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CHAPTER 1
GENERAL FORMAT
In this section, the paper and typefaces to be used in thesis writing, how the text can be placed
on the page, line spacing, numbering of pages, chapter and sub-chapter headings are
explained with examples.

1.1. Printing and Paper Quality

Theses must be written on A4 standard (21cm x 29.7 cm), at least 75 gram first pulp white
paper. Printing must be done with black ink on a laser printer and only one side of the page
must be used.

1.2. Text Quality

Times New Roman characters and 12-point font size should be used. The text should be
written using 1.5 line spacing. However, line spacing is not used for block quotations,
bibliographical information, footnotes and table/figure captions.

1.3. Page layout

On the left edge of the page (binding side), a 4 cm wide space should be left for binding. The
margin should be 2.5 cm on the other three edges.
The front pages of the thesis are numbered with small Roman numerals (i, ii, iii, ......) starting
from the approval page to the "Introduction" section at the top right of the page. The thesis
approval page is calculated as (i), but this page is not numbered. The text part starting with
the "Introduction" section and all subsequent sections (including References and Appendices)
should be numbered as "1,2,3, ..." at the top right of the page. Page numbers should be placed
1.5 cm above the first line so as not to overflow the margins.
At the beginning of the page, only the last line of the paragraph continuing from the previous
page or at the end of the page, only the first line of the paragraph continuing on the next page
should not be included. These sections should consist of at least two lines.

1.4. Headings
First degree section headings should be written in CAPITAL LETTERS and centered. In
second-degree sub-section headings, the first letter of each word should be capitalized and the
heading should be aligned on the left side of the page. Third-degree sub-section titles should
only have the first letter capitalized and the title should be aligned to the left of the page. All
section headings should be written in bold.
Section headings should be arranged so that there is a one-line break with the next section and
a two-line break with the previous section. Bullet points and numbering (i, ii, iii, etc.) can be
used when necessary. The following example shows the usage of headings.

CHAPTER 2
SOURCE RESEARCH

Effective teaching and learning is possible with motivated students. Therefore, it is extremely
important for teachers to be equipped with strategies to motivate students and to put them into
practice. There are different approaches to explain motivation. These approaches will be
examined in the following section.

2.1. Theoretical Approaches to Motivation

Theoretical approaches to motivation can be classified as behaviorist, humanist, cognitive and
social learning.

2.2. Behaviorist Approach

Behavior theorists perceive motivation as reward .........................................
............................................................. ....................................................

2.1.1. Sources of behavioral motivation The

source of behavioral motivation is external. ...... ....................................................
...................................................................................................................

2.1.2. Theorists of behavioral motivation The

first name that comes to mind about behavioral motivation is Sapir.......................................
...................................................................................................................

2.3. Humanist Approaches

Humanist approaches emphasize the intrinsic values and desires of human beings in
motivation.
........................................................................................................................................
 CHAPTER 3
THESIS CHAPTERS
3.1. Preliminary Part The
preliminary part consists of the following sections: Inner cover page, approval page, abstract,
acknowledgment page, table of contents, list of tables and list of figures. Each section should
start on a new page.

3.1.1. Binding and outer cover

The outer cover of the thesis is bound in navy blue. On the navy blue binding, the outer cover
text is written in 14-point black font. The content and layout of this cover is shown in Annex
1. On the spine of the thesis, the name of the thesis, the name and surname of the author, and
the year the thesis was accepted are written from top to bottom. If the name of the thesis does
not fit on the spine, appropriate abbreviations may be used.

3.1.2. Blank page A

blank page is left between the outer cover and the inner cover.

3.1.3. Inner cover The

title of the thesis should be as short and concise as possible; however, it should fully reflect
the subject and content of the thesis. The title of the thesis should include the variables used in
the research and the relationships between them.

The text on the inside cover should start approximately 5 cm below the top edge of the page
and be centered according to the center line of the cover and include the information given in
Annex-2.

3.1.4. Approval page

This page, which states that the thesis has been approved by the jury members and the
Graduate School, should be prepared as shown in Appendix-3.

3.1.5. Abstract The

abstract should state the purpose and scope of the thesis, the method(s) used and the
conclusions reached. At the end of the abstract, three to five keywords should be given. The
English version of the abstract should also be given with key words after the abstract. A
sample abstract is given in Annex 4.

