‫ا‪ #$%‬ى‪ 03 :‬آداب و)(‪ 03+ &'#‬آداب و ‪ 3‬ت أ‪&-./0‬‬ ‫ذ‪ !

:‬ة‬ ‫اد ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫ر ‪2008‬‬

‫‪7 6. 9 '( ( +‬‬ ‫د)‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إذن‪! " :‬‬ ‫@? ا‪ ;<=>$%‬أن ‪ 89‬ر أ‪ 7‬ا‪ 45 6 $%‬ا ‪:45-‬‬
‫‪:3 ?@ ( +‬‬ ‫ب(ا ‪ /f‬ج `‪)&T#^ R‬‬ ‫و‪30‬د‬ ‫ا‪ $%‬ة‪02 :‬‬ ‫ا‪ 6 $%‬ع ا ول‪(& GH 20):‬‬
‫‪ r Cs t‬ا ‪q‬ال أ(‬ ‫ا‪ JKLMNO‬ا ول‪--------------------(PGH 06):‬ا ‪ℤ RS &T#G‬‬
‫‪7 6. 9 '( ( +‬‬ ‫د)‬ ‫ا‬ ‫"!‬ ‫‪= 1428 ، = 2006‬‬ ‫ن‬ ‫دان‬ ‫وَ‬
‫‪∈ℕ‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪=9 +7‬‬ ‫‪ F 8‬ه‪:‬‬ ‫(' ‪9‬‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫‪/1‬أ( ‪ ! " #$‬ا‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪=9 +6+1‬‬ ‫و‪:]F8‬‬ ‫ب("‪ #ّ$‬أن‪≡ −1[9]:‬‬
‫‪= 3(3 ) + 3(2) + 1 = 3(3 + 2) + 1‬‬ ‫و َ ‪678‬ا‪ 5‬ن "‪34‬د‪9 12‬؟ @? ّر إ< ;‪9:‬‬ ‫دان‬ ‫‪ -.(/0‬ا‬
‫‪=3 +2‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫" ‪=3 + 1 : X7‬‬
‫‪9 '( ( +‬؟‬ ‫د)‬ ‫ا‬ ‫‪/2‬أ(‪! " 6. 8‬‬
‫‪1 6. 3 '( ( +‬‬ ‫د)‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إذن‪! " :‬‬
‫‪3 '( ( +‬‬ ‫)‬ ‫ب(ا‪! " E7FCD‬‬
‫ا‪ JKLMNO‬ا ‪-----------------(PGH 05):Rh i‬ا‪ - $%‬ت ا ‪ V‬د &‬
‫‪ U7 ---------‬ا‪---------JKLMNO‬‬
‫('‪!" = 3# + 1:v( wxy ℕ‬‬ ‫‪5P 8‬‬ ‫) "!(‪778‬‬
‫‪= 1428 ، = 2006‬‬ ‫دان ‪ -V-WX‬ن‬ ‫وَ‬
‫‪ !% ،!$ t‬و !‬ ‫‪ /1‬ا‬
‫@? ‪: 9‬‬ ‫‪/1‬أ([‪ R` 45-V‬ا ‪ &T#G‬ا _^(‪ V\] & -‬د‬
‫‪ #ّ$‬ا‪ iz‬ه‬ ‫;• ُ~ ‪ #$ } t‬أ‪{| D‬‬ ‫ن) "!(‬
‫‪ #ّ $"/2‬أ ّ‬
‫أي‪≡ 6[9]:‬‬ ‫‪= 9(158) + 6 : HIJK‬‬
‫}‪(!" )3f€‬‬
