514124, 0:49 PM wile Breese [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Seina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat chapters Laws of Motion View PDF ba ViewPDF @& Exercise 3(A) — Multiple Choice Type Question 1 A force can change 1. the size or shape of a body 2. the state of rest or of motion of a body 3. the dimensions of a body 4. All of the above. Answer All of the above Reason —A force when applied on a body can produce the follawing two main effects: 1. Itean change the state of rest or of motion of the body. 2. Itcan change the size or shape of the body i.e., it can change the dimensions of the body. Question 2 Which of the following is a contact force — 1. electrostatic force 2. gravitational force 3. frictional force 4, magnetic force Answer ftietional force /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comileamiclass-icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton 1193.514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Seina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat Reason — The forces which are applied on bodies by making a physical contact with them, are called contact forces. Hence, out of the given options, frictional force is a contact force. Question 3 ‘The non-contact force is — 1. force of reaction 2. force due to gravity 3. tension in string 4, force of the friction Answer force due to gravity Reason — The forces experienced by bodies even without being physically in touch, are called non-contact forces. Hence, out of the given options, force due to gravity is a non-contact force. Question 4 Aball placed on a table starts rolling down when the table is tited. This is an example of 1. contact force 2. non-contact force 3. both (a) and (b) 4.none of these Answer non-contact force Reason — The force on a body due to earth's attraction is called the force of gravity or the weight of the body and it's a non-contact, force. Question 5 When a comb is rubbed on dry hair, it gets charged. This is an example of 1, Gravitational force 2. normal reaction force 3. magnetic force 4, electrostatic force Answer electrostatic force /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comileamiclass-3icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton 2183514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Seina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat Reason — When a comb is rubbed on dry hair, it gets charged. If this comb is brought near the small bits of paper, opposite charges are induced on the bits of paper and they begin to move towards the ‘comb. The motion of paper bits is due to the electrostatic force of attraction exerted between the unlike charges on the comb and the paper bits. Question 6 ‘The nature of gravitational force is always: 1. repulsive 2. attractive 3. depends on the bodies involved 4, None of the above Answer attractive Reason — In the universe each particle attracts the other particle due to its mass, This force of attraction between them is called gravitational force, Question 7 ‘The magnitude of a non-contact force between two bodies with an increase in their separation and with a decrease in their separation 1. increases, decreases 2. decreases, increases 3. increases, increases 4, decreases, decreases Answer decreases, Increases Reason — The magnitude of non-contact force between two bodies depends on the distance of separation between them. It decreases with the increase in separation and increases as the separation decreases. Question 8 ‘On double the separation between two bodies the magnitude of the non-contact force between them becomes 1. one-eighth 2. one-half 3, one-fourth, /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comeamiclass-icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton 3193514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat 4. remains the same Answer ‘one-fourth Reason — Magnitude of non-contact force varies inversely as the ‘square of distance of separation i., on doubling the separation, the force becomes one-fourth, Question 9 A spring balance works on the principle of 1. gravitational force 2, magnetic force 3. restoring elastic force 4 titional force Answer restoring elastic force Reason — In a spring balance, a spring is fixed at one end with a hook attached to an object at the other end, When the spring is stretched, the spring exerts a force F opposite to the direction of displacement ofits free end, the magnitude of this force is directly proportional to the magnitude of displacement. This force is restoring force. Question 10 Anorizontal spring with two object A and B attached to its ends are ‘shown in the figure below. Ifthe spring Is compressed, it each object and if itis stretched, it each object. 4, pushes, pulls 2. pulls, pushes 3. pushes, pushes 4, pulls, pulls Answer pushes, pulls /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comeamiclass-icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton514124, 0:49 PM ‘Chapter 3: Laws of Motion | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Clas 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBost Reason —As the spring has the tendency to regain its original form oF shape due to restoring force, therefore, ifthe spring is ‘compressed, it pushes away each object and if itis stretched, it pulls in each object Exercise 3(A) — Very Short Answer Type Question 1 Define a contact force Answer ‘The force which are applied on bodies by making a physical contact with them, are called contact forces. Question 2 Define a non-contact force. Answer ‘The force experienced by bodies even without being physically in touch, are called non-contact force or forces at a distance, Question 3 Classify the following amongst contact and non-contact forces — {@) frictional force {b) normal reaction force {(¢) force of tension in a string {(@) gravitational force {0) electrostatic force (f) magnetic force Answer {a) fictional force — Contact force {b) normal reaction force — Contact force {€) force of tension in a string — Contact force {(@) gravitational force — Non-contact force {¢) electrostatic force — Non-contact force (1) magnetic force — Non-contact force Question 4 Give one example in each case where — /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comeamiclass-icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat {a) the force is of contact, and {b) force is at a distance, Answer {@) The force of contact — When a body slides over a rough surface, a force starts acting on the body in a direction opposite to the motion of the body, along the surface in contact, This is frictional force and is an example of contact force. (b) The force at a distance or non contact force — In the universe, each particle attracts the other particle due to it's mass. This force of attraction between them is called gravitational force and itis an example of a non contact force. Question 5 State one factor on which the magnitude of a non-contact force depends. How does it depend on the factor stated by you? Answer ‘The magnitude of non-contact forces between two bodies depends on the istance of so} n between them. It decreases with the increase in separation and increases as the separation decreases. I's magnitude varies inversely as the ‘square of distance of separation i., on doubling the separation, the force becomes one fourth Question 6 ‘The separation between two masses is reduced to half. How is the ‘magnitude of gravitational force between them affected? Answer ‘As we know that, force of attraction acting between two bodies is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. Hence, magnitude of gravitational force will become four times. Question 7 Give one example in each of the following cases where a force — {@) stops a moving body. (b) moves a stationary body. (0) changes the size of a body. (@) changes the shape of a body. /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comeamiclass-icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat Answer ‘The examples are as follows — {a) Stops a moving body — A fielder on the ground stops a moving ball by applying force with his hands, {(b) Moves a stationary body — A ball lying on the ground moves. when itis kicked. {c) Changes the size of a body — By loading a spring hanging from a rigid support, the length of the spring increases. (a) Changes the shape of a body — On pressing a piece of rubber, its shape changes. Exercise 3(A) — Short Answer Type Question 1 Explain giving two examples each of — (a) Contact forces, and {b) Non-contact forces. Answer (a) Contact Forces — The forces which are applied on bodies by making a physical contact with them, are called contact forces. Examples of contact force: 1. Frictional force — When a body slides (or rolls) over a rough surface, a force starts acting on the body in a direction opposite to the motion of the body, along the surface in contact. This is called frictional force or force of friction. 2. Normal reaction force — When a body is placed on a surface, the body exerts a force downwards, equal to it's weight, on the surface, but the body does nat move (or fall) because the surface exerts an equal and opposite force on the body normal to the surface which is called normal reaction force. {b) Non-Contact forces — The forces experienced by bodies even without being physically in touch, are called non-contact forces or forces at a distance. Examples of non-contact force: 1, Gravitational force — In the universe, each particle attracts the other particle due to i's mass. This force of attraction between them is called gravitational force. 