Big Java Early Objects 5th Edition Horstmann Test Bank instant download all chapter

Big Java Early Objects 5th Edition
Horstmann Test Bank

Go to download the full and correct content document:
https://testbankdeal.com/product/big-java-early-objects-5th-edition-horstmann-test-ba
nk/
More products digital (pdf, epub, mobi) instant
download maybe you interests ...
Big Java Early Objects 5th Edition Horstmann Solutions

Manual
https://testbankdeal.com/product/big-java-early-objects-5th-
edition-horstmann-solutions-manual/
Big Java Late Objects 1st Edition Horstmann Solutions

Manual
https://testbankdeal.com/product/big-java-late-objects-1st-
edition-horstmann-solutions-manual/
Java How to Program Early Objects 11th Edition Deitel

Test Bank
https://testbankdeal.com/product/java-how-to-program-early-
objects-11th-edition-deitel-test-bank/
Starting Out with Java Early Objects 6th Edition Gaddis

Test Bank
https://testbankdeal.com/product/starting-out-with-java-early-
objects-6th-edition-gaddis-test-bank/
Test Bank
objects-10th-edition-deitel-test-bank/
Starting Out with Java Early Objects 6th Edition Gaddis

Solutions Manual
https://testbankdeal.com/product/starting-out-with-java-early-
objects-6th-edition-gaddis-solutions-manual/

Solutions Manual
objects-11th-edition-deitel-solutions-manual/

Solutions Manual
objects-10th-edition-deitel-solutions-manual/
Starting Out with Java From Control Structures through

Objects 5th Edition Tony Gaddis Test Bank
https://testbankdeal.com/product/starting-out-with-java-from-
control-structures-through-objects-5th-edition-tony-gaddis-test-
bank/
Chapter 10: Interfaces
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. Which of the following statements about a Java interface is NOT true?

a) A Java interface defines a set of methods that are required.
b) A Java interface must contain more than one method.
c) A Java interface specifies behavior that a class will implement.
d) All methods in a Java interface must be abstract.
Answer: b
Section Reference: 10.1 Using Interfaces for Algorithm Reuse

Title: Which statement about a Java interface is NOT true?
Difficulty: Medium
2. A method that has no implementation is called a/an ____ method.

a) interface
b) implementation
c) overloaded
d) abstract
Answer: d

Title: What is a method with no implementation called?
Difficulty: Easy
3. Which statement about methods in an interface is true?

a) All methods in an interface are automatically private.
b) All methods in an interface are automatically public.
c) All methods in an interface are automatically static.
d) All methods in an interface must be explicitly declared as private or public.
Answer: b

Title: Which statement about methods in an interface is true?
Difficulty: Medium
4. Which of the following statements about abstract methods is true?
a) An abstract method has a name, parameters, and a return type, but no code in the body
of the method.
b) An abstract method has parameters, a return type, and code in its body, but has no
defined name.
c) An abstract method has a name, a return type, and code in its body, but has no
parameters.
d) An abstract method has only a name and a return type, but no parameters or code in its
body.
Answer: a

Title: Which statement about abstract methods is true?
Difficulty: Hard
5. Which of the following statements about an interface is true?

a) An interface has methods and instance variables.
b) An interface has methods but no instance variables.
c) An interface has neither methods nor instance variables.
d) An interface has both public and private methods.
Answer: b

Title: Which statement about an interface is true?
Difficulty: Medium
6. Which of the following statements about interfaces is NOT true?

a) Interfaces can make code more reusable.
b) Interface types can be used to define a new reference data type.
c) Interface types can be used to express common operations required by a service.
d) Interfaces have both private and public methods.
Answer: d

Title: Which statement about interfaces is NOT true?
Difficulty: Medium
7. To use an interface, a class header should include which of the following?

a) The keyword extends and the name of an abstract method in the interface
b) The keyword extends and the name of the interface
c) The keyword implements and the name of an abstract method in the interface
d) The keyword implements and the name of the interface
Answer: d

Title: To use an interface, what must a class header include?
Difficulty: Medium
8. ____ can reduce the coupling between classes.

a) Static methods
b) Abstract methods
c) Interfaces
d) Objects
Answer: c

Title: ____ can reduce the coupling between classes.
Difficulty: Easy
9. Consider the following code snippet:

public class Inventory implements Measurable
{
. . .
public double getMeasure();
{
return onHandCount;
}
}
Why is it necessary to declare getMeasure as public ?

a) All methods in a class are not public by default.
b) All methods in an interface are private by default.
c) It is necessary only to allow other classes to use this method.
d) It is not necessary to declare this method as public.
Answer: a
Section Reference: Common Error 9.1

Title: Why is it necessary to declare getMeasure as public?
Difficulty: Hard
10. Which of the following statements about interfaces is NOT true?
a) Interfaces can make code more reusable.
b) An interface provides no implementation.
c) A class can implement only one interface type.
d) Interfaces can reduce the coupling between classes.
Answer: c

Title: Which statement about interfaces is NOT true?
Difficulty: Medium
11. ____ methods must be implemented when using an interface.

a) Abstract.
b) Private.
c) Public.
d) Static
Answer: a

Title: ____ methods must be implemented when using an interface.
Difficulty: Easy
12. Suppose you are writing an interface called Resizable, which includes one void
method called resize.
public interface Resizable

{
_________________________
}
Which of the following can be used to complete the interface declaration correctly?
a) private void resize();

b) protected void resize();
c) void resize();
d) public void resize() { System.out.println("resizing ..."); }
Answer: c
Title: Identify correct method declaration in interface

Difficulty: Easy
Section Reference 1: 10.1 Using Interfaces for Algorithm Reuse
13. Consider the following declarations:
public interface Encryptable

{
void encrypt(String key);
}
public class SecretText implements Encryptable

{
private String text;
_____________________________
{
// code to encrypt the text using encryption key goes here
}
}
Which of the following method headers should be used to complete the SecretText
class?
a) public void encrypt()

b) public void encrypt(String aKey)
c) public String encrypt(String aKey)
d) void encrypt(String aKey)
Answer: b
Title: Identify correct method header to use when implementing interface

Difficulty: Medium
Section Reference 1: 10.1 Using Interfaces for Algorithm Reuse

{
. . .
double getMeasure();
{
return onHandCount;
}
}
What is wrong with this code?

a) The getMeasure() method must be declared as private.
b) The getMeasure() method must include the implements keyword.
c) The getMeasure() method must be declared as public.
d) The getMeasure() method must not have any code within it.
Answer: c

Title: What is wrong with this code about interfaces?
Difficulty: Medium

public interface Sizable
{
int LARGE_CHANGE = 100;
int SMALL_CHANGE = 20;
void changeSize();
}
Which of the following statements is true?

a) LARGE_CHANGE and SMALL_CHANGE are automatically public static final.
b) LARGE_CHANGE and SMALL_CHANGE are instance variables
c) LARGE_CHANGE and SMALL_CHANGE must be defined with the keywords private
static final.
d) LARGE_CHANGE and SMALL_CHANGE must be defined with the keywords public static
final.
Answer: a
Section Reference: Special Topic 10.1

Title: Which statement about interface definitions is true?
Difficulty: Hard

{
. . .
{
return onHandCount;
}
}
The compiler complains that the getMeasure method has a weaker access level than the
Measurable interface. Why?
a) All of the methods in a class have a default access level of package access, while the
methods of an interface have a default access level of private.
b) All of the methods in a class have a default access level of package access, while the
methods of an interface have a default access level of public.
c) The variable onHandCount was not declared with public access.
d) The getMeasure method was declared as private in the Measurable interface.
Answer: b

Title: What is wrong with this code implementing an interface?
Difficulty: Hard
17. Which of the following is true regarding a class and interface types?
a) You can convert from a class type to any interface type that is in the same package as
the class.
b) You can convert from a class type to any interface type that the class implements.
c) You can convert from a class type to any interface type that the class defines.
d) You cannot convert from a class type to any interface type.
Answer: b
Section Reference: 10.2 Working with Interface Variables

Title: Which is true regarding a class and interface types?
Difficulty: Hard
18. Consider the following code snippet.

public interface Measurable
{
}
public class Coin implements Measurable

{
public double getMeasure()
{
return value;
}
...
}
public class DataSet

{
...
public void add()
{
...
}
}
public class BankAccount

{
...
public void add()
{
...
}
}
Which of the following statements is correct?
a)
Coin dime = new Coin(0.1, "dime");
Measurable x = dime;
b)
Dataset x = dime;
c)
DataSet x == (Measureable)dime;
d)
BankAccount x = dime;
Answer: a

Title: Which code statement is correct?
Difficulty: Medium
19. Which of the following statements about converting between types is true?
a) When you cast number types, you take a risk that an exception will occur.
b) When you cast number types, you will not lose information.
c) When you cast object types, you take a risk of losing information.
d) When you cast object types, you take a risk that an exception will occur.
Answer: d

Title: Which statement about converting between types is true?
Difficulty: Medium
20. Which of the following statements about interfaces is true?
a) You can define an interface variable that refers to an object of any class in the same
package.
b) You cannot define a variable whose type is an interface.
c) You can instantiate an object from an interface class.
d) You can define an interface variable that refers to an object only if the object belongs
to a class that implements the interface.
Answer: d

