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KAS KADANA TEST - 04 (Modern Indian History) SYNOPSIS (ENGLISH)

1. Under which of the following movements Tilak utilised the newspapers ‘Maratha’ and

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‘Kesari’ for spreading the information

a) Partition of Bengal

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b) Home Rule

c) Anti-Rowlatt Satyagraha
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d) None of the above

Answer : B
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Explanation

In 1916, two Home Rule Leagues came into existence.

1) Under the leadership of Tilak and had Poona as its centre.

D

a. It had its branches in Maharashtra, North Karnataka, Central provinces and Berar
areas.
IN

2) Under the leadership of Annie Besant

a. It had Madras as its centre.

To propagated their ideas during Home rule.

 Tilak brought out the newspapers ‘Maratha’ and ‘Kesari’

 Annie Besant started ‘New India’ and ‘Commonweal’

More information:
  Bal Gangadhar Tilak launched the "Kesari" (Marathi) and "Mahratta" (English) newspapers

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in 1881 as platforms to advocate for social reforms and criticize British rule in India.

 These newspapers played a significant role in raising awareness and mobilizing public

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support for various nationalist movements throughout Tilak's career.

Partition of Bengal:

 4I
The partition of Bengal happened in 1905.

Anti-Rowlatt Satyagraha:
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 This movement occurred in 1919, significantly after the founding of the newspapers. This
answer is incorrect.
D

2. Which among the following statement is correct?

a) Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, Aurobindo Ghose, and Ashwini
Kumar Dutt are Moderates.
IN

b) Surendranath Banarjee, Dadabai Naoroji, Pheroze shah Mehta, Gopalakrishna Gokhale and
M. G. Ranade are Extremists.

c) Surendranath Banarjee, Dadabai Naoroji, Pheroze shah Mehta, are Moderates. Lala Lajpat
Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak and Bipin Chandra Pal are Extremists.

d) Aurobindo Ghose and Ashwini Kumar Dutt are Moderates and Gopalakrishna Gokhale and
M. G. Ranade are Extremists.

Answer : C
Explanation

Famous moderate leaders are Surendranath Banarjee, Dadabai Naoroji, Pheroze shah Mehta,
Gopalakrishna Gokhale and M. G. Ranade.

Famous extremist leaders are Lala Lajpat Rai, Bal Gangadhar Tilak. Bipin Chandra Pal,
Aurobindo Ghose, and Ashwini Kumar Dutt.

Additional notes:

Moderates Extremists

 

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Their social base was zamindars Their social base was educated
and upper-middle classes in middle and lower-middle classes
towns. in towns.

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 They professed loyalty towards  Indian history, cultural
the British crown. heritage and Hindu traditional

 4I
They believed that the political
connections with Britain are in
the interest of India, social,
political and cultural

symbols were their ideological
inspirations.

They believed that political

connections with return would
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interests. perpetuate British exploitation of
India.
 They demanded constitutional
reforms and share for Indians in  They used unconstitutional
the civil services. methods like boycotts and
D

passive resistance to achieve their

 They insisted on the use of objectives and aims.
constitutional methods only.
IN

3. Under which of the following commissions it was told that the purpose of British India
education is “creation of a new class of Indians who are Indian by body but British in
intelligence, opinion and taste”?

a) Charles Wood’s Commission

b) Hunter Educational Commission

c) Macaulay’s Minute on education

 d) Saddler University Commission

Answer : C

Explanation

Downward filtration theory

 educate a small section of upper and middle class

 thereby create a class of persons who were Indians by blood and colour, but English in
tastes, in opinions, in morals and in intellect. Adopted from Macaulay’s Minute on

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education, Hence statement 3 is correct
 In response to Macaulay’s Minute, the government introduced English as the medium of
instruction in schools and colleges.

A
Additional Notes:

 Civil Service in India was introduced in 1854 after the submission of Lord Macaulay’s
4I
Report of the Select Committee of British Parliament.
 In 1800, Lord Cornwallis opened Fort William College in Calcutta to provide education for
the benefit of people aspiring to join Civil Services
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 Lord Cornwallis argued “All the natives of Hindustan are completely corrupt”. As a result,
only lower grade jobs were given to Indians.

 Text from school book

D
IN

 Charles Wood's Despatch (1854): Considered the "Magna Carta of English Education in
India," it laid the foundation for a centralized education system, promoting English at
higher levels and vernacular languages at primary levels.
  Hunter Commission (1882-83): Appointed to review the implementation of Wood's
Despatch, it emphasized vocational and technical education alongside academic pursuits.

 Macaulay's Minute on Education (1835): Advocated for replacing traditional Indian

education with a Western-style system using English as the medium of instruction,
sparking debate and influencing later policies.

 Sadler University Commission (1917-19): Focused on improving university education in

India, recommending the establishment of a central body for oversight and proposing a
10+2+3 school structure (primary, secondary, and higher education).

 William Bentinck appointed Macaulay as the

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o member of Governor General’s Executive Committee.
o Chairperson of the Committee on Education.
 Lord Dalhousie contributions

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o considered Charles Wood’s Commission (1854) suggestions
o established Universities in Calcutta, Bombay and Madras

4I
4. Who controlled the significant trade between India and Europe?

a) Italian and Arab merchants

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b) Chinese and Byzantine merchants

c) Italian and Chinese merchants

d) Chinese and Arab merchants

D
IN

Answer : A

Explanation

Italian merchants controlled the trade in Europe, while Arab merchants controlled the trade in
Asia. Italian merchants would buy Asian goods from Arab merchants in Constantinople and then
sell them to other European countries.

 Text from school book

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5. Choose the correct statement/s about Vasco da Gama.

A
a) He was a Portuguese sailor
b) His voyage to India began from Lisbon
c)
d) 4I
He reached Kappadu in 1498
All of the above
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Answer : D

Explanation

Vasco da Gama set sail from Lisbon, Portugal and reached Kappadu near Calicut on the West
D

coast of India in 1498.

 Text from school book

IN
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A
6. Which viceroy conquered Goa from the Sultan of Bijapur?

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a) Vasco da Gama

b) Francisco de Almeida
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c) Afonso de Albuquerque

d) Castro
D

Answer : C

Explanation
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Afonso de Albuquerque was the Portuguese viceroy who conquered Goa from the Sultan of
Bijapur in 1510.

Additional Notes:

 Vasco da Gama (1460-1524): A Portuguese explorer who led the first European voyage to
India by sea around Africa, opening the way for a Portuguese maritime empire in the
Indian Ocean.
  Francisco de Almeida (1450-1510): The first Portuguese viceroy of India, appointed in
1505. He established Portuguese dominance in the Indian Ocean by defeating the Mamluk
fleet in the Battle of Diu (1509).

 Afonso de Albuquerque (1453-1515): The second Portuguese viceroy of India, appointed

in 1509. He expanded the Portuguese empire in India by conquering Goa (1510) and
Malacca (1511). He also established a strong Portuguese presence in the Persian Gulf.

 João de Castro (1500-1548): The fourth Portuguese viceroy of India, appointed in 1545.
He is best known for his successful defense of Diu against a large Ottoman-Egyptian fleet
in 1546.

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7. Choose the most important factor for the rise of trade between India and Europe.

A
a) The discovery of the New World

b) The development of new maritime technology

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c) The demand for Indian spices in Europe

d) The rise of the Ottoman Empire

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Answer : C

Explanation
D

The demand for Indian spices in Europe was the driving force behind trade between the two
regions.
IN

 Spices were used for food, medicine, and even religious ceremonies in Europe, and they
were in high demand due to their scarcity and unique flavors.

 The discovery of the New World and the rise of the Ottoman Empire both had a
significant impact on trade between India and Europe, but they were not the primary
factors behind the growth of trade during the Middle Ages.

8. Who established the ‘Blue Water Policy’?

a) Vasco da Gama

b) Francisco de Almeida
 c) Alfonso de Albuquerque

d) Filipe de Mascarenhas

Answer : B
Explanation

 Francisco de Almeida was the first Portuguese Viceroy in India. He implemented the
‘Blue Water Policy’ in order to establish Portuguese supremacy over the Indian Ocean.
The other options refer to Portuguese Viceroys who served in India after Almeida.

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 Francisco de Almeida was the first Portuguese viceroy of India, appointed in 1505. This
policy focused on maintaining Portuguese dominance in the Indian Ocean through naval

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power, rather than building extensive land fortifications.

9. Consider the following subjects.

1. Education
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2. Local Self-Government
3. Land Revenue
4. Police
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How many subject(s) given above were treated as " Transferred " subjects after enactment og
government of India act 1919?

a) One subject
b) Two subjects
D

c) Three subjects
d) Four subjects
IN

Answer : B

Explanation

Out of the given subjects, two were treated as "Transferred" subjects after the Government of India
Act of 1919:

1. Local Self-Government: This subject involved the administration of local bodies like
municipalities and panchayats. The Act transferred this responsibility to Indian ministers
accountable to the provincial legislature.
 2. Education: The Act also placed education under the control of Indian ministers, allowing
them to shape educational policies and programs within the province.