2. Electrostatic Force — Two like charges repel, while two unlike charges attract each other. The force between the charges is /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comileamiclass-icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton 7183514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat called electrostatic force. Question 2 State the effects of a force applied on (i) a non-tigid, and (i) a rigid body. How does the effect of the force differ in the two cases? Answer () Non-rigid force —A force when applied on a non-rigid object, changes the inter - spacing between it’s constituent particles and therefore causes a change in it's dimensions and can also produce motion in it. (ii) Rigid-force — A force when applied on a rigid object does not change the inter-spac 1g between i's constituent particles and therefore it does not change the dimensions of the object, but causes only motion in ‘Question 3 What is a frictional force? Draw a neat labelled diagram showing a frictional force acting on a body. Answer When a body slides (or rolls) over a rough surface, a force starts, acting on the body in direction opposite to the mation of the body, along the surface in contact. This is called frictional force or the force ns C= What is a normal reaction force? Draw @ neat labelled diagram showing a normal reaction force acting on a body. Answer When a body is placed on a surface, the body exerts a force downwards, equal to its weight, on the surface, but the body does not move (or fall) because the surface exerts an equal and opposite force on the body normal to the surface which is called normal reaction force. /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comeamiclass-#icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/XvRAetlaws-moton 8193514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physis Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat REACTION FORCE ON BLOCK DUE TO PALM FORCE DUE TO WEIGHT OF BLOCK ON PALM Exercise 3(A) — Long Answer Type Question 1(a) Aballis hanging by a string from the ceiling of the roof. Draw a neat labelled diagram showing the forces acting on the ball and the string, Answer ‘The diagram below shows the forces acting on the ball and the string, Roof Ceiling Tension T (=W) developed in the String Weight W of ball pulling the string ‘Question 1(b) A spring is compressed against a rigid wall. Draw a neat labelled diagram showing the forces acting on the spring, Answer ‘The diagram below shows the forces acting on the spring when itis compressed against a rigid wall. /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comileamiclass-3icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton 9193514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat Fixed Spring in normal position (Restoring Force) F aes (Push) te ra Spring compressed against wall Question 1(c) ‘A. wooden block is placed on a table top. Name the forces acting on the block and draw a neat and labelled diagram to show the point of application and direction of these forces. Answer ‘The diagram below shows the point of application of force and the direction of these forces when a wooden block is placed on a table top. N=mg Reaction force on block from table equal to weight Of block acting upwards W=mg Force due to weight of block on table acting downwards ‘The forces acting are — /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comileamiclass-3icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton 10183514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat {i) The block exerts a force ( = weight ) on the table top, downwards. {i) The table top exerts an equal reaction force upwards normal to the top of the table. Exercise 3(B) — Multiple Choice Type Question 1 Newton's first law includes: 1. the definition of inertia 2. the definition of force 3. both (a) and (b) 4. none of the above Answer both (a) and (b) Reason — Newton's first aw can be understood in two parts 1. Definition of inertia — In the first part, Newton's first law gives the definition of inertia, according to which an object cannot change its state by itself. I the object is in state of rest, it will remain in the state of rest and if it is moving it will continue to move with same speed and in same direction, unless an external force is applied, 2. Definition of force — The second part of Newton's first law defines force, according to which force is that external cause which can move a stationary object or which can change the state of motion of a moving object. Question 2 Force is a quantity. 1. scalar 2. vector 3, directionless 4, none of these Answer vector Reason — Force is a vector quantity as it has magnitude as well as direction ‘Question 3 ‘The property of an object by virtue of which it tends to retain its state of rest or of motion is called — /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comileamiclass-icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton 11198514124, 0:49 PM Chapter 3 Laws of Motion | Salina Solitons Concise Physics Clas 9ICSE | Knowledgefoat 4. tition 2. inertia 3. force 4. mass Answer inertia Reason — If the object is in the state of rest, it will remain in the state of rest and ifit is moving in some direction, it will continue to move with the same speed in the same direction unless an external force is applied on it. This property Is called inertia. Question 4 ‘The property of inertia is more in — tvacar 2a truck 3. ahorse cart 4.atoy car Answer a truck Reason —As we know, more the mass, more Is the inertia of the body. As truck is the heaviest, hence, inertia of truck will be maximum. Question 5 Aforce is needed to— 1, change the state of motion or state of rest of the body 2. keep the body in motion 3. keep the body stationary 4, keep the velocity of body constant Answer change the state of motion or state of rest of the body Reason — According to Newton's first law of motion, if a body is in a state of rest, it will remain in the state of rest and if itis in the state of ‘motion, it wll remain moving in the same direction with the same speed unless an external force is applied on it. Hence, to change the state of motion or state of rest, external force is required. Question 6 /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comeamiclass-#icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/XvRAetlaws-moton 12i83514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat tennis ball and a cricket ball, both are stationary. To start motion in them — 1, Aless force is required for the cricket ball than for the tennis ball 2, Alless force is required for the tennis ball than for the cricket ball 3. Same force is required for both the balls 4, Nothing can be said. Answer Ales force is required for the tennis ball than for the cricket ball Reason —As we know, less the mass, less Is the Inertia of the body and because the mass of the tennis ball is less than the cricket ball, hence less force is required for the tennis ball than for the cricket ball fo start motion, Question 7 A student has four balls - table tennis ball, tennis ball, cricket ball and a football, The correct ascending order of inertia is : 4. table tennis ball, tennis ball, football, cricket ball 2. cricket ball, football, tennis ball, table tennis ball 3. table tennis ball, football, cricket ball, tennis ball 4. football, cricket ball, table tennis ball, tennis ball Answer table tennis ball, tennis ball, football, cricket ball Reason —As the property of inertia is because of the mass of the body. Greater the mass, greater the inertia. Ascending order of mass is table tennis ball < tennis ball < football < cricket ball, hence ascending order of inertia is table tennis ball < tennis ball < football < cricket ball Question 8 Which one of the following is not an example of inertia of rest? 1. When a train suddenly starts moving forward, the passenger standing in the compartment tends to fall backwards. 2. When a hanging carpet is beaten with a stick, dust particles start falling out of it 3. On shaking the branches of a tree, the fruits fall down. 4, When a passenger jumps out of a moving train, he falls down, Answer When a passenger jumps out of a moving train, he falls down, /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comileamiclass-3icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton 13183514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat Reason — When a passenger jumps out of a moving train, he falls, down because inside the train, his whole body was in a state of ‘motion. On jumping out of the moving train, as soon as his feet touches the ground, the lower part of the body comes to rest, while the upper part still remains in motion due to inertia of motion and not inertia of rest, Hence, the person falls down, Question 9 ‘An athlete often runs before taking a long jump. This is an example of 1, Newton's first law 2. inertia of rest 3. inertia of motion 4, both (a) and (c) Answer both (a) and (c) Reason —An athlete often runs before taking @ long jump. The reason is that by running he brings his entire body in the state of ‘motion. When the body is in motion, it becomes easier to take a long jump. Hence, itis an example of Newton's first law and inertia of motion. Question 10 In inertia of motion, the body continues to be in a state of motion with speed in direction unless an external force is applied 1. variable, zigzag 2, same, same 3, same, variable 4, vatiable, same Answer Reason — According to inertia of motion, a body in a state of ‘motion, continues to be in the state of motion with the same speed in the same direction in a straight line