‫(' ‪6 6. 9‬‬ ‫د‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إذن‪ ! " :‬ا‬
‫) "!( ‪8‬‬ ‫د‪ … l8 ّ … 2008‬ود ا„‪77ƒ‬‬ ‫نا‬
‫‪ •ّ nz/3‬أ ّ‬
‫ن‪: ≡ − [ ] ،‬‬
‫ب(‪ -.b‬ن أ ّ‬
‫ر‡†‪]7‬؟‬
‫‪: 9 / UV W8‬‬ ‫ن ا ‪PQ‬ق )‪− (−1‬‬
‫‪ #$RُT‬أ ّ‬
‫‪ t‬ا‪6 Š‹Œ‬ع‪& = !$ + !% + ! + ⋯ + !(() :‬‬ ‫‪/4‬أ‬
‫= )‪− (−1‬‬ ‫‪+ 1 = 2007 = 9(223) : HIJK‬‬
‫‪ U7 ---------‬ا‪---------JKLMNO‬‬
‫أي‪− (−1) ≡ 0[9] :‬‬
‫('‪!" = 3# + 1:v( wxy ℕ‬‬ ‫‪5ّ P 8‬‬ ‫) "!(‪778‬‬
‫إذن‪≡ −1[9] :‬‬ ‫‪9 / UV W8‬‬ ‫و" ‪− (−1) : X 7‬‬
‫" ‪: ij • 6 7‬‬ ‫‪ #k/1‬ب ‪ * ،*+‬و *‪:‬‬
‫ن ]‪≡ (−1 + 9)[9‬‬
‫‪ّ \5‬‬ ‫ن ]‪≡ −1[9‬‬
‫‪ّ YZ[(/0‬‬
‫إذن‪!$ = 1 :‬‬ ‫‪!$ = 3(0) + 1 = 0 + 1 = 1‬‬
‫أي‪≡ 8[9] :‬‬
‫إذن‪!% = 4 :‬‬ ‫‪!% = 3(1) + 1 = 3 + 1 = 4‬‬
‫(' ‪8 6. 9‬‬ ‫و‪! " :]F8‬‬
‫إذن‪! = 7 :‬‬ ‫‪! = 3(2) + 1 = 6 + 1 = 7‬‬
‫(' ‪6 6. 9‬‬ ‫و‪! " : HIJK‬‬
‫ن) ‪ 45-V[ n( ُ &pq #k(*,‬أ ‪: lm‬‬
‫‪ ّ -.b/2‬ن أ ّ‬
‫(' ‪9‬‬ ‫ا‬ ‫‪ ! " aQb cd ae‬ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫د`_‬ ‫ا‬
‫د ‪:vq w‬‬ ‫ن ا '‪L‬ق ‪*,- − *,‬‬
‫‪ 4stُu‬أ ّ‬
‫‪678 3fg h5‬ا‪34" #$ 5‬د‪9 12‬‬
‫‪!" = 3# + 1: HIJK‬‬
‫‪:9 ?@ ( +‬‬ ‫‪/2‬أ(ا‪ e9‬د `‪ &T#^ R‬ا ‪ V‬د)‬
‫‪!"-%‬‬ ‫و‪= 3(# + 1) + 1 = 3# + 3 + 1 = 3# + 4:]F8‬‬
‫و‪≡ (−1) [9]:]F8‬‬ ‫‪≡ −1[9]: HIJK‬‬
‫)‪!"-% − !" = (3# + 4) − (3# + 1‬‬ ‫و ]‪:‬‬
‫)‪(1‬‬ ‫‪≡ 1[9]: ij‬‬
‫‪= 3# + 4 − 3# − 1 = 3‬‬
‫)‪(2‬‬ ‫و‪≡ 6[9]: HIJK‬‬
‫;• أ‪3 {| D‬‬ ‫إذن‪778(!" ) :‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫‪ (1) l8‬و )‪≡ (6 + 1)[9] '( -mnj (2‬‬
‫[‪ 45ّ -V‬ا‪ ez‬ه [‪:(*, )=ّ x3‬‬
‫‪+‬‬ ‫أي‪≡ 7[9] :‬‬
‫‪’48 Žّ•\5‬ا‪12‬ة •‪ℕ '( 8 Z‬‬ ‫‪{| n0‬‬ ‫[‪ &pq #k Žّ•YZ‬أ‪3 {| D‬‬

