BINOMIAL THEOREM AND ITS SIMPLE

APPLICATIONS

Single Type
3n
 1
1.  n  1 term from the end of the expansion of is
th
 2x  
 x
3n n  n
(A) 2 x (B) 3n
C2n 2n
2n n
3n n 2n
(C) 3n
C n 2 n.x n (D) 2 .x
n

n
 1 
2. In the binomial expansion of  x 4  , n N the
 2 x

coefficients of first, second and third terms form an A.P.

The number of rational terms in the expansion is (Assume
that x is a rational number and x , x are irrational)
4

(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 3 (D) 4

3. Coefficient of x2009 in (1 + x + x2 + x3 + x4)1001 (1 - x)1002 is

(A) 0 (B) 4. 1001C501
(C) -2009 (D) none of these

1
 10
 3x 
4. If the 4th term in the expansion of 2  has the maximum
 8 

numerical value, then ‘x’ lies in the interval

 64   64   60   64 
(A)  ,  2    2,  (B)  ,  2    2, 
 21   4   23   23 
 64   64 
(C)  ,2 (D)  2, 
 21   21 

n
 1 
5. When the terms in the binomial expansion of  x 4  are
 2 x

arranged in decreasing powers of x, the coefficients of the

first three terms are in A.P. The number of terms in the
expansion with integer powers of x is
(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 3 (C) 4

n
Sn    1 .3n Ck ,
K
6. The sum where n  1,2,.......... is
k 0

(A)  1 .
n 3n1
Cn1 (B)  1 . C n 3n1
n

(C)  1 .
n 3n1
Cn1 (D) None of these

The sum of the series   r  1  r !

n
7. 2
is
r 0

(A) (n+1)! (B) (n+2)! - 1

(C) n (n+1)! (D) 0

2
8. Let n is of the form of 3P where P is an odd integer then,
n
c  c  c  c  .....  c equals
0
n
3
n
6
n
9
n
n

(A) 1 n
3

2 2  (B) 2 n
3

2 2 
(C) 1 n1
3

2 2  (D) 2 n
3
(2  2)

2
15
 15 
9. The Value of  15
Cr  r   is
r 0  2

(A) 2 .15 10
(B) 2 .15
12

(C) 2 .15 13
(D) 2 .15
15

n n
Cr
10. Let 1  x    C x and
n r
un    1
r
at x  2 . Then the sum to
xr
r
r 0 r 0

infinity of u1  u2  u3  ....... is

(A) 0 (B) 1
1
(C) (D) 2
2

11. The number of different terms in the expansion of

1  x   1  x   1  x  is 2 2008 3 2007
2009

(A) 3683 (B) 4017

(C) 4018 (D) 4352

12. The coefficient of the term independent of x in the

10
 x 3 
expansion of    is
 3 2x 2 
 

(A) 5/4 (B) 7/4

3
 (C) 9/4 (D) none of these

13. The coefficient of the term independent of x in the

9
3 2 1 
expansion of (1 + x + 2x3)  x   is
2 3x 

(A) 1/3 (B) 19/54

(C) 17/54 (D) 1/4

14. The sum to (n + 1) terms of the series C 0 C1 C 2 C 3

2

3

4

5
+ … is
1 1
(A) n 1
(B) n2
1
(C) n n  1
(D) none of these

15. If a and d are two complex numbers, then the sum to (n + 1)

terms of the series aC0  (a + d) C1 + (a + 2d)C2  (a + 3d)C3
+ … is
(A) a/2n (B) na
(C) 0 (D) none of these

 30   30   30  30   30  30   30  30 
16. The value of             + ……+   
 0   10   1  11   2  12   20  30 
(A) 60
C 20 (B) 30
C10