unless an extemal force is applied on it to change its state. Exercise 3(B) — Very Short Answer Type Question 1 Name the physical quantity which causes motion in a body. /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comeamiclass-#icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/XvRAetlaws-moton 4i93514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat Answer Force is the physical quantity which causes motion in a body. Question 2 Is force needed to keep a moving body in motion? Answer No, force is not needed to keep a moving body in motion. Reason — Ifa body is set in motion, it will remain in motion even when the force applied to set the body in motion is withdrawn, provided that there is no other force such as friction ete., to oppose the motion, Question 3 Aball is moving on a perfectly smooth horizontal surface. If no force is applied on it, wil its speed decrease, increase or remain unchanged? Answer I's speed will remain unchanged. Reason — According to Newton's first law of motion, if a body is in a state of rest, it will remain in the state of rest and if itis in the state of motion, it will remain moving in the same direction with the same speed unless an external force is applied on it. Question 4 What is Galileo's law of inertia? Answer According to Galileo's law of inertia — “An object, if once set in ‘motion, moves with uniform velocity f no force acts on it.” Thus, a body continues to be in a state of rest or in a state of uniform motion unless an external force is applied on it Question 5 State Newton's first law of motion. Answer According to Newton's first law of motion, if a body is in a state of, rest, it will remain in the state of rest and ifitis in the state of motion, itil remain moving in the same direction with the same speed unless an external force is applied on it Question 6 /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comileamiclass-icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton 15183514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat Give qualitative definition of force on the basis of Newton's first law of motion, Answer ‘The qualitative definition of force on the basis of Newton's first law of motion is — Force is that external cause which tends to change the state of rest or the state of motion of an object. Example —A book lying on a table gets displaced from it's place when it is pushed. Question 7 Name the factor on which inertia of a body depends and state how it depends on the factor stated by you. Answer ‘The factor on which inertia of a body depends is mass. More the mass, more is the inertia of the body. Thus, a lighter body has less inertia than a heavier body. In other words, more the mass of a body, more dificult itis to move the body from rest (or to stop the body if initially in motion), Hence, mass is a measure of inertia, Question 8 Name the two kinds of inertia Answer ‘The two kinds of inertia are — 1. Inertia of rast 2. Inertia of motion Question 9 Give one example of each of the following — {@) Inertia of rest, and (b) inertia of motion, Answer (2) Example of inertia of rest — When a train suddenly starts moving forward, the passenger standing in the compartment tends to fall backwards, The reason is that the lower part of the passenger's, body is in close contact with the train, As the train starts moving, the person's lower part shares the motion at once. However, the upper part, due to the inertia of rest cannot share the motion simultaneously and so it tends to remain at the same place. intps:nwwknowledgeboat.comieamiclass-icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat Hence, the lower part of the body moves ahead and the upper part is left behing, so the passenger tends to fall backwards, {(b) Example of inertia of motion —A cyclist riding along a level road does not come to rest immediately after he stops pedalling, The reason is that the bicycle continues to move due to inertia of motion even after the cyclist stops applying the force on the pedal. Question 10 ‘An aeroplane is moving uniformly at a constant height under the action of two forces ()) upward force (lit) and (i) downward force (weight). What is the net force on the aeroplane. Answer When the aeroplane is acted upon by two opposing forces then the net force acting on the aeroplane is zero as the two forces are in ‘opposite direction and they cancel each other. Exercise 3(B) — Short Answer Type Question 1 ball moving on a table top eventually stops. Explain the reason, Answer ‘As the ball moves on the table top, force of friction comes into play {and it opposes the motion ofthe ball. Hence, the ball stops. ball moving on a table top stops, as the force of friction between, the moving ball and the table top opposes the motion. Question 2 What is meant by the term inertia? Answer The property of an object by virtue of which it tends to retain its state of rest or of motion Is called inertia. Ifthe object is in the state of rest, it will remain in the state of rest and if it is moving in some direction, it will continue to move with the ‘same speed in the same direction unless an external force is applied on it Example — A book lying on a table top will remain placed at i's place unless itis displaced, Similarly, a ball rolling on a horizontal plane keeps on rolling unless the force of friction between the ball and the plane stops it. Question 3 /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comeamiclass-icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton r7i83514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat Give two examples to show that greater the mass, greater is the Inertia of the body. Answer Below examples illustrate that mass is a measure of inertia i.e., ‘greater the mass, greater is the inertia of the body, 1, Acricket ball is more massive then a tennis ball. The cricket ball ‘acquires much smaller velocity than a tennis ball when the two balls are pushed with equal force for the same duration In case when they are moving with the same velocity, itis more difficult to stop the cricket ball (which has more mass) in comparison to the tennis ball (which has less mass). 2. Itis difficult (1., larger force is required) to set a loaded trolley (which has more mass) in motion than an unloaded trolley (which has less mass). Similarly, itis difficult to stop a loaded trolley than an unloaded one, if both are moving initially with the same speed. Question 4 ‘More the mass, more difficult it is to move the body from rest’ Explain this statement by giving an example. Answer ‘As we know, more the mass, more is the inertia of the body. So mass is a measure of inertia. If we take the example of a loaded trolley, then we observe that, itis difficult (.e., larger force is required) to set a loaded trolley (which has more mass) in motion than an unloaded trolley (which has less mass) Question 5 ‘Two equal and opposite forces act on a stationary body, Will the body move? Give reason to your answer. Answer No, the body will not move when two equal and opposite forces act on a stationary body. As the net force on the body is zero, so the body will remain stationary due to inertia of rest. Question 6 ‘Two equal and opposite forces act on a moving object. How is it's motion affected? Give reason, Answer /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comeamiclass-#icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/XvRAetlaws-moton 18183514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat When two equal and opposite forces are acting on a moving object, the motion remains unaffected because the net force on the object is zero. Question 7 Why does a person fall when he jumps out from a moving train? Answer A person falls when he jumps out from a moving train, because inside the train, his whole body was in a state of motion with the train. On jumping out of the moving train, as soon as his feet touch the ground, the lower part of the body comes to rest, while the upper part stil remains in motion. ‘As a result, he falls in the direction of motion of the train and gets burt ‘To avoid falling, as soon as the passenger's feet touch the ground he should start running on the ground in the direction of motion of the train for some distance. ‘Question 8 Why does a coin placed on a card, drop into the tumbler when the card is rapidly flicked with the finger? Answer ‘Acoin placed on a card, drop into the tumbler when the card is rapidly flicked with the finger, because when the card is flicked the momentary forces acts on the card, so it moves away. But the coin kept on it does not share the mation at once and it remain at i's place due to inertia of rest. The coin then falls down into the tumbler due to the pull of gravity Question 9 Why does a ball thrown vertically upwards in a moving train, come back to the thrower's hand? Answer Aball thrown vertically upwards in a moving train, comes back to the thrower’s hand because when ball was thrown, it was in motion ‘along with the person and the train. It remains in the same state of forward motion even during the time the ball remains in ar. ‘The person, the inside air and the ball all move ahead by the same distance due to inertia and so the ball falls back into his palm on i's return, ‘Question 10 /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comeamiclass-icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton 19183514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat People often shake branches of a tree for getting down its fruits. why? Answer ‘The reason is that when the stem (or branches) of the tree are shaken, they come in motion, while the fruits due to inertia, remain in the state of rest. Thus, the massive and weakly attached fruits get detached from the branches and the fall down due to the pull of Reason — Ifa given force is applied on bodies of different masses, the acceleration produced in them is inversely proportional to their 1 masses ie, a x — (for a given force F). A graph plotted for acceleration a against mass m is a curve (hyperbola). Question 10 ‘The acceleration produced in a body by a force of given magnitude depends on — 1. size of the body 2. shape of the body 3, mass of the body /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comileamiclass-icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton 25183514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat 4. None of these Answer mass of the body Reason —As we know, Force (f) = mass (m) x acceleration (a) Hence, acceleration produced in a body by a force of given ‘magnitude depends on mass of the body. Question 11 ‘The S11, unit of force is: 1. dyne 2.goms" 3. Newton 4. Joule Answer Newton Reason —As F =m xa, on this basis, the S.I. unt of force is, newton, ‘One newton is the force which when acts on a body of mass 1 kg, produces an acceleration of 1 ms. i., 1 newton = 1 kg x 1 ms?, Question 12 1 Newton is equal to 1.103 dyne 2. 