‫‪1‬‬
 : PQR O(S) ، PQR O(S)‫ ب‬#k(‫(أ‬2 :(*, )&- $%‫ ود ا‬7 € ّ 7 2008‫ د‬V ‫ن ا‬
ّ ‫ّ} أ‬G~ ‫ا‬/3
S→-J S→IJ
lim 8(:) = lim (: / ) = −∞ : HIJK 3# + 1 = 2008: ij !" = 2008:“Wb
G→IJ G→IJ
lim 8(:) = lim (: / ) = +∞ :َ ‫و‬ 3# = 2008 − 1:]F8‫و‬
G→-J G→-J
:O′(S)‫ ب‬#k(‫ب‬ 3# = 2007:‫أي‬
$$.
8 (:) = 3: − 3 ،: ÃÄ ‫د‬ ¦° -<‫ أ‬l8 (!(() = 2008) # =
/
= 669 ∈ ℕ:] ‫و‬
:O′(S) ‫درا & إ“ رة‬ (!" ) 77ƒ„‫ … ود ا‬l8 … 2008 :‫إذن‬
3: = 3 :]F8‫ و‬3: − 3 = 0 :½˜ 8 (:) = 0 670 :• .b‫ر‬
: = 1 :] ‫و‬ :0 = *+ + * + * + ⋯ + *11 :‫ ع‬Tƒ„…‫ ب ا‬#k/4
: = −√1 = −1 ‫ أو‬: = √1 = 1 : X 7 " & = !$ + !% + ! + ⋯ + !(()
3 -3
= (669 − 0 + 1) 2 4 5567
: −∞ -1 1 +∞ (.$
= (!$ + !(() ) = 335(1 + 2008)
8′(:) + - + = 335(2009) = 673015
: ∈ ]−∞; −1] ∪ [1; +∞[ -<‫ أ‬l88′(:) ≥ 0 :‫إذن‬ ‫=ات اˆ‡ ود‬xi‰ ‫ ّوال‬Š‹‫ا‬----------(PGH 09):† i ‫ ا‬JKLMNO‫ا‬
: ∈ [−1; 1] -<‫ أ‬l88′(:) ≤ 0 8(:) = : / − 3: :v( wxy ℝ '( 5ّ P 8 ”K‫ دّا‬8
:O š‹‫ ّا‬Š‹‫ ّ=ات ا‬x3[ ‫ › ول‬U™—˜–(•0 š› 8 œX‫ب إ‬6 •8 67 8 ž 8 ”K‫ ّا‬J• -– ƒ„‫™˜— ا‬Fƒ„‫> =<;ا‬
: −∞ -1 1 +∞ (?; A⃗; C⃗)Ÿ r78 8 78
8′(:) + - + 8(−1) ،8(−2)t ‫(ا‬1
8(:) 2 +∞ lim 8(:) ، lim 8(:)t ‫(أ(ا‬2
G→-J G→IJ

