AFGHANISTAN

Who rules afghanistan now?

Taliban are a predominantly Pashtun, Islamic fundamentalist group that
returned to power in Afghanistan in 2021 after waging a twenty-year
insurgency.
Afghanistan is now facing one of the world's worst humanitarian crises.
The Afghan economy has no cash to pay salaries or buy food. Western
aid has been suspended because the Taliban government includes
designated terrorists. And millions of Afghans face acute malnutrition
and starvation in the coming months.
Taliban's supreme leader, Haibatullah Akhundzada
The Taliban are failing to protect Afghanistan's religious minorities from
violence, and are subjecting some groups to persecution. The Taliban
follow an ultraconservative Sunni interpretation of Islam.
After more than a year in power, no foreign nation has officially
recognized the Taliban government, although China, Russia, Pakistan
and Turkmenistan have accredited Taliban diplomats.
India and Afghanistan have a strong relationship based on historical and
cultural links. India has played a significant role in the reconstruction
and rehabilitation of Afghanistan. We believe that democracy and
development are the key instruments to ensure that Afghanistan
becomes a source of regional stability.

POSITIVE OF TALIBAN:
1. Restored law and order: During their previous rule, the Taliban
were known for implementing strict law and order. This helped to
 reduce crime and violence in some areas, particularly in rural
areas.
2. Reduced corruption: The Taliban have claimed to reduce
corruption in government and society, which was a significant
problem in Afghanistan.
3. Improved security: The Taliban have been able to gain control
over many parts of Afghanistan, and this has led to a decrease in
violence in those areas.
4. Reduced opium production: The Taliban have banned opium
production, which has helped to reduce the flow of drugs and
drug-related crime in some areas.
AIM:
The broad contours of the Taliban’s promise were simple: We are devout Muslims
who fight for God and oppose corrupt leaders — whether they are former Afghan
communists, jihadi leaders, or educated technocrats — and we have an alternative
vision for a new Afghanistan. The Taliban’s brilliance has been in their steadfast
refusal to stray from their promise, weathering all kinds of pressures and avoiding
ideological compromise. The remarkable consistency of their ideological objectives
distinguished them from all other Afghan political and Islamic groups.
The Taliban increasingly commercialized their ideology as a social and political
project to bring back “original” Islam to reorganize Afghan society.
First, the Taliban rulers are setting the foundational rules to transform their religious
movement into a permanent ideology: Talibanism. This hybrid code dictates the
Taliban’s worldview, which views society as a competition between godliness and
worldliness.
Talibanism commands that Islam dictate every aspect of daily life and considers
Afghan society insufficiently Islamic and in need of re-Islamization — either by
invitation or coercion. It rejects all forms of republican rule because it follows human
perversion. It makes a clear distinction between its devotees, the mujahideen, and
others — particularly the anti-Taliban Afghans and modernizers — who they consider
hypocrites (munafiqeen)
his jihadi fraternity believes that power is never willingly relinquished and must be
taken by force. To understand their ideological framing, it is instructive to look back
at the historical evolution of Islam, which was presumably spread by the sword. For
that reason, the Taliban’s originalists and their devotees take the centrality of the
proverbial Islamic sword seriously. They consider themselves as soldiers in God’s
army, thus rationalizing their jihadism as virtuous and their violence as righteous.
They believe that the recognition of a Taliban state springs from their own community
of followers and fighters and not foreign states and actors.
Such distinctions have historic roots in early Islamic history, where Arab rulers
described non-Arabs as Ajam, a pejorative expression Muslim rulers used to assert
their Islamic superiority. Talibanism also makes a marked distinction between Islamic
law and man-made laws, deeming the latter immoral because they follow the whims
of corrupt humans. By re-Islamizing Afghan society consistent with the Taliban
founder's promise, Talibanism, therefore, wants to make Afghanistan great again.
Taliban rulers are re-engineering the principles of Afghan nationalism to comport
with Islamic nationalism
The Taliban’s trap of nationalism hinges on their emerging re-Islamization agenda. It
envisions creating a new narrative of Afghan Islam, which involves imposing a
singular Islamic identity in Afghanistan. Along these lines, the Taliban intend to
develop a national security force — including a special unit of martyrdom soldiers —
that can fight and win. The re-Islamization plan also involves reforming the education
curriculum to possibly include introducing a single national curriculum.
https://www.mei.edu/publications/talibans-religious-roadmap-
afghanistan#:~:text=The%20broad%20contours%20of%20the,vision%20for%20a
%20new%20Afghanistan.