Title: Which statement about interfaces is true?
Difficulty: Hard
21. You have created a class named Motor that implements an interface named
Measurable. You have declared a variable of type Measureable named
motorTemperature. Which of the following statements is true?
a) The object to which motorTemperature refers has type Measurable.

b) The object to which motorTemperature refers has type Motor.
c) This declaration is illegal.
d) You must construct a motorTemperature object from the Measurable interface.
Answer: b

Title: Which statement about a variable whose type is an interface variable is true?
Difficulty: Medium
22. ____ occurs when a single class has several methods with the same name but
different parameter types.
a) Casting
b) Polymorphism
c) Overloading
d) Instantiation
Answer: c

Title: ____ occurs when a single class has several methods with the same name.
Difficulty: Easy

public class Demo
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Point[] p = new Point[4];
p[0] = new Colored3DPoint(4, 4, 4, Color.BLACK);
p[1] = new ThreeDimensionalPoint(2, 2, 2);
p[2] = new ColoredPoint(3, 3, Color.RED);
p[3] = new Point(4, 4);
for (int i = 0; i < p.length; i++)

{
String s = p[i].toString();
System.out.println("p[" + i + "] : " + s);
}
return;
}
}
This code is an example of ____.
a) overloading
b) callback
c) early binding
d) polymorphism
Answer: d

Title: his code is an example of ____.
Difficulty: Medium
24. If you have multiple classes in your program that have implemented the same
interface in different ways, how is the correct method executed?
a) The Java virtual machine must locate the correct method by looking at the class of the
actual object.
b) The compiler must determine which method implementation to use.
c) The method must be qualified with the class name to determine the correct method.
d) You cannot have multiple classes in the same program with different implementations
of the same interface.
Answer: a

Title: How does the correct method get called?
Difficulty: Medium
public interface Displayable

{
void display();
}
public class Picture implements Displayable

{
private int size;
public void increaseSize()

{
size++;
}
public void decreaseSize()

{
size--;
}
public void display()

{
System.out.println(size);
}
public void display(int value)

{
System.out.println(value * size);
}
}
What method invocation can be used to complete the code segment below?
Displayable picture = new Picture();

picture._________________;
a) increaseSize()
b) decreaseSize()
c) display()
d) display(5)
Answer: c
Title: Identify legal method invocation for variable of interface type

Difficulty: Medium
Section Reference 1: 10.2 Working with Interface Variables
26. Which of the following can potentially be changed when implementing an interface?
a) The parameters of a method in the interface.

b) The name of a method in the interface.
c) The return type of a method in the interface.
d) You cannot change the name, return type, or parameters of a method in the interface.
Answer: d

Title: Which can be changed when implementing an interface?
Difficulty: Medium
27. Consider the following class:

public class Player implements Comparable
{
private String name;
private int goalsScored;
// other methods go here
public int compareTo(Object otherObject)

{
__________________________________
return (goalsScored – otherPlayer.goalsScored);
}
}
What statement can be used to complete the compareTo() method?
a) Player otherPlayer = otherObject;

b) Object otherPlayer = otherObject;
c) Player otherPlayer = (Player) otherObject;
d) Object otherPlayer = (Player) otherObject;
Answer: c
Title: Identify correct statement to complete compareTo() method in sample class

Difficulty: Medium
Section Reference 1: 10.3 The Comparable Interface
28. The method below is designed to print the smaller of two values received as
arguments. Select the correct expression to complete the method.
public void showSmaller(Comparable value1, Comparable value2)

{
if ( _________________________ )
System.out.println(value1 + " is smaller.");
else
System.out.println(value2 + " is smaller.");
}
a) value1 < value2

b) value1.compareTo(value2) > 0
c) value1.compareTo(value2) == 0
d) value1.compareTo(value2) < 0
Answer: d
Title: Identify correct statement to compare two Comparable objects

Difficulty: Medium
Section Reference 1: 10.3 The Comparable Interface
29. Which of the following statements about a callback is NOT true?
a) A callback can allow you to implement a new method for a class that is not under your
control.
b) A callback can be implemented using an interface.
c) A callback is a mechanism for specifying code to be executed later.
d) A callback method declared in an interface must specify the class of objects that it will
manipulate.
Answer: d
Section Reference: 10.4 Using Interfaces for Callbacks

Title: Which statement about a callback is NOT true?
Difficulty: Medium
30. In Java, ____ can be used for callbacks.

a) Objects
b) Interfaces
c) Classes
d) Operators
Answer: b

Title: In Java, ____ can be used for callbacks.
Difficulty: Easy
31. You wish to implement a callback method for an object created from a system class
that you cannot change. What approach does the textbook recommend to accomplish
this?
a) Create a new class that mimics the system class.

b) Extend the system class.
c) Use an inner class in the interface.
d) Use a helper class that implements the callback method.
Answer: d

Title: How to implement a callback method for a system class.
Difficulty: Medium
32. Which of the following statements about helper classes is true?
a) Helper classes must be inner classes.

b) Helper classes must implement interfaces.
c) Helper classes help reduce coupling.
d) Helper classes cannot contain instance variables.
Answer: c

Title: Which statement about helper classes is true?
Difficulty: Easy
public interface Measurer

{
int measure(Object anObject);
}
public class StringLengthMeasurer implements Measurer

{
public int measure(_________________)
{
String str = (String) anObject;
return str.length();
}
}
What parameter declaration can be used to complete the callback measure method?
a) Object anObject
b) String anObject
c) Object aString
d) String aString
Answer: a
Title: Identify correct parameter declaration to complete callback method
Difficulty: Easy
Section Reference 1: 10.4 Using Interfaces for Callbacks
34. Assuming that interface Resizable is declared elsewhere, consider the following
class declaration:
public class InnerClassExample

{
{
class SizeModifier implements Resizable
{
// class methods
}
__________________________ // missing statement

}
}
Which of the following declarations can be used to complete the main method?
a) Resizable something = new Resizable();

b) Resizable something = new SizeModifier();
c) Resizable something = new InnerClassExample();
d) SizeModifier something = new Resizable();
Answer: b
Title: Identify correct declaration using inner class to complete main method
Difficulty: Medium
Section Reference 1: 10.5 Inner Classes
35. Which of the following statements about an inner class is true?
a) An inner class can only be defined within a specific method of its enclosing class.
b) An inner class can only be defined outside of any method within its enclosing class.
c) An inner class must implement an interface.
d) An inner class may be anonymous.
Answer: d
Section 10.5 Inner Classes

Title: Which statement about an inner class is true?
Difficulty: Easy
36. A/an ____ class defined in a method signals to the reader of your program that the
class is not interesting beyond the scope of the method.
a) A class cannot be defined within a method

b) abstract
c) interface
d) inner
Answer: d

Title: A/an ___ class defined in a method signals what?
Difficulty: Easy
a) An inner class that is defined inside a method is publicly accessible.

b) An inner class that is defined inside a method is not publicly accessible.
c) An inner class that is defined inside an enclosing class but outside of its methods is not
available to all methods of the enclosing class.
d) An inner class is used for a utility class that should be visible elsewhere in the
program.
Answer: b

Difficulty: Hard
38. Which of the following is a good use for an anonymous class?
a) Use an anonymous class to implement polymorphism.

b) Use an anonymous class to implement a callback.
c) Use an anonymous class when all methods of the class will be static methods.
d) Use an anonymous class when the program will only need one object of the class.
Answer: d

Title: Which is a good use for an anonymous class?
Difficulty: Hard
myImage.add(new Rectangle(10,10,10,10));
This code is an example of using ____.
a) An anonymous class.
b) An anonymous object.
c) An abstract object.
d) An abstract class.
Answer: b

Title: This code is an example of using ____.
Difficulty: Hard
40. Which of the following statements about a mock class is true?
a) A mock class does not provide an implementation of the services of the actual class.
b) A mock class provides a complete implementation of the services of the actual class.
c) A mock class provides a simplified implementation of the services of the actual class.
d) A mock class must be an interface.
Answer: c
Section 10.6 Mock Objects

Title: Which statement about a mock class is true?
Difficulty: Easy
41. What role does an interface play when using a mock class?
a) The mock class should be an interface that will be implemented by the real class.
b) The real class should be an interface that will be implemented by the mock class.
c) Interfaces are not involved when using mock classes.
d) An interface should be implemented by both the real class and the mock class to
guarantee that the mock class accurately simulates the real class when used in a program.
Answer: d
Section 10.6 Mock Objects

Title: What role does an interface play in a mock class?
Difficulty: Medium
42. Which of the following statements about events and graphical user interface programs
is true?
a) Your program must instruct the Java window manager to send it notifications about
specific types of events to which the program wishes to respond.
b) The Java window manager will automatically send your program notifications about
all events that have occurred.
c) Your program must respond to notifications of all types of events that are sent to it by
the Java window manager.
D) Your program must override the default methods to handle events.
Answer: a
Section 10.7 Event Handling

Title: Which statement about events and GUI programs is true?
Difficulty: Medium
43. Consider the following class:

public class ClickListener implements ActionListener
{
__________________________________________
{
System.out.println("mouse event ...");
}
}
Which of the following method headers should be used to complete the ClickListener
class?
a) public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)

b) public void actionPerformed(ClickListener event)
c) public void actionPerformed()
d) public void actionPerformed(ActionListener event)
Answer: a
Title: Identify correct actionPerformed method header