(C) 60
C 30 (D) 40
C 30

4
 11
 2  1 
17. If the coefficient of x7 in ax   bx   equals the coefficient of
  
11
–7   1 
x in ax   bx 2  , then a and b satisfy the relation
  

(A) a + b = 1 (B) a – b = 1
a
(C) ab = 1 (D) 1
b

6
18. The value of 50
C 4   56 r C 3 is
r 1

(A) 55C3 (B) 55

C4
(C) 56C4 (D) 56
C3

19. If x is so small that x3 and higher powers of x may be

3

1  x   1  1 x 
3/ 2

neglected, then  2  may be approximated as

1  x 1 / 2
3 3
(A) 3x  x 2 (B) 1 x2
8 8
x 3 2 3 2
(C)  x (D)  x
2 8 8

20. The coefficient of x5 in the expansion of (1 +

x)21+(1+x)22+…..+(1 + x)30 is
(A) 51C5 (B) 9C5
(C) 31C6 -21C6 (D) 30C5 + 20C5

5
 1 2 n
21. If f(x) = xn, then the value of f(1) + f 1(1)  f 2(1)
!
 ...... 
f (1)
n!
, where
f(x) denotes the rth order derivative of f(x) with respect to
x, is
(A) n (B) 2n
(C) 2n –1 (D) none of these

22. If the sum of the coefficients in the expansion of (1 +2x)n is

6561, the greatest term in the expansion for x = 12 is
(A) 4th (B) 5th
(C) 6th (D) none of these

Integer Type
23. If x = (7 + 43)2n = [x] + f, then x(1  f) is equal to _____.

24. The coefficient of a10b7c3 in the expansion of (bc + ca + ab)10

is _____.

25. If the seventh term from the beginning is equal to the seventh
n
 1/3 1 
term from the end in the expansion of 2  31/3  , then n =
 

________.

32 
26. When 32 32 is divided by 7, the remainder is ______ .

6
27. The value of 9950  99. 9850 + 99  98
12
(97)50  ………. + 99 is

28. The digits at unit’s place in the number 17 1995

 111995  71995 is

5 5
 1   1 
29. Find the degree of the expression


x  x3  1  2    x  ( x 3  1) 2  .
  

30. Find the number of terms and coefficient of x5 in ( 1+x+x2)7.

7
 SOLUTIONS
Single Type
1. (A)
 n  1 term from end
th

  3n  (n  1)  2  termfrombegining
th

= 3n  n  1  2

 (2n  1)th term

2n
 1
T2n +1  3n C 2n (2x)(3n  2 n )   
 x
1
 3n C 2n 2n. x n .
x 2n

2. (C)
1 2 n43r
n r
 1 
 x  1 
n nr n



x  
2 x
4
 
r 0
n
Cr .  4    Cr . r x
 2 x  r 0
n

2
n(n  1)
1, n , are in A.P.  n 8
2 8

3. (A)
(1 + x + x2 + x3 + x4)1001 (1 - x)1002
= (1 - x) (1 - x5)1001, so all the powers of x will be of the 5m
or 5m + 1 (mI)
So coff. of x2009 will be 0

4. (A)
t3 t 2 21
 1 and 5  1 i.e.,  1; x 1
t4 t4 x 64

8
  64   64 
 x  , 2    2, 
 21   21 

5. (C)
nC 2  nC 
1  2 1  gives n = 8
4  2 
r

Tr 1  8Cr  1  x163r /4  4 /16  3r for r = 0, 4 and 8 only

2

6. (B)
Sn 3n C0 3n C1 3n C2  ........   1 .3n Cn
n

But 3n
C0 3n1 C0

3n C1  3n1C0 3n1 C1

3n
C2 3n1 C1  3n1 C2

3n C3  3n1C2 3n1 C3

................................................
 1 . Cn   1 .3n1Cn1   1 .3n1Cn
n 3n n n

On adding we get Sn   1 .3n1Cn

n

7. (C)
n
Required sum    r  2  r  1   r  1  2  r  1  1r !
r 1

  n  2 ! 2! 2  n  1! 1  n  n  1!

