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cÖvYxi cwiwPwZt Nvmdwos
02
Introduction To Animal: Grasshopper
29 D 30 A 31 A 32 C 33 C 34 A 35 D 36 A 37 A 38 C
39 B 40 D 41 B 42 C 43 B 44 B 45 B 46 B 47 C 48 D
49 C 50 D 51 C 52 C 53 C 54 D 55 C 56 B 57 C 58 B
cÖvYxi cwiwPwZt Nvmdwos Practice Content 9
gv÷vi Bb‡dv kxU Nvmdwos Gi cv ‡K m¨vjUv‡Uvwiqvj cv e‡j|
Nvmdwos Gi AMÖfv‡Mi Uv©Mvg AskwU eo, PIov Ges wcQ‡b I
Nvmdwos cv‡k cÖmvwiZ| G‡K †cÖv‡bvUvg ejv nq|
Nvmdwos Arthropoda c©‡ei Insecta ‡kÖwYfz³ GKwU Nvmdwos Gi e‡ÿi cÖ‡Z¨K As‡k GK‡Rvov K‡i †gvU
mvaviY cÖvbx| Nvmdwos Gi wKQz cÖRvwZ c½cvj bv‡g cwiwPZ| wZb‡Rvov cv i‡q‡Q|
Nvmdwos `yai‡bi h_v-j¤^v A¨v‡›Ubvhy³ Nvmdwos, Giv Nvmdwos Gi cÖwZwU cv 5 As‡k wef³-KK&ªv, †UªvK¨v›Uvi,
Tettinonidae ‡Mv‡Îi Ges Lv‡Uv A¨v‡›Ubvhy³ Nvmdwos Giv wdgvi, wUweqv, Uv©mvm|
Acrididae ‡Mv‡Îi AšÍ©f‚³| Nvmdwos Gi D`i †ek j¤^v, miæ I 11wU LÛ‡K wef³ _v‡K|
c„w_ex‡Z wek nvRvi cÖRvwZi Nvmdwos kbv³ Kiv †M‡Q| 1g LÛ‡Ki cÖwZcv‡k wUg‡cwbK c©`v ev wUg‡cbvg hv kÖeY A½
evsjv‡`‡k G c©hšÍ 20 cÖRvwZi Nvmdwos Gi mÜvb cvIqv ev kÖeY _wj‡K Ave„Z iv‡L|
†M‡Q| Nvmdwos Gi D`‡i 1g †_‡K 8g †`nLÛK c©hšÍ cÖwZwU
Nvmdwos KvBwUb wbwg©Z ewn: K¼vj w`‡q Ave„Z hvi †`n 3wU LÛ‡Ki cv©k^‡`‡k GK‡Rvov K‡i †gvU AvU‡Rvov k^vmiÜ ev
A‡j wef³: g¯ÍK, eÿ I D`i| ¯úvBivKj _v‡K|
Nvmdwos Gi eÿ‡`‡k wZb‡Rvov mwÜhy³ cv I GK‡Rvov Wvbv cyiæl Nvmdwos Gi GKv`k LÛ‡Ki Uv©MvgwU cvqyi Dc‡i mycÖv
_v‡K| A¨vbvj †cøU MVb K‡i|
Nvmdwos Z…Y‡fvRx ev kvKvmx cÖvbx| ¯¿x Nvmdwos Gi beg LÛ‡Ki ÷v©bvg cÖjw¤^Z I iæcvšÍwiZ
Nvmdwos Gi †`‡ni is A‡bKUv nj‡`-meyR ai‡bi A_ev n‡q wWg cvovi A½ IwfcwRUi MVb K‡i|
ev`vgx i‡Oi gv‡S bvbv ai‡bi †dvuUv ev †Wviv- KvUv n‡Z cyiæl Nvmdwos Gi `kg LÛ‡Ki wcQ‡bi w`‡K `ywU A¨vbvj
cv‡i| mviwK _v‡K|
wKQz Nvmdwos Av‡Q D¾¦j bxj-njy` i‡Oi| ‡hgb: cyiæl Nvmdwos Gi beg LÛ‡Ki ÷v©bvg cÖjw¤^Z n‡q