The other two subjects remained under the control of the British government:

3. Land Revenue: This subject dealt with the collection of taxes from land, which was
considered crucial for maintaining British financial control over India.

4. Police: Maintaining law and order was another critical aspect of British rule, and the Act
kept the police under the control of the British administration

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More information

A
Reserved subjects Transferred subjects

Law and order

Finance
4I Education

Public Health
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Land revenue Local government

Irrigation Industry

Justice Agriculture, forests, and fisheries

D

Police Excise

Land revenue Public works

IN

10. With reference to educational institutions during colonial rule in India, consider the
following pairs:

Institution Founder

1. Sanskrit College at Benaras — William Jones

2. Calcutta Madarsa — Warren Hastings

3. Fort William College — Arthur Wellesley

 How many pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

a) One pair
b) Two pairs
c) Three pairs
d) None

Answer : B

Explanation

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Two of the given pairs are correctly matched. Here's the breakdown:

A
 Sanskrit College at Benaras - William Jones: Incorrect. This college was actually
established by Jonathan Duncan in 1791, not William Jones.

 Calcutta Madarsa - Warren Hastings: Correct. This institution was founded by Warren


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Hastings in 1781 to train Indians in Islamic law and languages for administrative purposes.

Fort William College - Arthur Wellesley: Correct. Lord Wellesley established this
college in 1800 to train British civil servants in Indian languages and customs.
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Therefore, only the Calcutta Madarsa - Warren Hastings and Fort William College - Arthur
Wellesley pairs are correctly matched. So the answer is (2) Two pairs.

11. Which was NOT a consequence of discovery of India by Vasco da Gama?

D

a) Increased demand for Indian spices in Europe

b) Decline of the Ottoman Empire's influence in the spice trade

IN

c) Emergence of Portugal as a dominant maritime power

d) Introduction of new cultural and technological exchanges

Answer : B

Explanation
 All other options were significant consequences of Vasco da Gama's arrival.While the Ottoman
Empire monopoly weakened due to the new sea route offered by Portugal, still controlled land
routes for spice trade.

12. Which of the following statements about the Portuguese in India is NOT correct?

a) They were the first Europeans to arrive in India by sea.

b) They established a trading empire in India that lasted for over a century.

c) They were the first to introduce Christianity to India.

d) They were the first to build a European-style city in India.

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A
Answer : C

Explanation

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The Portuguese were not the first to introduce Christianity to India. Christianity had been present
in India for centuries before the arrival of the St. Thomas, one of Jesus Christ's twelve apostles,
is said to have brought Christianity to India around 52 AD. The other options are correct
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statements about the arrival of Portuguese in India.

13. Consider the following organisation found during freedom struggle:

1. Calcutta Unitarian Committee

D

2. Tabernacle of New Dispensation

3. Indian Reform Association

IN

Keshab Chandra Sen is associated with how many of the above establishments?

a) One only
b) Two only
c) All of three
d) None

Answer : B

Explanation

Keshab Chandra Sen was associated with the establishment of two of the organizations listed:
  Tabernacle of New Dispensation: Founded in 1866, this organization emerged from a
split within the Brahmo Samaj reform movement led by Sen. He aimed to create a more
inclusive and egalitarian religious community compared to the existing Brahmo Samaj.

 Indian Reform Association: Established in 1870, this organization focused on social

reforms in India, advocating for female education, widow remarriage, and upliftment of
underprivileged communities. Sen played a key role in its foundation and actively
participated in its activities.

However, Sen was not directly involved in the establishment of the other two organizations:

 Calcutta Unitarian Committee: This committee, formed in 1821, predates Sen's

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involvement in social and religious reform movements.

 While Sen was a prominent figure in 19th-century Bengal, his influence was not limited to

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the organizations he founded. He actively participated in various initiatives and debates
surrounding social and religious reforms.

Therefore, the correct answer is (2) Two only.

14.
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Which military commander led army in Second Mysore-Anglo War?

a) Bailiey
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b) Munro

c) Eyre Coote

d) Edmund Burke
D

Answer : C

Explanation
IN

The Second Anglo-Mysore war was started in 1780. In the beginning, Hyder Ali gained upper
hand. He captured many forts of the Carnatic region. Kanchipuram was captured by Hyder Ali.
The Mysore army reached till Coramandal beach. The British officers became worried. Hyder Ali
attacked Arcot and captured it. He also threatened to attack Wandiwash and Vellore. An army was
kept in standby by the British and it was led by Sir Eyre coot.

 Sir Charles Baillie (1743-1822): A British soldier and administrator who served in India
from 1760 to 1802. He played a key role in the Carnatic Wars and held various
administrative positions, including Resident at Lucknow.
  Sir Thomas Munro (1761-1827): A British statesman and administrator who served in
India from 1780 to 1827. He is known for introducing the Ryotwari system of land revenue
settlement in Madras Presidency, emphasizing direct interaction with peasants.

 Sir Eyre Coote (1726-1783): A British military commander who led the British East India
Company forces to victory against the French and their Indian allies in the Carnatic Wars
during the mid-18th century.

 Edmund Burke (1729-1797): An Irish statesman and philosopher who was a vocal critic of
the British East India Company's practices in India. He argued against the company's
monopoly and abuses of power, highlighting the exploitation of Indian people.

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15. Which movement saw the first ever adoption of `Swadeshi’ and ‘Boycott’ as key methods

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of struggle?

a) Agitation against the Partition of Bengal

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b) Home Rule Movement

c) Non-Cooperation Movement
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d) Visit of the Simon Commission to India

Answer : A
D

Explanation

 Agitation against the Partition of Bengal (1905) used different methods like boycott of
IN

British goods and institutions,

 Home Rule Movement (1916-1918) focused on self-governance for India within the British
Empire, not complete economic boycott.

 Both Swadeshi’ (promoting domestically produced goods) and Boycott’ (refusing to use
foreign goods and services) were popularized during the Non-Cooperation Movement.

 Visit of the Simon Commission to India (1928) didn't involve mass movements or
economic boycott strategies.
16. What was the main difference between "Governor of Bengal" and "Governor-General
of Bengal"?

a) The Governor-General had more political power than the Governor of Bengal.

b) The Governor-General was appointed by the British government.

c) Both (1) and (2)

d) None of the above

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Answer : C

Explanation

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The Governor-General held more political power and authority than the Governor of Bengal.
Additionally, after the Regulating Act, the Governor-General was appointed by the British
4I
government, not just by the members of the East India Company̤

Governor of Bengal:
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 Limited authority: Responsible solely for governing the Bengal Presidency, a specific
administrative unit within British India.

 Historical period: Existed from the mid-18th century until 1773.

D

Governor-General of Bengal:

 Wider authority: Initially oversaw the Bengal Presidency but later expanded to
encompass the entire British India territory.
IN

 Historical period: Established in 1773 and remained the highest authority in British India
until 1858, when the title was replaced with "Viceroy."

In essence:

 The Governor of Bengal was a local administrator, while the Governor-General of Bengal
was the supreme head of British administration in India.

17. What was the difference between the Moderates and Extremists?

a) Moderates wanted complete independence, while Extremists favoured partial autonomy.

 b) Moderates believed reforms could happen within the British system, while Extremists
wanted to dismantle it.

c) Moderates supported armed rebellion, while Extremists advocated for peaceful protests.

d) Moderates prioritized swaraj, while Extremists valued social progress over political
freedom.

Answer : B

Explanation

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Apart from option (2) all other were switched between them.

A
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IA
D
IN
 S
A
4I
IA
D
IN

18. In a landmark moment for transportation, the very first railway line in India was built
in 1853, between which cities it ran?

a) Thane and Pune

b) Bombay and Thane

c) Thane and Gandhinagar

d) Calcutta and Delhi

Answer : B
 Explanation

The first train ran between Bombay and Thane, making it a significant milestone in the
development of India's vast railway network, Hence option (2) is correct. Statement (4) cities were
planned but not the first completed.

19. The Mughal Empire, in the 16th and 17th centuries, utilized a unique administrative
system known as the Mansabdari system. This system combined elements of:

a) Land revenue assessment and collection, and general administration

b) Dispute resolution and governance through judicial processes

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c) Military leadership and recruitment, alongside civil responsibilities

A
d) Military and Religious leadership

Answer : C
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Explanation

Military leadership and recruitment, alongside civil responsibilities. Mansabdars held both military
ranks and administrative positions, making this system a blend of these two key elements.
D

The Mansabdari System: A cornerstone of the Mughal Empire's administration and military
structure, implemented by Emperor Akbar in 1571.
IN

Key features:

 Grading system: Officials were assigned ranks called "mansabs," determining their salary,
military obligations, and social status. Higher ranks received larger salaries and
commanded larger contingents of troops.

 Jagir system: Instead of direct cash payments, mansabdars were granted jagirs, or revenue
assignments from specific territories. Mansabdars collected taxes from these jagirs to
maintain themselves and their troops.
  Dual responsibility: Mansabdars held both civil and military roles, promoting a unified
administrative and military structure.