108 dyne 3, 107 dyne 4,108 dyne Answer 108 dyne Reason — 1 newton = 1 kg x1 ms 1000 g x 100 cms? 10% gx cms? 108 dyno, /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comileamiclass-icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat Thus, 11N 108 dyno, Question 13 ‘The force required to produce an acceleration of 5 ms in a body of mass 2 kg is: 1.25N 2.20N 3.10N 4,25N Answer 10N Reason — Given, a ms? and m=2 kg Using, F = ma wo got, F=5x2=10N Hence, force required = 10 N Question 14 ‘According to Newton's second law of mation, the change in ‘momentum takes place in a direction 1, opposite to the direction of force applied 2. perpendicular to the direction of the force applied 3, similar to the direction of the force applied 4, none of these Answer similar to the direction of the force applied Reason — According to Newton's second law of motion, the rate of change of momentum of a body is directly proportional to the force applied on it and the change in momentum takes place in the direction in which the force Is applied. Question 15 m(Av) At For a relation F = . to hold true, the condition(s) necessary is/are: 1. velocities are equal to the velocity of light 2. velocities are much smaller than the velocity of light 3, mass remains constant 4, both (b) and (c) /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comileamiclass-3icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton 27ie3514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat Answer both (b) and (c) Reason —Itis observed that the mass of a particle increases with increase in velocity but it becomes perceptible only when the velocity of the particle is comparable with the speed of light c. At velocities v <<, the change in mass is not perceptible. At such velocities (v << ‘c), mass m can be considered to be constant. Then Newton's m(Av) At second law takes the form F A ‘Thus, for F = = ma to hold true, two conditions are required At 1. velocities are much smaller than the velocity of light 2. mass remains constant Question 16 ‘Two balls of masses 4m and 8m are in motion with velocities 2v and v respectively. The ratio of their momentum would be 1234 24:2 Bast ata Answer 14 Reason — Given, im, = 4m mz = 8m, v= 2v vey As, p=mv 4m2v _ 8mv Hence, P ett Pp, Smv Smv Hence, ratio of their momentum = 4:4 Exercise 3(C) — Very Short Answer Type Question 1 Define linear momentum and state i's... unit, Answer Linear momentum of a body can be defined as the product of its mass and velocity. /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comeamiclass-#icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/XvRAetlaws-moton514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat For a body of mass m, moving with velocity v, linear momentum p is expressed as p=mvy The S11, unit of linear momentum is kg ms“* Question 2 A body of mass m moving with a velocity v is acted upon by a force. Write expression for change in momentum in each of the following cases (i) when v << ¢ (il) when v6, and (i) when v <<¢ but m does not remain constant. Here cis the speed of light Answer () When v< ty, therefore, Fy Force F ——> (i) The force needed to produce a given acceleration in a body is proportional to the mass of the body. e., F & m (if acceleration remains the same) ‘The graph plotted for force on mass for a constant acceleration is shown below — Y Acceleration constant Force F ——> Mass m ——> Question 2 How does the acceleration produced by a given force depend on mass of the body? Draw a graph to show it Answer nips: knowledgeboat.comeam/cass-9.cse-concse-physics-selinasolutons/xvRAeilaws-moton aries514/24, 0:49 PMA [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat When a force is applied on bodies of different masses, the acceleration produced in them Is inversely proportional to thelr masses le. 1 ax — (for a given force F). m ‘The graph plotted for acceleration against mass mis a hyperbola and is shown below, Y | F = constant « < 2 © 2 Q 8 8 < x Mass m ——> ‘Question 3 How does acceleration vary with the force applied for a given body? ‘Show it with the help of a graph. Answer Acceleration produced in a body of given mass is directly proportional to the force applied on it ¢., a e F (if mass remains constant) ‘The graph plotted for acceleration a against force F is a straight line as shown below: /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comeamiclass-icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton 38183514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat y Mass ‘constant Acceleration a Force — Exercise 3(C) — Numericals Question 1 Abbody of mass 5 kg is moving with velocity 2 m s“. Calculate it's linear momentum. Answer As we know, linear momentum (p) = mass (m) x velocity (v) Given, v=2ms" m=5kg ‘Substituting the values in the formula above we get, p=5x2 p10 Hence, linear momentum = 10 kg m st ‘Question 2 The linear momentum of a ball of mass 50 gis 0.5 kg ms"! Find it's velocity Answer ‘As we know, \ear momentum (p) = mass (m) x velocity (v) Given, 5 kg ms“ 09 /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comeamiclass-icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton 39183514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat Converting g to kg, 10009 kg 1) x50 1000, = 50g = 0.05kg 0g Hence, m 05 kg ‘Substituting the values in the formula above we get, 0.5 = 0.05 xv Hence, velocity ‘Question 3 ‘A force of 15 N acts on a body of mass 2 kg. Caloulate the accelaraton produced Answor As wo know, Force () = mass (m) x acceleration (a) ive, F 5 N kg ‘Substituting the values in the formula above we get, 15=2xa va a) Sa=Tims? Hence, Acceleration produced by the body = 7.5 m 5 Question 4 ‘A force of 10 N acts on a body of mass 5 kg. Find the acceleration produced. Answer /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comileamiclass-3icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton 40193514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat ‘As we know, Force (f) = mass (m) x acceleration (a) Given, F=10N m=5kg ‘Substituting the values in the formula above we get, 1W=5xa sa 22 5 =a=2ms? Hence, Acceleration produced by the body = 2m s? Question 5 Calculate the magnitude of force which when applied on a body of mass 0.5 kg produces an acceleration of 5 ms Answer As we know, Force (f) = mass (m) x acceleration (a) Given, a=Sms@ m=05kg ‘Substituting the values in the formula above we get, F-05x > F=25N Hence, Magnitude of force Question 6 ‘A force of 10 N acts on a body of mass 2 kg for 3s, intially at rast Calculate: (i) the velocity acquired by the body, and (i) change in ‘momentum of the body. Answer ‘As wo know, /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comileamiclass-3icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton 411993514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat Force (f) = mass (m) x acceleration (a) Given, f=10N ‘Substituting the values in the formula above we get, axa Hence, Acceleration produced by the body = 5 m s The 1 equation of motion states that; veusat Substituting the values inthe formula above we get, v=0+ (5x3) > v-lbms! Hence, velocity of the body is 15m (i) As we know, ‘Change in momentum = Final momentum - Initial momentum, 2x0 Initial momentum = m 30 kg ms“? xt Final momentum = mv ‘Substituting the values in the formula above we get, Change in momentum = 30-0 = 30 kgm s*t Question 7 A force acts for 10 s on a stationary body of mass 100 kg after which the force ceases to act. The body moves through a distance of 100 min the next § s. Calculate (() the velocity acquired by the body, (i) the acceleration produced by the force, and (i) the magnitude of the force. Answer /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comeamiclass-#icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton 4293514124, 0:49 PM ‘chapter: Laws of Maton | Selina Sotions Concise Physics Cass 9 ICSE | KnowledigeBoat i) Velocity (yy = “stance (8) (0 Nelociy (= Ferme () Given, s=100minSs ‘Substituting the values in the formula above we get, 100 5 v=20 Hence, velocity acquired by the bod; i) As we know, Given, (00 m ‘Substituting the values in the formula above we get, 20? 