HONOR KILLING IN AFGHANISTAN

Baad, the practice of giving away of a girl/woman to
appease a wronged party, remains part of Afghanistan’s
tradition. Any woman/girl who refuses to be subject to
this tradition could also be murdered in the name of
saving her family’s honor.
The Afghan Independent Human Rights Commission raised this alarm in a statement last
October 2012, stating that 60 cases of honor killings were reported in the first six months of
the Afghan calendar alone. This is an average of 10 honor killings a month, excluding the many
more incidents in remote areas that happened without being reported.

Women who escape honor killing are sent to prisons for ‘moral crimes’. The Human Rights
Watch’s report dated March 2012 states that even if official statistics are not publicly available,
its studies and work in three prisons show that there were approximately 400 women and girls
who are imprisoned for “moral crimes”. They comprise about half of all women in
Afghanistan’s prisons and virtually all of the teenage girls in juvenile detention facilities. Many
of these women prefer to remain in prison because they know that once they are released,
they will be killed by relatives as punishment for bringing shame to their families. Elopement
and imprisonment both carries a stigma of immorality that, by tradition, justify honor killing.
Thus, women who run away from home or have stayed in prison stand very slim chance of
having a fresh start in life with their families because they are either subjected to honor killing
or get repudiated by them.

(PP)First, Afghanistan is an “honor and shame society”. Unlike

many societies whose norms are determined by standards of what
is “right and wrong”, Afghanistan’s culture is largely based on what
is “honorable or shameful”. In general, people do not think or
behave according to what is right or wrong, but according to what
will bring honor or shame. In this country, honor is as precious as
life, and when honor is lost (through shame), death is the only thing
that will bring it back. In a paradigm of right and wrong, killing is
altogether wrong. But in a paradigm of honor and shame, killing of
a person who brought shame is honorable, regardless of whether it
is right or wrong. Rape is wrong but in a society of honor and
shame, rape is nothing but shame and those who are perceived to
bring about shame are subjected to honor killing. The paradigm of
honor and shame also explains why instead of killing a rapist who
did wrong to a woman it is the rape victim who is killed. The
shameful consequence is more important than the wrong act that
caused it.
Second, apart from traditions, lack of education among an overwhelming majority of the
people makes them highly receptive to the influence of religious extremists who promote the
ideology of patriarchy and women’s oppression. In a society where women do not have a
voice, they are objectified as material things that could be disposed in exchange for economic,
political, and social gains. Extremist influence distorts the peoples’ notion of what is right and
wrong, especially for women. For example, Afghan women are assumed to consent to forced
marriage. When they do otherwise, they are deemed to bring shame to the family and have to
be killed. Extremism also promotes a perverse perception of what is honorable and what is
shameful. Thus, running away from home is regarded as disgraceful while killing a daughter is
hailed as heroic and honorable.