 Flexibility: The system allowed for transfers and promotions based on merit and
performance, ensuring efficiency and loyalty.

20. In mid of 19th century who described the Awadh kingdom as “a cherry that will drop

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into our mouth one day”.

a) Lord Dalhousie

A
b) Bentinck

c) Lord Minto

d) Lytton
4I
IA
Answer : A

Explanation

 In 1851 Governor-General Lord Dalhousie described the kingdom of Awadh as “a cherry

D

that will drop into our mouth one day”.

 In 1856, the Awadh was formally annexed to the British Empire.

IN

21. Choose the WRONG statement about Hunter Commission on Education

a) The Hunter Commission was appointed by Lord Ripon in the year 1882.

b) Pandita Ramabai demanded for women inclusion in the medical field before the
commission

c) Mahatma Jothirao Phule argues that the theory adopted by the government in education as
“utopian” idea.

d) Commission recommended management of primary education is the responsibility of union

Government.
Answer : D

Explanation

The Hunter Commission of 1882 was appointed by Lord Ripon, the then viceroy of India and
presided over by Sir William Hunter Hence statement 1 is correct.

 Major recommendations:

o Preference to literate candidates for government jobs.

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o Primary education management

 District and municipal boards established under Local Self Government

A
Act. Since statement 4 is not correct. This is the answer for WRONG
statement

o Fund management


4I Rural and urban schools fund were separated for reducing misappropriation

Secondary schools were to be established by private parties with funds

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provided by the government.

 Model schools fully run by the government were to be opened in each

district to guide such private schools.
D

o Missionary schools were discouraged

o Special care was supposed to be taken in advancing the education of girls and
women.
IN

 Pandita Ramabai:

o Suggested that the teachers should be trained for their jobs

o Women participation:

 demanded for more women appointed for schools.

 more women in the medical field for some women treatments Hence
statement 2 is correct.

 Mahatma Phule:
  Argues that government adopted that education should go down from the upper classes of
society to the masses is nothing but a “utopian” idea. Hence statement 3 is correct.

22. Which among the following is a WRONG statement

a) Indian Society was founded by Dadabhai Naoroji.

b) Dadabhai Naoroji founded East India Association

c) Poona Sarvajanik Sabha was founded by Mahadev Govind Ranade

d) None is correct

S
Answer : A

A
Explanation

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 In 1865, the London Indian Society was founded by of Dadabhai Naoroji and W.C.
Bonnerjee.
 In 1872, Anand Mohan Bose formed an “Indian Society” in London. Hence
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statement 1 is not correct.
 East India Association was founded by Dadabhai Naoroji in 1866
 Poona Sarvajanik Sabha was founded in 1870 by Mahadev Govind Ranade
D

23. First Indian to succeed Civil Services Recruitment Examination established under
Indian Civil Services Act 1861
a) Rabindranath Tagore
IN

b) M. G. Ranade
c) Satyendranath Tagore
d) Dadabhai Naoroji

Answer : C

Explanation

 In 1864, Shri Satyendra Nath(1842-1914) Tagore succeed in Civil Services Recruitment.

 He’s Elder brother of Rabindranath Tagore and a prominent scientist.

  Made significant contributions to physics and geology.

 Established the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science.

 Advocated for scientific progress and modernization in India.

Additional Information

Rabindranath Tagore (1861-1941):

 A polymath - poet, novelist, composer, playwright, educationist, and social reformer.

 Awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1913, becoming the first non-European recipient.

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 Wrote extensively in Bengali, enriching the language and literature.

 Advocated for educational reforms and criticized British colonialism.

A
 Composed India's national anthem, "Jana Gana Mana."

Mahadev Govind Ranade (1842-1900):


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A social reformer, judge, and scholar.

Advocated for women's education and social equality.

IA
 Founded the "Sarvajanik Sabha," a social reform organization.

 Criticized caste discrimination and promoted religious tolerance.

 Considered one of the pioneers of the Indian independence movement.

D

Dadabhai Naoroji (1825-1917):

 An economist, politician, and journalist.

IN

 Exposed the "drain theory" of British colonialism, arguing that it impoverished India.

 Founded the Indian National Congress in 1885, a key political party in the independence
movement.

 Advocated for self-rule and economic reforms in India.

24. Chose the correct statement about Suez Canal

a) It was built in Egypt

 b) It connect the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea

c) Until the building of Suez Canal, trade between India and Europe happened through the
Cape of Good Hope

d) All of the above

Answer : D

Explanation

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In 1869, a huge canal called Suez Canal. was built in Egypt to connect the Red Sea and the

A
Mediterranean Sea. Until the building of Suez Canal, the sea route discovered by Vasco da Gama
was the route used for trade between India and Europe. The ships had to pass the Cape of Good
Hope, the southernmost tip of Africa, to reach India. Hence all the statements arecorrect.

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The Suez Canal: A 193.3-kilometer (120-mile) waterway connecting the Mediterranean Sea and
the Red Sea, located in Egypt. It is one of the world's most strategically important shipping canals,
allowing vessels to pass between the Atlantic and Indian Oceans without navigating around Africa.
IA
History:

 Construction: Built between 1859 and 1869 by the Suez Canal Company led by Ferdinand
de Lesseps.

 Ownership: Initially owned by the Suez Canal Company, ownership was transferred to the
D

Egyptian government in 1956.

 Significance: Revolutionized maritime trade by significantly reducing travel times and

IN

distances between Europe and Asia.

Impact:

 Economic: The canal has been a major source of revenue for Egypt through tolls and fees
charged to passing ships.

 Geopolitical: The canal holds strategic importance, influencing global trade and
international relations.

 Environmental: Concerns exist about the canal's impact on the local ecosystem, including
salinity changes and disruption of marine life.
25. Which British official described Indian agriculture as“the Indian farmers were born in
debt, lived in debt and died in debt due to the land tax policies of the British”.

a) Lord Cornwallis

b) Charles Metcalf

c) Willium Bentinck

d) Lord Lytton

Answer : B

S
Explanation

A
 Lord Cornwallis implemented a new land tax policy in Bengal during 1793 in order to
generate steady revenue annually. This was called Permanent Zamindari System.
 This system created a new social group that aided the British. The farmers, the farming


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labourers suffered due to irregular working opportunities in the farming lands. They were
exploited and had to lead a life of insecurity.
This system was extended to Bihar, Odissa, Andhra and Varanasi regions later. According
to
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 Charles Metcalf, “the Indian farmers were born in debt, lived in debt and died in debt due
to the land tax policies of the British”. Hence statement 4 is correct.
D

26. Choose the CORRECT statement about Land Taxes Policies

a) Alexander Reed implemented Permanent Zamindari System

IN

b) R.M. Bird and James Thompson implemented Mahalwari System

c) Lord Cornwallis implemented Ryotwari System

d) None of the above

Answer : B

Explanation
  Lord Cornwallis implemented a new land tax policy known as Permanent Zamindari
System in Bengal during 1793. Hence option 1 is not correct
 Mahalwari System: Mahal’ means taluk.
o The Company government entered into an agreement at the level of ‘Mahals’ with
regard to payment of land tax
o Implanted at Uttar Pradesh, in many parts of Madhya Pradesh, Punjab and Delhi.
o R.M. Bird and James Thompson implemented this system. Hence option 2 is
correct
 Ryotwari System was first implemented in Baramahal region by Alexander Reed in
1792. Hence statement 3 is not correct

S
Which act declared that “the Indians have attained their paramount power in the name

A
27.
of the British Empire only, but not on their own”

a) Regulating Act 1773

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b) Pitts India Act 1784

c) Charter Act of 1813

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d) Indian Government Act 1858

Answer : B
D

Explanation
IN

Emergence of England as ultimate ruler of India:

 Pitts India Act 1784 declared that “the Indians have attained their paramount power in the
name of the British Empire only, but not on their own” Hence statement 2 is correct

 Curtailed the Political Rights of Indians conclusively.

 It declared possession of the East India Company as integral part of the British Empire.

Additional notes

 Pitts India Act was implemented to outline the powers of the East India Company and the
British Government
  ‘Board of Controllers’ consisting of six Commissioners replaced the ‘Board of Directors’

28. Who started the newspaper ‘Samvada Kaumudi’.

a) Dayananda Saraswati

b) Joytiba Phule

c) Vivekananda

d) Ram Mohan Roy

S
Answer : D

A
Explanation

4I
Ram Mohan Roystarted a newspaper in Bengali called ‘Samvada Kaumudi’.

Dayananda Saraswati (1824-1883):

IA
 Founder of the Arya Samaj, a Hindu reform movement promoting monotheism, social
equality, and Vedic ideals.

 Advocated for women's education and criticized caste discrimination and idol worship.
D

 Emphasized the importance of critical thinking and individual interpretation of religious

texts.

Jyotiba Phule (1827-1890):

IN

 A pioneering social reformer and advocate for the rights of marginalized

communities, particularly women and Dalits (untouchables).