0? =2xax 100 400 = 200 x a ->a=2ms Hence, a= 2m (ili) As we know, Force (f) = mass (m) x acceleration (a) Given, m=100kg ms ‘Substituting the values in the formula above we get, F=100x2 => F=200N Hence, Magnitude of force = 200 N Question 8 /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comeamiclass-#icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/XvRAetlaws-moton 4393514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat Figure shows the velocity-time graph of a particle of mass 100 g moving in a straight line, Calculate the force acting on the particle, 012345 Time (s) ——> (Hint — acceleration = slope of v-t graph) Answer ‘As we know, Force (f) = mass (m) x acceleration (a) Given, m 00.9 Converting g to kg, 1000 g = 1 kg 1009 = (A=) x 100 8°00) * 9 100 g=0.1 Kg Hence, m= 0.1 Kg As, acceleration = slope of v-t graph 20 5 Hence, a= 4m s? ‘Substituting the values in the formula above we get, F=01x4 F=04 /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comileamiclass-icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton 4093514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat Hence, force acting on the particle = 0.4 N Question 9 A force causes an acceleration of 10 m sin a body of mass 500 g, What acceleration will be caused by the same force in a body of mass 5 kg? Answer As we know. Force (f) = mass (m) x acceleration (a) Given, m= 5009 Converting g to kg, 1000 g=1kg 1 1000 5kg 500 g = ) x 500 kg 100g Hence, m 5Kg 2 a=10ms ‘Substituting the values in the formula above we get, F=05x10 => F=5N Hence, Magnitude of force = 5 N I,m=5Kg, ‘Substituting the values in the formula above we get, =a =>a=Ims? Hence, a= 1 ms? Question 10 A cricket ball of mass 150 g moving at a speed of 25 m s°" is brought to rest by a player in 0.03 . Find the average force applied by the player. /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comileamiclass-3icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton 45193,514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat Answer The 1 equation of motion states that; veutat Given, 50.9 Converting g to kg, 1000.9 = 1 kg 1509 =(h-)x150 8° Go00?* 150 g=0.15 kg Hence, m= 0.15 kg t= 0.038 ‘Substituting the values in the formula above we get, 25 + (a x 0.03) Hence, acceleration of the ball = - 833.33 ms Now, Force (f) = mass (m) x acceleration (a) ‘Substituting the values in the formula above we get, F =0.15 x (833.33) => F=—125N Hence, Magnitude of force Question 11 A force acts for 0.1 s on a bady of mass 2.0 Kg initially at rest. The force is then withdrawn and the body moves with a velocity of 2m s* *, Find the magnitude of force, Answer /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comeamiclass-#icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/XvRAetlaws-moton 46193,514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat The 1% equation of motion states that; veutat Given, tots og v=2mst ‘Substituting the values in the formula above we get, Hence, acceleration of the body = 20 m s* Force (f) = mass (m) x acceleration (a) ‘Substituting the values in the formula above we get, F=2x20 => F=40N Hence, Magnitude of force Question 12 A body of mass 500 g, initially at rest, is acted upon by a force which causes it to move a distance of 4 min 2s, Calculate the force applied Answer As we know, S=utt @ at? Given, m= 5009 Converting g to kg, 1000 g=1kg /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comileamiclass-icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/XvRAetlaws-moton 4793514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat 1 1000 5 Kg 5009 ) x 500 kg 100g Hence, m=05Kg Substituting the values inthe formula above we get, 1 2 4= (0x2) 4(5 xax2’) 4 04 (jx axd) 4220 sa-4 2 >a=2ms? Honce, a=2ms@ Now, Force (f) = mass (m) x acceleration (a) ‘Substituting the values in the formula above we get, P=05x2 > F=1N Hence, Magnitude of force Question 13 Acar of mass 480 kg moving at a speed of 54 km ht is stopped by applying brakes in 10 s, Calculate the force applied by the brakes. Answer We know that, acceleration Given, 80 kg /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comileamiclass-icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton 4893,514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat u=54 km ht converting km hr! toms" 1_ 100m, Sakmh 1 = 54x (SE) 1 10m Bak ho = 54 x (35°) Sélen b-) — 540m 54k bh! = 15m s 1 Hence, u= 15 mst v=0 t 0s ‘Substituting the values in the formula above we get, 0-15 10 =>a=-Lims? Hence, a=+1.5ms2 ‘The negative sign shows that itis retardation. Now, Force (f) = mass (m) x acceleration (a) ‘Substituting the values in the formula above we get, F = 480 x (1.5) > F=720N Hence, Magnitude of force applied by the brakes = 720 N Question 14 Acar is moving with a uniform velocity of 30 m s“, Itis stopped in 2 's by applying a force of 1500 N through it's brakes. Calculate (a) the ‘change in momentum of car, (b) the retardation produced in car, and {¢) the mass of the car. Answer ()) We know that, acceleration Given, /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comileamiclass-icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton 49193,514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat v=0 30ms" t=28 f= 1500N ‘Substituting the values in the formula above we get, 0-30 =a=—15ms? ‘The negative sign shows that itis retardation. So retardation = 15 m s Now, Force (f) = mass (m) x acceleration (a) ‘Substituting the values in the formula above we get, 1500 m x (15) > m — 100kg Hence, Mass of the car= 100 kg AAs we know, in momentum = Final momentum - Initial momentum, Chang: Initial momentum = mu = 100 x 30 = 3000 kg m s"* 00 x0 Final momentum = m ‘Substituting the values in the formula above we get, Change in momentum 3000 kg ms" Hence, () change in momentum = 3000 kg ms“? {i) The retardation produced in the car= 15 ms 2 (il) The mass of the car = 100 Kg Question 15 Abullet of mass 50 g moving with an initial velocity of 100 ms", strikes a wooden block and comes to rest after penetrating a distance 2 em init. Calculate (i initial momentum of the bullet (i) /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comileamiclass-icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton 50183514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat final momentum of the bullet, (ji) retardation caused by the wooden block, and (|v) resistive force exerted by the wooden block Answer Given, m=50g Converting g to Kg 1000 g= 1 Kg 50 ) x 50 kg 1 1000 50.9 = 0.05 Kg Hence, m 05 Kg 100 m st s Converting em tom 100 m= 1m 1 m = (——) x2 = 0.02m 100) () Initial momentum of the bullet = mass (m) x init ‘Substituting the values in the formula above we get, Initial momentum = 0.05 x 100 = § kg ms“ Hence, Initial momentum = § kgm s*t (i) Final momentum = mass (m) x final velocity (u) ‘Substituting the values in the formula above we get, Final momentum = 0.05 x 0 = 0 kgm s** Hence, Final momentum = Zero (il) As we know, ‘Substituting the values in the formula above we get, 0? — 100? = 2 x a x 0.02 10000 = 0.04 x @ 10000 0.04 /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comeamiclass-#icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/XvRAetlaws-moton 51/93514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat 1000000 a => a = —250000m s~ Hence, Retardation caused by wooden block = 2.5 x 10° m 5” (iv) Now, Force (f) = mass (m) x acceleration (a) ‘Substituting the values in the formula above we get F = 0.05 x (2.5 x 10°) = F =0.125 x 10°N Hence, Resistive force exerted by wooden block = 12500 N Exercise 3(D) — Multiple Choice Type Question 1 Newton's third law — 4. defines the force qualitatively 2. defines the force quantitatively 3. explains the way a force acts on a body 4. gives the direction of force. Answer ‘explains the way a force acts on a body Reason — Newton's third law explains the way a force acts on a body and states that, to every action there is always an equal and opposite reaction. Question 2 Which law of motion explains how a force acts on a body or an object? 1, Newton's third law 2. Newton's second law 3, Newton's first law 4. All of the above. Answer Newton's third law /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comeamiclass-icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton aie514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Motion | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat Reason — Newton's third law of motion states that : In an interaction of two bodies A and B, the magnitude of reaction (\e., the force Fag, applied by the body A) is equal in magnitude to the action (le. the force Fea applied by the body A on the body B), but they are in directions opposite to each other. Hence, the law explains how a force acts on a body or an object. Question 3 To every action there is always 4. an equal reaction 2. an equal and opposite reaction 3. an equal reaction in the same direction 4 none of these Answer ‘an equal and opposite reaction Reason — Newton's third law of motion states that to every action there is always an equal and opposite reaction Question 4 Action and reaction act on the — 1. same body in opposite directions 2. different bodies in opposite directions 3. diferent bodies, but in same direction 4, same body in same direction. Answor Gitforont bodies in opposite directions Reason —As per the Nowton's third law of motion — In an interaction of two bodies A and B, the magnitude of reaction (i. the force Fag applied by the body A) is equal in magnitude to the action (ie., the force Faq applied by the body A on the body B), but they are in directions opposite to each other. Question 5 ‘The motion of a boat moving away from the shore is an example of 1. Newton's first law 2. Newton's second law 3, Newton's third law 4, not related with Newton's law /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comileamiclass-3icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton 53103514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat Answer Newton's third law Reason — To move a boat ahead in water, the boatman pushes {action) the water backwards with his oar and at the same time, the water exerts an equal and opposite force (reaction) in the forward direction on the boat due to which the boat moves ahead, Hence, it is an example of Newton's third law Question 6 In an interaction of two bodies A and B, which of the following statements is correct ? 