without further ceremony, he conducted them
to the gate, which he closed in their faces, leaving the poor drenched
women, chattering with cold and still shaking and quaking with fright,
to find their way home as best they could. It was said that from this
day the henpecked omochaya found his wife marvellously changed
for the better. Queerly enough, although neither of them spoke of
their adventure, the affair gradually came to be known and talked
about; and the guarded, evasive answers which, although otherwise
voluble enough, they gave when interrogated by their acquaintances,
only heightened the interest without satisfying it, thereby giving new
food for mysterious tales about the smith.
SWORD-GUARD.
CHAPTER V.
Among those who were smitten by O Tetsu’s charms was no less
a person than the old Duke Ono ga Sawa himself. Being already
married, he could only offer her the position of first concubine,—
which, however, in Japan implies nothing of dishonor and very little
even of inferiority. The position of a first concubine, or second wife,
as she is sometimes called (and even that of those who follow her),
is a legitimate one, recognized by law and custom. She ranks next to
the first wife; and if the latter fail to bear male children, the
concubine’s son succeeds to his father’s titles and honors. With the
exception, perhaps, of two or three of the very highest families, there
were none in the province but would have been greatly pleased and
gratified at such an offer for their daughter. Still, the Duke was hardly
sanguine, for a few hints to this effect conveyed to Muramasa had
fallen upon what appeared to be very unresponsive soil. Forced to
act more directly, he appointed a duly accredited nakōdō. For this
office he selected—doubtless purposely—a superannuated court
noble living in retirement upon a small pension, and who, although
aware of the smith’s merit, was yet only partially acquainted with his
position and pretensions. This, as well as the ill success which had
attended all others who had preceded him on similar errands, he
only learned when, flushed with pride, he informed—in strict privacy,
of course—some of his younger court friends of his appointment.
Their responses, unanimous as they all were, sadly dampened his
expectation of a quiet and successful issue to his mission, and
clouded his hopes of the benefits and advantages which would result
therefrom, not to speak of the Muramasa sword, which in the first
flush of sanguine excitement the envoy felt certain of receiving from
the man to whom he offered such an eligible position for his
daughter. He almost began to regret that he had been chosen by the
Duke. Still, having once accepted the duty, he had no choice; and
trusting not a little to his own power of persuasion, he started on his
errand.
INKIO. (RETIREMENT FROM WORLDLY AFFAIRS.)
Contrary to precedent, and far in excess of anything he

anticipated, he was extremely well received. His host, who could not
but be aware of his errand, at once invited him into the best room.
Tea and wine were brought in; and as in Eastern countries the matter
in hand is never immediately introduced, but only approached
gradually, other subjects, and naturally swords, were discussed first
—and last. The host, usually so sparing of his words, seemed this
day to put no restraint on his tongue. Every attempt on the part of his
visitor to approach the matter that had brought him to Senjuin was
the signal for Muramasa to recount the story of some glowing feat of
arms, of some wonderful exploit of Japan’s great heroes, or of some
marvellous piece of fencing or swordsmanship. The enthusiasm
naturally engendered by such subjects, not unmixed with anxiety and
a lingering fear that his object was in no way furthered by what he
could not help listening to with pleasure and even with rapture,
caused the envoy to resort to the wine-cup more frequently than
agreed with the sober habits which a small income necessarily
imposed. He did this with such effect that in the course of a few
hours he had completely forgotten the object of his mission. He
began to entertain the smith with an heroic recital of the exploits of
his own youth, which with every succeeding cup trenched more and
more on the marvellous; and when at last he took his leave, being
escorted to the door by his host, he was still talking and
gesticulating, although in a confused way, and the servant who had
accompanied him found it difficult to induce him to enter his chair.
MALE AND FEMALE NAKŌDŌ. (MARRIAGE NEGOTIATORS.)
When soberness and consciousness returned, his mortification