Difficulty: Easy
Section Reference 1: 10.7 Event Handling
44. ____ are generated when the user presses a key, clicks a button, or selects a menu
item.
a) Listeners
b) Interfaces.
c) Events.
d) Errors.
Answer: c

Title: ____ are generated when the user interacts with GUI components.
Difficulty: Easy
45. A/an ____ belongs to a class whose methods describe the actions to be taken when a
user clicks a user-interface graphical object.
a) Event listener
b) Event source
c) Action listener
d) Action method
Answer: a

Title: A/an ____ belongs to a class whose methods describe actions to be taken.
Difficulty: Easy
46. Which of the following is an event source?
a) A JButton object.
b) An event listener.
c) An inner class.
d) An event adapter.
Answer: a

Title: Which is an event source?
Difficulty: Easy
47. To respond to a button event, a listener must supply instructions for the ____ method
of the ActionListener interface.
a) actionEvent.
b) actionPerformed
c) eventAction
d) eventResponse
Answer: b

Title: To respond to a button event, a listener must implement the ____ method.
Difficulty: Medium
48. To associate an event listener with a JButton component, you must use the ___
method of the JButton class.
a) addEventListener.
b) addActionListener.
c) addButtonListener.
d) addListener
Answer: b

Title: How to associate an event listener with a JButton component.
Difficulty: Easy
49. The methods of a/an ____ describe the actions to be taken when an event occurs.
a) event source
b) event listener
c) event interface
d) action source
Answer: b

Title: The methods of a/an ____ describe the actions when an event occurs.
Difficulty: Easy
50. When an event occurs, the event source notifies all ____.
a) components
b) panels
c) interfaces
d) event listeners
Answer: d
Title: When an event occurs, the event source notifies all ____.
Difficulty: Easy
51. Which container is used to group multiple user-interface components together?
a) text area
b) table
c) panel
d) rectangle
Answer: c

Title: Which container groups user-interface components?
Difficulty: Easy
52. Which of the following statements will compile without error?
a)
public interface AccountListener()
{
void actionPerformed(AccountEvent event);
}
b)
public interface AccountListener()
{
void actionPerformed(AccountEvent);
}
c)
public interface AccountListener
{
}
d)
public abstract AccountListener
{
}
Answer: c

Title: Which interface definition compiles without error?
Difficulty: Hard
53. Which of the following statements about listener classes is true?
a) A listener class cannot be declared as an anonymous inner class.

b) A listener class cannot be declared as an inner class.
c) A listener class must be declared as an inner class.
d) A listener class must be declared as an anonymous inner class.
Answer: a

Title: Which statement about listener classes is true?
Difficulty: Hard

JFrame frame = new JFrame();
JPanel panel = new JPanel
Which statement would add the panel to the frame?
a) frame.add(panel);
b) frame.add(JPanel panel);
c) frame.addComponent(panel);
d) frame.addComponent(JPanel panel);
Answer: a
Section 10.8 Building Applications with Buttons Title: How to add a panel to a frame.
Difficulty: Easy

import ____________________
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
/**
An action listener that prints.
*/
{
public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
{
System.out.println("I was clicked.");
}
}
Which of the following statements will complete this code?
a) java.swing.event.ActionEvent;.
b) javax.swing.event.ActionEvent;
c) javax.awt.event.ActionEvent;
d) java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
Answer: d

Title: Which statement will complete this code?
Difficulty: Hard
56. Event listeners are often installed as ____ classes so that they can have access to the
surrounding fields, methods, and final variables.
a) Inner
b) Interface
c) Abstract
d) Helper
Answer: a

Title: Event listeners are often installed as ____ classes.
Difficulty: Medium
a) An inner class may not be declared within a method of the enclosing scope.
b) An inner class may only be declared within a method of the enclosing scope.
c) An inner class can access variables from the enclosing scope only if they are passed as
constructor or method parameters.
d) The methods of an inner class can access variables declared in the enclosing scope.
Answer: d

Difficulty: Medium

{
{
System.out.println("I was clicked.");
}
}
public class ButtonTester
{
{
JFrame frame = new JFrame();
JButton button = new JButton("Click me!");
frame.add(button);
ActionListener listener = new ClickListener();

button.addActionListener(listener);
...
}
}
Which of the following statements is correct?
a) Class ButtonTester is an interface type.

b) A ClickListener object can be added as a listener for the action events that buttons
generate.
c) Class ClickListener is an interface type.
d) Class ButtonTester implements an interface type.
Answer: b

Title: Select the correct statement about a button's event code.
Difficulty: Medium
59. An inner class can access local variables from the enclosing scope only if they are
declared as ____.
a) private
b) public
c) static
d) final
Answer: b

Title: An inner class can access local variables declared as ____.
Difficulty: Medium
60. Which of the following code statements creates a graphical button which has
"Calculate" as its label ?
a) Button JButton = new Button("Calculate").

b) button = new Button(JButton, "Calculate").
c) button = new JButton("Calculate").
d) JButton button = new JButton("Calculate").
Answer: d
Section 10.8 Building Applications with ButtonsTitle: Which statement creates a button?
Difficulty: Easy
61. To build a user interface that contains graphical components, the components ____.
a) Must be added directly to a frame component.
b) Must each be added to a separate panel.
c) Must be added to a panel that is contained within a frame.
d) Must be added to a frame that is contained within a panel.
Answer: c
Section 10.8 Building Applications with ButtonsTitle: To build a user interface, the
graphical components ____.
Difficulty: Easy
62. How do you specify what the program should do when the user clicks a button?
a) Specify the actions to take in a class that implements the ButtonListener interface.
b) Specify the actions to take in a class that implements the ButtonEvent interface .
c) Specify the actions to take in a class that implements the ActionListener interface.
d) Specify the actions to take in a class that implements the EventListener interface.
Answer: c
Section 10.8 Building Applications with ButtonsTitle: How to specify action for a
button?
Difficulty: Medium
63. A(n) ____ has an instance method addActionListener() for specifying which
object is responsible for implementing the action associated with the object.
a) JFrame
b) JSlider
c) JButton
d) JLabel
Answer: c
Section 10.8 Building Applications with ButtonsTitle: How to specify action for a button.
Difficulty: Medium

{
Order myOrder = new Order();
JButton button = new JButton("Calculate");
JLabel label = new JLabel("Total amount due");
. . .
class MyListener implements ActionListener
{
{
label.setText("Total amount due " + myOrder.getAmountDue());
}
}
}

a) label must be declared as final.
b) myOrder must be declared as final
c) label and myOrder must be declared as final
d) label and button must be declared as final.
Answer: c
Section 10.8 Building Applications with ButtonsTitle: What is wrong with this listener
code?
Difficulty: Medium

{
final Order myOrder = new Order();
final JLabel label = new JLabel("Total amount due");
. . .
{
{
. . .
}
}
}
Which of the local variables can be accessed within the actionPerformed method?
a) Only button can be accessed..

b) All of the local variables can be accessed.
c) label and myOrder can be accessed.
d) Only myOrder can be accessed.
Answer: c
Section 10.8 Building Applications with ButtonsTitle: Which local variables can be
accessed?
Difficulty: Medium
66. Consider the following code snippet which is supposed to show the total order
amount when the button is clicked:
{
final Order myOrder = new Order();
final JLabel label = new JLabel("Total amount due");
. . .
{
{
label.setText("Total amount due " + myOrder.getAmountDue());
}
}
ActionListener listener = new MyListener();
}
a) button should be declared as final

b) The listener has not been attached to the button.
c) The listener cannot access the methods of the myOrder object.
d) This code will display the total order amount.
Answer: b

Title: What is wrong with this listener code?
Difficulty: Medium
67. Use the ____ method to specify the height and width of a graphical component when
you add it to a panel.
a) setPreferredDimensions.
b) setInitialDimensions.
c) setPreferredSize.
d) setInitialSize.
Answer: c

Title: Use the ____ method to specify dimensions of a graphical component .
Difficulty: Easy
68) Assuming that the ClickListener class implements the ActionListener interface,
what statement should be used to complete the following code segment?
ClickListener listener = new ClickListener();

JButton myButton = new JButton("Submit");
JPanel myPanel = new JPanel();
myPanel.add(myButton);
______________________ // missing statement
a) myPanel.addActionListener(listener);
b) myButton.addActionListener(listener);
c) myPanel.addActionListener(myButton);
d) myButton.addActionListener(ClickListener);
Answer: b
Title: Identify correct statement to add event listener object to a graphical object
Difficulty: Medium
Section Reference 1: 10.8 Building Applications with Buttons
69) Assume that the TimerListener class implements the ActionListener interface. If
the actionPerformed method in TimerListener needs to be executed every second,
what statement should be used to complete the following code segment?
ActionListener listener = new TimerListener();

_________________________________ // missing statement
timer.start();
a) Timer timer = new Timer(listener);

b) Timer timer = new Timer(1, listener);
c) Timer timer = new Timer(100, listener);
d) Timer timer = new Timer(1000, listener);
Answer: d
Title: Identify correct statement to initialize a Timer object

Difficulty: Easy
Section Reference 1: 10.9 Processing Timer Events
70. The Timer class is found in the ____ package.
a) java.awt.
b) javax.awt.
c) java.swing.
d) javax.swing.
Answer: d
Section 10.9 Processing Timer Events