3.1.6. Acknowledgements page In

this section, those who contributed directly to the thesis study and those who contributed
indirectly, even if they were not involved in the thesis study, are thanked. See Appendix 5 for
a sample page.

3.1.7. Table of Contents Page The

Table of Contents page is the page where all chapter headings, bibliography and appendices,
if any, in the thesis text, starting from the abstract page, are indicated together with their page
numbers. While the front pages are indicated with small Roman numerals, the "Introduction"
section starts on page 1. All first, second and third degree titles used in the thesis should be
included on the "Table of Contents" page without any changes. See Annex 6 for a sample
page.

3.1.8. List of Tables

Each table should have an appropriate title with numbered numbers. Headings should be
arranged to overlap the table and there should be one line spacing between the heading and
the table. Headings should be centered according to the table.
The title
"LIST OF TABLES" should be written in capital letters and bold, at the top edge of the page
and centered on the page. List items should be aligned on the left margin and page numbers
on the right margin. There should be spaced consecutive dots between the article titles and
page numbers. It should be ensured that the dots are not adjacent to the words and page
numbers. The list of tables should be placed on a new page and should be as in the example
below.
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Preference percentages of 5
subjects..............................................................................
and either 5
 Table 1.1. Preference percentages of the
subjects...........................................................................

Table 2. Distribution and

percentages of participants according to gender, schools and 8
departments.............................................................................................................

or

Table 1.2. Distribution and 8

percentages of participants according to gender, schools and
departments...........................................................................................................

3.1.9. List of figures

Each figure should have an appropriate title with numbered numbers. There should be one
space between the title and the figure. Titles should be centered according to the figure. The
list of figures is prepared like the list of tables.

3.2. Introduction The

introduction is the section where the research problem is presented, previous studies on this
problem are summarized and the purpose of the research is stated. The following questions
should be taken into consideration when writing the introduction:
 What is the significance of this study?
 How do hypotheses help to analyze the research problem?
 What is the contribution of this study to the existing literature?
 On the basis of which logic are the tested hypotheses derived?

At the end of the introduction, there is a short summary and introductions to the rest of the
thesis. The topics to be included in the introduction are given below under subheadings.

3.2.1. Problem In the introduction, the problem should be clearly

stated and placed in an appropriate framework. Sub-problems, if any, should be explained
respectively.
3.2.2. Purpose After the
basic discussions about the research are made in the introduction section of the thesis and the
problem is presented, the purpose of the research should be written. The purpose of the
research is to express how the problem will be solved, that is to say, what is expected as a
result. The purpose of the research is expressed at two different levels. At the first level, the
general purpose of the research is put forward. At the second level, questions to be answered
or hypotheses to be tested in order to realize this general purpose are included.

The purpose of the research should be of a nature to solve the problem posed within the
framework of the assumptions and limitations specified. Below are examples of how the
purpose of a research is expressed: The
purpose of this study is to answer the question
"Is there a difference between the mathematics achievement of
sixth grade students
with different socio-economic characteristics in urban areas?".

Or:
The aim of this study is to answer the question "Is there a difference between the mathematics
achievement of sixth grade students with different socio-economic characteristics in urban
areas?".

whether there is a difference between the mathematics achievement of the students.

3.2.2.1.Hypotheses A
good hypothesis should provide a logical explanation between the variables under
investigation and the explanation should be measurable. A good hypothesis should be
testable. With the help of the data collected, it should be possible to show whether the
hypothesis is confirmed or disconfirmed.

The following hypothesis aims to investigate the relationship between television

advertisements and consumption: "Adolescent boys consume more products advertised on
television than adolescent girls."

A good hypothesis expresses the expected relationship between variables. The variables of
 the above hypothesis (advertisements, gender, adolescents' consumption habits) allow for an
examination of the effects of television advertisements on gender and adolescents'
consumption habits.

3.2.2.2.2. Assumptions
Assumptions are the conditions predicted in the study. For example, in a study measuring
whether a teaching method is more effective, the assumption is that we have a tool that can
measure the effectiveness of this teaching method.

2.2.2.3. Limitations The

limitations of the thesis study should be discussed in detail in the "Recommendations"
section. This section includes the primary limitations related to the problem situation.