http://www.wunrn.org/news/2013/05_13/05_06/050613_afghanistan.htm

WOMAN:
The belief that women symbolize the honor of men is deeply rooted in
the Afghan culture. This belief is used to establish women’s
dependency on men and to demean their identity as independent
human beings.
women are introduced as mentally deficient creatures that rob families
of their honors and reputations
women’s freedom spreads prostitution and licentiousness, and is part
of the web of sins that make men fall victim to their temptations and
seductions
There is a vacuum and strange depravity regarding sexuality with
opposite sex in Taliban’s mind that makes them numb to the rape and
sexual abuse of a large number of under-age boys’ in their own
madrassas. Such devious views about sexuality and women show
their debauchery. Unfortunately, this view is prevalent among Taliban
leaders and is the reason why Afghan women are deprived of their
rights to attain education and work.
Gender roles are highly patriarchal and rigidly defined in Afghan
culture. The men are viewed as the main income earners, while
women are seen as the homemakers. Husbands are expected to
provide economically for their wives and children throughout their
lives.
Women are not allowed to use public transport unless they are in
the company of a male relative classed as a mahram. In general,
they are only allowed to leave their house for urgent matters and
have to wear full veils if they do. Women who disobey the dress
code put their male relatives at risk of imprisonment.
In Afghan culture and traditions, prostitution is seen as very
shameful. Sometimes, religious extremists, kill prostitutes. In
some cases, prostitutes get killed by members of their own
family: "Prostitution is in every country that has poverty, and it
exists in Afghanistan.
However, the survey of 2,000 adults pointed to a gulf in attitudes
between men and women.
About two-thirds of men thought women in Afghanistan had too
many rights and that women were too emotional to become
leaders, compared to less than a third of women.
And while nearly three quarters of women said a married woman
should have equal rights with their partner to work outside the
home, only 15 percent of men agreed.

More than half of men also agreed with the statement that “more
rights for women mean that men lose out”.
Barker said investment in girls’ education and empowerment would
“hit a wall if we don’t also worry about the hearts and minds of
men”.
The report’s authors called for action, including education programs
promoting gender equality, work with progressive religious leaders
and support for youth campaigns on the issue.
“Conflict, physical and financial insecurity, and lack of education act
as drivers of harmful gender attitudes and practices in Afghanistan,
and perpetuate the cycles of violence against women in
Afghanistan,” said Najia Nasim, executive director of Women for
Afghan Women.
The civil society group urged more work at a grassroots level to
drive forward gender equality.
most teenage girls were again prevented from returning to
secondary school education, and women were blocked from
working in most sectors outside of health and education. Women
were ordered to wear face coverings in public, and barred from
traveling more than 70 kilometres (40 mi) without a close male
relative.
Why banned of education?
Afghan universities were declared off limits to women because
female students were not following instructions including a proper
dress code, the Taliban's minister for higher education said
Thursday.
They were dressing like they were going to a wedding. Those girls who
were coming to universities from home were also not following
instructions on hijab.
Nadeem also said some science subjects were not suitable for women.
"Engineering, agriculture and some other courses do not match the
dignity and honour of female students and also Afghan culture," he said.
https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/women-banned-from-university-for-not-following-
dress-code-taliban-3630885
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-afghanistan-women-equality-
idUSKCN1PN0TZ
WHY STRICT CLOTHING IS FOLLOWED?
Islamic ideas of modesty are very different from those in the west.
While people in western countries tend to dress to suit themselves,
Afghans dress to convey honor and respect to others. Untidy or
immodestly dressed people proclaim that they do not respect, or care
about, those with whom they work or spend time.
Most Afghans are Muslim and virtually all Afghan women wear a
head covering based on the local interpretation of religious laws.
In public places women are expected to be fully covered,
including their faces. Their bodies, arms and legs must be
concealed by loose clothing, their hair covered with a headscarf
and a veil must cover their face. Men are expected to dress
modestly and should remain sensitive to Islamic culture.
according to the ruling, if a woman does not wear a hijab, the
very first her guardian (father, brother or husband) will be
advised warned. If she found guilty again, her guardian will be
summoned and later if repeated, the guardian will be imprisoned
for three day
The word hijab means veil or barrier, and it is meant to protect
Muslim women from the eyes and lust of the outside world