−∞ -2 Ž¡‫ ر‬¢‫ أدرس إ‬¤¥ 8′(:)t ‫ب(ا‬

8(1) = (1)/ − 3(1) = 1 − 3 = −2 : 8 ”K‫ ّا‬JK‫ات ا‬3ّ f€} ‫§ّ¦ < ول‬¢(/0

:O(S) = + š‹‫ د‬V$%‫ ا‬ℝ RS U7(‫(أ‬3 8(:) = 0 ”K‫ د‬ƒ„‫ ا‬ℝ ž -…(‫(أ‬3

: / − 3: = 0 :½˜ 8(:) = 0 ‫ث‬ª«¬ ž --‫ا‬6Q ‫ر ا‬6n® “~ ;<= >—˜™Fƒ„‫ن ا‬

ّ ‫ أ‬E7FCD‫ب(ا‬

:(: − 3) = 0 :]F8‫و‬ Ž¯8 ¦° ±²³‫ إ… ا‬#$ } t ~ُ ‫ ط‬b

: − 3 = 0 ‫ أو‬: = 0 :] ‫و‬ FV;<= >—˜™Fƒ„‫ س ا‬º»(∆)µ¶ 7 ·¸ ”K‫ د‬8 t7¹‫(ا‬/0

: = 3 ŞƧُ } : − 3 = 0 0 Ž¼ - 5 ½¾ ‫ ~ ا‬F ‫ا‬

‫؟‬E7FCÀÁ ‫ ذا‬8 (∆)œX‫إ‬ • ";<= > ¿‫ادرس و‬
: = −√3 ‫ أو‬: = √3 : X 7 " ‫و‬
(∆)‫> =<; و‬Â|‫د(أر‬
& = X−√3; 0; √3Y : Ì ”K‫ د‬ƒ„‫ل ا‬ÇÈ… 6ÉÊË :‫إذن‬
---------JKLMNO‫ ا‬U7 ---------
‫ث‬Ÿ w RS U¡‫ ر ا ' ا‬¢£ G ;ZO >œ•~/$%‫ن ا‬
ّ ‫ ج أ‬/f ‫ب(ا‬
M = ℝ = ]−∞; +∞[ ‫ و‬8(:) = : / − 3: : HIJK
: ¤¥ ¦§ ¨©ª‫ ا‬7‫ إ‬45-V[ n( ُ ‫ ط‬GH
Œ•V œX‫ب إ‬6 •8 67 8 ž 8 ”K‫ ّا‬J• -– ƒ„‫™˜— ا‬Fƒ„‫> =<;ا‬
ℝ ž ‫ل‬ÇÈ… ‫ث‬ª«¬ 8(:) = 0 ”K‫ن ¸· د‬
ّ ¬{-
(?; A⃗; C⃗)Ž• • V
‫ ط‬b ‫ث‬ª«¬ ž --‫ا‬6Q ‫ر ا‬6n® “~ ;<= > —˜™Fƒ„‫ن ا‬
ّ ®)
: e‘ ’ V :O(− ) ،O(− )‫ ب‬#k(1
;√3; 0> ‫(؛‬0; 0) ‫;؛‬−√3; 0> ŽÍeÎ‫إ… ا‬
8(−2) = (−2)/ − 3(−2) = −8 + 6 = −2
8(−1) = (−1)/ − 3(−1) = −1 + 3 = 2
2
‫د‬30‫و‬ 02 :‫ ة‬$%‫ا‬ (& GH 20):Rh i ‫ ع ا‬6 $%‫ا‬ & G/ ‫ ا‬/!;ZO >œ•~/$%‫)∆(·¶ س ا‬±²G #³´] š‹‫ د‬V & ¯°(•0
& ‫ د‬V ‫ ت ا‬- $%‫ا‬---------------(‫ ط‬GH 06):‫ ا ول‬JKLMNO‫ا‬ :0 ¤¸(¡ ) ¹º ‫ا‬
-<‫ ا‬l8‫! و‬% = 7‫ول‬Ø ‫ ا‬. nÙ 5P 8 ‫د‬ 778(!" ) [ = 8 (0)(: − 0) + 8(0) :¦§Ñ ‫ ا‬l8 (∆) ”K‫ د‬8
!"-% = 2!" + 1:# ‫ وم‬8 3fg ÛÜ ‫د‬ ¦° 8 (0) = 3(0) − 3 = −3
\ : HIJK
8(0) = (0)/ − 3(0) = 0
!^ ‫! و‬/ ، ! t ‫(أ‬1
(∆): [ = −3: :‫إذن‬
77ƒ„‫ف ا‬P ُ b ،# ‫ وم‬8 3fg ÛÜ ‫د‬ ¦° -<‫ ا‬l8(2
:(∆)»¼‫& إ‬W#½ ;ZO >&-V6‫درا & و‬
_" = !" + 1: ÝY wxy(_" )
:8(:) − [ ‫ق‬PQ ‫ رة ا‬¢‫رس إ‬1Ò
` {| D‫ أ‬#$ } t ~ُ D F. 778 (_" ) ‫ أن‬Ó†Î‫أ‬-‫أ‬
8(:) − [ = (: / − 3:) − (−3:) :
_% ‫ول‬Ø ‫ ا‬. …‫و‬
= : / − 3: + 3: = : /
!" E7FCD‫ ّ ا‬¤¥ # ”Kà 1á _" ‫ ا م‬Þß‫ رة ا‬V t7¹‫ا‬-‫ب‬ : ‫ رة‬¢‫ إ‬l8 8 (:) − [ ‫ق‬PQ ‫ رة ا‬¢‫إ‬
# ”Kà 1á : −∞ 0 +∞
# ”Kà 1á&" t ‫ ا‬،&" = _% + _ + ⋯ +_" :“Wb-‫ج‬ 8(:) − [ - +
&" = 1016 ‫ن‬
ّ ‫· ً أ‬ä # #ّ $ -‫د‬ ¿6 ‫ا‬ “ ;<= > “ ;<= >
---------JKLMNO‫ ا‬U7 --------- † •‫ا‬ (∆) Ónz ;<= > (∆) ‫ق‬65
! =7 (∆) “~
\ % :/" 5ّ P 8 ‫د‬ 778(!" ): ÃÄŠ‹
!"-% = 2!" + 1
:‫ ج‬/f ¾ ‫ا‬
:*b ‫* و‬a ،* ‫ ب‬#k(1
! = 2!% + 1 = 2(7) + 1 = 14 + 1 = 15 0 ”Ö- Q ‫ ~ ذات ا‬F ‫ ا‬ž (∆) ‫ س‬ƒ„‫ق ا‬34ÔÕ ;<= > —˜™Fƒ„‫ا‬
!/ = 2! + 1 = 2(15) + 1 = 30 + 1 = 31 Ì‫> =<; و‬/ ‫ ~ ف‬b‫ ~ ا‬b Ì 0 ”Ö- Q ‫ ~ ذات ا‬F ‫ ا‬:‫إذن‬
!^ = 2!/ + 1 = 2(31) + 1 = 62 + 1 = 63
(8(0) = 0 ‫ن‬
ّ Ø ) ? ~ F‫ا‬
_" = !" + 1: ÝY wxy 5ّ P 8 778(_" )(2
:(∆)‫; و‬ZO >¿m‫د(ر‬
d lm ‫ أ‬45-V[ n( ُ &- /Æ &- (c, ) ‫ن‬
ّ ‫ ت أ‬tÅ‫ا‬-‫أ‬
:c ‫ ا ول‬Æ 7‫و‬ (∆)
y