3.2.2.4. Definitions
Clarity of terms is of great help in expressing ideas correctly in research. Most of the terms
generally used are open to interpretation. Therefore, such terms need to be defined in a way
that gives the correct meaning.
3.2.3. Significance of the study In
this section the researcher has to justify why the research is necessary and its value. This
section is prepared in the light of the following questions:
 Why is there a need for research on this topic?
 What issues will this research clarify?
 Will the findings of the research shed light on the solution of an important problem?

3.3. Source Research and Theoretical Framework

Before producing a new academic production, the first step is to review what other
researchers have done on the topic that the researcher has identified. Source research is
important in the following respects:
 It helps you build a broad knowledge base about the subject you want to study.
 It gives you the opportunity to support your arguments with testimonies from other
researchers.
 By finding out whether your work has been done before, it allows you to make an original
contribution by making changes to your topic if necessary.
 It helps you write a rich introduction to your report.
 Contributes to supporting the problem.
 It helps to show that you understand the theoretical or conceptual framework on which the
research is based.
 It helps you to identify knowledge gaps identified by other research and show how the
research will fill these gaps.
 It helps you to identify or develop the methods you will use in your research.

3.4. Methodology
In the methodology section of the research, the scientific approach followed in the research is
explained under the following subheadings: The research model, the sample of the research,
the data and its collection, and the analysis techniques to be applied to analyze the data.

3.4.1. Research model In

this section, it is stated with justifications that the problem addressed in the research will be
examined by the method. The research method should be appropriate, clear and
understandable for the purpose of the research. The research topic should show which
variables are addressed, and the method should be of the type that can measure the research
variables most accurately.

Research types are divided into two as descriptive and experimental. Descriptive research is
research that aims to describe a situation. Experimental researches are models in which the
data generated directly under the control of the researcher are analyzed in order to explain the
cause-and-effect relationships between variables.

3.4.2. Sampling method

This section describes the sample used to represent the population that constitutes the study. It
is very important in scientific studies that the characteristics of the participants are given
correctly. The following information should be included in this section:
 Number of subjects,
 How subjects were selected (random vs. randomized),
 Basis of subjects' participation (voluntary, paid, unannounced),
 Demographic characteristics of the subjects (age, gender, education level, socio-economic
status, etc.),
 Subjects who dropped out of the study, if any.

3.4.3. Data collection In

this section, firstly, the method of preparation and the reason for the selection of the data
collection tool used in obtaining the data, if any, and how it was developed should be stated.
If a developed tool is used, its validity and reliability should be explained. The statistical
methodology used to determine the validity and reliability of the data collection tool should
be explained. Data can be collected through questionnaires, various performance and
psychological tests, interviews and observations, or by analyzing documents.

All the steps followed in data collection should be detailed in this section. What the subjects
did, what kind of practices were applied to them, how the data collection tools were used and
how long the data collection process took should be explained.

3.4.4. Analysis method

This section should begin with an introduction to the general process of analyzing and making
understandable the research data. It is here that it should be decided whether to include
samples for which insufficient action or information could not be collected. It is important to
discuss this situation as excluding samples or data that are not
taken into consideration may affect all data related to the research.

The classifications/coding of the data obtained should be explained. These classifications

should be made in accordance with the objectives of the research problem, and the methods
and purposes used in the analysis of the data should be explained so that the collected data
can be understood by others and, if necessary, compared with other data obtained in the same
ways.

If statistical methods are used in analyzing the data, explanations of the statistics should be
given.

3.5. Findings and Interpretations

After processing the data collected in line with the objectives of the research, the data that are
made ready for use in a way to shed light on the problem solution are included in the findings
section.
 The findings should be presented as they were obtained and should not be interpreted. The
interpretation should be presented in a separate paragraph. In the presentation of the findings,
the results found for the solution of the problem should be prioritized, not the expectations
and subjective judgments of the researcher.

In the organization of the findings section, analyzed tables can be presented directly without
including raw data tables. If necessary, raw data tables can be given in the appendices.

Before the analyzed data are quantified and presented in tables, information should be given
about which problem the data are related to and which statistical method was used to analyze
them.

The interpretation section is an important part where the meaning of the findings beyond
numerical values is explained, discussed, interpreted and evaluated.

This section should include the following topics.

 Why the hypothesis is confirmed or rejected,
 The place of the findings obtained from the thesis study in the literature, comparisons with
previous studies and findings,
 Similarities and differences between results, taking into account other research,
 What the research contributes to science,
 How the work contributed to solving the problem,
 Conclusions that can be drawn from the research in terms of theory and practice.