Title: The Timer class is found in which package?
Difficulty: Easy
71. When you use a timer, you need to define a class that implements the ____ interface.
a) TimerListener
b) TimerActionListener
c) ActionListener
d) StartTimerListener
Answer: c

Title: The Timer component requires which interface?
Difficulty: Medium
72. The ____ class in the javax.swing package generates a sequence of events, spaced
apart at even time intervals.
a) TimeClock
b) Timer
c) Clock
d) StopWatch
Answer: b
Title: Which class generates events at even time intervals?
Difficulty: Easy

final RectangleComponent component = new RectangleComponent();
MouseListener listener = new MousePressListener();

component.addMouseListener(listener);
______________
frame.add(component);
frame.setSize(FRAME_WIDTH, FRAME_HEIGHT);
frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
frame.setVisible(true);
Which of the following statements completes this code?
a) private static final int FRAME_WIDTH = 300;

b) private static final int FRAME_HEIGHT = 400;
c) Frame frame = new Frame();
d) JFrame frame = new JFrame();
Answer: d
Section 10.10 Mouse Events

Title: Which statement completes this code?
Difficulty: Medium
74. Consider the code snippet below:

public class RectangleComponent extends JComponent
{
private Rectangle box;
private static final int BOX_X = 100;

private static final int BOX_Y = 100;
private static final int BOX_WIDTH = 20;
private static final int BOX_HEIGHT = 30;
public RectangleComponent()
{
// The rectangle that the paint method draws
box = new Rectangle(BOX_X, BOX_Y,
BOX_WIDTH, BOX_HEIGHT);
}
public void paintComponent(Graphics g)

{
super.paintComponent(g);
Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g;
g2.draw(box);
}
public void moveTo(int x, int y)

{
box.setLocation(x, y);
repaint();
}
}
Which statement causes the rectangle to appear at an updated location?
a) repaint();
b) g2.draw(box);
c) box.setLocation(x, y);
d) private Rectangle box;
Answer: a

Title: Which statement causes the rectangle to appear at an updated location?
Difficulty: Medium

{
{
System.out.println(event);
}
}
Timer t = new Timer(interval, listener);

t.start();
a) The Timer object should be declared before the MyListener class.

b) The listener has not been attached to the Timer object.
c) The Timer object must be declared as final.
d) There is nothing wrong with the code.
Answer: b

Difficulty: Medium
76. You have a class which extends the JComponent class. In this class you have created
a painted graphical object. Your code will change the data in the graphical object. What
additional code is needed to ensure that the graphical object will be updated with the
changed data?
a) You must call the component object's paintComponent() method.

b) You must call the component object's repaint() method.
c) You do not have to do anything – the component object will be automatically repainted
when its data changes.
d) You must use a Timer object to cause the component object to be updated.
Answer: b

Title: What code is needed to update a painted component?
Difficulty: Medium
77. The ____ method should be called whenever you modify the shapes that the
paintComponent method draws.
a) draw
b) paint
c) paintComponent
d) repaint
Answer: d

Title: The ____ method should be called whenever you modify shapes using
paintComponent.
Difficulty: Easy
78. If the user presses and releases a mouse button in quick succession, which methods
of the MouseListener interface are called?
a) mousePressed, mouseReleased, and mouseClicked.

b) mousePressed, mouseReleased, and mouseDblClicked
c) Only the mouseClicked method.
d) Only the mouseDblClicked method.
Answer: b
Title: Which MouseListener interface methods are called?
Difficulty: Medium
79. Suppose listener is an instance of a class that implements the MouseListener

interface. How many methods does listener have?
a) 0
b) 1
c) 3
d) at least 5
Answer: d

Title: How many methods does MouseListener have?
Difficulty: Medium
80. Use the ____ method to add a mouse listener to a component.
a) addListener
b) addMouseListener
c) addActionListener
d) addMouseActionListener
Answer: b

Title: How to add a mouse listener to a component.
Difficulty: Medium
81. A/an ____ is used to capture mouse events.
a) action listener
b) event listener
c) mouse listener
d) component listener
Answer: c

Title: A/an ____ is used to capture mouse events.
Difficulty: Easy
82. You wish to detect when the mouse is moved into a graphical component. Which
methods of the MouseListener interface will provide this information?
a) mouseMoved
b) mouseEntered
c) mouseOver
d) mouseIncoming
Answer: b

Title: Which MouseListener interface methods are called when the mouse is moved?
Difficulty: Medium

class MouseClickedListener implements ActionListener
{
public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent event)
{
int x = event.getX();
int y = event.getY();
component.moveTo(x,y);
}
}
a) The mouseClicked method cannot access the x and y coordinates of the mouse.
b) repaint() method was not called.
c) The class has implemented the wrong interface.
d) There is nothing wrong with this code.
Answer: c

Difficulty: Hard

public class MyMouseListener
{
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent event)
{
double x;
double y;
_______
System.out.println("x: " + x + ", y: " + y);
}
}
Which of the following statements should be in the indicated position to print out where
the mouse was pressed?
a) x = event.getXposition(); y = event.getYposition();
b) x = (MouseEvent) getX(); y = (MouseEvent) getY();
c) x = event.printX(); y = event.printY();
d) x = event.getX(); y = event.getY();
Answer: d

Title: What statement completes this code?
Difficulty: Hard
85. What does the MouseAdapter class provide?
a) MouseAdapter class implements all of the methods of the MouseListener interface as

do nothing methods, eliminating the need to implement the MouseListener interface.
b) MouseAdapter class allows your program to accept input from multiple mice.
c) MouseAdapter class implements all of the methods of the ActionListener interface
as do nothing methods, eliminating the need to implement the ActionListener interface.
d) A class can implement the MouseAdapter class to handle mouse events.
Answer: a

Title: What does the MouseAdapter class provide?
Difficulty: Medium
Another random document with
no related content on Scribd:
in becoming insensible, and, in not a few cases, he did not become
affected beyond a degree of excitement and inebriety.
To ensure the ether taking effect in a short time in every case, I
made use of the conducting power of the metals, and the great
capacity of water for caloric. The inhaler which I employed was made
of plated copper, and was placed in two or three pints of water, of the
ordinary temperature. The form of the inhaler was that of one which
had been contrived by Mr. Julius Jeffries for the inhalation of
aqueous vapour.[159] No sponge or bibulous paper, or other material,
was used; and the air, before being inhaled, was made to pass over a
considerable surface of ether by means of a spiral volute, soldered to
the top of the inhaler, and reaching nearly to the bottom. The
accompanying engraving shows the interior of the inhaler, on a scale
of half the dimensions, the bottom being removed.
The Physiological Effects of Ether are essentially the same as those