 Established schools for girls and campaigned against child marriage and caste-based
discrimination.

 Founded the Satyashodhak Samaj, a social reform organization promoting

education, reason, and social justice.

Swami Vivekananda (1863-1902):

  A Hindu monk and philosopher who introduced Hinduism to the West at the 1893 World
Parliament of Religions in Chicago.

 Emphasized the universality of religious truths and the importance of service to humanity.

 Founded the Ramakrishna Mission, a global organization dedicated to spiritual and social
work.

Ram Mohan Roy (1772-1833):

 A key figure in the Bengal Renaissance, advocating for social and religious reforms.

 Founded the Brahmo Samaj, a monotheistic reform movement opposing idol worship and

S
advocating for widow remarriage.

 Championed Western education and campaigned against social evils like sati (widow

A
burning).

29. 4I
Who brought “Domestic Papers Control Act’?

a) Partition of Bengal
IA
b) Lord Rippon

c) Lord Lytton

d) None of the above

D

Answer : C
IN

Explanation

Lord Lytton:

 He brought in ‘Domestic Papers Control Act’ in 1878Hence option 3 is correct

 To exercise control over the Indian publications

Lord Rippon

 He brought in ‘Ilbert Bill’ to bring in uniformity in the judicial system.

30. Choose the correct statement on ‘Indian National Congress’.

 a) Established in 1881 by A.O.Hume

b) It published papers in English language only

c) Both (1) and (2)

d) None of the above

Answer : A

Explanation

S
INC

 Established in the year 1885,Hence statement 1 is not correct

A
o By a retired English officer, A.O.Hume

 It worked towards creating political awareness and nationalist attitude

31.

4I
It published papers in the local languages Hence statement 2 is not correct

Which of the following approaches was NOT likely employed by Indian revolutionaries
IA
in their fight for independence?

a) Armed uprisings and assassinations

b) Boycott of British goods and institutions

D

c) Formation of underground networks and secret societies

d) Participation in constitutional reforms and petitions

IN

Answer : D

Explanation

Although some revolutionaries advocated for participation in the legislative councils, most focused
on more radical methods.

32. Who was the founder of Anusheelan Samithi and Abhinava Bharata in London?

a) Shyamji Krishna Varma and VD Savarkar

 b) Shyamji Krishna Varma and Bal Gangadhar Tilak

c) Aurobindo Ghosh and Bal Gangadhar Tilak

d) Aurobindo Ghosh and VD Savarkar

Answer : A

Explanation

 Shyamji Krishna Varma founded Anusheelana Samithi in 1894 in London.

S
 VD Savarkar founded Abhinava Bharata in 1904 in London.

A
33. Consider the following personalities during freedom struggle
1. Dadabhai Naoroji
2. G.Subramania Iyer
3. R.C. Dutt

a) One only
4I
How many of the above was/were economic critic/critics of colonialism in India?
IA
b) Two only
c) All of three
d) None
D

Answer : C

Explanation
IN

Dadabhai Naoroji, G. Subramania Iyer, and R.C. Dutt were all prominent figures who
emerged as economic critics of colonialism in India during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
They played a crucial role in exposing the negative economic consequences of British rule and
advocating for economic reforms.

Here's a brief overview of their contributions:

 Dadabhai Naoroji: He is known for his "drain theory," which argued that British policies
led to the transfer of wealth from India to Britain, hindering India's economic development.
  G. Subramania Iyer: He focused on analyzing the impact of colonial policies on Indian
agriculture and industries, highlighting the exploitation of Indian resources and the decline
of traditional industries.

 R.C. Dutt: He conducted extensive research on the economic history of

India, demonstrating how British policies like deindustrialization and land revenue systems
hampered economic growth and caused widespread poverty.

Their critiques not only challenged the prevailing economic narrative but also inspired and
informed the nationalist movement's economic agenda. They emphasized the need for self-
reliance, industrial development, and fairer economic policies to achieve true freedom for India.

Who published book titled ‘Vartaman Rananiti’?

S
34.

a) VD Savarkar

A
b) Shyamji Krishna Varma

c) Aurobindo Ghosh
4I
d) Barinder Kumar Ghosh
IA
Answer : C

Explanation

 Aurobindo Ghosh published a book ‘Vartaman Rananiti’ in which he proposed military

D

training and skills of warfare. Hence statement 3 is correct

 Even Barinder Kumar Ghosh expressed the same views in his daily ‘Yugantar’.
IN

35. What method did Gandhiji use to fight against the British in South Africa?

a) Armed rebellion and violence.

b) Political lobbying and negotiations.

c) Boycotts, strikes, and civil disobedience.

d) Writing letters and petitions to the British authorities.

Answer : C
 Explanation

The British who were ruling South Africa, practised apartheid and discriminated mainly against
Africans and Indians.

Gandhiji brought together the people who were discriminated in south aftrica, and carried out
agitations and protests against the British in a peaceful, non-violent manner.

36. Which statement best captures the essence of Gandhiji's concept of Satyagraha?

a) It was a form of passive resistance aimed at achieving political goals through non-violent
means.

S
b) It emphasized self-suffering as a tool to expose the oppressor's injustice and awaken their
conscience.

A
c) It prioritized personal moral purity and non-violence over strategic political objectives.

d) It aimed to achieve social and political change through mass mobilization and direct
4I
confrontation with authorities.
IA
Answer : B

Explanation

While all options contain aspects of Satyagraha, option (2) best captures its core principle of using
D

self-suffering and non-violent resistance to expose the injustice of the oppressor and ultimately
bring about positive change.

37. Which of the following was NOT a key feature of the "Non-Cooperation Movement"
IN

launched by Gandhiji in 1920?

a) Boycott of British goods and institutions like schools and courts.

b) Encouragement of domestic industries and production of Swadeshi goods.

c) Resignation from government jobs and withdrawal from participation in elections.

d) Organization of armed strikes and violent demonstrations against British rule.

Answer : D
 Explanation

Non-Cooperation Movement from other forms of resistance employed by Gandhiji, emphasizing

its emphasis on non-violent withdrawal from British institutions and promotion of self-reliance.

38. What was the primary purpose of establishing the "Tilak Swarajya Fund" by the INC
during the Gandhian era?

a) To provide financial support to families of imprisoned revolutionaries.

b) To fund armed uprisings and rebellions against British authorities.

c) To promote education, sanitation, and other social welfare projects across India.

S
d) To bribe British officials and secure favourable political concessions.

A
Answer : C

Explanation 4I
Option (3) accurately reflects the fund's role in supporting social upliftment and development
IA
initiatives, showcasing the Gandhian focus on constructive programs alongside political resistance.

39. Consider the following statements.

1. It recommended a federal government.
2. It enlarged the powers of the Indian courts.
3. It provided for more Indians in the ICS.
D

How many of the above statements was/were correct with reference to the Cabinet Mission?
IN

a) One only
b) Two only
c) All of three
d) None

Answer : B

Explanation

Out of the given statements, two were correct with reference to the Cabinet Mission:
 1. It recommended a federal government: The Cabinet Mission did indeed propose a
federal structure for independent India, with a weak center and substantial autonomy for
the provinces. This was aimed at addressing concerns about minority groups, particularly
Muslims, who desired some level of self-governance.

2. It provided for more Indians in the ICS: The plan also envisaged increasing the number
of Indians in the Indian Civil Service (ICS), the administrative arm of the British Raj. This
aimed to gradually Indianize the administration in preparation for self-government.

However, the statement regarding enlarging the powers of Indian courts is incorrect:

3. It enlarged the powers of the Indian courts: The Cabinet Mission's proposals did not

S
focus on expanding the judicial system or altering the existing power dynamics within the
courts.

A
Therefore, the correct answer is (2) Two only.

40. Which statement accurately reflects the consequence of the Hunter Commission inquiry?

4I
a) It led to the dismissal and punishment of General Dyer.

b) It significantly improved Anglo-Indian relations.

IA
c) It exposed the brutality of the British Raj and fuelled Indian nationalism.

d) It had no significant impact on the political climate in India.

D

Answer : C

Explanation
IN

While the Hunter Commission did criticize Dyer's actions, he faced only a minor reprimand,
which further angered the Indian public. Hence statement 1 is not correct

The Commission's report, however, highlighted the atrocities committed, solidifying anti-colonial
sentiment and contributing to the rise of the Indian independence movement. Option (3) is the
most accurate.

41. What were the key strategies employed by the Khilafat movement?

a) Armed rebellion and guerilla warfare against the British

b) Boycotts of British goods, strikes, and non-violent protests

 c) Diplomatic negotiations with the British and lobbying in the British parliament

d) All of the above

Answer : B

Explanation

The Khilafat movement primarily employed non-violent strategies like boycotts of British goods,
strikes, and mass demonstrations. While some radical elements advocated for armed rebellion,
Gandhi's leadership emphasized non-violent civil disobedience.