3.6. Conclusion and Recommendations

The conclusion and recommendations section constitutes the last part of the text part of the
thesis. These sections are explained separately below.

3.6.1. Conclusion
This section should include the general results obtained from the thesis study. In a way, the
conclusion section is a more organized presentation of the important parts of the evaluations
in the comments section.

3.6.2. Recommendations In
this section, suggestions can be made or new research can be recommended in the light of the
results and limitations, if any, of the research related to theory and practice. The
recommendations should be based on the research. The purpose of the research, hypotheses,
etc. should be taken into consideration.

3.7. Bibliography
The bibliography section you use to show the sources you use in your thesis consists of a list
of the works you cite in the text. Most of the references should be journals that contain
scientific studies rather than books and current journals.

There are various systems used to indicate sources. Our university uses the APA
bibliography system for thesis writing. APA is based on the author-date system and consists
of two parts: i. Citing references in the text by indicating the author, year of publication and
page number when necessary, ii. A list of references after the thesis text, indicating all sources
cited.

The first part is the part where various examples of how to cite references in the text are
shown. Wherever necessary in the text, you should support your ideas by referring to research
studies.

In the second part, it will be explained in detail how the citations should be included in the
bibliography list.

3.7.1. Citing sources in the text

Single author citation

You can use one of the following methods for citation, using the surname of the author and
the date of publication of the work.

- Kanfer (1990) defines motivation as follows .........

- Motivation can be defined as the processes that influence an individual to choose one of
alternative forms of behavior (Kanfer, 1990).
References to the same author in the same paragraph

If the same author is cited more than once in the same paragraph, the year will not be
indicated after the first citation, only the surname of the author will be given. In such
references made in a new paragraph, the year will be indicated. Example:

Culture is a set of rules and standards shared by the members of a society, which, when
adhered to by the members, leads to behaviors that are appropriate and acceptable in the
society (Haviland, 1992). Cultural structure can be defined as patterns of behavior shared by
human groups. Research has shown that individuals living in the same nation often exhibit
similar behavior patterns (Haviland).

In some societies, individuals prefer to differentiate themselves from others by emphasizing

their individual characteristics, whereas in other societies, individuals may attach importance
to belonging to a group and living in harmony with this group (Haviland, 1992).

Excerpt from a work with two authors

As the examples below show, we separate authors with the word "and".

According to Yıldrım and Ersoy (2003), making the research method simple has advantages.

Or:

Simplifying the research method has advantages (Yıldırım & Ersoy, 2003).

Citing works with three, four and five authors

Give author names in the same order as in the original publication. When citing the same
publication a second time, use the abbreviation "and others" after the first author's name.

- (Küçük, Ersoy, Bulut, & Sert, 1999) for motivation ................................................

............................. Küçük et al. (1999) also make the following observation ...........................
At the end of a sentence, such citations are indicated as follows:

- ......... (Küçük et al., 1999).

Six or more works

Always use the first author's name with "et al.".

- Yıldırım et al. (1987) ......... or ......... (Yıldırım et al., 1987).

In the bibliography, use the surnames and first letters of the first 6 authors' names in the
normal way and then indicate the rest with "and others". An example of this is given in the
bibliography list at the end of the chapter.

Citing an inaccessible source through another source

Sometimes the source you cite may have been used in another work. Below is an example of
this situation:

Lupton (1988, Yılmaz, 2004) has the following approach to motivation .....

The work containing Lupton`s original work was not reached, and Lupton`s views were
reached in Yılmaz`s work in which this work was mentioned. On the bibliography page, only
Yılmaz's name will be mentioned, and Lupton, whom you have not read, will not be included.

Reference to a book prepared for publication by the editor

In this case, the name of the author of the chapter is used in the citation, not the name of the
editor. For example, when a chapter written by "Yılmaz" in a book edited by "Küçük" is cited,
it is cited as follows:

Yılmaz (2000) on this subject ..............

Citing publications by the same author published in the same year

This distinction is made by using the letters a, b, c, etc. after the date. These works are cited in
the bibliography in alphabetical order based on the title of the work. Example:

In the text:

Yılmaz (2005a, 2005b) this opinion ..........