Poekilocerus pictus| mve‡RwbUvj †cøU MVb K‡i hv D³ LÛ‡Ki ‡k‡l we`¨gvb Rbb
Nvmdwos‡qi evwn¨K A½ms¯’vb wQ`ª‡K †X‡K iv‡L|
Nvmdwos Gi mviv‡`n KvBwUbhy³ wKDwUKj G Ave„Z| cÖ‡Z¨K Nvmdwos‡qi †cŠwóKbvwj
†`nLÛ‡K †¯‹¬ivBU bvgK KwVb †cø‡Ui g‡Zv MVb m„wó K‡i| Nvmdwos Gi ‡cŠwóK bvjx‡K wZbwU A‡j fvM Kiv n‡q‡Q|
Nvmdwos †¯‹¬ivBU¸‡jvi ms‡hvM¯’‡j m~Pvi bv‡g cvZjv big h_v: †÷v‡gvwWqvg, †g‡m‡›Uib I †cÖv‡±vwWqvg|
wSwjø‡Z Ave„Z| Nvmdwos Gi µ‡c Lv`¨ wKQz mg‡qi Rb¨ Rgv _v‡K|
Nvmdwos Gi g¯ÍK g~jZ 6wU åbxq LÛ‡Ki mgš^‡q MwVZ| wMRv©‡Wi AšÍ: cÖvPx‡ii KvBwUbgq `ywU `vuZ I QqwU Abyj¤^ fvuR
g¯Í‡Ki ewn: K¼v‡ji bvg †nW K¨vcmyj ev Gwc‡Îvwbqvg hv wb‡q MwVZ Ask| `vu‡Zi wcQ‡b Pzj I 6wU c¨vW _v‡K|
fv‡U©K&ª, †Rbv, d«Ý I K¬vBwcqvm wb‡q MwVZ| wMRv©‡Wi `„p m‡¼vPb cÖmvib Lv`¨‡K P‚©Y K‡i; c¨v‡Wi Pzj¸‡jv
Nvmdwos Gi g¯ÍK GK‡Rvov cyÄvwÿ, wZbwU mijvwÿ ev Lv`¨Kbv‡K †g‡m‡›Ui‡b cÖ‡e‡ki mgq QvuKwbi KvR K‡i Ges
I‡mwj, GK‡Rvov A¨v‡›Ubv I GK †mU gy‡Lvcv½ enb K‡i| KcvwUKv ¸‡jv Lv`¨‡K wecixZ w`‡K Avm‡Z evav †`q|
AmsL¨ IgvwUwWqvi mgš^‡q G‡KKwU cyÄvwÿ MwVZ nq| ‡g‡m‡›Ui‡bi AšÍ: cÖvPxi wKDwUK‡ji cwie©‡Z †cwiUªwdK c©`v
IgvwUwWqvB cyÄvwÿi MVb I Kv‡Ri GKK| bvgK ˆelg¨‡f`¨ c©`v w`‡q Ave„Z|
Nvmdwos Gi `ywU cyÄvwÿi gvSLv‡b wZbwU mijvwÿ ev I‡mwj ‡g‡m‡›Ui‡b 6 †Rvov dvucv, j¤^v †gvPvKvi _wj _v‡K hv M¨vw÷ªK
_v‡K| wmKv ev †ncvwUK wmKv bv‡g cwiwPZ|
I‡mwji Af¨šÍ‡i Av‡jvK ms‡e`x †Kvl _v‡K hviv †iwUbvi ‡cÖv‡±vwWqv‡gi 4wU Ask | h_v: Bwjqvg, †Kvjb, †iKUvg ev
g‡Zv KvR K‡i| gjvkq, cvqywQ`ª|
Nvmdwos‡qi A¨v‡›Ubv †¯‹c, †cwW‡mj I d¬v‡Rjvg G wZbwU Nvmdwos Gi †iKUvg Gi AšÍ: cÖvPx‡i 6wU †iKUvj c¨vwcjv
As‡k wef³| G‡›Ubv bvwo‡q Giv ¯ú©k, Nªvb I kãZi½ Abyfe bvgK Abyj¤^ fu©vR i‡q‡Q|
K‡i| jvjv MÖwÜ Nvmdwos‡qi cÖavb †cŠwóK MÖwš’|
Nvmdwos gy‡Lvcv½‡K Pe©b-Dc‡hvMx ev g¨vwÛey‡jU gy‡Lvcv½ Nvmdwos Gi jvjv MÖwš’, †g‡m‡›Ui‡bi AšÍ:Aveib Ges
e‡j| cvuPwU As‡ki mgš^‡q gy‡Lvcv½ MwVZ -j¨veªvg, g¨vwÛej, †ncvwUK wmKv †cŠwóK MÖwš’ wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
