GOOD MORNING

Santosh K Majhi(Msc Medical anatomy)

Male Reproductive System
 Male reproductive system
 The male reproductive (internal genital) organs includes:
• Testes-2
• Epididymis-2
• Ductus or vas deferens-2
• Seminal vesicles(accessory glands)-2
• Ejaculatory ducts-2
• Prostate gland(accessory glands)-1
• Bulbourethral glands(accessory glands)-2
 The male external genitalia includes:
• Penis-1
• Urethra-1
• Scrotum -2
• All the male reproductive organs & male external genitalia are secondary
sex organs except testes which are primary sex organs
 Main function of male genital organs

Parts Functions
Testes •Produces sperms
•Release male sex hormones;androgen & testosterone that causes
physical & physiological changes in males
Efferent ductules •Transport of sperm from testes to epididymis
Epididymis •Reservoir & maturation of sperms
Vas deferens •Transport of sperms from epididymis to ejaculatory duct
Seminal vesicle •secrete thick fluid that forms bulk of semen into ejaculatory duct
•The fluid provide nutrients to sperms & make it easier for sperm
to move
•It also prevents sperms from sticking together
Ejaculatory duct •Expels sperm & the secretions from seminal vesicles into the
urethra
 Parts Functions
Prostate gland •Secretes fluid into the semen that activates the sperms
•Secretes thin alkaline solution to neutralise urine & female genital
system

Urethra •Passage for urine from urinary bladder & semen from ejaculatory
duct to outside the body at different times
Penis •The organ from which semen(mixture of sperms & fluid) leaves the
body & is deposited in the female reproductive system
•Organ of copulation
Scrotum •A sac which covers the testes & holds them outside the body
•Protect the testes
•Maintenance of testicular temperature for proper spermatogenesis
 Testes
• Testes are male sex glands, one on either side located within the scrotum
• Each testes is a on oval shape, about 4 cm (1.5 ’’) long & 2.5 cm in
diameter
• Each one consists of 200 – 300 lobules
• Each lobule contains 1-4 seminiferous tubules
• Between the tubules are the group of interstitial cells of Leydig which
secrete testosterone(hormone) at & after puberty
• The seminiferous tubules contain only two types of cells;germ cells &
sertoli cells
• The germ cells produce spermatozoa by progressive differentiation &
sertoli cells provide mechanical support & nourishment to the
spermatozoa
 Covering of testis:
 1.Tunica vaginalis(parietal & visceral layer)
 2.Tunica albuginea
 3.Tunica vasculosa
• Blood supply to testis is by testicular artery and testicular vein
 Contd.
• The testosterone regulates the spermatogenesis & development of
secondary sex organs
• The testosterone also influence brain & in responsible for aggressive
behaviour & positive attitude of the males
• After production in the seminiferous tubules , the sperms leave the testis
through 6-12 efferent ductules which emerge from superior part of testis
& open into the duct of epididymis
 Epididymis
• The duct of epididymis ,6m long is so folded as to form a compact comma
shaped body called epididymis
• It caps superior pole of testis & is applied to its posterior border
• The spermatozoa are stored in the epididymis until release either by
masterbation or coitus
• During the storage period ,spermatozoa become mature & motile
• The final maturation of sperms occurs in epididymis
 Epididymis
• The duct of epididymis ,6m long is so folded as to form a compact comma shaped body called
epididymis
• It caps superior pole of testis & is applied to its posterior border
• The spermatozoa are stored in the epididymis until release either by masterbation or coitus
• During the storage period ,spermatozoa become mature & motile
• The final maturation of sperms occurs in epididymis

 Ductus deferens or vasdeferens:

• It emerges from the tail of epididymis
• It is a fibromuscular tube about 45 cm long that conveys spermatozoa from epididymis to the
ejaculatory duct
• The end of ductus deferens enlarges to form ampulla
• The spermatozoa are transported along the vas deferens by muscular contractions of its walls

 Seminal vesicles
• These are sac shaped glands adjacent to ampulla of ductus deferens
• They are tubular outgrowths from the last part of ductus deferens
• Each gland is 5cm long & its short duct joins the ductus deferens to form ejaculatory duct
• From this point onward,the male urethra is a common passage for urinary & genital systems
Ejaculatory duct
•It is formed near the prostate gland by the union of ductus deferens & duct of seminal
vesicle
•It is 2.5 cm long,pierces the prostate gland & opens into the urethra about 2.5 cm
distal to the urinary bladder

Prostate gland
•It is the largest accessory sex gland & weighs 20g in an adult male
•Cone shaped gland present below neck of urinary bladder with apex downward
•It surrounds 1st 3cm of urethra distal to urinary bladder
•Prostate glands secrete milky liquid which provide nutrition to sperms & form bulk of
semen
•It opens into the prostatic part of urethra
•Its secretion contains acid phosphatase,citric acid ,amylase,fibrinolysin & prostatic
specific antigen(PSA)

Bulbourethral glands(of Cowper)

These are 2 small glands of pea size which lie one on each side of membranous urethra
Their ducts are 2-3 cm long & open into the penile urethra
They secrete mucous like fluid that lubricates penile urethra before ejaculation
Spermatogenesis
Pathway Of Sperm cell or spermatozoa from origin to exit
Figure of Pathway Of Sperm cell or spermatozoa from
origin to exit
 Secondary sexual characteristics in male
• Secondary sexual characters are the external characteristics which
differentiate men from women & appear during puberty with
some physical changes
• In men there is change in
 Voice becomes deeper
 Large increase in height
 Enlarged larynx(Adam’s apple)
 Hair start to grow on chest,face,under arms & in pubic area
 Body becomes more muscular
 Penis becomes larger
 Testis start to produce sperm