c,e
:vq w ‫د‬ U¡ ‡ˆ‫ن ا‬
ّ ‫ أ‬4stُu (01‫ط‬
c,
_"-% = !"-% + 1 :]F8‫ "! = "_و‬+ 1: HIJK
2
;<= >
= (2!" + 1) + 1 = 2!" + 2 = 2(!" + 1)
fgeh (3g -%)
= =2
1
:] ‫و‬
fg 3g -%

‫ول‬Ø ‫ ا‬.ّ …‫ = ` و‬2 {| D‫ أ‬D F. 778(_" ) :‫إذن‬

_% = !% + 1 = 7 + 1 = 8 -2 -1 0 1 2 x

(c,- = c, × d) c, š‹¾ ÈÉ c,- n ÇH (02‫ط‬

-1
_"-% = !"-% + 1 :]F8‫ "! = "_و‬+ 1: HIJK
= (2!" + 1) + 1 = 2!" + 2 = 2(!" + 1)
= 2_" -2

_"-% = 2_" :] ‫و‬

‫ول‬Ø ‫ ا‬.ّ …‫ = ` و‬2 {| D‫ أ‬D F. 778(_" ) :‫إذن‬ ‫ ع ا ول‬6 $%‫ ا‬œÀ¸Á‫ا‬

3
 3m ≡ 243[7] _% = !% + 1 = 7 + 1 = 8
3m ! " ، 3m ≡ 5[7] :]F8‫\ و‬
243 ≡ 5[7]
:, š‹¾ ÈÉ c, ‫ م‬V ‫ رة اˆ‡ ا‬W! & ¯°-‫ب‬
5 6. 7 '(
3( ≡ 729[7] _% = 8 ‫ول‬Ø ‫ ا‬.ّ …‫ و‬2 {| D‫ أ‬D F. 778(_" ) :ّ‫ن‬YZ[
3( ! " ، 3( ≡ 1[7] :]F8‫\ و‬
729 ≡ 1[7] _" = 8 × 2"I% : ij • 6 7 " _" = _% × `"I% :ّ‫\ن‬5
1 6. 7 '(
:, š‹¾ ÈÉ *, ‫ ج‬/f ‫ا‬
, †-k 7 ?@ a 1,-b
‫ و‬a :€ ¦§ &T#^ R` 45-V[-2
1,
!" = _" − 1 = 8 × 2"I% − 1 :]F8‫ "! = "_و‬+ 1
:‫ وم‬V =xÎ ÏÐ-WX ‫د‬
:, š‹¾ ÈÉ0, ‫ ب‬#k ،0, = c + c + ⋯ +c,-‫ج‬
3 ≡ 1[7] : HIJK
(
%Ijgkheh
&" = _% + _ + ⋯ + _" = _% 2 7
(‫ وم‬8 3fg ÛÜ ‫د‬ #) (3( )" ≡ 1" [7] :]F8‫و‬ %I g
%Ij