was so great that he could not bring himself again to face the smith,
and he informed the Duke of what had occurred. The latter’s passion
was not so strong as to make him unable to subordinate it to his
policy of retaining Muramasa at the court. He judiciously refrained
from taking any further steps to carry out his design, and he was too
kind-hearted to show any displeasure towards the sorely distressed
old servitor, whom, on the contrary, he dismissed with gentle words
and presents. Muramasa’s action in this affair was based upon
opinions and convictions which with him were the result of individual
thought, uninfluenced by surroundings and customs. His love for his
daughter, like his love for his art, was a deep, holy feeling,
emanating from the man’s inner nature. He felt that a life amid the
rivalries and petty jealousies of the court could not afford her any
real happiness or content; and the sturdy independence of his
character prevented him from becoming imbued with those social
prejudices which look to outside glitter, and to which weak natures
readily succumb.
That Sennoske should have succeeded in ingratiating himself into
the favor of such a man, who until now had kept everybody, high and
low, at a distance, was something at which the good people of
Kuwana marvelled not a little. It could only be ascribed to the boy’s
frank and winsome face, to his manliness and skill of arms far in
advance of his age, added to great reserve and modesty of
demeanor. The court, taking its cue from the character of the Duke,
had assumed a tone of levity and of boisterousness which was
especially affected by the younger samurai, and to which Sennoske,
with his modest and retiring ways, was almost the only exception. It
was probably more especially this latter quality which had gained
him the regard of the grim old smith, who taught him many new
points in regard to the use of the sword, and even a few general
rules as to the making of one.
Two or three days seldom passed without seeing the lad at the
forge, where he was always well received. Was it altogether the
samurai’s love for the sword which caused these frequent visits; and
were not O Tetsu’s bright eyes even a stronger attraction? It was
merely a repetition of the old, old story. When he had first come, she
was only a child; and as she gradually budded into womanhood
before his eyes, the young man, whose way heretofore, confined to
hard work and study, had been serious and monotonous, did not
himself know what it was that all at once made him look upon life
and its surroundings with such bright, joyful, enthusiastic feelings.
The intimacy growing up between the two young people must have
been observed by the smith; and if, even by his silence, he
encouraged it, the reason was simply that the boy’s character
impressed him with a sense of his worth, and he felt that, joined to
Sennoske, his daughter’s future would be in safe hands. Gradually
his favoritism grew beyond the limits of mere passive indulgence;
and Sennoske, becoming almost like a member of the family, passed
in the company of O Tetsu many hours of supreme happiness such
as it is only given to true, open, and honest natures like his to enjoy.
Sennoske’s father knew nothing of this, and believed that his son
frequented the smith’s forge merely for the sake of the lessons he
received in swordsmanship and forging, or at most to listen to the
smith’s weird tales of chivalrous daring, which, on returning home,
he sometimes repeated. Before the young man was even himself
aware of it, his passion for the girl was so great that he felt he could
not live without her; and although heretofore he had had no secrets
from his father, he experienced in this instance a nameless,
undefined dread of disclosing his attachment. He loved, he fairly
worshipped, his father; but the love was mixed with a great deal of
reverential awe and deep pity, often amounting to anguish, at the
sight of that frozen look of sorrow and gloom which never left Mutto’s
face.
SENNOSKE AND HIS FATHER.
When not directly engaged in instructing his son, Mutto’s only

discourse had been on the obligations of a true samurai; and even
here he confined himself almost exclusively to what his listener well
knew was a samurai’s first and chief duty,—the kataki-uchi
(vendetta). Instance after instance did the youth hear of men who
had sacrificed brother and sister, wife and concubine,—nay,
sometimes even father and mother,—to carry out some just
vengeance, and who had died happy because they survived the
satisfactory end of their vendetta long enough to cast one glance of
exulting victory upon the dead or dying body of their victim.
Gradually it dawned upon Sennoske that his father, from some
inexplicable cause, must have been unable to fulfil such a duty which
his samurai honor had imposed upon him, and that he was
educating his son to act in his stead. The thought, as soon as it
struck the lad, brought a thrill of wild and fierce delight. With
conscious pride he felt that his body, trained to every athletic
exercise, his sinews of steel and muscles of iron, his quick eye and
swift foot, gave him a better right than any other youth of his age to
hope to carry out the dream of every young samurai,—to see himself
grasping his blood-stained sword and covered with mortal wounds,
his foot upon the body of his prostrate and dying foe. No samurai
worthy of the name had a higher ambition than to die such a death;
and when Sennoske lived, the spirit that ruled men of his class was
not different from what it had been for centuries before, or from what
it continued to be up to within the last few decades.
The thoughts, hopes, and expectations thus engendered in the
mind of Sennoske had completely occupied it until he met O Tetsu.
Not that this event wrought anything like a complete revulsion of
feeling. No new-born passion could wholly supersede the result of
traditional and inherited tendencies, and of an education which had
caused the tenets of a soldier’s creed to be instilled with the first
glimmer of consciousness. Sennoske was still as ready as ever to
dare anything and sacrifice everything in the cause of his father’s
vendetta. With that object in view he would not have hesitated a
moment to lay down his life if necessary. But this “if necessary” had
now intruded itself where before no thought had been given to it. He
sometimes feared that he was even lacking in loyalty and good faith
to the principle in which he had been brought up, because he
permitted himself to look forward to any end but one; and this was
doubtless the reason why he refrained from speaking to his father of
his passion for O Tetsu. Day by
day, however, that passion
grew; until he felt that it was
impossible to cease hoping
that he might yet call the girl
his own, and that the fulfilment
of his mission, whatever duties
it entailed, might not be
irreconcilable with the
consummation of his desires.
SOSANOÔ MIKOTO, THE PATRON GOD