In the bibliography:

Yılmaz (2005a). Motivation. Ankara: Arı.

Yılmaz (2005b). Classroom management and motivation. Ankara: Arı.

Citing multiple publications by the same author

Such publications are cited both in the text and in the bibliography in order of publication
date, starting with the oldest dated publication. Example:

In text:
Yilmaz (2005, 2007) on this theory .......

In the bibliography:
Yılmaz (2005). Classroom management and motivation. Ankara: Arı.
Yılmaz (2007). Motivation theories. Ankara: Arı.

Citing multiple publications by different authors

Multiple publications are given in alphabetical order according to the surname of the author.
A comma (,) is used between author and date. Authors are separated by semicolons (;).
Example:

......... (Çırakoğlu, 1997; Demirutku, 1996; Kökdemir, 1999).

Names of institutions or groups

Institution or group names should be given in full, not abbreviated form, for the first time.
Example:

Turkish Language Association (1997). .........

In the second and subsequent uses, the abbreviated forms of these names are used. Example:
TDK (1997) ....................
Open names are used in the bibliography.

Citation to undated works

In text:
Lightning (bt) in a study at .........

Note: bt = unknown date. The English equivalent is (nd).

Bibliography:
Yildirim, F. (b.t.). Measurement of motivation. Ankara: Arı

Attribution to works without author

(1) If the author is listed as "Anonymous", use "Anonymous" both in the text and in the
bibliography.
Theories of motivation include ..... .......... ....... (Anonymous, 2001).

(2) If this is not the case, use the first words of the cited work with the date of publication as
in the following example.
..................... (Motivation Theory, 2005).

Citation of works in translation

As in the example below, both the original publication date and the date of translation are
used with the author's name.
.............. (Eco, 1986/2007).

Quotations

If the quotation is shorter than 40 words, it should be enclosed in double quotation marks as
shown in the example below. Page numbers should also be given in citations. The page
number is indicated as "p." if referring to one page, and "ss." if referring to more than one
page. Example:

It is possible to define science in various ways. For example, Yıldırım (2001) defines science
as "the attempt to understand the phenomena in our world through description and
explanation" (p. 95).

This quote can also be given in the following form:

Science is defined as "the attempt to understand the phenomena in our world through
description and explanation" (Yıldırım, 2001, p. 95).

If the text to be quoted exceeds 40 words, it should be written as a separate paragraph

without using quotation marks, with block alignment five keys inside. Unlike APA format, no
line spacing should be left in block quotations. There should not be a period after the source
information in parentheses. If a word or words are omitted in the same sentence in the quoted
text, this should be indicated with three dots (...), if some sentences are omitted, this should be
indicated with four dots (....). Example:

Yıldırım (2001) defines science as follows:

Science is the attempt to understand the phenomena of our world through description and
explanation. It includes processes such as describing, identifying, classifying and articulating
phenomena. In explaining science, we need to deal with concepts such as hypothesis, law of
nature, theory, causality and probability principles.... The explanatory aspect of science, on
the other hand, leads us to much wider problems. (s. 95)

Or:
Yıldırım (2001, p. 95) defines science as follows:
Science is the attempt to understand the phenomena of our world through description and
explanation. It includes processes such as describing, identifying, classifying and articulating
phenomena. In explaining science, we need to deal with concepts such as hypothesis, law of
nature, theory, causality and probability principles.... The explanatory aspect of science leads
us to much broader problems.

Quoting from the internet

- Articles prepared in pdf format do not cause problems because they contain page numbers.
Paragraph numbers should be used instead of page numbers in studies written outside of this
format. If it is difficult to determine the paragraph numbers, the paragraph number can be
given with the section title. Example:

Yıldırım (2001, par. 7) ..........

Or:

Yıldırım (2001, conclusion, par. 1) ..........