= 82 7
1 6. 7 '( 3(" ! " :‫ إذن‬3(" ≡ 1[7] :] ‫و‬ l
%I
= (1 − 2" )
3 ≡ 1[7]
(" I%
3(" × 3^ ≡ (1 × 4)[7] :]F8‫\ و‬ : HIJK‫و‬ = −8(1 − 2" )
3^ ≡ 4[7]
&" = 8(2" − 1) :‫إذن‬
3("-^ ≡ 4[7] :‫أي‬
:0, = + 1 ‫ن‬
ّ ‫ ً أ‬³Ì , 45-V[-‫د‬
4 6. 7 '( 3("-^ ! " :‫إذن‬
8(2" − 1) = 1016:‫ ه‬F 8 &" = 1016
: 7 ?@ a ++o
&T#^ R` ‫ ج‬/f ‫ا‬
%$%(
2" − 1 = 127:‫أي‬2" − 1 = :]F8‫و‬
2008 = 6(334) + 4 : ij 6 '( 2008 ‫س‬Ø ‫ ا‬Âæ b l
(128 = 2. ‫ن‬
ّ ) 2" = 128 = 2.:] ‫و‬
(# = 334) 2008 = 6# + 4 :‫أي‬
(&. = 1016) # = 7 :‫إذن‬
4 6. 7 '( 3 $$l
! " :‫ إذن‬3 $$l
≡ 4[7] :]F8‫و‬
ℤ RS &T#G ‫ا‬---------------------(PGH 04):Rh i ‫ ا‬JKLMNO‫ا‬
UWG a × a1,-b − × a1, + b ،‫ د‬V ‫ن ا‬
ّ ‫ ن أ‬-.b-3
7 '( 3( ،3m ،3^ ،3/ ،3 l8 ¦° !" t ‫ا‬-1
:, ÏÐ-WX ‫د‬ ¦§ U›‫ أ‬€ 7 ?@ &T#G ‫ا‬
‫د‬ # 7 '( 3("-^ ‫ و‬3(" :l8 ¦° ! " #$ -2
3 × 3("-^ − 2 × 3(" + 4 ≡ (3 × 4 − 2 × 1 + 4)[7] : HIJK
‫ وم‬8 3fg ÛÜ
3 × 3("-^ − 2 × 3(" + 4 ≡ (12 − 2 + 4)[7] :]F8‫و‬
3 × 3("-^ − 2 × 3(" + 4 ≡ 14[7] 7 '( 3 $$l
! " E7FCD‫ا‬
\ :] ‫و‬
14 ≡ 0[7] - 3 × 3("-^ − 2 × 3(" + 4:‫د‬ ‫ أن ا‬#$"-3
3 × 3("-^ − 2 × 3(" + 4 ≡ 0[7] : X 7 " # ÛÜ ‫د‬ ¦° -<‫ أ‬l8 7 '( ‫ا‬
7 '( &T#G ‫ ا‬UWG 3 × 3 ("-^
−2×3 ("
+ 4 :‫إذن‬ ---------JKLMNO‫ ا‬U7 ---------
# ÛÜ ‫د‬ ¦° -<‫ أ‬l8 :7 ?@ a1 ،an ،ab ،aa ،a € ¦§ &T#^ R` ‫ ب‬#k-1
‫=ات اˆ‡ ود‬xi‰ ‫ ّوال‬Š‹‫ا‬----------(‫ ط‬GH 10):† i ‫ ا‬JKLMNO‫ا‬ 3 ≡ 9[7]
'( 3 ! " ، 3 ≡ 2[7] :]F8‫\ و‬ : HIJK
'( 5P 8 8 ”K‫ ّا‬JK 6. -" ƒ„‫§¦ ا‬Ñ ‫ ا‬ž ‫م‬6DPƒ„‫™˜—)<(ا‬Fƒ„‫ا‬ 9 ≡ 2[7]
2 6. 7
½¾ ‫ ~ ا‬F ‫ ا‬FV(<)—˜™F·¸ ‫ س‬º»(∆)َ ‫[ و‬−1; +∞[‫ ل‬Š‹Œ‫ا‬
3/ ≡ 27[7]
2 Ž¼ - 5 '( 3 ! " ، 3/ ≡ 6[7] :]F8‫\ و‬
/
27 ≡ 6[7]
6 6. 7
3^ ≡ 81[7]
'( 3 ^
! " ، 3 ≡ 4[7] :]F8‫\ و‬
^
81 ≡ 4[7]
4 6. 7
4
 [−1; +∞[‫ ل‬Š‹Œ‫(' ا‬ 5P 8 8 ”K‫ ّا‬JK -– ƒ„‫™˜— ا‬Fƒ„‫)<( ا‬
y
(<)
2 Ž¼ - 5 ½¾ ‫ ~ ا‬F ‫ ا‬FV(<)—˜™F·¸ ‫و َ)∆(·¶ س‬ 2

lim 8(:) = +∞ : +∞ /! O & ¤Ó 45ّ ÒÑ(1

G→-J
:[− ; +∞[‫ ل‬ƒ„…‫ @? ا‬O =ّ x3[ ‫ ه‬ez‫ ا‬45-V[ ،&pu pq ‫اءة‬LG
1

،[−1; 1] #$ Š‹Œ‫ ا‬l8 ¦° '( {| ‫ة‬ÈÕ‫ا‬Ö> 8 :‫ ا ن‬l8

[1; 3] ‫ ل‬Š‹Œ‫(' ا‬ {| & ^ / ‫[ و‬3; +∞[
-1 0 1 2 3 4 5x

:O ‫=ات‬x3[ ‫ › ول‬U™ّ—˜– ،&pu pq ‫اءة‬LG

-1

: −1 1 3 +∞
(∆)
-2
8(:) %
+∞
/
I%)
-1
-3
/
% I%)
8(−1) = −6 − =
/ / -4
:ØÙ=Ú ‫ا‬ O š‹‫ا‬Š×] &W /$%‫ رة ا‬WV ‫ ا‬45ّ -V[(2
8% (0) = 1 ≠ −1 : HIJK‫ و‬8(0) = −1 ‫ ا ن‬l8 -5