S
A
42. Consider the following statements.
1. To disclaim any intention to annex Indian States.
2. To place the Indian administration under the British Crown.
4I
3. To regulate East India Company’s trade with India.

How many of the above was/were the object/objects of Queen Victoria’s Proclamation (1858)?

a) One only
IA
b) Two only
c) All of three
d) None
D

Answer : B

Explanation
IN

 1. To disclaim any intention to annex Indian States: This statement is correct. The
proclamation aimed to reassure Indian rulers that the British had no plans to seize their
territories directly. This was an attempt to quell anxieties and gain support after the Sepoy
Mutiny of 1857.

 2. To place the Indian administration under the British Crown: This statement is
also correct. The Government of India Act of 1858, which followed the
proclamation, formally transferred the governance of India from the East India Company to
the British Crown. This marked a significant shift in British rule in India.

 3. To regulate East India Company’s trade with India: This statement is incorrect. It
was granted in first charter The Regulating Act 1773.
 More information:

Queen Victoria’s proclamation:

 The Proclamation was drafted by Lord Derby as per the instruction of Queen Victoria.
 Theproclamation outlined the relation of the British Government with Indian Princes and
thepeople.

Objectives of the proclamation:

 The main objectives was to announce British Government’s motive towards Indian
Princesand its people

S
A
 The proclamation's primary focus was not on regulating the East India Company's trade
activities. While the company's political power ended, its commercial operations continued
for some time under the new administrative structure.

Major Provisions 4I
1. The Proclamation announced that the Treaties and engagement made by the British East
India Company will be accepted by the British Government and will bemaintained
IA
properly.
2. The Proclamation assured that there will be no further extension of territories in India.
3. It Assured no aggression and encroachment on any Indian territories in near future.
4. It announced that the dignity, rights, and honor of the native princes will be treated as their
D

own.
5. The policy of Doctrine of Lapse was abolished.
6. The Proclamation promised non-interference in the religious affairs of Indians.
IN

7. It also assured that every eligible Indian will be incorporated in various responsible
government posts.
8. The proclamation granted amnesty to all the rebels, except those who had assassinated
British subject at the time of mutiny.

Therefore, only the first two statements accurately reflect the objectives of Queen Victoria's
Proclamation of 1858. It aimed to address the immediate concerns arising from the Sepoy Mutiny
by assuring Indian rulers and consolidating British control over the administration.

43. In the fight for recognition and rights of India's indigenous Adivasi communities, who is
credited with first using the term "Adivasi" in the 1930s?
 a) Verrier Elwin
b) Thakkar Bapa
c) Birsa Munda
d) None of the above

Answer : B

Explanation

While several individuals and groups played important roles in advocating for Adivasi rights and
identity, Thakkar Bapa holds the distinction of first coining and popularizing the term "Adivasi" in

S
the 1930s. He championed the cause of Adivasis throughout his life, working to improve their
social and economic conditions and fighting for their rightful place in Indian society.

A
The other options are incorrect for the following reasons:

 Verrier Elwin, while a respected anthropologist, did not originate the term "Adivasi." He


4I
documented Adivasi cultures extensively, but his work relied on terminology already
established by the community.

Birsa Munda, a remarkable tribal leader, actively resisted British colonialism in the late
IA
19th century. However, his struggle predates the use of "Adivasi" as a unifying term for
various indigenous communities.

 While other individuals and groups also advocated for Adivasi rights, Thakkar Bapa's
specific contribution in coining and promoting "Adivasi" makes him the most accurate
D

choice for this particular question.

IN

44. Choose the WRONG match

a) Establishment of Hindu College, Calcutta: 1817
b) Adam's Report: 1837
c) Establishment of University of Calcutta: 1857
d) Wood's Despatch: 1858

Answer : D

Explanation

 Hindu College, Calcutta: Established in 1817, this esteemed institution is considered one
of the first modern colleges in India.
  University of Calcutta: Founded in 1857, it was the first established university in British
India and played a pivotal role in shaping modern Indian education.
 Adam's Report: Written in 1837 by Alexander Duff, this document advocated for
introducing English education in India and contributed to the development of Western-style
educational policies.
 Wood's Despatch: Issued in 1854 by Charles Wood, this comprehensive policy document
laid the foundation for modern education in India by establishing a structured system of
universities, schools, and examinations. Hence this is wrong statement

45. In the fight against the notorious Thuggee gangs who preyed on travellers in 19th-

S
century India, who played a pivotal role in their suppression?
a) General Henry Prendergast

A
b) Captain William Sleeman
c) Alexander Burne
d) Captain Robert Pemberton

Answer : B
4I
IA
Explanation

While all the options listed were prominent figures in British India, Captain Sleeman stands out
for his unique and highly effective campaign against the Thugs. Here's why:

 Legislative impact: His extensive knowledge and meticulous documentation led to the
D

passing of the "Thuggee and Dacoity" Act in 1837, providing legal framework for
combating the Thugs.


IN

Captain Sleeman's efforts significantly weakened the Thuggee network, making travel safer
and paving the way for further social reforms in India.

Reasons for rejecting other options:

 General Prendergast, though a military leader, primarily focused on colonial expansion

and suppressing rebellions, not specifically the Thugs.
 Alexander Burnes, a diplomat and explorer, played a crucial role in opening trade routes
with Central Asia but wasn't directly involved in suppressing the Thugs.
 Captain Robert Pemberton, despite a distinguished career in India, isn't known for any
significant contribution to fighting the Thugs.
46. Abanindranath Tagore is known for his distinctive style in Indian art. How would you
best categorize the type of paintings he created?
a) Realistic
b) Socialistic
c) Revivalistic
d) Impressionistic

Answer : C

Explanation

S
While the other options have elements present in Tagore's work, "revivalistic" most accurately

A
captures the essence of his artistic contribution. Here's why:

 Revivalism: Tagore's paintings consciously drew inspiration from classical Indian

art, particularly Mughal and Ajanta cave paintings. He blended traditional techniques


4I
and aesthetics with contemporary themes, creating a unique style that revived and
reinterpreted India's artistic heritage.

Not simply realistic: While some of Tagore's works depict everyday life, these portrayals
IA
aren't purely focused on objective representation. They often carry symbolic meaning and
utilize stylized figures and compositions, moving beyond the strict parameters of realism.

 Limited connection to other options: Socialistic themes are not a prominent feature in
Tagore's art. Impressionism, with its emphasis on fleeting moments and light effects, also
D

doesn't fully describe his more symbolic and stylized approach.

Therefore, "revivalistic" best encapsulates the core essence of Abanindranath Tagore's paintings,
IN

acknowledging his dedication to reviving and reinterpreting India's rich artistic legacy.

47. Choose the WRONG match

a) Indigo Revolt: peasant uprising
b) Santhal Rebellion: tribal movement
c) Deccan Riots: tribal movement
d) Sepoy Mutiny: soldiers rebellion

Answer : C

Explanation
  Indigo Revolt: This was indeed a peasant uprisingagainst unfairindigo cultivation
practices in Bengal.
 Santhal Rebellion: This was a resistance movement by the Santhal tribe against British
encroachment on their lands and resources in present-day Jharkhand and West Bengal.
 Deccan Riots: While there were instances of tribal involvement in the Deccan Riots, the
primary participants were peasants protesting oppressive land revenue policies in south
India, particularly in the Bombay Presidency.
 Sepoy Mutiny:This was a widespread rebellion among Indian soldiers serving in the
British East India Company army across various regions of India.

S
Therefore, option (3) incorrectly classifies the Deccan Riots as solely a tribal movement. The
majority of participants were peasants, making it a broader resistance against economic

A
exploitation.

48. Choose the WRONG match

a) 1775: First Anglo- Maratha War
4I
b) 1780: Third Anglo- Mysore War
c) 1824: First Anglo-Burmese War
d) 1838: Second Anglo- Afghan War
IA
Answer : B

Explanation
D

 1775: First Anglo-Maratha War: A decisive battle that marked the decline of Maratha
IN

power in India.
 1780: Second Anglo-Mysore War: A conflict over Mysore's ruler and British expansion in
the region. Third war happened in 1799.
 1824: First Anglo-Burmese War: A conflict over trade routes and British influence in
Burma.
 1838: First Anglo-Afghan War: A failed attempt by the British to establish control over
Afghanistan.

49. Who was the pioneering Englishman to translate the Bhagavad-Gita into English?
a) William Jones, renowned linguist and founder of the Asiatic Society
b) Charles Wilkins, typographer and orientalist who introduced English printing to India
 c) Alexander Cunningham, archaeologist and surveyor who explored ancient India
d) John Marshall, diplomat and administrator who served as Governor-General of India

Answer : B

Explanation

Charles Wilkins.

Wilkins: In 1785, Charles Wilkins published the first English translation of the Bhagavad-Gita,

S
titled "The Bhagvat Geeta, or the Holy Song." This groundbreaking work opened up the wisdom of
the Gita to a wider audience and played a crucial role in introducing Indian philosophy to the

A
West.

Others: While the other options were prominent figures in British India, their contributions did not
include translating the Bhagavad-Gita.