OF SWORDS AND INVENTOR OF
POETRY.
CHAPTER VI.
Ten years had elapsed since Mutto and his son had first come to
Kuwana, and the great struggle so long impending was now fairly
breaking out. That the crisis had not occurred sooner was a matter of
sufficient wonder, and was owing altogether to the strong measures
of repression, to the undoubted ability for governing possessed in
general by those who were still the actual rulers of the land. But
although the overthrow of the Hōjō might be delayed, it could not be
averted. The insolent pride of these chieftains, not content with
setting up and pulling down Shôguns at will, and punishing with
death all who incurred their displeasure, had even heaped indignities
upon the imperial family; and from this, more than from all other
causes combined, their hold upon the people was weakened beyond
hope of recovery.
In Japan the divinity which hedges the king owes nothing to the
poet’s flowery imagery, but has always been accepted as a living fact
by high and low, by rich and poor, by the strong and by the weak.
The government of the country had de facto always been wielded by
some chieftain whose genius, naturally in those times mainly of a
military character, had enabled him to arrogate position and power. If
at the same time he possessed administrative and organizing
qualities, then the prestige and influence exerted by his name, added
to the support of his clansmen, would often secure this power for
several generations to his descendants. In this way the Sugiwara,
Fujiwara, Taira, the Minamoto, and others whose names and exploits
are familiar to every child in Japan, had risen to fame and to the
control of the State.
All these chiefs, nevertheless, however absolute their power might
have been, were extremely careful, so far as outward show and
ceremony went, to profess the deepest reverence for, and implicit
obedience to, the ruling Emperor. The genius which could rise to pre-
eminence in spite of the valor and opposition of numerous rivals,
would have been useless if it could not obtain recognition of its
arrogated offices from the Throne. Military or civil ascendency could
not make a man Kwambaku, Dajodaijin, or Shôgun; it was only
investiture by the ruling Mikado, the descendant of the gods, which
in the opinion of the public could confer these titles. At this time the
Shôgunate and the nominal control of national affairs were in the
hands of the Minamoto family. In times gone by, from the tenth to the
twelfth century, they and the Taira were the two leading clans of the
Empire. They were, however, both too great to exist by the side of
each other; and a fierce and desperate warfare was waged between
them, which lasted for many decades, and in which the Minamotos
were at last utterly vanquished and almost extirpated.
Among the very few survivors was a young boy named Yoritomo,
who had been carried to the rugged and barren mountain fastnesses
of Idzu, where he was brought up in the charge of a faithful old
servant. This boy was destined to take vengeance upon the
despoilers of his race. Becoming himself the most illustrious figure
that Japanese history up to that time had known, he raised the
Minamoto name and power to a higher pinnacle of fame and prestige
than it had ever attained. Appointed Shôgun by the Mikado in the
year 1192, he firmly established the Shôgunate with its seat at
Kamakura, and made himself virtual dictator of the country. He died
in 1199, and the genius for war and statesmanship which had
distinguished him seemed to have died with him.

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3. Which of the following is true of being responsible about sex?

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4. How can one develop sexual maturity?

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5. Which of the following is true of the "never married" group?

6. Which of the following is true of marital trends in American society?

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7. A common sexual pattern among adolescents is _____.

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8. Which of the following is true of celibacy and virginity?

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14. Which of the following is true of singleism?

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15. Which of the following is true of the singles scene?

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18. Which of the following statements does research support?

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21. According to research, single people who

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23. Which of the following is true of cohabitation?

24. Which of the following does research suggest of cohabiting couples?

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25. Which of the following is true of cohabiting couples?

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26. According to research, men and women who are cohabiting

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31. The family of origin is

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33. The family of procreation is

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