1 Fap = Foa 2. Fos > Faw 3. Fap = Fon 4.Fap > Poa Answer Fas Reason — According to Newton's third law, to every action there is Foa always an equal and opposite re: Qn. In magnitude, Fag = Fea Fon butthey are in opposite directions, Therefore, Fx Question 7 A footballer hits a football with a force of 10 N. What force does the footballer experience ? 1.5N 2.10N 3.20N 415N Answer 10N Reason — According to Newton's third law to every action there always an equal and opposite re: in. Hence, the footballer will also experience a reaction force of 10 N. ‘Question 8 ‘Out of the following statements, which one Is correct ? 1. the sum of action and reaction on a body is zero. 2. action and reaction act on different bodies in opposite direction. /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comileamiclass-3icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton 5493514124, 0:49 PM ‘Chapter 3: Laws of Motion | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Clas 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBost 3. action and reaction are always in opposite direction on the same body, 4, action and reaction act on different bodies in the same direction. Answer action and reaction act on different bodies in opposite direction, Reason — The action and reaction never act on the same body, but they always act simultaneously on two different bodies ie., the forces on interaction are always present in a pai. Question 9 Which of the following are examples of Newton's third law of motion? ()) While catching a ball, the cricketer withdraws his hands along with the ball (i) Athletes often land on sand after taking a high jump (ii) Motion of a man on ground 4.4 2.(il) 3.) 4. all ofthe above Answer ‘iy Reason — When a man applies a force F (action) backward by his foot on the ground against the force of friction, the ground exerts an ‘equal and opposite force R (reaction) forward on his foot. The horizontal component of the force of reaction enables the man to move forward. Obviously, it will be difficult to move on a slippery road where friction is less. /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comeamiclass-icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton 55183514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat Force exerted by ground on foot (reaction) Force exterted by man on ground (Action) Exercise 3(D) — Very Short Answer Type Question 1 ‘State Newton's third law of motion. Answer Newton's third law of motion states that to every action there is always an equal and opposite reaction, Question 2 Name and state the action and reaction in the following cases — {@) firing a bullet from a gun, (b) hammering a nail, {¢) a book lying on a table, {¢) a moving rocket, {e) a person walking on the floor, (f) moving train colliding with a stationary train Answer (2) Firing a bullet from a gun —When a man fires a bullet from a ‘un, a force F is exerted on the bullet (action) and the gun experiences an equal recoil R (reaction). (b) Hammering a nail — When we hammer a nail, the hammer exerts a force F (action) on the nail and the nail in turn also exerts ‘an equal and opposite force R (reaction) on the hammer. (c) Abook top, the book exerts a force equal to it's weight (action) on the table 1g on a table — When a book is placed on a table /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comeamiclass-icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton 56183514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat in downward direction and the table balances it by an equal force called the (reaction) acting upwards on the book. (a) Amoving rocket — The rocket exerts a force F (action) on ‘gases (produced by burning of fuel) to expel them through a nozzle backwards. The outgoing gases exert an equal and opposite force R (reaction) on the rocket due to which it moves in the forward direction. {e) A person walking on the floor — When a man applies a force F action) backward by his foot on the ground against the force of friction, the ground exerts an equal and opposite force R (reaction) forward on his foot. (fA moving train colliding with a stationary trai —The moving train exerts a force F (action) on the stationary train and the stationary train in turn exerts a force R (reaction) on the moving tr ‘Question 3 "The action and reaction both act simultaneously: Is this statement true? Answer Yes, action and reaction both act simultaneously. Example — To move a boat ahead in water, the boatman pushes {action) the water backwards with his oar and at the same time, the water exerts an equal and opposite force (reaction) in the forward direction on the boat due to which the boat moves ahead. Question 4 "The action and reaction are equal in magnitude’. Is this statement true? Answer Yes, action and reaction are equal in magnitude. Example —The spring of balance A pulls the spring of balance 6 {due to which we get some reading in balance B. The same reading is ‘seen in balance A because the spring of balance B also pulls the spring of balance A by the same force. ‘The pull on the spring 8 by the spring Ais the action Fga and the pull ‘on the spring A by the spring B is the reaction Fag, ‘This demonstrates that “to every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction” (/.., in magnitude Fag = Faq but they are in opposite directions. ) /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comileamiclass-3icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton s7i83514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat Question 5 ‘Comment on the statement ‘the sum of action and reaction on a body Is zero’ [Hint: The statement is wrong] Answer ‘The statement ‘the sum of action and reaction on a body is zero" is. wrong. ‘As per the Newton's third law of motion — In an interaction of two bodies A and 8, the magnitude of reaction {.e,, the force Fag applied by the body A) is equal in magnitude to the action (i.., the force Faq applied by the body Aon the body B), but they are in tions opposite to each other. Hence, the two forces can't add up to zero. Exercise 3(D) — Short Answer Type Question 1 State the usefulness of Newton's third law of motion, Answer Newton's first law and second law does not explain how the force acts on the object. This question is answered by Newton's third law, which states — “To every action there always an equal and opposite reaction". Example — While moving on the ground, we exert a force by our feet to push the ground backwards, the ground exerts a force of the ‘same magnitude on our feet forward which makes us to move forward, Hence, the force exerted by our feet on the ground is the force of action and the force exerted by the ground on our feet is the force of reaction. ‘Question 2 State and explain the law of action and reaction, by giving two examples. Answer ‘The Newton's third law or the law of action and reaction states — “To every action there is always an equal and opposite reaction” /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comileamiclass-icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton 58103514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat Examples 11, Motion of boat in water — To move a boat ahead in water, the boatman pushes (action) the water backwards with his oar and the water exerts an equal and opposite force (reaction) in the forward direction on the boat due to which the boat moves ahead, 2, Catching a ball — While catching a ball, the ball exerts a force (action) on the palm of cricketer and the cricketer exerts an equal force (reaction) on the ball to stop it Question 3 Explain the motion of a rocket with the help of Newton's third law Answer Newton's third law states that for every action there is always an ‘equal and opposite reaction. Ina rocket, fuel burning inside the rocket and the bumt gases at high pressure and high temperature are expelled out of the racket through ‘nozzle. Thus, rocket exerts a force (action) on gases to expel them through a nozzle backwards. ‘The outgoing gases exert an equal and opposite force R (reaction) ‘on the rocket due to which it moves in the forward direction. R FORCE ON ROCKET (reaction) ROCKET NOZZLE FORCE ON 7 GASES GASES F (action) Hence, Newton's third law is obeyed intps:nwwknowledgeboat.comieamiclass-icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton 59183514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat Question 4 When a shot is fired from a gun, the gun gets recoiled. Explain, Answer ‘The Newton's third law states — “To every action there is always an equal and opposite reaction” So, when a bullet is fired from a gun, a force F is exerted on the bullet (action) and the gun experiences an equal recoil R (reaction) as shown, RECOIL ON GUN FORCE ON BULLET R +— (Reaction) (Action) —> F 0 > BULLET ie Hence, Newton's third law is obeyed. Question 5 When you step ashore from a stationary boat, it tends to leave the shore. Explain, Answer In order to get out of the boat we exert a force (action) on the board of the boat, This creates a force (reaction) which enables us to step ‘out of the boat. At the same instant, the boat tends to leave the shore due to the force exerted by us (L.e., action) For the safety of the passengers the boatman ties the boat to the pole on the shore so that it does not move away, Question 6 When two spring balances joined at their free ends, are pulled apart, both show the same reading, Explain, Answer ‘The spring of balance A pulls the spring of balance 8 due to which we get some reading in balance B, The same reading is seen in balance A because the spring of balance B also pulls the spring of balance Aby the same force /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comileamiclass-3icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton 6019514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat ‘The pull on the spring B by the spring Ais the action Fa and the pull con the spring A by the spring B is the reaction Fg, ‘This demonstrates that "to every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction” (i.e, in magnitude Fag = Faq but they are in ‘opposite directions. ) Question 7 ‘To move a boat ahead in water, the boatman has to push the water backwards by his oar. Explain Answer ‘To move a boat ahead in water, the boatman pushes (action) the water backwards with his oar and the water exerts an equal and ‘opposite force (reaction) in the forward direction on the boat due to which the boat moves ahead. Question 8 A person pushing a wall hard is lable to fall back. Give reason. Answer When a person exerts a force (action) on a wall by pushing the palm of his hand against it, he will experience a force (reaction) exerted by the wall on his palm and hence, he may fall back Question 9 Aight ball falling on ground, after striking the ground rises upwards. Explain the reason. Answer When a light bal strikes the ground it exerts a force on the ground {action) and the ground in turn exerts an equal amount of force R (reaction) on the ball, due to which the ball rises up. Exercise 3(D) — Numericals Question 1 Aboy pushes a wall with a force of 10 N towards east. What force is ‘exerted by the wall on the boy? Answer ‘As we know, Newion's third law states that for every action there is always an equal and opposite reaction. Hence, when the boy pushes the wall with a force of 10 N towards east then the wall will also push the boy with a force of 10 N towards west /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comeamiclass-icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton 6193514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat Question 2 In figure, a block of weight 15 N is hanging from a rigid support by a string. What force is exerted by — W=15N {a} block on the string, (0) string onthe block Name them and show them in the diagram. Answer {a) The force exerted by the block on the string is 15 N acting downwards due to the weight of the block. (©) The force exerted by the string on the block is 15 N acting upwards because of the tension generated, Exercise 3(E) — Multiple Choice Type Question 1 ‘The gravitational force between two bodies is — 4 always repulsive 2. always attractive 3. attractive only at large distances 4 repulsive only at large distances. Answer always attractive Reason — The force of attraction between between two particles because of their masses, Is called the gravitational force of attraction. Hence, the gravitational force between two bodies is always attractive, Question 2 /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comeamiclass-#icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/XvRAetlaws-moton 62199514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat ‘The gravitational force of attraction between two particles is because of 1. their masses 2, their shapes 3. their sizes: 4.none of these Answer their masses Reason — Each mass particle of the universe attracts other mass particles, The force of attraction between two particles because of their masses, is called gravitational force of attraction Question 3 ‘The law of gravitation was given by 41, Thomas Alva Edison 2, Alexander Graham Bell 3. Sir Isaac Newton 4, Albert Einstein Answer Sir Isaac Newton Reason — For the magnitude of gravitational force of attraction, Sir Isaac Newton gave a law, known as the law of gravitation. Question 4 ‘The forces of attraction acting between two bodies is, 1. directly proportional to the product of their masses 2. directly proportional to the square of the distance between them 3. inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them 4, both (a) and (c) Answer both (a) and (c) Reason — According to Newton, the force of attraction acting between two bodies is 1. directly proportional to the product of their masses. 2. inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them, /ntps:inwwknowledgeboat.comieamiclass-#icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/XvRetlaws-moton 6199514124, 0:49 PM {chapter Lave of Maton | Salina Solons Concise Physics las ICSE | KnowedgeBoat Gmym; Hence, we get, F= Sars Question 5 ‘The value of gravitational constant G depends on 1. the nature of the particle 2. the temperature of the particle 3. medium, 4, none of these Answer none of these Reason — The value of gravitational constant G remains same at all places, and is independent of the nature of particle, temperature, medium, ete. Question 6 The value of Gis — 1.9.8N m? kg? 2.6.7x 10° Nm? kg? 3.6.7x 10 ms? 4.6.7 Ng" Answer 6.7 x 10°7" N m2 kg? Reason —The numerical value of gravitational constant G is — 6.67 x10 Nm? kg? ‘Question 7 ‘The value of gravitational constant G changes with the change in 1. height 2. place 3, distance 4, itremains unchanged Answer itremains unchanged Reason — The value of gravitational constant G remains same at all places, and is independent of height, place, distance, et. Question 8 /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comileamiclass-icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton 6499514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat The gravitational force between two masses is : 1, directly proportional to the product of the masses 2. inversely proportional to the square of the separation between them 3. significant between heavenly bodies, but is insignificant between atomic bodies, 4. all ofthe above Answer all of the above Reason — The gravitational force between two masses is : 1.8 always attractive 2. directly proportional to the product of the masses 3. inversely proportional to the square of the separation between them 4. significant between heavenly bodies, but is insignificant between atomic bodies because of small magnitude of G. Question 9 ‘The force of attraction between two masses each of 1 kg kept at a separation of 1 mis — 1.98N 2.6.7N 3.980 N 4.6.7 x1071N Answer 67x 101N Reason —As we know, mymy and weight of masses = 1 kg each G=67 x10 Nm? kg? ‘Substituting the values in the formula above, we get, (6.7 x10") x1 x1 F z /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comeamiclass-#icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/XvRAetlaws-moton514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat > F=6.7x 10 Hence, the force of attraction = 6.7 x10" N Question 10 ‘The gravitational force of attraction between two bodies of masses 60 kg and 40 kg separated by a distance 10 mis : (where G = 6.7 x 10°"! Nm?kg ) 1.1.60 x 10° N 2,2.8x1071N 3.1.0x 1071 41.6 x1071N Answer 1.60 x 10° N Reason —As we know, mm F=G Given, masses 60 kg and 40 kg, when separation = 10 m, Hence, _ 67x 107% x 60 x 40 17 1.60 x 10-* F F Hence, F = 1.60 x 109 N Question 14 The S11, unit of gis : 1mst 2ms 3.ems coms Answer ms Reason — The acceleration due to gravity is denoted by the letter g Its S.1. unit is ms. Its a vector quantity. /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comeamiclass-#icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/XvRAetlaws-moton514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat Question 12 ‘The relationship between g and Gis, GMm toe gm 262 Re cM Sa= MR? 4G 9 where, 9 = acceleration due to gravity G = gravitational constant m= mass of earth R = radius of earth, Hence, we can say that acceleration due to gravity (g) is directly Proportional to universal gravitational constant (6). Question 13 ‘The value of g on a planet depends on 1. the mass of the planet 2. the radius of the planet 3. both (a) and (b) 4, composition of the planet Answer both (a) and (b) GM PE hence, the value of gon a planet depends con the mass and radius of that planet (or satellite) Reason —As, ‘Question 14 A body is projected vertically upward with an intial velocity u. If acceleration due to gravity is g, the time for which it remains in air, is /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comileamiclass-icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton 67199514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat wg 2.ug 3. 