g¨vwK&ªjv, j¨vweqvg I nvB‡cvd¨vwis·| Nvmdwos Gi jvjvi‡m A¨vgvB‡jR, KvBwU‡bR I †mjy‡jR
j¨veªv‡g we`¨gvb LvuRwU Lvevi a‡i ivL‡Z, g¨vwÛe‡ji w`‡K GbRvBg _v‡K hv wewfbœ k©Kiv‡K Av`ª© we‡kølb K‡i|
†V‡j w`‡Z I ¯^v` wb‡Z mvnvh¨ K‡i| Nvmdwos‡qi i³ msenbZš¿
j¨vweqvg g~jZ `ywU L‡Û wef³, h_v: †g›Uvg I mve‡g›Uvg| cÖvbx‡`‡n `yai‡bi i³ msenbZš¿ †`Lv hvq| †hgb: gy³ ev
g¨vwK&ªjvwi cví A¨v‡›Ubv I cv‡qi AMÖfvM cwi®‹v‡i Ask †bq, j¨vKybvi Ges e× msenbZš¿|
Lv`¨e¯‘ niY cÖwZ‡iva K‡i Ges ms‡e`x A½ wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| Arthropoda I Mollusca c‡e©i cÖvwb‡`i †`‡n gy³
j¨vweqvj cví ms‡e`bkxj A½ wn‡m‡e KvR Kivq GwU Dchy³ msenbZš¿ †`Lv hvq|
Lv`¨ wbe©vP‡b mvnvh¨ K‡i| Annelida c‡e©i bbK‡W©U cÖvwb‡`‡n Ges K‡W©U cÖvbx‡Z e×
nvB‡cvd¨vwis· ÿz`ª gvsmj hv j¨veªv‡gi wb‡P Aew¯’Z| i³ msenbZš¿ †`Lv hvq|
Lv`¨e¯‘‡K bvovPvov K‡i jvjvi mv‡_ †gkv‡Z mvnvh¨ KivB Nvmdwos Gi i³ msenbZš¿ wZbwU cÖavb As‡k wef³ -
nvB‡cvd¨vwis· Gi KvR| wn‡gvwmj, wn‡gvwjç I ürhš¿|
Nvmdwos Gi eÿvÂj wZbwU As‡k wef³| h_v-AMÖeÿ, Nvmdwos Gi wn‡gvwmj `ywU AbycÖ¯’ c`©v w`‡q wZbwU cÖ‡Kv‡ô ev
ga¨eÿ Ges cðvreÿ| mvBbv‡m wef³|
Nvmdwos Gi bLi `ywUi gv‡S cvjwfjvm bvgK GKwU AvmÄb Nvmdwos Gi wn‡gvwjç e©Ynxb KviY G‡Z wn‡gv‡Møvweb ev Ab¨
c¨vW _v‡K| †Kvb ai‡bi k^vmiÄK _v‡K bv|
cÖvYxi cwiwPwZt Nvmdwos Practice Content 10
wn‡gvwjç `ywU Dcv`v‡b MwVZ, h_v-wn‡gvwjç im ev cøvRgv
Ges wn‡gvmvBU|
Nvmdwos Gi ürhš¿ bjvKvi Ges 7wU cÖ‡Kvô wewkó| cÖ‡Kvô
¸‡jvi mshy³ ¯’v‡bi Dfq cv‡k GKwU K‡i Aw÷qv bvgK wQ`ª
_v‡K|
Nvmdwos Gi ürh‡š¿i ¯ú›`b cÖwZ wgwb‡U 100-110 evi|
Nvmdwos‡qi mgMÖ †`‡n GKevi i³ cÖevn m¤úbœ n‡Z 30
†_‡K 60 wgwbU mgq jv‡M|
Nvmdwos‡qi k¦mbZš¿
Nvmdwos Gi †`‡ni Dfq cv‡k †gvU `k †Rvov k^vmiÜ ev
¯úvBivKj i‡q‡Q|
Nvmdwos Gi cÖwZwU ¯úvBivKj wW¤^vKvi wQ`ªwewkó Ges
†cwiwUªg bvgK KvBwUb wbwg©Z cÖvPx‡i cwi‡ewóZ _v‡K|