8. (B)
1 x 
n
 c 0  c1x  c 2x 2  .....  cnxn

1 
n
 c0  c1  c 22  .....  cnn

9
 1  
n
2
 c 0  c12  c 24  .....  c n2n

2n  c0  c1  c 2  .....  cn

_____________________________________
 
n
2n  ( )n  2  3c 0  3c 3  .....  3 nc n
1 n
c 0  c 3  c 6  .....  c n  2  ( 1)n n  ( 1)n 2n 
3
1 n 1 1
 2  ( 1)3P 3P  ( 1)3P 6P   2n  1  1  2n  2
3 3 3

9. (C)
15 15
225 15

r 0
15
Cr .r 2  15 r.15 Cr 
r 0 4
2

15 15

r . Cr 15  r  1  1 14 Cr 1  15.214  15.14.213  215.60

2 15

r 0 r 1

225 15 15
 Required Sum   2  2 .60  225.214
4

10. (C)
It is known that
c0 c c c n cn n!
 1  2  3  .......   1 
x x 1 x  2 x  3 x  n x  x  1 x  2  .....  x  n 
c0 c1 c2 c3 1 1 1
 un      .......   
2 3 4 5  n  1 n  2  n  1 n  2
1 1 
 At x  2, sn  u1  u2  u3  ......  un   
 2 n  2 
1
 s 
2

10
11. (B)
has 2010 terms in total. 1  x  has a constant, even
1  x 
2009 2 2008

power of x starting from 2 to 4016 but already even powers

of x from 2 to 2008 were enumerated in 1  x  . The 2009

remaining terms containing even powers of x are from

2010 to 4016. They are 1004 in number. In 1  x  has a 3 2007

constant, multiples of 3 as powers of x. Even multiples of

3 from 6 to 4014 were already enumerated in above
expansions. The remaining even multiples of 3 from 4020
to 6018 which are 334 in number. Odd multiples of 3 as
powers of x from 3 to 2007 were enumerated in above
expansions and the remaining from 2013 to 6021 are to be
enumerated. They are 669 in number.
 The number of terms in the expansion = 2010 + 1004 +
669 + 334 = 4017.

12. (A)
 x 3 
10
The (r + 1)th term in the expansion of  +  is given by
 3 2x 2 

10  r
 x x 5r / 2 
r
10  3  3r
Tr + 1 = C r  
  2 = 10Cr .
 3  2x  3 5r / 2  2 r x 2 r

33r / 2 5
= 10Cr x5 - (5r/2)
2r

For Tr +1 to be independent of x, we must have 5  (5r/2) = 0

or r = 2. Thus, the 3rd term is independent of x and its
coefficient is given by

11
 3 3 5 3 2
10
C2 = 10  9
 = 54 .
22 2 4

13. (C)
The (r + 1)th term in the expansion of [(3/2)x2  (1/3x)]9 is
given by
9 r
39  2 r
r
Tr + 1 = C 9 3 2
r  x 
 1 
  = 9Cr(1)r x18  3r (1)
2   3x  2 9 r

Since we are looking for the coefficient of the term

independent of x in the expansion of
9
3 3 2 1 
(1 + x + 2x )  x   (2)
2 3x 

we must get the coefficient of x0, x1 and x3 in the expansion
of
[(3/2)x2  (1/3x)]9. For x0, r must be 6 in (1); for x-1, there is
no value of r ; and for x-3, r must be 7 in (1). Therefore, the
coefficient of the term independent of x in (2) is
9 12 9 14
1.9C6(1)6. 3 + 2.9C7(1)7. 3
2 96 2 97
9.8.7 3 3 5
= .
1 .2 . 3 2 3
+ 2. 19..28 (1). 3 = 2
7
18
 2
27
= 17
54
2

14. (D)
We have
(1  x)n = C0  C1x + C2x2  C3x3 + …
x(1  x)n = C0x  C1x2 + C2x3  C3x4 + …
1 1 0

 x1  x  dx
n
=  x1  x  dx =  1  t t  1dt
n n
[Put 1  x = t]
0 0 1

12
 1

=  t dt = t n 1 t n  2
1
n 1
n
t 
0
n 1 n  2 0

1 1 1
=  
n  1 n  2 n  1n  2
1
 C 0 x 2 C1 x 3 C 2 x 4 
Integrating R.H.S of (1) we get     ...
 2 3 4 
 0

