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Mini Project on Agriculture Technology T
Mini Project on Agriculture Technology T
Mini Project on Agriculture Technology T
Agriculture technology
Submitted in the Partial fulfilment of the requirement for the Two-Year Full-Time
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the project report entitled “Agriculture Technolgy” Is a Bonafide work
done by Tanu, ID NO: of 1st year submitted in partial fulfillment of requirement for the
award of degree of Master of Business Administration of Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam Technical
University, Lucknow during the session 2021-23.
INTERNAL EXAMINER
Asst.Prof.Mr.Prakhar
Faculty Guide
HOD :Mr.Ajay
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Tanu
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Throughout the ages, technological change – in agrifood systems and elsewhere – has brought gains
in productivity, incomes and human well-being. Today, technological solutions are indispensable to
feed a continuously growing population in the face of limited agricultural land, unsustainable natural
resource use, and increasing shocks and stresses, including climate change. These solutions are
needed to make agriculture more productive and sustainable across all its sectors – crop and livestock
production, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry – and boost productivity levels within agrifood
systems.
Technological change has reduced the need for manual labour in agriculture. This process of
increased agricultural productivity and reallocation of labour away from farming is often referred to
as agricultural transformation. It is accompanied by investments in agrifood systems and other
physical and market infrastructures. Agricultural automation can be a driver of transformation and
create new opportunities. In this respect, motorized mechanization has allowed to automate the
performing of agricultural operations, while more recently, digital technologies have been creating
new opportunities to automate decisions that precede the performing of physical operations.
Common fears that automation leads to growing unemployment, although understandable, are
questionable and generally not supported by historical realities. Overall, automation alleviates labour
shortages and can make agricultural production more resilient and productive, improve product
quality, increase resource-use efficiency, promote decent employment, and enhance environmental
sustainability. Negative socioeconomic impacts of agricultural automation – such as increased
unemployment – usually occur when automation is not suited to specific local needs. Risks of
negative impacts can be countered by facilitating the transition of farm labourers to other job
opportunities, by addressing the barriers that prevent poor, small-scale producers from participating in
the benefits, and avoiding policies that subsidize automation in contexts of labour abundance and low
rural wages
.
Tanu
Table of contents
Data Analytics:
Integration of Internet of Things (IoT) devices for real-time data collection. Data
analytics to make informed decisions for crop management.
Autonomous Machinery:
Development of self-driving tractors and harvesters. Improved efficiency and reduced
labor requirements.
Drones in Agriculture:
Utilization of drones for crop monitoring and analysis. Detection of pests, diseases,
and nutrient deficiencies.
Vertical Farming
Indoor cultivation in stacked layers, often in urban environments.Efficient use of
space, reduced water usage, and year-round production
.
Biotechnology in Agriculture
Genetic engineering for improved crop traits.Development of genetically modified
organisms (GMOs) for pest resistance and increased yields.
:Automated irrigation based on soil moisture levels.Water conservation and optimized
resource use.Blockchain in Supply Chain:Utilization of blockchain for transparent and
traceable supply chains.Enhanced food safety and quality control.Robotics in
Agriculture:Robotic applications for tasks like weeding and harvesting.Increased efficiency
and reduced reliance on manual labor.Climate-Smart Agriculture:Adoption of practices
resilient to climate change.Development of drought-resistant crops and climate prediction
Crop Sensors Crop sensors are going to help farmers apply fertilizer in a very effective
manner, maximizing uptake. Sensing how your crop is feeling and reducing potential
leaching and runoff into ground water. This is taking variable rate technology to the
next level. Instead of making a prescription fertilizer map for a field before you go out
to apply it, crop sensors tell application equipment how much to apply in real time.
Optical sensors are able to see how much fertilizer a plant may need based on the
amount of light reflected back to the sensor. 3. VRT and Swath Control Technology Through
VRT and swath control technology, guidance really begins to show a return on investment.
Swath control is just what it sounds like. The farmer is controlling the size of the swath a
given piece of equipment takes through the field. The savings come from using fewer
inputs like seed, fertilizer, herbicides, etc. Since the size and shapes of fields are irregular
you are bound to overlap to some extent in every application. The GPS mapping the
equipment in the field already knows where it has been and swath control shuts off
sections of the applicator as it enters the overlap area. VRT works in a similar fashion.