3.7.2. General rules and explanations

Below are examples of the use of the APA system. These examples are given under different
headings according to
publication types. When preparing the bibliography, the references should be organized
alphabetically according to the surname of the author, not as here. A sample "References"
page can be found at the end of this section.

i. Book
Single author
Author's surname, Author's initials. (Year). Title of the book. Place of Publication: Publisher.
Kazgan, G. (2000). Economic thought. Istanbul: Remzi Bookstore.
Two authors
First author's surname, initials. and Second author's surname, initials. (Year). Title of the
book. Place of Printing: Publisher.
Kökdemir, D. and Demirutku, K. (2000). Academic writing rules. Ankara: Başkent
Publications.

ii. Book chapter

Author's surname, Author's initials. (Year). Title of the chapter. Editor's initials. Editor's
surname (Ed.), Title of the book (page range of the chapter). Place of Publication: Publisher.
Yıldırım, A. and Şimşek, H. (2000). Planning of qualitative research. In
C. Yıldırım (Ed.), Qualitative research methods in social sciences (49-91). Ankara: Seçkin
Publications.

If there is more than one editor:

Yıldırım, A. and Şimşek, H. (2002). Qualitative research. In
C. Yıldırım & M. Baştürk (Eds.), Qualitative research in social sciences (59-71). Ankara:
Seçkin Publications.

iii. Article in periodicals

Author's surname, Author's initials. (Year). Name of the article. Name of the periodical,
volume (number of the periodical), page range.
Işın, G. (2003). War - peace and Alfred Nobel. Pivolka, 1(10), 9-12.

Note: The issue number is only given if that issue of the journal starts on page one.

iv. Newspaper article with author

Author's surname, Author's initials (full publication date). Name of the article. Name of the
newspaper, Page number or page range.
Batur, A. (June 14, 2000). Honor debt paid. Milliyet, 8-9.

v. Newspaper article without author

Title of the article. (Full publication date). Name of the newspaper, page number.
The decision does not affect the election (January 24, 2007). Radikal, 6.

vi. Publications designated as `Anonymous`

Anonymous. (Year). Other information according to the type of source.
Anonymous (2001). Health workers. Ankara: Kurtuluş.

vii. Institution as author Institution Name.

(Year). Other information according to the type of source. Turkish Language Association.
(2007). The influence of Turkish on other languages. Ankara: TDK Publications.

viii. Publications with six or more authors

Use the surnames and initials of the first 6 authors in the normal way, then indicate the rest
with "and other."

First author's surname, first initial, Second author's surname, first initial, Third author's
surname, first initial, Fourth author's surname, first initial, Fifth author's surname, first initial,
Sixth author's surname, first initial, and so on. (Year). Title of the book. Place of publication:
Publisher.
Alev, F., Ersel, H., Sabuncu, Y., Yılmaz, G., Kuru, F., Curacı, P., et al. (2007). Election to
coalition political decision making. Istanbul: Yapı Kredi Publications.

ix. Internet document without author and date

Title of the document (n.d.). Date of receipt, internet address.
Survey use (n.d.). May 8, 2007, http://www.cc.gatech.edu/anket/survey1997-10/

x. Article from a periodical internet publication

Author's surname, Author's initials. (Date of Publication). Title of the article. Name of the
publication, volume (issue), page range. Research Date, internet address
İlbaş, Ç. (March, 2004). Bombers of the cyber world. Pivolka, 3(13), 5-6. September 24,
2004, http://www.elyadal.org/pivolka/13/siber.htm

xi. Journal article retrieved from databases

Author's surname, Author's initials. (Year). Title of the article. Name of the journal, volume
(issue), page range. Date of retrieval, Name of the database.
Ekrem, R. (2004). Motivation and its effects. Journal of Educational Sciences, 19(1), 263-
268. May 30, 2007, Academic database.

xii. Translated works

Author's surname, Author's initials. (Year). Title of the book. (Translator's initials. Translator's
surname, Transl.). Place of Publication: Publisher. (Date of original publication.)
Yalom, I. D. (1998). Short-term group therapy: Principles and techniques. (N. H. Şahin,
Trans.). Ankara: Martı Yayınları. (Original publication date 1983.)

xiii. Thesis
Author's surname, Author's initials. (Year). Title. Unpublished master's/doctoral thesis, Name
of the university.
İpek, C. (2007) Organizational culture and teacher-student relationship in public and private
high schools. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Ankara University Institute of Social
Sciences.

xiv. Conference
Published paper:
Author's surname, Author's initials. (Year). Title of the paper. Editor's initials. Editor's
surname (Ed.), Name of the Conference Book of Proceedings (page range of the chapter).
Place of Publication: Publisher.
Sezer, F. (2007). Informatics and its psychological effects. In
C. Yıldırım (Ed.), 7th Informatics Conference Proceedings Book (34-46). Ankara University:
ANKA