4I
William Jones: Though interested in Indian literature and culture, Jones did not translate
the Gita. He focused on translating Sanskrit legal texts and establishing the Asiatic Society.
Alexander Cunningham: A renowned archaeologist and explorer, Cunningham's expertise
IA
lay in uncovering ancient Indian sites and monuments, not in translating literary works.
 John Marshall: Primarily a diplomat and administrator, Marshall's work did not involve
literary translation.

Therefore, Charles Wilkins's pioneering translation of the Bhagavad-Gita stands as a landmark

D

achievement in intercultural understanding.

50. Annie Besant was

IN

1. Responsible for starting the Home Rule Movement.

2. The founder of the Theosophical Society.

3. Once the President of the Indian National Congress.

How many of the above statements was/were correct with reference to the Annie Besant
contributions?

a) One only
b) Two only
c) All of three
d) None
 Answer : B

Explanation

 Statement 1 correct: Responsible for starting the Home Rule Movement: Annie Besant,
along with Bal Gangadhar Tilak, played a pivotal role in launching the Home Rule
Movement in India in 1916. This movement demanded self-governance for India within the
British Empire.
 Statement 2 incorrect: The founder of the Theosophical Society: While not a founder,

S
Annie Besant became a prominent leader and spokesperson for the Theosophical Society
after joining in 1883. She actively promoted its teachings and philosophy in India and

A
abroad.
 Statement 3 correct: Once the President of the Indian National Congress: Annie Besant
served as the president of the Indian National Congress in 1917, marking a significant

51.
4I
moment for women's leadership in the Indian independence movement.

'In this Session, Indian National Congress endorsed the Gandhi-Irwin Pact and reiterated the
IA
goal of "Poorna Swaraj". The session is memorable for a resolution on Fundamental Rights
and the National Economic Programme.'
Which of the following session of the Indian National Congress is being described in the
above-given passage?
a) Lahore Session,1929
D

b) Madras Session, 1927

c) Calcutta Session, 1929
d) Karachi Session,1931
IN

Answer: D
Explanation:
 The Karachi session was presided by Sardar Patel. It was held in March 1931. The
Gandhi Irwin Pact was endorsed by Congress in the Karachi Session of 1931 and
reiterated the goal of "Poorna Swaraj".
 In the Karachi session, congress passed a resolution to dissociate itself from and
disapprove the political violence in any shape.
 Congress adopted a resolution on Fundamental Rights and National Economic
Programme. The resolution guaranteed basic civil and political rights to the people.

52. Which city was the centre of the Maratha Empire before its annexation by the British?
 a) Jhansi
b) Sambalpur
c) Satara
d) None of the above

Answer : C

Explanation

Satara: Nestled in Maharashtra, Satara was the seat of the Maratha Empire until its annexation
by the British in 1848. However, the city continued to be a center of intellectual and political

S
dissent, with Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Mahatma Jotiba Phule contributing significantly to social
reforms and the freedom movement.

A
53. Which leader led the Sepoy Mutiny in Sambalpur?
a) Rani Lakshmibai
b) Veer Surendra Sai
c) Tantya tope 4I
d) Bahadur Shah Zafar
IA
Answer : B

Explanation

In Odisha, Sambalpur played a crucial role in the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857. Veer Surendra Sai, a
D

brave Odia leader, led the rebellion against the British East India Company, making Sambalpur
a symbol of resistance in eastern India.
IN

54. Which act played a crucial role in women's emancipation, championed by Vidyasagar?
a) Abolition of Sati
b) Legalization of Divorce
c) Right to Education
d) Legalization of Widow Remarriage

Answer : D

Explanation
 Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar:

Born in 1820, Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar was a towering figure of the Bengal Renaissance. His
contributions spanned education, social reform, and literature, earning him the title "Ocean of
Learning" (Vidyasagar).

Social Reform:

 Played a pivotal role in legalizing widow remarriage in 1857, challenging archaic and
oppressive customs.

 Advocated for female empowerment, addressing issues like child marriage and polygamy.

S
 Actively promoted social welfare and campaigned for improved sanitation and healthcare.

A
55. Which Viceroy is credited with establishing the Indian National Congress?
a) Lord Dufferin
b) Lord Curzon
4I
c) Lord Dalhousie
d) Lord Canning
IA
Answer : D

Explanation

Lord Dufferin (1884-1888)

D

 Known for his diplomatic skills and conciliatory approach towards Indian leaders.


IN

Established the Indian National Congress (INC) in 1885, hoping to channel nationalist
aspirations through a moderate platform.

 Introduced the Bengal Tenancy Act in 1885, offering some protection to tenant farmers
from oppressive landlords.

 However, his policies also included increased military spending and restrictions on the
press, creating tensions with the INC.

56. Consider the following pairs

Movement / Organization : Leader

 1. All India Anti-Untouchability League : B R Ambedkar
2. All India Kisan Sabha : Mahathma Ghandi
3. Self-Respect Movement : E. V. Ramaswami Naicker

How many pairs given above is/are correctly matched?

a) One pair
b) Two pairs
c) Three pairs
d) None

Answer : B

S
Explanation

 All India Anti-Untouchability League: This organization was founded by Mahatma

A
Gandhi in 1932 to fight against the discriminatory practice of untouchability in India. B. R.
Ambedkar was a prominent leader in the fight against untouchability, but he was not
associated with this specific organization.



4I
All India Kisan Sabha: This peasant movement was founded by Swami Sahajanand
Saraswati in 1936. Mahatma Gandhi was not directly involved in this organization.
Self-Respect Movement: This social reform movement was started in Tamil Nadu by E.
IA
V. Ramaswami Naicker in 1925. It aimed to challenge caste discrimination and promote
self-respect among marginalized communities

57. Anand Math spotlights on which rebellion?

D

a) Bhil uprising
b) Rangpur and Dinapur uprising
c) Bishnupur and Birbhum rebellion
IN

d) Sanyasi rebellion

Answer : D

Explanation

Anand Math, a historical novel by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, focuses on the Sannyasi Rebellion
of 1770-1800 in Bengal against British rule. It tells the story of Hindu mendicants (sannyasis)
fighting for freedom, inspiring generations of nationalists.

58. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place on:

a) 11th April 1918
 b) 13th April 1918
c) 11th April 1919
d) 13th April 1919

Answer: D
Explanation:
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place on 13th April 1919 in Amritsar, Punjab. The
tragedy, also known as the Massacre of Amritsar exposed the inhuman approach of the British
when the British troops under General Reginald Edward Dyer opened fire into an unarmed
crowd.

S
59. What was the minimum age for employment set by the 1881 Factory Act?
a) 5 years
b) 7 years

A
c) 10 years
d) 12 years

Answer : B

Explanation
4I
IA
The first Factory Act was introduced in 1881, inspired by similar reforms in Britain. It stipulated
basic regulations like minimum age for employment (7 years), maximum working hours (11
hours), and mandatory breaks.
D

60. Consider the following statements about the Ahmedabad Mill Strike of 1918 :
A. It was related mainly to the dispute between the Indian workers and the European mill
owners regarding hours of work and grant of leaves.
B. Anusuya Ben Sarabhai, sister of the one of the rich mill owners of Ahmedabad was one
IN

of theleaders of the movement.

C. Gandhiji used the weapon of hunger strike.

Which of the above statements are correct?

a) A and B only
b) B and C only
c) A and C only
d) A, B and C

Answer: B
 Explanation:

Ahmedabad Mill Strike of 1918

 In 1918, there was an industrial dispute between the workers and owners of a cotton
mill located in Ahmedabad.

 The owners of the mill wanted to take back the plague bonus that was entitled to the
workers.

 On the other hand, the workers demanded a 50% hike in their wages.

 Gandhi organised a peaceful strike where he also went on a hunger strike to protect the

S
rights of the workers

Anusyabehn Sarabhai

A
 Anasuya or Anusyabehn Sarabhai (11 November 1885 – 1 November 1972) was a
pioneer of the women’s labour movement in India.

 4I
She helped organise textile workers in a 1914 strike in Ahmedabad. She was also
involved in a month-long strike in 1918, where weavers were asking for a 50 per cent
increase in wages and were being offered 20 per cent.
IA
61. Correctly arranges the following events in chronological order.

1. India Independence Act

2. Mountbatten Plan
D

3. First meeting of Constituent Assembly of India

a) 1-2-3
IN

b) 2-3-1

c) 3-2-1

d) 2-1-3

Answer : C

Explanation
 • First meeting of Constituent Assembly of India (December 9, 1946): This marked the
beginning of the process of drafting India's constitution.

• The June 3rd Mountbatten Plan (June 3, 1947): This plan proposed the partition of India
into two states, India and Pakistan.