Based on production history and soil tests a farmer can build a prescription GPS map for
an input. 4. Monitoring and Controlling Crop Irrigation Systems via Smartphone Mobile
technology is playing an important role in monitoring and controlling crop irrigation
systems. With this modern technology, a farmer can control his irrigation systems from a
phone or computer instead of driving to each field. Moisture sensors in the ground are
able to communicate information about the level of moisture present at certain depths in the
soil. This increased flexibility allows for more precise control of water and other inputs
like fertilizer that are applied by irrigation pivots. Farmers can also combine this with other
tech like VRT mentioned earlier to control the rate of water applied. It’s all about
more effective and efficient use of resources. 5. Biotechnology Biotechnology or genetic
engineering (GE) is not new technology, but it is an important technology with much
more potential yet to be unleashed. The form of genetic engineering, most of the people
have probably heard of is herbicide resistance. Crops can be made to express toxins that
control particular pests. Many employ toxin that is the same toxin found in some
organic pesticides. It means a farmer won’t have to make a pass through his fields to
apply pesticide, which is not only saves on pesticide, but labor, fuel and wear on
equipment too. There is another way to look at it would be that farmers who irrigate
their crops can cut back on water use and not see yields suffer. Nitrogen use efficiency
is a lot like that except you’re doing it with fertilizer instead of water. 6. Documentation of
Fields via GPS Due to on-board monitors and GPS the ability of document yields and
application rates are becoming easier and more precise every year. In fact farmers are
getting to the point where they have so much good data on hand that and figure out
what to do with all of it. The favourite form of documentation of every farmer’s is the
yield map and it sums up a year’s worth of planning and hard work on a piece of
colourful paper. The equipment’s of harvesting rolls through the field and it calculates
yield and moisture as it goes tying it in with GPS coordinates. The field is printed when
finished a map of yield. These maps are often called heat maps. Now the farmer can see
what varieties had the best, worst, or most consistent yield over varying conditions. Maps
like this can tell a farmer how well a field’s drainage system is working. 7. Ultrasounds for
livestock Ultrasound is not only for checking on baby animals in the womb, also can
be used to discover what quality of meat might be found in an animal before it goes
to market. The testing of DNA helps producers to identify animals with good pedigrees
and other desirable qualities. For improving the quality of the herd, this information can
be used to helps the farmer to improve quality. 8. Usage of Mobile Technology and
Cameras Mobile
In addition, robotic technologies enable more reliable monitoring and management of natural
resources, such as air and water quality. It also gives producers greater control over plant and
animal production, processing, distribution, and storage, which results in:
Precision Agriculture
Description: Precision agriculture involves the use of technologies like GPS, sensors, and
data analytics to optimize field-level management with regard to crop farming.
Smart Farming:
Description: Smart farming integrates information and communication technology (ICT) with
traditional farming practices. It involves the use of sensors, IoT devices, and connectivity
solutions for farm management
Applications: Real-time monitoring of equipment, livestock, and environmental conditions,
enabling farmers to make data-driven decisions for improved efficiency.
Biotechnology in Agriculture:
Description: The use of genetic engineering and biotechnology to enhance crop traits and
improve resistance to pests or diseases.
Applications: Genetically modified (GM) crops, disease-resistant varieties, and biofortified
crops with improved nutritional content.
Blockchain in Agriculture:
Description: Utilization of block chain technology for traceability and transparency in the
agricultural supply chain
Applications: Tracking the origin of produce, ensuring food safety, and reducing fraud in the
supply chain
Agricultural technology continues to evolve, playing a pivotal role in modernizing farming
practices, increasing efficiency, and addressing the challenges faced by the agriculture sector.
SWOT Analysis of Agriculture Technology:
Strengths:
4.Increased Productivity:
Description: Automation, biotechnology, and smart farming contribute to
increased productivity in agriculture.
Impact: Higher crop yields, reduced manual labor, and streamlined
processes result in enhanced overall productivity.
Weaknesses:
1.High Initial Costs:
2.Technological Illiteracy:
Description: Farmers may lack the necessary skills and education to effectively utilize
sophisticated technologies.
Impact: Hindrance to widespread adoption, necessitating educational programs and
training initiatives.
3.Dependency on Connectivity:
Opportunities:
1.Emerging Technologies:
Description: Ongoing advancements in technologies like AI, robotics, and block chain offer
new opportunities for innovation in agriculture
Impact: Potential for further improvements in efficiency, sustainability, and risk management.
2.Global Food Security:
Description: Agriculture technology plays a vital role in addressing the challenge of feeding a
growing global population.
Impact: Opportunities to develop technologies that increase food production, reduce waste,
and enhance food distribution systems.
3.Government Support and Incentives:
Description: Many governments provide support and incentives for farmers adopting
advanced agricultural technologies.
Impact: Encourages technology adoption, especially when financial incentives and subsidies
are offered.
Threats:
1.Resistance to Change:
Description: Farmers may resist adopting new technologies due to a preference for traditional
methods or fear of the unknown
Impact: Slows down the pace of technology adoption, limiting potential benefits
4.Market Fragmentation:
The agriculture technology market is diverse and rapidly evolving, leading to fragmentation.