Unpublished paper:
Author's surname, Author's initials (Year, Month). Name of the paper. Name of the
Conference, Place of the Conference.
Sezgin, F. (2005, July). Patient doctor communication. 6th Health Symposium, Ankara
University.

xv. Encyclopedia or dictionary article

 Author's surname, Author's initials. (Year). Title. Name of the encyclopedia (volume, page
range). Place of Publication: Publisher.
Seyidoğlu, H. (1999). Kadro. Economic terms encyclopedic dictionary. (1,304). Istanbul: Can
Publications.

xvi. Film or video

Producer's last name, Producer's initials. (Producer) and Director's last name, Director's
initials. (Director). (Date). Name of the movie [Movie]. Place of Production: Producer.
Akpınar, N. (Producer) and Erdoğan, Y. (Director). (2004). Vizontele Tuba [Movie]. Turkey:
BKM Film.

xvii. Brochure
Name of the organization. (Year). Title of the brochure. (Number of editions) [Brochure].
Author's surname, Author's initials: Author.
Turkish Psychologists Association. (2007). Mitigating the psychological consequences of
earthquake. (4th Edition) [Brochure]. Turkish Psychological Association Earthquake Special
Working Group: Author.

3.7.3. Preparing a bibliography

The purpose of preparing a bibliography is to give the sources related to the information
consulted. Therefore, the bibliography should be prepared carefully. When quoted in the text,
the original source must be cited. All references in the text should be included in the
bibliography and all references in the bibliography should be included in the text.

Preparing a bibliography:
 The title "REFERENCES" appears centered on a new page.
 All references, regardless of type, are prepared in alphabetical order by author's surname.
 Publications without an author are alphabetized according to the title of the work.
 The second and subsequent lines start 5 keys in.
 References are written without line spacing; however, one line spacing is left between
publications. (This rule differs from APA).
 If there are new editions of the book, the number of the second or later edition is indicated in
parentheses after the title of the book (e.g. 2nd edition). A full stop is placed after the
parenthesis. For the first edition, no edition number is given after the title of the book.
 The alphabetical ordering of publications with multiple authors starting with the same author
is based on the name of the second author, and if this is the same, on the name of the third
author. Example:

Alev, F., Ersel, H., Sabuncu, Y., Erdem, T. (2007). Election to coalition political decision
making. Istanbul: Yapı Kredi Publications
. Alev, F., Ersel, H., Sabuncu, Y., Yılmaz, G. (2007). Coalition and governments. Istanbul
: Yapı Kredi Publications.

 If the same author appears in both single-author and multi-author sources, the single-author
source is cited first. Example:

Alev, F. (2007). Election to coalition political decision-making. Istanbul: Yapı Kredi

Publications
. Alev, F., Ersel, H. (2003). Elections and traces. Istanbul: Yapı Kredi Publications.

3.7.4. Sample bibliography

SOURCE

Alev, F., Ersel, H., Sabuncu, Y., Yılmaz, G., Kuru, F., Curacı, P., et al. (2007). From election
to
political decision-making to coalition. Istanbul: Yapı Kredi Publications.
Akpınar, N. (Producer) and Erdoğan, Y. (Director). (2004). Vizontele Tuba [Movie]. Turkey:
BKM Film.

Survey use (n.d.). May 8, 2007, http://www.cc.gatech.edu/anket/survey/

Anonymous. (2001). Health workers. Ankara: Kurtuluş.

Batur, A. (June 14, 2000). Honor debt paid. Milliyet, 8-9.

Ekrem, R. (2004). Motivation and its effects. Journal of Educational Sciences, 19(1), 263-
268.
May 30
, 2007, Academic database.

Işın, G. (2003). War - peace and Alfred Nobel. Pivolka, 1(10), 9-12.

İlbaş, Ç. (March, 2004). Bombers of the cyber world. Pivolka, 3(13), 5-6. September 24,
2004,
http://www.elyadal.org/pivolka/13/siber.htm

İpek, C. (2007) Organizational culture and teacher-student relations in public and private
high schools
ilişkisi. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Ankara University Institute of Social Sciences.

Decision does not affect the election (January 24, 2007). Radikal, 6.

Kazgan, G. (2000). Economic thought. Istanbul: Remzi Kitabevi.