of chloroform. The various degrees of narcotism which I described in
the earlier part of this work, when treating of chloroform, were first
described by me when treating of ether in 1847, before chloroform
was in use.[160] All the remarks which I made with respect to the
manner in which age, strength or debility, and other circumstances,
influence the action of chloroform, apply also in an equal degree to
ether.
I performed some experiments in 1848,[161] for ascertaining the
proportions of vapour of ether present in the blood in the different
degrees of narcotism. They were conducted on the same principles as
those previously related, which were performed for the purpose of
determining the same point in regard to chloroform.
Experiment 31. Two grains of ether were put into a jar holding 200
cubic inches, and the vapour diffused equally, when a tame mouse
was introduced, and allowed to remain a quarter of an hour, but it
was not appreciably affected.
Experiment 32. Another mouse was placed in the same jar, with
three grains of ether, being a grain and a half to each 100 cubic
inches. In a minute and a half, it was unable to stand, but continued
to move its limbs occasionally. It remained eight minutes without
becoming further affected. When taken out, it was sensible to
pinching, but fell over on its side in attempting to walk. In a minute
and a half, the effect of the ether appeared to have gone off entirely.
Experiment 33. A white mouse in the same jar, with four grains of
ether, was unable to stand at the end of a minute, and at the end of
another minute ceased to move, but continued to breathe naturally,
and was taken out at the end of five minutes. It moved on being
pinched, began to attempt to walk at the end of a minute, and in two
minutes more seemed quite recovered.
Experiment 34. Five grains of ether, being two and a half grains to
each 100 cubic inches, were diffused throughout the same jar, and a
mouse put in. It became rather more quickly insensible than the one
in the last experiment. It was allowed to remain eight minutes. It
moved its foot a very little when pinched, and recovered in the course
of four minutes.
Experiment 35. A white mouse was placed in the same jar with six
grains of ether. In a minute and a half, it was lying insensible. At the
end of three minutes, the breathing became laborious, and
accompanied by a kind of stertor. It continued in this state till taken
out, at the end of seven minutes, when it was found to be totally
insensible to pinching. The breathing improved at the end of a
minute; it began to move at the end of three minutes; and five
minutes after its removal, it had recovered.
Experiment 36. The same mouse was put into this jar on the
following day, with seven grains of ether, being 3·5 grains to the 100
cubic inches. Stertorous breathing came on sooner than before; it
seemed at the point of death when four minutes had elapsed; and
being then taken out, was longer in recovering than after the last
experiment.
Experiment 37. Two or three days afterwards, the same mouse was
placed in the jar, with eight grains of ether, being four grains for each
100 cubic inches. It became insensible in half a minute. In two
minutes and a half, the breathing became difficult; and at a little
more than three minutes, it appeared that the breathing was about to
cease, and the mouse was taken out. In a minute or two, the
breathing improved; and in the course of five minutes from its
removal, it had recovered.
The temperature of the mice employed in the above experiments
was about 100°. That of the birds in the following experiments was
higher, as is stated; and they differ widely from the mice in the
strength of vapour required to produce a given effect, although I
found but little difference between the mice and birds, in this
respect, in the former experiments on chloroform. And one of the
linnets was employed in both sets of experiments. Having seen MM.
Dumeril and Demarquay’s statement of the diminution of animal
temperature from inhalation of ether and chloroform, before the
following experiments were performed, the thermometer was
applied at the beginning and conclusion of some of them. I have
selected every fourth experiment from a larger series on birds.
Experiment 38. 18·4 grains of ether were diffused through a jar
holding 920 cubic inches, being two grains to each 100 cubic inches,
and a green linnet was introduced. After two or three minutes it
staggered somewhat, and in a few minutes more appeared so drowsy,
that it had a difficulty in holding up its head. It was taken out at the
end of a quarter of an hour, quite sensible, and in a minute or two,
was able to get on its perch. The temperature under the wing was
110° before the experiment began, and the same at the conclusion.
Experiment 39. Another linnet was placed in the same jar, with
four grains of ether to each 100 cubic inches of air. In two minutes it
was unable to stand, and in a minute more, voluntary motion had
ceased. It lay breathing quietly till taken out, at the end of a quarter
of an hour. It moved its foot slightly when it was pinched. In three
minutes it began to recover voluntary motion, and was soon well.
The temperature was 110° under the wing, when put into the jar, and
105° when taken out.
Experiment 40. A green linnet was put into the same jar with 55·2
grains of ether, being six grains to 100 cubic inches. It was insensible
in a minute and a half, and lay motionless, breathing naturally, till
taken out at the end of a quarter of an hour. It moved its toes very
slightly when they were pinched with the forceps, and it began to
recover voluntary motion in two or three minutes. Temperature 110°
before the experiment, and 102° at the end.
Experiment 41. A linnet was placed in the same jar, containing
eight grains of ether to each 100 cubic inches. Voluntary motion
ceased at the end of a minute. The breathing was natural for some
time, but afterwards became feeble, and at the end of four minutes
appeared to have ceased; and the bird was taken out, when it was
found to be breathing very gently. It was totally insensible to
pinching. The breathing improved, and it recovered in four minutes.
Experiment 42. 9·2 grains of ether, being one grain to each 100
cubic inches of air, were diffused through the jar, holding 920 cubic
inches of air, and a frog was introduced. At the end of a quarter of an
hour, it had ceased to move spontaneously, but could be made to
move its limbs, by inclining the jar so as to turn it over. At the end of
half an hour, voluntary motion could no longer be excited, and the
breathing was slow. It was removed, at the end of three-quarters of
an hour, quite insensible, and the respiratory movements being
performed only at long intervals, but the heart beating naturally; and
it recovered in the course of half an hour. The temperature of the
room was 55° at the time of this experiment.
We find from the 32nd experiment, that a grain and a half of ether
for each 100 cubic inches of air, is sufficient to induce the second
degree of narcotism in the mouse; and a grain and a half of ether
make 1·9 cubic inch of vapour, of specific gravity 2·586. Now the
ether I employed boiled at 96°. At this temperature, consequently, its
vapour would exclude the air entirely; and ether vapour, in contact
with the liquid giving it off, could only be raised to 100° by such a
pressure as would cause the boiling point of the ether to rise to that
temperature. That pressure would be equal to 32·4 inches of
mercury, or 2·4 inches above the usual barometrical pressure; and
the vapour would be condensed somewhat, so that the space of 100
cubic inches would contain what would be equivalent to 108 cubic
inches at the usual pressure. This is the quantity, then, with which
we have to compare 1·9 cubic inch, in order to ascertain the degree of
saturation of the space in the air-cells of the lungs, and also of the
blood; and by calculation, as when treating of chloroform,
1·9 is to 108 as 0·0175 is to 1.
So that we find 0·0175, or 1–57th to be the amount of saturation of
the blood by ether necessary to produce the second degree of
narcotism; and as by Experiment 35, three grains in 100 cubic inches
produced the fourth degree of narcotism, we get 0·035, or 1–28th, as
the amount of saturation of the blood in this degree. Now this is
within the smallest fraction of what was found to be the extent of
saturation of the blood by chloroform, requisite to produce
narcotism to the same degrees. But the respective amount of the two
medicines in the blood differs widely; for whilst chloroform required
about 288 parts of serum to dissolve it, I find that 100 parts of serum
dissolve five parts of ether at 100°; consequently 0·05 × 0·0175 gives
0·000875, or one part in 1142, as the proportion in the blood in the
second degree of narcotism; and 0·05 × 0·035 gives 0·00175, or one
part in 572, as the proportion in the fourth degree.
In Experiment 42 the frog was rendered completely insensible by
vapour of a strength which was not sufficient to produce any
appreciable effect on the mouse in Experiment 31. This is in
accordance with what was met with in the experiments with
chloroform. Air, when saturated with ether at 55°, contains 32 grains
in each 100 cubic inches; so that the blood of the frog might contain
1–32nd part as much as it would dissolve, which, although not quite
so great a proportion as was considered the average for the fourth
degree of narcotism in the mice, yet was more than sufficient to
render insensible the mouse in Experiment 34.
There is a remarkable difference between the birds and the mice,
in respect to the proportions of ether and air required to render them
insensible, a difference that was not observed with respect to
chloroform. In some experiments with ether on guineapigs, which
are not adduced, they were found to agree with mice in the effects of
various quantities.
The birds were found to require nearly twice as much; five grains
to 100 cubic inches, the quantity used in an experiment between the
thirty-ninth and fortieth, which is not related, may be taken as the
average for the fourth degree of narcotism in these birds, with a
temperature of 110°. By the kind of calculation made before, we
should get a higher amount of saturation of the blood than for the
same degree in mice. But as serum at 110° dissolves much less ether
than at 100°, the quantity of this medicine in the blood of birds is not
greater than in that of other animals; and, considered in relation to
what the blood would dissolve at 100°, the degree of saturation is the
same.
By Experiments 36, 37, and 41, we find that with ether, as with
chloroform, a quantity of vapour in the air, somewhat greater than
suffices to induce complete narcotism, has the effect of arresting the
respiratory movements.
In treating of chloroform (page 74), the average quantity of serum
in the adult human subject was estimated at 410 fluidounces. In
order to find the quantity of ether in the system, we may multiply
410 by 0·000875 for the second degree of narcotism, and by 0·00175
for the fourth degree, when we shall obtain 0·358 and 0·71 of an
ounce, i. e. f. ʒii. ♏︎l in the first instance, and f. ʒv. ♏︎xl in the second.
In the third degree of narcotism, in which surgical operations are
usually performed, the quantity is intermediate, or a little over four
drachms.
On the Administration of Ether. About a fluid ounce of ether is
usually inhaled by an adult patient in becoming insensible; fully one-
half of this is, however, thrown back from the lungs, windpipe,
nostrils, and face-piece, without being absorbed. I usually put two
fluid ounces of ether into the inhaler above described, at the
beginning of the inhalation, and this quantity often lasts to the end of
the operation, if it is not a protracted one. The inhaler is connected,
by means of a wide elastic tube, with a face-piece similar to that
described and delineated in treating of chloroform. It is necessary
that the inhalation should commence, as in the case of chloroform,
with the expiratory valve of the face-piece turned on one side, for the
admission of air which is not charged with ether, and that the vapour
should be admitted to the air-passages by degrees, to avoid the
irritation that would arise from suddenly inspiring any considerable
quantity of the vapour. The vapour of ether is very much less
pungent than an equal quantity of the vapour of chloroform; but as
the patient requires to breathe about six times as much of it in the
inspired air, it feels quite as pungent as that of chloroform, and,
perhaps, a little more so. Whilst the patient never requires to take in
more than four or five per cent. of vapour of chloroform in the
inspired air, he requires to inhale about thirty per cent. of vapour of
ether, in order to be rendered insensible in a convenient time. The
air-passages, however, soon get accustomed to the presence of the
vapour of ether, and in a minute and a half or two minutes after the
patient begins to inhale, he can usually bear the valve to be closed so
far as to charge the air with as much vapour as is necessary speedily
to cause insensibility. The inhaler yields quite sufficient vapour when
the water-bath is at 50° Fahr.; and at the seasons of the year when
the temperature of the water is higher, the expiratory valve of the
face-piece can be left more or less open to admit a portion of air
which has not passed through the inhaler.
I prefer the flavour of ether vapour to that of chloroform; and the
sensations I experience from the inhalation of ether are more
pleasurable than those from chloroform. Many persons agree with
me on both those points; but some prefer chloroform. The quantity
of ether expended in causing insensibility is eight or ten times as
great as that of chloroform, but the quantity used in a protracted
operation is not so disproportionate; for, owing to the great solubility
of ether and the large quantity of it which is absorbed, it is much
longer in exhaling by the breath, and when the patient is once fairly
insensible, it does not require to be repeated so frequently as
chloroform.
In administering ether, I usually rendered adult patients insensible
in four or five minutes, and children in two or three minutes. A
somewhat longer time was occasionally occupied in cases in which
the air-passages were irritable, or where there was much rigidity and
struggling. I never failed to make the patient insensible in any one
instance in which I administered ether. I have notes of 152 cases in
which I administered ether, before chloroform was introduced, and
twelve cases in which I have exhibited it since.
Nearly all the great operations of surgery were included several
times amongst the cases in which I administered ether. Amputation
of the thigh was performed in nineteen cases; fifteen of the patients
recovered, and four died. Amputation of the leg was performed
eleven times; eight of the patients recovered, and three died. The arm
was amputated three times; one of the patients died, and two
recovered. There were thus thirty-three of the larger amputations
with eight deaths, being a mortality of twenty-four per cent. There
were two amputations of the forearm, and both patients recovered.
There were nine operations of lithotomy; seven of the patients
recovered, and two died. Five of the patients were children, who all
recovered; the two deaths occurring amongst the four adult patients.
Eighteen female patients had the breast removed for tumour, and
they all recovered except one.
On July 1st, 1847, Mr. Cutler amputated the leg of a man, aged
forty-four, in St. George’s Hospital, who had suffered from disease of
the tibia and ankle, which had existed thirty years, and was caused
by an accident. This patient died on the seventh day, of sloughing
phagedena, which was present in the hospital. It was then found that
he had disease of the heart. Its structure was soft and easily
lacerable; much fat was mixed up with the muscular structure. The
aortic valves were much thickened, and almost cartilaginous in
structure. Two of them were so much contracted that they were
together about the size of a healthy one. The left ventricle was
dilated, and the right ventricle still more so; its walls being extremely
thin. The ether had acted quite favourably on this man.
I administered ether repeatedly in infants and old people. Some of
the infants were operated on by Mr. George Pollock, in 1847, for
congenital cataract by drilling; and two of them were operated on, in
1857, for hare-lip, by Mr. Fergusson and Mr. Bowman. A gentleman,
one of whose toes the late Mr. Liston amputated in 1847, was said to
be subject to apoplectic attacks. The ether acted very favourably.
Amongst the operations which Mr. Liston performed on patients to
whom I administered ether, was the tying of the external iliac artery
in a man, aged forty, for an aneurism of the groin, situated partly
above Poupart’s ligament. The patient lay perfectly still in this, as in
all the other important operations in which I administered ether. He
recovered.
On June 18th, 1847, I exhibited, in University College Hospital,
ether to a man, aged forty-two, with stricture of the urethra, caused
by an accident. He passed his urine only in drops, and the attempts
to pass a catheter had all failed. It was Mr. Liston’s intention to
divide the urethra in the perinæum, but when the patient was placed
fully under the influence of ether to the fourth degree of narcotism, a
catheter (No. 1) passed into the bladder, and the operation was not
required. Larger catheters were introduced in a few days, and on July
27th, the patient was discharged, being able to pass his urine in a
good stream.
Ether was administered in many cases of midwifery by Dr.
Simpson, who had first applied it in obstetric cases, and by a number
of other practitioners. I only exhibited it in one case, and then only
for a short time. Mr. Lansdown of Bristol used it in thirty cases.[162]
In one case, it was continued for eleven hours and a half, and
fourteen fluid ounces of ether were used. He said that he invariably
found the perinæum relaxed before the head came to bear on it,
thereby not requiring the pressure of the head to force it open, in
cases where ether was used. He says: “I find the uterus sending out
the placenta immediately after the expulsion of the child, and there
has been scarcely any hæmorrhage following.” Mr. Lansdown said
that he had found the action of the uterus to be induced by ether,
when in a sluggish state, but he had not found this effect from
chloroform, in the cases in which he had used it.
Ether was used with great advantage in most of the kinds of
medical cases in which chloroform was afterwards applied. In the
summer of 1847, an infant, nine months old, was brought to me in a
convulsive fit, which had lasted twenty minutes. I poured twenty
minims of ether on a sponge, and applied it to its mouth and nostrils;
in two or three minutes, the quantity was repeated. The spasm
subsided, and the child fell asleep. It had no return of the fit. It was
labouring under hooping-cough at the time, which had existed a
week.
The inhalation of ether was employed in the treatment of asthma,
hooping-cough, and tetanus, before it was employed in surgical
operations. It has been already stated (page 14) that Dr. Richard
Pearson administered the vapour of ether in consumption in 1795.
Dr. Robert Willis sent an article to the Medical Gazette on February
2nd, 1847,[163] in which the following passages occur.
“Ether, given by the mouth, has long been familiarly employed in
the treatment of asthma. I have for many years been aware of the fact
that it is vastly more efficacious administered directly in vapour by
the breath. My plan of using it is extremely simple. I have had
recourse to no kind of apparatus for this purpose, but have been