8% (0) ≠ 8(0) :‫أي‬

8(:) ≠ 8% (:) :‫إذن‬
-6

8/ (3) = −11 ≠ −1 : HIJK‫ و‬8(3) = −1 ‫ ا ن‬l8

•T •; ‫اءة‬P " ¤¥ +∞ FV 8 Ž• lّ Éç(1
8/ (3) ≠ 8(3) :‫أي‬ [−1; +∞[‫ ل‬Š‹Œ‫ (' ا‬8 3ّ f€} ‫ ه‬iz‫ ا‬#$
8(:) ≠ 8/ (:) :‫إذن‬
8 ‫ات‬3f€} ‫§ّ¦ < ول‬¢
8(:) = 8 (:) : -ª«óß‫ا‬
: •éê ‫رات ا‬ ‫ ا‬l8(2
õ nð ö÷‫? آ‬ù3ì} ‫ أي‬- ُ : ô ª«8 %
،8% (:) = : / − 2: + 3: + 1
/
:O š‹‫ا‬Š‹‫ ّ=ات ا‬x3[ & ‫(درا‬3 %
،8 (:) = : / − 2: + 3: − 1
% /
M = [−1; +∞[‫ و‬8 (:) = : / − 2: + 3: − 1: HIJK %
/ 8/ (:) = − : / − 2: + 3: − 1
% /
lim 8 (:) = lim 2 : / 7 = +∞ °1 ë ‫ ّرا ذ‬3ì8 8 ”K‫ا‬J• D Fƒ„‫رة ا‬ ‫ ا‬#ّ $
G→-J G→-J /
%
8 (−1) = (−1)/ − 2(−1) + 3(−1) − 1 َ‫و‬ " ‫ ا‬9}‫اء‬P ‫ و‬9} F Éíî -. 8 ”K‫ا‬JK‫ات ا‬3f€} ‫(ادرس‬3
/
I% I%
= −2−3−1= −6 ‫ ؟‬ï nð
/ /
I%I%l %)
= =− (∆)µ¶ 7 ·¸ ”K‫ د‬8 #ّ $ (4
/ /
: HIJK‫ و‬،[−1; +∞[ '( ‫ ق‬7¢ªû ”Ö" ”K‫ دّا‬8 °2
(<)—˜™F·¸ ‫ ~ ف‬bà ‫ ~ ا‬b ±²³‫ إ… ا‬#ّ $ (5
%
8′(:) = × 3: − 2 × 2: + 3 = : − 4: + 3 ñò‫ا‬34ƒ„‫• ا‬T •; -… ¤¥ ،[ = −1 ”K‫ د‬ƒ„‫ ذو ا‬µ¶ 7 ƒ„‫ ا‬Â|‫(ار‬6
/
:8′(:) ‫ رة‬¢‫ إ‬°3 8(:) < −1:: ÃÄ Þß‫ل ا‬6hŠ‹Œ‫ذات ا‬
: − 4: + 3 = 0 :½˜ 8 (: ) = 0 ”K‫ د‬ƒ„‫(ذي ا‬M)µ¶ 7 ƒ„‫“ ا‬8(<)—˜™Fƒ„‫“ ا‬ } ½¾~ b #$ (7
∆= − 4 r = (−4) − 4(1)(3) : HIJK [ = 3: − 1
= 16 − 12 = 4 > 0
---------JKLMNO‫ ا‬U7 ---------

5
 •(2; 8(2)) Ì ‫ ~ ف‬b‫ ~ ا‬b - (<) :‫إذن‬ ، Éü _`ýù 78 #$ … - } ”K‫ د‬ƒ„‫ا‬
It-√∆ I(I^)-√^ ^- (
1
• 22; − 7 ‫ن‬6 ‫و‬ :% = = = = =3
3 u (%)
ItI√∆ I(I^)I√^ ^I
،€ = − š‹‫ د‬V$%‫ ذو ا‬±²G #$%‫¿ ا‬m‫(ر‬6 : = = = = = 1 َ‫و‬
u (%)