Kökdemir, D. and Demirutku, K. (2000). Academic writing rules.Ankara: Başkent

Publications.

Seyidoğlu, H. (1999). Kadro. Economic terms encyclopedic dictionary. (1,304). Istanbul

: Can Publications.
 Sezer, F. (2007). Informatics and its psychological effects. In C. Yıldırım (Ed.), 7th
Informatics Conference
Book of Proceedings (34-46). Ankara University: ANKA

Sezgin, F. (2005, July). Patient doctor communication. 6th Health Symposium, Ankara
University.

Turkish Language Association. (2007). The effect of Turkish on other languages. Ankara:
TDK Publications.

Yalom, I. D. (1998). Short-term group therapies: Principles and techniques. (N. H. Şahin,
Trans.)
. Ankara: Martı Yayınları. (Original publication date 1983.)

Yıldırım, A. and Şimşek, H. (2000). Planning of qualitative research. In

C. Yıldırım (Ed.), Qualitative research methods in social sciences (68-91). Ankara: Seçkin
Publications.

Yıldırım, A. and Şimşek, H. (2002). Qualitative research. In

C. Yıldırım and M. Baştürk (Eds.), Sosyal
The place of qualitative research in sciences (59-71). Ankara: Seçkin Publications.

3.8. Footnotes and endnotes Any

definitions, comments, additional information, opposing views and issues to be discussed in
more detail in the following chapters can be footnoted, or they can be given as endnotes in a
list at the end of the chapter.

Footnotes are written below this line by drawing the bottom of the page from left to right
until the page reaches half the width of the text. In the text, where it is necessary to make
explanations, numbers starting from 1 are given above the line and explanations are made at
the bottom of the page according to this number order.

If the necessary explanations are to be given in the form of end-of-chapter notes, the
explanations are given a sequence number by going above the line in the relevant place in the
text. Explanations are written in a list at the end of the chapter. For end-of-chapter notes, the
numbering is restarted in each chapter, not on each page.

3.9. Appendices
This section includes lists, surveys, documents and similar sources that cannot be used
because they would disrupt the integrity of the text, but are deemed necessary to be included
in the thesis. If there is more than one appendix in the thesis, they are presented as
"APPENDIX 1", "APPENDIX 2" under the general title of "APPENDICES". The appendices
must be fully indicated on the "Table of Contents" page. Appendices can be indicated in the
text as follows: "See Annex 1 for the questionnaire."
 APPENDICES
ANNEX 1: COVER AND SPINE
 GIRNE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY
GĠRNE AMERĠKAN ÜNĠVERSĠTESĠ
Eng : Graduate School of Social and Applied Sciences
TR: Sosyal ve Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü (18pt)

Eng: Thesis Title

TR: Tez Başlığı (16 pts)

Eng: Ph.D. / Master’s Thesis

TR: Doktora / Yüksek Lisans Tezi (14 pts)

Eng: NAME AND SURNAME (16 pts in CAPITAL)

TR: ÖĞRENCĠ ADI VE SOYADI (16 pts BÜYÜK HARF)

GĠRNE (12 pts)

(Month), 2016 (12 pts)

 ANNEX 2: INNER COVER

Eng:GIRNE AMERICAN UNIVERSITY

TR:GĠRNE AMERĠKAN ÜNĠVERSĠTESĠ
Eng : Graduate School of Social and Applied Sciences
TR: Sosyal ve Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü (18pt)

Eng: Thesis Title

TR: Tez Başlığı (16 pts)

Eng: Ph.D. / Master’s Thesis

TR: Doktora / Yüksek Lisans Tezi (14 pts)

Eng:By
TR: Hazırlayan:
Eng: NAME AND SURNAME (16 pts in CAPITAL)
TR: ÖĞRENCĠ ADI VE SOYADI (16 pts BÜYÜK HARF)

Eng: Supervisor:
TR: Tez Danışmanı:
NAME AND SURNAME (16 Pts in CAPITAL)
ADI ve SOYADI (16pts BÜYÜK HARF)

GĠRNE (12 pts)

(Month), 2016 (12 pts)

 APPENDIX 3: SAMPLE JURY AND INSTITUTE APPROVAL
PAGE
APPENDIX 4: THESIS ABSTRACT SAMPLE

ANNEX 5: ACKNOWLEDGMENT PAGE

APPENDIX 6: TABLE OF CONTENTS