Impact: Complexity and lack of standardization can create challenges for farmers in selecting
and implementing suitable technologies
4.Regulatory Constraints:
Description: Stringent regulations or lack of clear policies for certain technologies can
impede their widespread adoption
Impact: Slows down innovation and adoption due to uncertainties and compliance challenges
This SWOT analysis provides a brief overview of the internal strengths and weaknesses and
external opportunities and threats facing agriculture technology. It’s important to note that
this is a general analysis, and the specifics may vary based on regional, technological, and
market contexts.
1. Risk Assessment
1. Technical Risks
Description: Potential challenges related to the implementation and maintenance of
agricultural technology
Mitigation: Conduct thorough testing, invest in robust technical support, and provide training
for users.
2. Financial Risks:
Description: Financial uncertainties such as high upfront costs, fluctuations in technology
prices, and return on investment.
Mitigation: Conduct a detailed cost-benefit analysis, explore financing options, and seek
government incentives.
3. Environmental Risks:
Description: Unpredictable environmental factors, such as climate change and natural
disasters, affecting agricultural operations.
Mitigation: Develop resilient technology solutions, implement risk management strategies,
and provide farmers with climate-smart practices.
Economic Risks:
Initial Investment: High upfront costs for adopting AgTech may be a barrier for smaller
farmers, impacting widespread adoption.
Market Fluctuations: Economic uncertainties and market fluctuations can affect the financial
viability of AgTech solutions.
Feasibility Study:
a.Technical Feasibility:
Description: Assessing the technical capabilities of implementing the chosen
agricultural technology.
Considerations: Compatibility with existing infrastructure, scalability, and reliability
of technology solutions.
b. Economic Feasibility:
Description: Evaluating the financial viability of adopting agricultural technology.
Considerations: Cost-benefit analysis, return on investment, and long-term economic
sustainability.
c.Operational Feasibility:
Description: Examining how well the agricultural technology aligns with existing
operations and workflows.
Considerations: User acceptance, ease of integration, and potential disruptions to
current processes
e.schedule Feasibility:
Description: Assessing the timeline for implementing the agricultural technology and
achieving desired outcomes.
Considerations: Realistic project timelines, potential delays, and dependencies on
external factors.
A comprehensive risk assessment and feasibility study provide valuable insights into
the challenges and opportunities associated with the implementation of agriculture
technology, guiding stakeholders in making informed decisions for successful
integration and sustainable development in the agricultural sector.
Testing Analysis for Adoption and Implementation of
Agricultural Technology:
Compatibility Testing
Ensure that AgTech solutions are compatible with existing farm equipment, software,
and infrastructure.
Test interoperability between different technologies to avoid integration issues
Usability Testing:
Assess the usability of AgTech interfaces and applications to ensure they are intuitive
and user-friendly for farmers with varying levels of technical expertise.
Identify any usability issues and refine the user interface based on feedback
Performance Testing:
Evaluate the performance of AgTech systems under different conditions, including
varying weather, soil types, and crop varieties.
Test for speed, accuracy, and reliability to ensure consistent performance.
Scalability Testing
Assess the scalability of AgTech solutions to accommodate larger farming operations.
Test whether the technology can handle increased data volumes and user loads
without performance degradation.
Reliability Testing:
Evaluate the reliability of AgTech systems over an extended period to identify any
potential hardware or software failures.
Implement measures such as redundancy to ensure continuous operation
Test training programs and support mechanisms to ensure that farmers can effectively
learn and utilize AgTech solutions.
Assess the responsiveness of support systems to address user queries and issues
Testing analysis
1. Pilot Survey:
a. Objectives:
b. Methodology:
Implementation: Select a representative group of farmers or target users to participate
in the pilot survey.
Data Collection: Gather feedback through surveys, interviews, and observations
during the trial period.
Analysis: Evaluate responses to identify common themes, strengths, weaknesses, and
areas for improvement.
Adoption Strategies:
a. Awareness Campaign:
Objective: Increase awareness and educate farmers about the benefits of adopting
agricultural technology.
Methods: Workshops, training sessions, and information campaigns to highlight
the positive impact on productivity and sustainability
Implementation Plan:
a.Stakeholder Engagement:
Objective: Ensure farmers have the necessary skills to effectively use and benefit
from the technology.
Methods: Conduct training programs, workshops, and provide ongoing support to
enhance technological literacy.
Objective: Establish measurable KPIs to track the success and impact of the
adopted technology
Metrics: Increased crop yield, resource efficiency, reduced environmental impact,
and improved farmer livelihoods.
b. Continuous Improvement
a. Compliance Assessment:
Objective: Ensure compliance with data security and privacy regulations
Methods: Conduct a thorough assessment of data handling practices, implement
encryption measures, and establish secure storage protocols
b. Transparency and Consent:
Conclusion
This not only boosts productivity and economic viability but also contributes to
sustainable and environmentally conscious agriculture. By embracing innovation,
fostering collaboration, and addressing challenges head-on, the agriculture sector
can embark on a resilient and prosperous path towards a technologically
empowered future.
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