:O(S) < − ،S ÜÝ-G‡ˆ‫ ل ا‬Þƒ„…‫& ذات ا‬ßà‫>=ا‬$%‫ ا‬pu pq U7 : −1 1 3 +∞

—˜™Fƒ„‫ا‬ b U¡‫ ) ا‬Ì pu pq 8(:) < −1 ñò‫ا‬34ƒ„‫ل ا‬ÇÈ… 8′(:) + - +
‫ ء‬F–CD " ،[ = −1 ”K‫ د‬ƒ„‫ ذو ا‬µ¶ 7 ƒ„‫ ا‬Ónz ‫ا‬6 ‫)<( ا‬ 8(:) %
+∞
/
I%)
“ 7‫ا‬ b --‫ا‬65 -1
/
& = [−1; 0[ : ij ،‫ ا ن‬l8 ï nð " ‫ ا‬Ý‫اء‬P ‫ و‬Ý F Éíî þ b
š‹‫ د‬V$%‫)•(ذي ا‬±²G #$%‫ا‬ (Z)œ•~/$%‫ ا‬X G[ ¹º GH 45-V[(7 :(∆)±²G #³´] š‹‫ د‬V 45-V[(4
:€ = aS − : nz(1‫ط‬
‚−1‫ و‬+ ∞‚ ‫ ل‬Š‹Œ‫ ا‬ž 8(:) = [ ”K‫ د‬ƒ„‫ ا‬-nj ]7 ‫ د‬8 ، 2 Ž¼ - 5 ½¾ ‫ ~ ا‬F ‫ ا‬FV(<)—˜™F·¸ ‫)∆(·¶ س‬
%
: / − 2: + 3: − 1 = 3: − 1 :½˜ 8(:) = [ [ = 8 (2)(: − 2) + 8(2) :¦§Ñ ‫ ا‬l8
/
%
: / − 2: = 0 :]F8‫و‬ 8 (2) = 2 − 4(2) + 3 = 4 − 8 + 3 = −1
/ ،v % lI) I% : HIJK
% 8(2) = / (2)/ − 2(2) + 3(2) − 1 = =
: 2 : − 27 = 0 :] ‫و‬ %
/ /
%
%
/
[ = −: + 2 − :] ‫ = [ و‬−1(: − 2) − :]F8‫و‬
: − 2 = 0 ‫ أو‬: = 0 :]F8‫و‬ / /
/ m
(∆): [ = −: + :‫إذن‬
: = 6 ‫ أو‬: = 0 : X 7 " /

،ƒ(0; −1): Éü #$7~ b ž ‫ن‬ :I (M)‫ )<( و‬:‫إذن‬ : D F.(2‫ط‬

„(6; 17) - ، 2 Ž¼ - 5 ½¾ ‫ ~ ا‬F ‫ ا‬FV(<)—˜™F·¸ ‫)∆(·¶ س‬

Rh i ‫ ع ا‬6 $%‫ ا‬œÀ¸Á‫ا‬ :¦§Ñ ‫ ا‬l8 ]7 ‫ د‬8 x(1; )َ ‫ و‬w( ; 1) #$7~ F ‫ا‬
/ /
[= :+
| |k} kh
yz Iy{ I%
= = }
| = }
}k| = }
h = −1
Gz IG{ %I
} } }
[ = −: + :õ mُ} ”K‫ د‬ƒ„‫ا‬
m
(w ∈ (∆) ‫ن‬
ّ Ø) = [~ + :~ = 1 + = :]F8‫و‬
/ /
m
(∆): [ = −: + :‫إذن‬
/
:(Z)œ•~/³´] ‫ ف‬VH¾ ‫ & ا‬GH ¨©ª‫ ا‬7‫ إ‬45ّ -V[(5
8′′(:) = 2: − 4 :]F8‫ و‬8′(:) = : − 4: + 3 : HIJK
^
: = = 2 :]F8‫ و‬2: − 4 = 0 :½˜ 8 (:) = 0
:8′′(:) ‫ رة‬¢‫إ‬
: −1 2 +∞
âّٰäå æçè‫ا‬ 8′′(:) - +
Ž¡‫ ر‬¢‫ إ‬3f€ُ}‫ و‬2 FV ‫ م‬Hé 8′′(:)
}-) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------œÀ¸Á‫ا‬
6