content to pour two, three, or four drachms of the fluid upon a clean
handkerchief, and to direct this to be held closely to the mouth and
nostrils: a single short and difficult inspiration is hardly made before
the effect is experienced; and I have occasionally seen the paroxysm
ended in six or eight minutes, the respiration having in that brief
interval become almost natural.
“It is not otherwise with hooping-cough: the paroxysms of
coughing are positively cut short by having the ether and the
handkerchief in readiness, and using them when the fit is perceived
to be coming on.”
I have been informed of a case of tetanus which was treated
successfully by inhalation of ether more than twenty years before this
medicine was used to prevent the pain of operations, but I am not
able at present to give a reference to the case. Mr. C. A.
Hawkesworth, surgeon, of Burton-on-Trent, wrote me an account of
a case of tetanus, which had recovered under the inhalation of ether
in 1847. The patient was a healthy-looking butcher’s boy, about
twelve years old, who had received a slight scalp wound, which was
followed by general tetanus. Mr. Hawkesworth administered the
vapour of ether to him during the greater part of one day. The spasm
relaxed most completely whilst the influence of the ether continued,
but returned in great degree when the inhalation was intermitted. He
took no other medicine except calomel and jalap, with a view to
purgation; the calomel, however, acted on his mouth. He recovered
speedily and completely. Some other cases of recovery from tetanus
under the inhalation of ether have been recorded in the medical
journals.
In February, 1847, Dr. Sibson related several cases of facial
neuralgia that had been greatly benefited by the inhalation of ether;
[164]
and it has been used in many cases since.
The inhalation of ether causes an increased flow of saliva in many
cases; quite as frequently, in fact, as chloroform. Vomiting also
follows the use of ether quite as often as that of chloroform. The
insensibility from ether lasts longer than that from chloroform
without repeating the inhalation when the narcotism is carried to the
same degree. When the narcotism from ether is carried to the fourth
degree there is generally a complete absence of pain for three
minutes, and a state of unconsciousness for five minutes longer, a
period during which any pain there might be would not be
remembered afterwards. On account of this longer duration of the
effects of ether, it is better adapted than chloroform for certain
operations on the face, as removal of tumours of the jaws, the
operation for hare-lip, and making a new nose. The relaxation of the
muscular system from the effects of ether seems greater in general
than from chloroform, and ether therefore seems to be the better
agent to employ in the reduction of old dislocations, and
strangulated hernia.
Great safety of Ether. I believe that ether is altogether incapable of
causing the sudden death by paralysis of the heart, which has caused
the accidents which have happened during the administration of
chloroform. I have not been able to kill an animal in that manner
with ether, even when I have made it boil, and administered the
vapour almost pure. The heart has continued to beat after the natural
breathing has ceased, even when the vapour has been exhibited
without air; and in all cases in which animals have been made to
breathe air saturated with ether vapour, at the ordinary
temperatures of this country, they have always recovered if they were
withdrawn from the vapour before the breathing ceased. Even in
cases where the natural breathing had ceased, if the animal made a
gasping inspiration after its removal from the ether it recovered.
I hold it, therefore, to be almost impossible that a death from this
agent can occur in the hands of a medical man who is applying it
with ordinary intelligence and attention.
I am only aware of two deaths which have been recorded as
occurring during the administration of ether, and it is not probable
that the death in either case was due to the ether. The first of these
cases occurred in France, at the Hotel Dieu d’Auxerre, on July 10th,
1847.[165] The patient was a man fifty-five years of age, who had a
cancerous tumour of the left breast of seven months duration. He
was robust, and had no general lesion resulting from the cancerous
disease. The ether was exhibited with the apparatus of Charrière. The
patient had hardly inhaled two or three minutes when he became
strongly excited. The trunk and limbs were agitated with violent
starts and shocks. The breathing became frequent, and the face
injected. He endeavoured to push away the inhaler, and babbled as if
drunk. This state lasted for five minutes, and the prick of a pin
showed that sensibility still remained. The apparatus was still
applied, but in opening to the ether vapour an issue as large as the
instrument permitted; for the tap which gave passage to it had
hitherto been but half turned, and that progressively. At the end of
ten minutes from the beginning of inhalation, the relaxation and
immobility of the limbs was complete, the insensibility was not
doubtful, the respiration was deep, gentle, but free from râle. The
muscles of the face had ceased to be agitated, and it was of a violet
red colour, as was also the skin in front of the chest; the pupils were
turned upwards, dilated and immovable.
The apparatus was taken away, and the operation was
commenced; but the incision had only given issue to a small quantity
of black blood, when it was perceived that the features were altered
and become entirely violet, and that the respiration was extremely
feeble. The pulse, touched on this moment for the first time, was soft,
full, and very slow. All at once it ceased to beat.
Twenty-four hours after death, all parts of the body yielded a
strong odour of ether. The blood was deep black, fluid, and rather
viscous. The blood which gorged the back part of the lungs had a
consistence and colour somewhat like treacle. The mucous
membrane of the bronchi, trachea, and larynx was very much
congested. The spleen was so softened in its interior as to resemble
the lees of wine.
This patient appears to have died rather from the want of
admission of sufficient air to the lungs than from the effects of ether.
The apparatus was applied without intermission, long after the face
became injected, and was kept applied till it became of a violet
colour. The pulse was not felt till the patient was dying. Artificial
respiration was not attempted, although it would most likely have
restored the patient.
The other death which happened whilst the patient was under the
influence of ether took place at the Hotel Dieu de Lyons, on
September 11th, 1852.[166] The patient was a woman, aged fifty-five,
but looking much older. She was affected with a tumour of the
superior maxillary bone, and was weak and in a bad state of general
health. M. Barrier was reluctant to remove the tumour, but yielded to
the entreaties of the patient. The ether was administered from a
sponge placed in a bladder, and the patient was quickly put to sleep.
M. Barrier had made the incisions in the face, and had just divided
the ascending process of the jaw, when the breathing stopped. There
was no pulse at the wrist, and it was doubtful whether there was any
at the precordial region. The patient was placed horizontally, and
artificial respiration and other measures were applied, but without
success.
This patient evidently died of hæmorrhage; the mode of death
which M. Barrier must have been dreading, as we perceive from his
reluctance to perform the operation. According to the result of my
experiments on animals, ether is not capable of causing the kind of
death which this patient died.
There were three or four cases in which ether was blamed by the
operating surgeons for causing the death of patients, who recovered
from its effects, and, died some days, or at least hours, afterwards.
The nature and circumstances of the operation were sufficient to
account for the fatal result in each of these cases, whilst the extended
use of ether has confirmed the opinion that it cannot be the cause of
deaths which occur days, or even hours, after its use.
On Friday, the 12th of February, 1847, Mr. Roger Nunn performed
lithotomy, in the Colchester Hospital, on a man who, as it was found
after his death, had disease of the kidneys. The ether seemed to act
favourably. Mr. Nunn says: “There was neither difficulty nor loss of
time in cutting into the bladder; but having done so, some little delay
occurred in grasping the stone, which was small, very flat, and lying
in the posterior part of the bladder; the delay was also increased by
the extremely relaxed state of the bladder itself, which seemed to fall
in folds on the forceps, and to cover the stone.”[167] This delay in
grasping the stone is attributed by Mr. Nunn to a collapsed state of
the bladder caused by the ether, but it can only have arisen from the
fact of the urine having escaped from the bladder, before the stone
was seized. The small vessels divided in making the first incision
showed much inclination to bleed, and Mr. Nunn secured them
immediately after the patient was put to bed.
Speaking of his patient and the ether, Mr. Nunn says: “He
recovered from its effects after a short time, and continued in a quiet
passive state, but without decided reaction for twenty-four hours. At
this period he had a chill, which lasted for nearly twenty minutes.”
Stimulants were given, but without much effect. The patient seemed
incoherent from eight o’clock P.M. of Saturday till nine A.M. of the
following day. From this time he gradually sank, and died at five
o’clock P.M. of that day, Sunday, being sensible to the last.
On March 9th, 1847, Mr. Wm. Robbs, of Grantham, removed an
osteo-sarcomatous tumour from the back part of the left thigh of Ann
Parkinson, a married woman, aged twenty-one, the mother of one
child.[168] Mr. Robbs tried to make his patient insensible with ether,
but did not succeed. He says, indeed, that in about ten minutes its
usual effects were produced; but these could not have been its full
and proper effects; for he says, “she appeared quite sensible to the
pain during the whole of the operation.” It is reported that she
appeared to feel the first cut. Mr. Robbs says that during the early
part of the operation, the patient “cried out much, complained, and
writhed in great agony of pain.” The operation was begun by an
incision commencing midway between the tuberosity of the ischium
and the trochanter major, and extending about six inches down the
thigh. The fascia was next divided, and the muscles were next
separated with the handle of the scalpel, so as to expose the upper
surface of the tumour. After this had been done, the inhaler was
replaced to the mouth of the patient whilst the operation proceeded,
but the ether appeared to take no effect. The tumour was “very
adherent to the long head of the biceps flexor cruris, which nearly
covered it anteriorly, while posteriorly it rested on the sheath of the
great sciatic nerve. It took its origin from the common tendon of the
flexor muscles, close to the tuber ischii, and was inserted into the
short head of the same muscle just below its origin.” Mr. Robbs says:
“The dissection was protracted longer than I expected, from the
violent contractions of the muscles, and the struggles of the patient.”
He estimated the time occupied in the operation at twenty-five or
thirty minutes; and the sister-in-law of the patient, who gave her
evidence at the inquest, expressed her opinion that the operation
lasted an hour all but five minutes. At the end of the operation, the
patient appeared very faint, and the pulse was very rapid and feeble.
The patient remained much depressed, with a pulse of 140 in the
minute, small, and without much power, having her intellect perfect;
she died forty hours after the operation.
A coroner’s inquest was held, but neither the coroner nor any of
the jury appeared to have any knowledge or suspicion that a surgical
operation on the thigh could possibly be the cause of death. A
surgeon who gave evidence stated, that “the shock from the
operation was not simply the cause of death, as the seat of the
disease was not essential to life.” The verdict was, that the death of
deceased was caused by the inhalation of ether; and that no blame
was attached to the surgeon, as ether had been used and
recommended by eminent medical men.
I cannot tell whether Mr. Robbs would have undertaken the
operation if ether had not been about to be used, but if he had
undertaken it without ether, one may presume that he would have
done what every surgeon does who undertakes a great operation,
that he would have informed the patient and her friends that it would
be attended with some amount of danger. In his communication to
the Medical Gazette, Mr. Robbs complains of the friends of his
patient having thought it necessary to obtain a coroner’s inquest; but
he has himself to blame for that. After he had attributed the death
entirely to a new agent, which had been given with a view to prevent
the pain, and had entirely failed even in that, it was very natural that
they should seek for a legal investigation of the affair.
Mr. Robbs makes no admission that the pain his patient suffered
could be due to any defect in the administration of the ether. He
states, that he “was quite unprepared for that perfect state of
prostration of the brain and nervous system which it appears in this
case to have induced”. The fact of the patient crying much, and
complaining, and writhing in great agony of pain, and the
contraction of the muscles, and the struggles which protracted the
operation, do not look like a prostration of the brain and nervous
system. At the end of the operation she was, to be sure, prostrated by
its long duration, and the great loss of blood which must have
occurred; but her brain and nervous system were not so much
affected as the vascular and muscular system. She spoke of the
operation as having been very severe, and she retained her mental
faculties perfectly to her death. Ever since 1818 many of the students
at lectures on chemistry had inhaled the vapour of ether to quite as
great an extent as Mr. Robbs’ patient.
As a proof how far the feelings will suspend both reason and
common sense, it may be mentioned that some of the medical men,
who were strongly opposing the use of ether in 1847, did not hesitate
to allude to the inquest in this case, as showing that ether had caused
the death of a patient.
Mr. Eastment, of Wincanton, Somersetshire, related a case[169] in
which he attributed the death of the patient to ether. It was
apparently the first time he had seen ether employed on the human
subject; and with a larger experience of its effects, he would no doubt
alter his opinion respecting the cause of death in the case he related.
A boy, aged eleven years, became entangled in the machinery of a
mill, about eight A.M., on February 23rd, 1847, in consequence of
which he sustained a very severe compound fracture of the left thigh,
with great laceration of the soft parts, and a simple fracture of the
right thigh. The surgeons in attendance waited till four P.M. for the
boy to recover from the shock of the injury, and then performed
amputation of the left thigh. Ether was given, but so badly, that the
patient’s sufferings were so severe on the circular incision being
made, that it appeared to be a complete failure. The inhalation was
repeated, however, and the pain of the latter part of the operation
was prevented. The patient died three hours after the operation,
being in a state of great exhaustion, with occasional mental
excitement, during the three hours.
This patient’s chance of life would probably have been improved if
the ether had been more effectually given, so as to prevent all the
pain of the operation; but I believe that his chance of recovery would
have been most improved by administering the ether soon after the
accident in the morning, which would most likely have removed the
collapse, and enabled the surgeon to perform amputation at once,
and thus have prevented the eight hours suffering and depressing
effects of the great laceration of the thigh.
M. Bouisson[170] has mentioned a case in which death was
attributed to ether by a surgeon named Roël, of Madrid. Dolorès
Lopes, aged fifty, of very feeble constitution, and addicted to
drunkenness, had long suffered from a cancerous tumour of the
breast. It was removed after the patient had inhaled ether for half an
hour, and it weighed three pounds and a quarter. The patient died
seven hours after the operation. But the operation itself was
sufficient to account for the death of such a patient; and she could
not die from ether at the end of seven hours after inhaling it.
On account of its great safety, ether is extremely well adapted for
medical cases, in which it is necessary that a narcotic vapour should
be administered by the patient’s nurse.
The Combination of Chloroform and Ether. Some practitioners
have recommended the inhalation of the vapour from a mixture of
chloroform and ether; but the result is a combination of the
undesirable qualities of both agents, without any compensating
advantage. Ether is about six times as volatile as chloroform—that is
to say, if equal measures of each be placed in two evaporating dishes
kept side by side, at the same temperature, the ether evaporates in
about one-sixth the time of the chloroform; and when the two liquids
are mixed, although they then evaporate together, the ether is
converted into vapour much more rapidly; and, in whatever
proportions they are combined, before the whole is evaporated the
last portion of the liquid is nearly all chloroform: the consequence is
that at the commencement of the inhalation the vapour inspired is
chiefly ether, and towards the end nearly all chloroform: the patient
experiencing the stronger pungency of ether when it is most
objectionable, and inhaling the more powerful vapour at the
conclusion, when there is the most need to proceed cautiously.
A death which occurred during a surgical operation in America,
has been attributed to the mixture of chloroform and ether which
was employed;[171] but there is no doubt that the patient died of
hæmorrhage. Dr. R Crockett, of Wytheville, Virginia, removed a fatty
tumour from the back of a boy, aged five years. Four parts of washed
ether by measure were mixed with one part by measure of
chloroform, and a drachm of this mixture was poured on a funnel-
shaped sponge which was applied near the mouth and nostrils. The
tumour was very large, and required two incisions of nine inches in
length for its removal. Six arteries required to be tied; and just as the
last one was secured, the child began to vomit. He was found to be
pulseless, and he died three or four minutes from the
commencement of vomiting. Dr. Kincannon, who was present, and
watching the patient, said that up to the time he began to vomit,
there was nothing in the circulation or respiration to produce the
least apprehension.
The operator said that the patient probably lost four ounces of
blood, certainly not six. It must be observed that as the blood during
an operation is carried away by the sponges, it is impossible to
estimate the amount. It could be ascertained only by an analysis of
the water in which the sponges are washed. But even admitting that
in the present case the loss of blood did not exceed six ounces, it is
probable that this amount, flowing suddenly from a child of five
years of age, might cause death. Vomiting does not take place when a
patient is deeply under the influence of ether or chloroform, and the
fact of no signs of over narcotism having appeared, confirms the view
that death was occasioned by the loss of blood.
AMYLENE.
This substance was discovered and described in 1844 by M.