2ulg 4.ul2g Answer 2ulg Reason —At the maximum height, 2 wv = (trom equation v2 2 (rome ‘maximum height = 2gh) time taken by the body to reach the maximum height (t equation u-gt). Hence, the same will be the time it takes to get back to the initial Qu point from the highest point. So, total time of joumey = 2t = g 2u ‘The time for which the body remains in air = 9 Question 15 ‘An object falling freely from rest reaches ground in 2 s. If acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 ms, the velocity of the object on reaching the ground will be — 1.98ms" 2.4.9ms" 3.19.6 ms" 4, Zero Answer 19.6 ms" Reason —As we know, Velocity of the object = g xt Given, /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comileamiclass-3icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton 5893514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat ‘Substituting the values in the formula above, we get, Velocity of the object = 0 + 9,8x2= 19,6 ms Question 16 ‘The body of mass 25 kg is taken from the earth to the moon. If the value of g on moon is 1.6 ms then the weight of the body on moon 1.50N 2.100N 3.40N 4, 60N Answer 40N Reason —As we know, Weight (W) = mass (m) x acceleration due to gravity (a) Given, gon moon = 1,6 ms? Wn ‘Substituting the values, we got, 5 x 1 Wr ON Hence, weight of body on moon = 40 N. Question 17 ‘The relationship between weight and mass is 1.Wem 2.W=me 3.W=mg 4.m=Wg Answer wemg Reason — The weight of the body is related to the mass as follows Weight = mass x acceleration due to gravity or W = mg Question 18 /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comileamiclass-3icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton 69193514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat The S11. unit of weight is kg 2, Joule 3. Newton 4. dyne Answer Newton Reason — The weight of a body is the force with which the earth attracts it. In other words, weight of a body is the force of gravity on it Weight is a vector quantity Its direction is downwards towards the centre of the earth, SS. unit of weight is Newton (N), Question 19 The mass of a body : 4. changes with a change of place 2. changes with direction 3. changes when the velocity of the body is close to the velocity of light 4, none of these Answer ‘changes when the velocity of the body is close to the velocity of light, Reason — The mass of a body increases with its velocity but this ‘change is perceptible only when the velocity of the body v becomes more than 108 ms" reaches close to the speed of light © = (3 x 4108 ms“), so for a body moving with velocity less than 108 ms", its ‘mass is taken to be constant. Exercise 3(E) — Very Short Answer Type Question 1 ‘State Newton's law of gravitation, Answer Newton's law of gravitation states that, the force of attraction acting between two bodies is — () directly proportional to the product of their masses and /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comileamiclass-icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton 70193514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat {i Inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them, This force acts along the line joining the two particles. ‘Question 2 State whether the gravitational force between two masses is attractive or repulsive ? Answer ‘The gravitational force between two masses is always attractive. ‘Question 3 Write an expression for the gravitational force of attraction between two bodies of masses my and mz separated by a distance r. Answer where G is the constant of proportionality known as the gravitational constant. Question 4 How is the gravitational force between two masses affected if the separation between them is doubled ? Answer ‘As we know, mymg If separation between two bodies is doubled then, mym, (ary Hence, a? ‘Therefore, when the separation between the bodies is doubled the gravitational force reduces to one-fourth: Question 5 Define gravitational constant G. /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comeamiclass-icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton 71193514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat Answer The gravitational constant G is numerically equal to the magnitude of attraction between two masses each of 1 kg placed at a separation of tm, Question 6 Write the numerical value of gravitational constant G with its S.1 unit. Answer = 6.67 x 10°" Nm? kg? Question 7 Define the term acceleration due to gravity ? White it's S.1 unit. Answer ‘The rate at which the velocity of a freely falling body increases, is called the acceleration due to gravity. In other words, itis the ‘acceleration produced in a freely falling body due to the gravitational force of attraction of the earth Ws S.1. unit is ms Question 8 Write down the average value of g on the earth's surface, Answer ‘The average value of g on the surface of the earth is 9.8 ms Question 9 How are g and G related 7 Answer AAS we know, cM RP where, 9 acceleration due to gravity G= gravitational constant m= mass of earth R= radius of earth. Hence, we can say that acceleration due to gravity (g) is directly proportional to universal gravitational constant (6). /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comeamiclass-#icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/XvRAetlaws-moton 72183514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat Question 10 A body falls freely under gravity from rest and reaches the ground in time t. Write an expression for the height fallen by the body. Answer As we know, 1 b=@xt+ sat (oxn+5 ot 1 +50? ‘Therefore, maximum height attained by the body = — gt” Question 11 Abody is thrown vertically upwards with an initial velocity u, Write an expression for the maximum height attained by the body, Answer ‘As we know, v= u?-2gh Initial velocity = u Final velocity = 0 ‘Substituting the values inthe formula above we get, 0 =u — 2ghmaz 2ghmaz =u we > hrmas = 55 Hence, Nmax = lence, max = 5 /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comileamiclass-icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat Question 12 State the S.1, units of (a) mass and (b) weight. Answer The S11, unit of mass is kilogram (kg) ‘The S11, unit of weight is newton (N) Question 13 ‘The value of g at the center of the earth is zero. What will be the weight of a body of mass m kg at the center of the earth ? Answer Zero Reason —As we know, weight of @ body of mass m kg = mg Atte center ofthe earth, acceleration due to gravity g= 0 ‘Substituting the value in the formula above we get W=mxo=0 ‘Question 14 Which of the following quantity does not change by change of place of a body — mass or weight 7 Answer Mass of a body is constant and does not change with the change in place whereas weight varies from place to place. Exercise 3(E) — Short Answer Type Question 1 How does the gravitational force of attraction between two masses depend on the distance between them ? Answer ‘The gravitational force of attraction between two masses is, inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the masses. It acts along the line joining the two particles. Fes Question 2 What is the importance of the law of gravitation ? Answer /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comileamiclass-3icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton 74193514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat ‘The importance of the law of gravitation is that Newton used this law to explain, the motion of planets around the sun, the motion of the moon (satellite) around the earth and the motion of a freely falling body. Question 3 What do you understand by the term force due to gravity ? Answer According to the law of gravitation, the earth attracts each object ‘around it, towards its center. The force with which the earth attracts a body is called the force due to gravity on the body, which can be taken to act vertically downwards at the centre of gravity of the body. ‘The force due to gravity on a body of mass m kept on the surface of earth of mass M and radius R, is equal to the force of attraction between the earth and that body. Itis given as — pecM™ > and the numerical value of force due to gravity = 9.8 N. Question 4 Write an expression for the force due to gravity on a body of mass m ‘and explain the meaning of the symbols used in it Answer ‘The force due to gravity 'F’ on a body of mass 'm’ kept on the surface of earth of mass 'M' and radius 'R’ is equal to the force of attraction between the earth and that body. Hence, the expression is Mm F=G Re ‘The value of G remains same at all places and itis Independent of the nature of the particles , temperature, medium, ete. ‘Therefore, itis a universal constant and is known as Universal Gravitational Constant. Question 5 How is the acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the earth related to i's mass and radius ? Answer /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comileamiclass-3icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton 75103514124, 0:49 PM [Chapter 3: Laws of Maton | Selina Solutions Concise Physics Class 9 ICSE | KnowledgeBoat ‘The value of'g' on earth depends on the value of mass and radius of earth, Let, g be the acceleration due to gravity of earth of mass M and radius R, By newton's law of motion, the force due to gravity on a body of mass m on i's surface will be F 1a8s x acceleration due to gravity orF=mg [Equation 1] By Newton's gravitational law, this attractive force is given by [Equation 2] From eqn. 1 and 2.we get, > acceleration due to gravity Re Question 6 Define the terms mass and weight Answer Mass — The mass of a body is the quantity of matter it contains itis @ sealar quantity andi S..unitis kg Weight — The weight of a body is the force with which the earth attracts it. In other words, weight of a body is the force of gravity on it. Weight is a vector quantity. I's direction is downwards towards the centre of the earth, Unit of weight — S.|, unit of weight is newton (N). ‘Question 7 Distinguish between mass and weight. Answer Mass Weight Itis a measure of the quantity of matter itis the force with which the contained in the body, at earth attracts a body. rest. /ntps:nwwknowledgeboat.comileamiclass-3icse-concise-physics-elina/solutons/xvRAetlaws-moton 76193