evZv‡mi Pvc n«vm †c‡j wUwbwWqv UªvwKqv‡K Pzc‡m hvIqv †_‡K
iÿv K‡i|
k^vmiÄK bv _vKvq Nvmdwos Gi i³ k¦m‡b †Zgb †Kv‡bv
mvnvh¨ K‡i bv|
Nvmdwos‡qi cÖ_g Pvi †Rvov k^vmi܇K cÖk^vmx k^vmiÜ e‡j|
Nvmdwos Gi †iPbZš¿
Marcello Malpighi bvgK GK BZvjxq wPwKrmK I
RxeweÁvbx m©ecÖ_g 1669 mv‡j g¨vjwcwRqvb bvwjKv Avwe®‹vi
K‡ib|
‡g‡m‡›Uib I Bwjqv‡gi ms‡hvM¯’‡j AmsL¨ (cÖvq 100wU)
myZvi g‡Zv g¨vjwcwRqvb bvwjKv wn‡gvwm‡j we¯Í…Z _v‡K|
Nvmdwos Gi cÖRbb I iæcvšÍi
GKwU ¯¿x-Nvmdwos 10wU ¸‡”Q †gvU 200wU wWg cv‡o| wWg
cvovi ci cyiæl I ¯¿x Dfq NvmdwosB gviv hvq|
Nvmdwos Gi wW¤^vby †m‡›Uªv‡jwm_vj ai‡bi A©_vr Kzmyg †K‡›`ª
mxgve× _v‡K|
m¤ú~©b iæcvšÍi †`Lv hvq ‡gŠgvwQ I cÖRvcwZ‡Z| Gi 4wU avc:
wWg -> jv©fv -> wcDcv -> Bgv‡Mv|
Am¤ú~b© iæcvšÍi †`Lv hvq Nvmdwos I †Zjv‡cvKv‡Z| Gi 4wU
avc: wWg -> wbç -> c~bv©½ -> cÖvbx|
Nvmdwos Gi †`‡n 4 ai‡bi MÖwš’ cvIqv hvq | h_v: 1)
B›Uvi‡mwieªvj MÖwš’‡Kvl 2) †cÖv‡_vivwmK MÖwš’ 3) Ki‡cviv
A¨vjvUv 4) Ki‡cviv KvwW©qvKv|
‡cÖv‡_vivwmK MÖwš’ †_‡K wb:m„Z GKWvBmb ni‡gvb †gvwës
wbqš¿b K‡i|
cÂgevi †Lvjm †gvP‡bi gva¨‡g wbç cwibZ Nvmdwos n‡q
I‡V|
Nvmdwos Gi iæcvšÍi m¤ú~b© n‡Z cÖvq 2 gvm mgq jv‡M|
Nvmdwos GKwj½ cÖvbx| G‡`i ‡hŠb wØiæcZv my¯úó|
Nvmdwos wbç `kvq wn‡gvwm‡j fvmgvb A¨vwgev m`„k wKQz
A¨vwg‡evmvBU †Kvl i³ †_‡K †iPb `ªe¨ msMÖn K‡i
wKDwUK‡ji wb‡P mÂq K‡i|
Nvmdwos Gi cyÄvwÿ (MVb I `k©b)
Av‡jvi ZxeªZv Abymv‡i cyÄvwÿ‡Z `yai‡bi cÖwZwe¤^ m„wó nq|
h_v: †gvRvBK cÖwZwe¤^ Ges mycvicwRkb cÖwZwe¤^|
wµ÷vjvBb †KvY cÖwZmibkxj A½ wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i|
IgvwUwWqv‡g Av‡jv cÖ‡e‡k mvnvh¨ K‡i|
cÖ‡Z¨K cyÄvwÿ cÖvq 2nvRvi lof‚RvKvi IgvwUwWqvg wb‡q
MwVZ|
Nvmdwos w`evPi km¨‡fvRx cÖvYx| w`‡bi D¾¡j Av‡jv I w`‡bi
†k‡l w¯ÍwgZ Av‡jv `ymgqB G‡`i `„wókw³ Kvh©Ki _v‡K|
Kwb©qv‡Rb †Kv‡li ÿib †_‡K Kwb©qv m„wó nq|
‡iwUbyjvi †Kv‡li ÿib †_‡K i¨ve‡Wvg MwVZ nq|
i¨ve‡Wv‡gi gva¨‡gB Nvmdwos Gi cyÄvwÿ‡Z Av‡jv M„nxZ nq|