Balard, Professor of Chemistry to the Faculty of Sciences of Paris.[172]
M. Auguste Cahours had given this name five years previously to a
product which is isomeric with amylene, and is produced at the same
time, but is now termed paramylene.
Amylene is made by distilling amylic alcohol with chloride of zinc.
The amylic alcohol is obtained from crude fusel oil, otherwise called
oil of grain, or oil of potatoe spirit. The fusel oil must be submitted to
a careful distillation, with a thermometer in the retort. It begins to
boil at a comparatively low temperature, but that portion only is to
be retained which comes over from 266° to 284° Fah. Caustic potash
is added, to decompose the œnanthic ether which the distilled liquid
contains, and it is then redistilled, and that portion which boils
steadily at 270° Fah. is collected as pure amylic alcohol. Amylene can
be obtained from amylic alcohol in the same manner that olefiant
gas, or ethylene, can be made from common alcohol, namely, by
heating it with dishydrating agents, as sulphuric, phosphoric,
fluoboric and fluosilic acids, and chloride of zinc; but most
conveniently with the last substance, which is the one that M. Balard
employed. The product which is obtained when amylic alcohol and
chloride of zinc are distilled together, contains at least three distinct
hydrocarbons, amylene, paramylene, and metamylene; and the
amylene which is the most volatile is separated from the others by
successive distillations.
Amylene is a colourless and very mobile liquid, of extremely low
specific gravity; being one of the lightest liquids known. The amylene
made for me by Mr. Bullock[173] had a specific gravity of 0·659 at 56°.
It is very volatile, boiling at 102° Fah. according to M. Balard, and at
95° according to Frankland, and the specific gravity of its vapour is
2·45. It is composed of ten atoms carbon and ten atoms hydrogen,
and bears the same relation to amylic alcohol that olefiant gas, or
ethylene, bears to common alcohol.
It is inflammable, burning with a brilliant white flame; and in
pouring it out by candle light, the same care is required as in dealing
with sulphuric ether. A slight explosion may be obtained by applying
a light to a mixture of a small amount of its vapour with a large
quantity of air.
It is soluble in alcohol and ether in all proportions, but is very
sparingly soluble in water, being in fact a hundred times less soluble
than many substances which are ordinarily spoken of as insoluble.
From a number of careful experiments which I made, I found that
water dissolves 2·35 per cent. of its volume of the vapour of amylene.
It follows therefore, from the specific gravity of amylene and of its
vapour stated above, that amylene requires 9319 parts of water for its
solution. The water which has dissolved this small quantity of
amylene tastes as distinctly of it as amylene itself.
Amylene has more odour than chloroform, but much less than
sulphuric ether, and the odour does not remain long in the patient’s
breath. The smell of amylene somewhat resembles that of wood
spirit. The first specimens which Mr. Bullock made were slightly
offensive, but the odour improved and diminished in strength, as he
obtained the substance in a state more nearly approaching to purity.
Many persons, who thought the odour disagreeable at first, began to
like it after they had been exposed to it three or four times. It is
almost without taste, and it produces no irritation, or effect of any
kind on the sound skin, even when confined, and prevented from
evaporating. The vapour is almost entirely without pungency,
furnishing in this respect a remarkable contrast to both ether and
chloroform. Its presence can be perceived on first beginning to
inhale it, but after two or three inspirations, one cannot tell whether
the air one is breathing contains any of the vapour or not. It does not
cause any cough unless there is great irritability of the air-passages,
or the vapour is breathed of great strength in the very first
inspirations.
Amylene produces about as much cold during its evaporation as
sulphuric ether does. If a sponge or piece of blotting paper wetted
with amylene is exposed to the air, a portion of the moisture of the