= C 0 C1 C 2
2

3

4
…
Thus, C 0 C1 C 2
2

3

4
…= 1
n  1n  2 

15. (C)
We have
aC0  (a + d)C1 + (a + 2d)C2  (a + 3d)C3 + … up to (n + 1)
terms
= a(C0  C1 + C2  C3 + … + (1)n.Cn) + d(C1 + 2C2  3C3
+ … + (1)nnCn)
We know that
(1  x)n = C0  C1x + C2x2  … +(1)n.Cnxn
(1)
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
n(1  x)n  1 = C1 + 2C2x  … + (1)n.Cnnxn  1
(2)
Putting x = 1 in (1) and (2), we get
C0 C1 + C2  … + (1)n Cn = 0
and C1 + 2C2  … + (1)nnCn = 0
Thus

13
 aC0  (a + d)C1 + (a + 2d)C2  … up to (n + 1) terms = a.0
+ d.0 = 0

16. (B)
1  x 30  30 C0 x 0  30C1 x1  30C2 x 2  ......   130
(1) 30
C30 x 30

x  1  C x  C x  C x  ....  C x  .....  C x
30 30
0
30
(2)
30
1
29 30
2
28 30
10
20 30
30
0

Multiplying (1) and (2) and equating the coefficient of x20 on

both sides,
we get
Required sum = coefficient of x20 in (1 – x2)30 = 30C10

17. (C)
11
7  2  1  a6
Coefficient of x in ax   bx   C 5 b 5
11

  
11
–7   1  a5
Coefficient of x in ax   bx 2   11
C 6
   b6

 ab = 1.

18. (C)
50
C4   50
C3  51 C3  52 C3  .....  55 C3 
Taking first two terms together and adding them and
following the same pattern, we get 56C4.
n 1
[As C  C  C ]
n
r
n
r 1 r

14
19. (D)
3 1
.
3
 3x 3.2 x 2 
1  x 3 / 2  1  1 x 
3
1  x  2 2 x 2  1   
 2  2 2  2 2 4 
=
1  x 1 / 2 1  x 1 / 2
3 2
 x
3  x 
 x 2 1  x 
8 3 1 / 2 3 2
= = =  x 2 1   ....  =  x
1  x 1 / 2 8 8  2  8

20. (C)
(1 + x)21 +(1 + x)22 + …..+(1 + x)30
 1  x 10  1 1
= 1  x  21
   1  x 31  1  x 21 
 1  x   1  x  
 

 coefficient of x5 in the given expression

= coefficient of x5 in  1x 1  x   1  x   31 21

= coefficient of x6 in 1  x  31
 1  x 
21
 31
C6 21 C6

Hence, (C) is the correct answer.

21. (B)
We have f (x) = xn. So,
n! n!
f r (x)  xn r  f r (1) 
(n  r)! (n  r)!

f 1(1) f 2 (1) f 3 (1) f n (1)

Now, f 1     ...... 
1 2! 3! n!
n n n
f r (1)
  
n!
  n
Cr  2n
r 0
r! r 0 n  r  !r ! r 0

Hence (B) is the correct answer.

15
22. (B)
sum of the coefficient in the expansion of (1 +2x)n = 6561
 (1 +2x)n = 6561, when x = 1
 3n = 6561  3n = 38  n = 8
Cr  2x 
8 r
Tr 1 9r
Now,  r 1
  2x
Tr 8
Cr 1  2x  r

 Tr 1
Tr

9r
r
[ x = ½]
 Tr 1
Tr
 1
9r
r
 1  9  r  r  2r  9  r  4
1
2

Hence, 5th term is the greatest term.

Hence (B) is the correct answer.