• Royal Assent to India Independence Act (July 18, 1947): This act formally granted
independence to India and Pakistan

62. What was the primary focus of the "Wood's Dispatch"?

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a) Promoting solely English education in India

b) Integrating vernacular languages in primary education

A
c) Establishing a uniform university system across India

d) Increasing private investment in Indian education

Answer : B
4I
IA
Explanation

The "Wood's Dispatch" was a landmark document issued by the British East India Company in
1854. It aimed to reform the education system in India and had several key features:
D

• Emphasis on vernacular languages: Wood advocated for using local languages in

primary education to make education accessible to a wider population.
IN

• Dual system: He proposed a dual system where higher education would be conducted in
English, while vernacular languages would be used in primary and secondary schools.

• Focus on Western knowledge: The curriculum emphasized Western subjects like science,
mathematics, and history alongside traditional Indian knowledge.

• Expansion of educational infrastructure: The dispatch called for the establishment of

universities, colleges, and schools across India.

63. Consider the following pairs:

 Congress Session President

1. Faizpur Session,1936 : Jawaharlal Nehru

2. Haripura Session,1938 : Subhash Chandra Bose

3. Belgaum Session,1924 : Mahatma Gandhi

Which of the above pairs is/are correctly matched?

a) 1 only

b) 1 and 2 only

S
c) 2 and 3 only

A
d) 1, 2 and 3

Answer : D

Explanation
4I
IA
• Gandhiji was the president of the Congress only on one occasion and the session was held
in Belgaum in 1924.

• The Faizpur Congress of 1936 was presided by Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru. The significance
of the session was that it adopted the agrarian programme for the upliftment of peasantry.
D

• Subhas Chandra Bose was unanimously elected as the President of the Congress at
Haripura session in 1938.
IN

64. The objective of the Morley-Minto Reforms was to

a) Establish diarchy in Provinces

b) Abolish the post-of Secretary of State for India

c) Extension of Provincial Assemblies

d) Give more powers to local government

Answer : C
 Explanation

Morley-Minto Reforms (1909):

Aim: Calm Indian calls for self-rule and split nationalist movement.

Measures:

• Separate electorates for Muslims: Appease Muslims worried about Hindu dominance.

• More Indians in legislative councils: Limited increase, British kept control.

• Indians could discuss laws, but not make decisions.

S
A
65. What was the primary objective of the "Mysore Chalo Movement" of 1947?

a) To demand the release of political prisoners.

4I
b) To protest against the oppressive rule of the Maharaja of Mysore.

c) To advocate for the accession of Mysore State to the Dominion of India.

IA
d) To promote social reforms and economic development in the state.

Answer : C
D

Explanation

In 1947, the Mysore Chalo Movement (led by the Indian National Congress) demanded that the
IN

Mysore Maharaja:

• Join India: Mysore State (later Karnataka) was undecided about joining the newly
independent India.

• Allow democracy: Replace his autocratic rule with a people-elected government.

• Stop repression: End censorship, dissent suppression, and lack of civil liberties.

66. Who introduced the Ilbert Bill?

a) Lord Cornwallis
 b) Lord Ripon

c) Lord Curzon

d) Lord Lytton

Answer : B

Explanation

The Ilbert Bill, introduced in 1883 during the British Raj, aimed to remove racial discrimination

S
in the Indian judicial system. It proposed to allow Indian judges to try Europeans accused of
criminal offenses in lower courts. This seemingly simple change sparked intense controversy,
exposing deep-seated racial prejudices and ultimately contributing to the rise of Indian

A
nationalism. The Ilbert Bill controversy highlighted the growing discontent among Indians with
British colonial rule.

67.
4I
The Government of India Act of 1919 (Montague-Chelmsford Reforms) aimed to:

a) Establish complete self-government for India.

IA
b) Introduce responsible government in the provinces.

c) Increase Indian participation in the central government.

d) All of the above.

D

Answer : C

Explanation
IN

The Government of India Act of 1919, also known as the Montague-Chelmsford Reforms, was a
significant step towardsincreasing Indian participation in the central government.

68. Which one of the following is not a feature of the Government of India Act of 1935?

a) Diarchy at the Centre and provinces

b) A bicameral legislature

c) Provincial autonomy
 d) An All-India Federation

Answer : A

Explanation

The Government of India Act of 1935 did not introduce diarchy at the central level. While
diarchy (division of subjects into reserved and transferred) existed in the provinces, the
center had a unitary structure with full executive power vested in the Governor-General and his
council of ministers.

S
69. After the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857, who took over the direct rule of India from the East
India Company?

A
a) British Parliament

b) Queen Victoria
4I
c) Viceroy of India

d) Governor-General of India
IA
Answer : A

Explanation
D

The Government of India Act, 1858 marked a significant turning point in British rule in India.
IN

Following the Sepoy Mutiny of 1857, the British East India Company was deemed responsible for
its mismanagement and seen as a failing organization.

The Act formally dissolved the East India Company and transferred direct control of India to the
British Crown. This meant that India became a British colony under the authority of the British
Parliament.

Queen Victoria became the Empress of India, further solidifying the Crown's role in Indian
governance.

The Act also established the position of Viceroy, who became the Crown's representative in India,
leading the administration and exercising significant power.
70. Consider the following pairs, in the context of revolutionary activity during the freedom
struggle:
Freedom fighter Conspiracy case
A. Bhagat Singh : Lahore Conspiracy case
B. Ramprasad Bismil : Kakori Conspiracy case
C. Rajguru : Kanpur Bolshevik Conspiracy case
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
a) A and B only
b) B and C only
c) A and C only
d) A, B and C

S
Answer: A
Explanation:

A
Lala Lajpat Rai died due to lathi blows received during a lathi- charge on an anti-Simon
Commission procession. Later Bhagat Singh, Azad and Rajguru dead Saunders, the police
official responsible for the lathi charge in Lahore. Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev and Rajguru were
4I
tried in the Lahore conspiracy case.
The revolutionary activity in 1920s was dominated by the Hindustan Republican
Association/Army or HRA (later renamed Hindustan Socialist Republican Association or
HSRA). The HRA was founded in October 1924 in Kanpur by Ramprasad Bismil, Jogesh
IA
Chandra Chatterjee and Sachin Sanyal, with an aim to organise an armed revolution to
overthrow the colonial government. The most important action of the HRA was the Kakori
robbery in 1925. The men held up the 8-Down train at Kakori and looted its official railway
cash. The Government arrested a large number of young men and tried them in the Kakori
D

Conspiracy Case. Ashfaqulla Khan, Ramprasad Bismil, Roshan Singh and Rajendra Lahiri
were hanged, four others were sent to the Andamans for life and seventeen others were
sentenced to long terms of imprisonment.
The rapid growth of communist and The Workers and Peasants Party (WPP) influence over
IN

the national movement in 1920s was checked by British by two developments. One was the
severe repression to which Communists were subjected by the Government. Second, in 1924,
the Government had tried to cripple the nascent communist movement by trying S.A. Dange,
Muzaffar Ahmed, Nalini Gupta and Shaukat Usmani in the Kanpur Bolshevik Conspiracy
Case. All four were sentenced to four years of imprisonment.

71. Which of the following statements about Congress Socialist Party is/are correct?
a) It was founded by the efforts of Jayaprakash Narayan, Minoo Masaani and others.
b) It worked within the Congress Party and accepted Congress as the primary body
leading the National Movement.
c) Both A and B
 d) Neither A nor B

Answer: C
Explanation:
The Congress Socialist Party (CSP) was a socialist caucus within the Indian National
Congress. It was founded in 1934 by Congress members who rejected what they saw as the
anti-rational mysticism of Gandhi as well as the sectarian attitude of the Communist Party of
India towards the Congress. It was founded in 1934, in Bombay, by Jaiprakash Narayan,
Minoo Masaani, Ram Manohar Lohia and Acharya Narendra Dev.
From the beginning, all the Congress Socialists were agreed upon basic propositions:
 that the primary struggle in India was the national struggle for freedom and that

S
nationalism was a necessary stage on the way to socialism.
 that socialists must work inside the National Congress because it was the primary body
leading the national struggle.

A
 that to achieve this objective they must organize the workers and peasants in their class
organizations, wage struggles for their economic demands and make them the social
base of the national struggle.

72.
4I
Thus, the CSP from the beginning assigned itself the task of both transforming the
Congress and of strengthening it.

Which of the following is/are the recommendations of Nehru Report?

IA
A. Dominion status on the lines of self-governing dominions.
B. Acceptance of separate electorate.
C. Linguistic Provinces.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
D

a) A and B only
b) B and C only
c) A and C only
d) A, B and C
IN

Answer: C
Explanation:
The Nehru Report confined itself to British India, as it envisaged the future link-up of
British India with the princely states on a federal basis. For the dominion it recommended:
Dominion status on lines of self-governing dominions as the form of government desired by
Indians.
 Rejection of separate electorates which had been the basis of constitutional reforms so
far; instead, a demand for joint electorates with reservation of seats for Muslims at the
Centre and in provinces where they were in minority (and not in those where Muslims
 were in majority, such as Punjab and Bengal) in proportion to the Muslim population
there with right to contest additional seats.
 Linguistic provinces.
 Nineteen fundamental rights including equal rights for women, right to form unions,
and universal adult suffrage.
 Responsible government at the Centre and in provinces.
 Full protection to cultural and religious interests of Muslims.
 Complete dissociation of State from religion.

