Induced Current and their applications.

Induced current, also known as electromagnetic induction, occurs when a

changing magnetic field induces an electric current in a conductor.
This phenomenon was first discovered by Michael Faraday in the 19th century
and forms the basis of many important technologies today. Here are some
applications of induced currents;
Electric Generators: Electric generators use electromagnetic induction to convert
mechanical energy into electrical energy. When a coil of wire rotates within a
magnetic field, it induces a current in the wire, generating electricity.
Transformers: Transformers are devices that use electromagnetic induction to
change the voltage of alternating current (AC) electricity. They consist of two
coils of wire (the primary and secondary coils) wrapped around a common core.
When an alternating current flows through the primary coil, it creates a changing
magnetic field, which induces a current in the secondary coil, resulting in a
change in voltage.
Figure 31.17
(a) Schematic
diagram
of an AC
generator.

(b) The
alternating emf
induced in the
loop plotted as
a function of
time.
As a loop rotates in a magnetic field, the magnetic flux through the area
enclosed by the loop changes with time, and this change induces an emf
and a current in the loop according to Faraday’s law. The ends of the loop
are connected to slip rings that rotate with the loop. Connections from
these slip rings, which act as output terminals of the generator, to the
external circuit are made by stationary metallic brushes in contact with the
slip rings.
Now, suppose a coil with N turns, with the same area A, rotates in a
magnetic field with a constant angular speed ω. If θ is the angle between
the magnetic field and the normal to the plane of the coil as in Figure 31.18,
the magnetic flux through the coil at any time t is;
Where, θ = ωt
Hence, the induced
emf in the coil is;

(ω = 2πf, where f is the frequency in hertz.)

The direct-current (DC) generator is illustrated in Figure 31.19a. Such generators
are used, for instance, in older cars to charge the storage batteries. The components
are essentially the same as those of the AC generator except that the contacts to the
rotating coil are made using a split ring called a commutator.
In this configuration, the output voltage always has the same polarity and pulsates
with time.
The split ring reverse
their roles every half
cycle.
At the same time,
the polarity of the
induced emf reverses;
hence, the polarity of
the split ring remains
the same.
Figure 31.19
OQ-2. A flat coil of wire is placed in a uniform magnetic y
field that is in the y direction. (i) The magnetic flux
through the coil is a maximum if the plane of the coil
B
is where? More than one answer may be correct. (a) in
the xy plane (b) in the yz plane (c) in the xz plane x
(d) in any orientation, because it is a constant (ii) For
what orientation is the flux zero? Choose from the z
same possibilities as in part (i).
OQ-4. A circular loop of wire with a radius of 4.0 cm is in a uniform magnetic
field of magnitude 0.060 T. The plane of the loop is perpendicular to the
direction of the magnetic field.
In a time interval of 0.50 s, the magnetic field changes to the opposite direction
with a magnitude of 0.040 T. What is the magnitude of the average emf induced
in the loop? (a) 0.20 V (b) 0.025 V (c) 5.0 mV (d) 1.0 mV (e) 0.20 mV

The flux
(B//A).
changes from; B
A
 Next Lecture:

Basics of Optics,
Introduction to Semiconductor Physics.