Integer Type
23. (1)
We have 7  43 = 1
74 3

0 < 7  43 < 1  0 < (7  43)2n < 1

Let F = (7  43)2n. Then
x + F = (7 + 43)2n + (7  43)2n
= 2[2nC072n + 2nC272n  2 (43)2 + 2nC472n  4 (43)4 + … + 2nC2n
(43)2n]
= 2m, where m is some positive integer.
[x] + f + F = 2m
 f + F = 2m  [x]

16
 Since 0  f < 1 and 0 < F < 1, we get 0 < f + F < 2. Also,
since f + F is an integer, we must have f + F = 1. Thus, x(1 
f) = xF = (7 + 43)2n (7  43)2n = (49  48)2n = 12n = 1.

24. (120)
The general term in the expansion of (bc + ca + ab)10 is
10 ! 10 !
(bc)r(ca)s(ab)t = a
r ! s !t !
t+s r+t r+s
b c
r ! s !t !

where r + s + t = 10
For coefficient of a10b7c3 we set t + s = 10, r + t = 7, r + s =
3.
Since r + s + t = 10, we get r = 0, s = 3, t = 7.
Thus, the coefficient of a10b7c3 in the expansion of (bc + ca
10  9  8
+ ab)10 is 010 !
!3!7 !
= 3 2
= 120.

25. (12)
7th term from the end in the expansion of (21/3 + 31/3)n is
(n + 1 6)th = (n  5)th term. We have
T7 = T6 + 1 = nC6(21/3)6 (31/3)n  6 = nC6 22 . 32  (n/3)
and Tn  5 = T(n  6) + 1 = nCn  6 (21/3)n  6 (31/3)6 = nC62(n/3)  2 32
Since T7 = Tn  5, we get
n
C6223(n/3) + 2 = nC62(n/3)  232
223(n/3) + 2 = 2(n/3)  2 32  2(n/3) - 4 3(n/3)  4 = 1  6 (n/3)  4 =
1
But this is possible only when (n/3)  4 = 0 or n = 12.

17
26. (4)
We have 3232 = (25)32 = 2160
= (3  1)160 = 160C03160  160C13159 + …  160C159.3 + 1
= 3m + 1, where m is some positive integer.
Now, 3232  = (25)3m + 1 = (23)5m + 1.22 = (7 + 1)5m + 1.4
32

But (7 + 1)5m + 1 = 7n + 1 for some positive integer n.

Thus, N = 3232  = 28n + 4.32

Thus, shows that when N is divided by 7, the remainder is

4.

27. (0)
9950  99. 9850 + 99  98
1 2
(97)50  ………. + 99
= 9950  99C1 (98)50 + 99C2 (97)50  ……… + 99C98. 1
=99C0 9950  99C1(99  1)50+99C2(99 2)50 ……+99C98 (99 
98)5099C99(99  99)50
= 9950 [99C099C1+99C2 ……+99C98  99C99]+50C1 9949[99C1
2.99C2+3.99C3…]+..…
= 0 + 0 +……… = 0.

28. (1)
We have
171995  111995  71995 =  7  10 1995  1  10 1995  71995
 71995 1995 C1 71994.101 1995 C2 .71993 .102  ... 1995 C1995 .101995 

  1995 C0 1995 C1101 1995 C2 102  ..... 1995 C1995 101995   71995
 

  1995 C1 71994.101  .....  101995    1995 C1101  ....... 1995 C1995 101995   1

18
 = a multiple of 10 + 1
Thus, the unit’s place digits is 1.

29. (7)
5 5
 1  1
Since  x  (x3  1) 2    x  (x 3  1) 2 
   

  1
2
 1
4
 3   3 
= 2  x5  10x3 (x  1) 2   5x(  x  1) 2 

 
 
 
 
 
 

= 2  x 5
 10x3 (x 3  1)  5x(x 3  1)2 

 Degree equal to 7.

30. (266)
Here the variables 1, x, x2 are not independent so the
general formula is not applicable but as power of x varies
from 0 to 14, therefore total number of terms = 15.
Now x5 can be formed in three ways: 12 x5(x2)0, 13 x3( x2 )1
or
10 x1 (x2)2 , so total arrangement of coefficient =
7! 7! 7!
 
2! 5! 3! 3! 4! 2!
=266

19