Big Java Early Objects 5th Edition Horstmann Test Bank instant download all chapter

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Big Java Early Objects 5th Edition Horstmann Test Bank instant download all chapter

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Big Java Early Objects 5th Edition

Horstmann Test Bank

Big Java Early Objects 5th Edition Horstmann Solutions

Big Java Late Objects 1st Edition Horstmann Solutions

Java How to Program Early Objects 11th Edition Deitel

Starting Out with Java Early Objects 6th Edition Gaddis

Starting Out with Java Early Objects 6th Edition Gaddis

Java How to Program Early Objects 11th Edition Deitel

Java How to Program Early Objects 10th Edition Deitel

Starting Out with Java From Control Structures through

1. Which of the following statements about a Java interface is NOT true?

Section Reference: 10.1 Using Interfaces for Algorithm Reuse

2. A method that has no implementation is called a/an ____ method.

Section Reference: 10.1 Using Interfaces for Algorithm Reuse

3. Which statement about methods in an interface is true?

Section Reference: 10.1 Using Interfaces for Algorithm Reuse

Section Reference: 10.1 Using Interfaces for Algorithm Reuse

5. Which of the following statements about an interface is true?

Section Reference: 10.1 Using Interfaces for Algorithm Reuse

6. Which of the following statements about interfaces is NOT true?

Section Reference: 10.1 Using Interfaces for Algorithm Reuse

7. To use an interface, a class header should include which of the following?

Section Reference: 10.1 Using Interfaces for Algorithm Reuse

8. ____ can reduce the coupling between classes.

Section Reference: 10.1 Using Interfaces for Algorithm Reuse

9. Consider the following code snippet:

Why is it necessary to declare getMeasure as public ?

Section Reference: Common Error 9.1

Section Reference: 10.1 Using Interfaces for Algorithm Reuse

11. ____ methods must be implemented when using an interface.

Section Reference: 10.1 Using Interfaces for Algorithm Reuse

public interface Resizable

a) private void resize();

Title: Identify correct method declaration in interface

public interface Encryptable

public class SecretText implements Encryptable

a) public void encrypt()

Title: Identify correct method header to use when implementing interface

14. Consider the following code snippet:

What is wrong with this code?

Section Reference: Common Error 10.1

15. Consider the following code snippet:

Which of the following statements is true?

Section Reference: Special Topic 10.1

16. Consider the following code snippet:

Section Reference: Common Error 10.1

Section Reference: 10.2 Working with Interface Variables

18. Consider the following code snippet.

public class Coin implements Measurable

public class DataSet

public class BankAccount

Which of the following statements is correct?

Section Reference: 10.2 Working with Interface Variables

Section Reference: 10.2 Working with Interface Variables

20. Which of the following statements about interfaces is true?

Section Reference: Common Error 10.2

a) The object to which motorTemperature refers has type Measurable.

Section Reference: 10.2 Working with Interface Variables

Section Reference: 10.2 Working with Interface Variables

23. Consider the following code snippet:

for (int i = 0; i < p.length; i++)

This code is an example of ____.

Section Reference: 10.2 Working with Interface Variables

Section Reference: 10.2 Working with Interface Variables