73. Consider the following statements regarding the ‘All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC)’:

S
A. It was founded in 1920.
B. It was originally formed to give Indian representation at the League of Nations’

A
International Labor Organization (ILO).
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
a) A only
b) B only
4I
c) Both A and B
d) Neither A nor B
IA
Answer: C
Explanation:
The trade union movement was led by All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) founded
in 1920.Lala Lajpat Rai was its first president and Dewan Chaman Lal its general secretary.
Tilak was also one of the moving spirits.
D

 The major strikes during the 1920s included those in Kharagpur Railway
Workshops,Tata Iron and Steel Works (Jamshedpur), Bombay
 Textile Mills (this involved 1,50,000 workers and went on for 5 months), and
IN

Buckingham Carnatic Mills. In 1928, there were a number of strikes involving 5 lakh
workers.
 In 1923, the first May Day was celebrated in India in Madras.
 Although the organization was originally formed to give Indian representation at the
League of Nations’ International Labor Organization (ILO), it also met an increasing
need for such a body for the rapidly expanding labor movement in India.

74. 'Lothian committee' is related to which of the following reforms?

a) Separate Electorates
b) Rural Development
c) Financial decentralization
d) Civil Service reforms
 Answer: A
Explanation:
The Communal Award, based on the findings of the Indian Franchise Committee (also
called the Lothian Committee), established separate electorates and reserved seats for
minorities, including the depressed classes which were granted seventy-eight reserved seats.

75. Consider the following statements regarding the ‘Berlin Committee for Indian Independence’:
A. It was established by Virendranath Chattopadhyay and Lala Hardayal.
B. It was formed to incite rebellion among Indian troops and to organize an armed

S
invasion of British India
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

A
a) A only
b) B only
c) Both A and B
d) Neither A nor B

Answer: C
Explanation:
4I
IA
The Berlin Committee for Indian Independence was established in 1915 by Virendranath
Chattopadhyay, Bhupendranath Dutta, Lala Hardayal and others with the help of the
German foreign office under ‘Zimmerman Plan’.
 These revolutionaries aimed to mobilize the Indian settlers abroad to send volunteers
and arms to India to incite rebellion among Indian troops there and to even organize an
D

armed invasion of British India to liberate the country.

 The Indian revolutionaries in Europe sent missions to Baghdad, Persia, Turkey and
Kabul to work among Indian troops and the Indian prisoners of war (POWs) and to
IN

incite anti-British feelings among the people of these countries.

76. Who established ‘Swatantra Karmika Party’?

a) Mahatma Gandhi
b) Lokhandey
c) B R Ambedkar
d) Babu Jagjeeven Ram

Answer : C

Explanation
 Ambedkar did not join the Congress party. Instead, he established an organization
‘BahishkrutaHitakarini Sabha’ and two separate parties named ‘Swatantra Karmika Party’
and ‘Republican Party of India’.

77. Narayan Meghaji Lokhande played a crucial role in the early Indian labour movement.
Identify the CORRECT statement about his contributions:

a) He founded the Servants of India Society, a social reform organization.

b) He established the Bombay Mill Hands Association, the first labour union in India.

c) He published the journal "Dinbandhu" to advocate for women's rights.

S
d) He led the Quit India Movement demanding independence from British rule.

A
Answer : B

Explanation


4I
Narayan Meghaji Lokhande

Bombay Mill Hands Association (1890): This was the first labour union established in
IA
India. It aimed to improve the working conditions and rights of textile mill workersin
Bombay, who faced long working hours, low wages, and harsh treatment. This marked the
beginning of organized labour movements in India.

 Dinbandhu: Lokhande did indeed publish a weekly newspaper called "Dinbandhu"

(Friend of the Poor).
D

Reasoning for rejecting other options:


IN

The Servants of India Society was founded by G.P. Gokhale in 1905, not Lokhande.

 Though "Dinbandhu" addressed social issues, its primary focus was on workers' rights,
not women's rights.Hence option (3)is not correct

 The Quit India Movement occurred in 1942, after Lokhande's death in 1897.

78. Which of the following Princely States was/were annexed by British under 'Doctrine of
Lapse'?
A. Satara
B. Junagarh
C. Mysore
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
 a) A only
b) B only
c) A and C only
d) A, B and C

Answer: A
Explanation:
In simple terms, the 'Doctrine of Lapse' stated that the adopted son could be the heir to his
foster father’s private property, but not the state; it was for the paramount power (the British)
to decide whether to bestow the state on the adopted son or to annex it.The doctrine was stated
to be based on Hindu law and Indian customs, but Hindu law seemed to be somewhat

S
inconclusive on this point, and the instances of an Indian sovereign annexing the state of his
vassal on account of ‘lapse’ (i.e., leaving no issue as heir) were rather rare.
Though this policy is attributed to Lord Dalhousie (1848-56), he was not its originator. It

A
was a coincidence that during his governor-generalship several important cases arose in which
the ‘Doctrine’ could be applied.
 It was a matter of chance that during Lord Dalhousie’s term many rulers of states died
4I
without a male issue and seven states wereannexed under the Doctrine of Lapse.
 The most important of these were Satara (1848), Jhansi and Nagpur (1854).
 The other small states included Jaitpur (Bundelkhand), Sambalpur (Orissa), and
Baghat (Madhya Pradesh).
IA
79. Which of the following pairs is/are correctly matched?
Treaty Governor-General
A. Treaty of Perpetual friendship : Lord Hastings
D

B. Treaty of Bassein : Lord Wellesley

C. Treaty of Salbai : Warren Hastings
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
a) A and B only
IN

b) B and C only
c) A and C only
d) A, B and C

Answer: B
Explanation:

Treaty of Perpetual Maharaja Ranjit Singh, also called Sher-i-Punjab was born November
friendship 1780 at Gujranwala. When he was 12 years old he became the chief of
his own misl after the death of his father in 1792.
 Ranjit Singh wanted to annex Sind but could not do so because of the
English opposition. In 1831 he signed the treaty of perpetual
friendship with the English (William Bentinck).

Treaty of Bassein It was a pact signed on December 31, 1802 between the British East
India Company (Lord Wellesley) and Baji Rao II, the Maratha
peshwa of Pune (Poona) in India after the Battle of Poona.

The treaty was a decisive step in the dissolution of the Maratha

Confederacy, which led to the East India Company’s usurpation of the
peshwa’s territories in western India in 1818.

S
Treaty of Salbai It was signed on 17 May 1782, by representatives of the Maratha
Empire and the British East India Company after long negotiations to
settle the outcome of the First Anglo-Maratha War it was signed

A
between Warren Hastings and MahadajiScindia.

80. 4I
Which of the following are the provisions of the 'Subsidiary Alliance System'?
A. An Indian ruler entering into Subsidiary Alliance with the British had to dissolve his
own armed forces and accept British forces.
B. If Indian ruler failed to pay army’s maintenance, a portion of his territory would be
IA
taken away and ceded to the Zamindars.
C. No European should be employed without the permission of the Indian ruler
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
a) A and B only
D

b) B and C only
c) A and C only
d) A, B and C
IN

Answer: A
Explanation:
Lord Wellesley broadened the scope of this arrangement by his Subsidiary Alliance
System, bringing under it Hyderabad, Mysore, Lucknow, the Maratha Peshwa, the Bhonsle
(Kolhapur) and Sindhia (Gwalior).
The provisions of the Subsidiary Treaty are:
 An Indian ruler entering into Subsidiary Alliance with the British had to dissolve his
own armed forces and accept British forces and a
 British Resident in his territory.
 He had to pay for the British army’s maintenance. If he failed, a portion of his territory
would be taken away and ceded to the British.
  The protected prince was to sever all connections with European powers other than the
British, especially the French.
 No European should be employed without the permission of the British.
 No negotiation with any Indian power should be held without the Company’s
permission and
 No other Indian power to interfere in its internal affairs

81. Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Over The Top Platforms.’

1. OTT or Over The Top Platforms are services that offer viewers access to movies, TV
shows and other media directly through the Internet, bypassing cable or satellite systems.

S
2. In India’s regulatory parlance, OTT platforms are called ‘publishers of online curated
content’.
3. The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (I&B) the task of regulating content on OTT

A
and online platforms under new IT rules 2021.

How many of the above statements are correct?

a)
b)
c)
Only one
Only two
Only three
4I
IA
d) None of the above

Answer: C

Explanation
D

Over The Top Platforms

 OTT or Over The Top Platforms are services that offer viewers access to movies, TV
shows and other media directly through the Internet, bypassing cable or satellite systems.
IN

 In India’s regulatory parlance, OTT platforms are called ‘publishers of online curated
content’.
 The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (I&B) the task of regulating content on OTT
and online platforms under new IT rules 2021.

82. ‘The Commission of Railway Safety’ is headquartered in which among the following state?
a) Uttar Pradesh
b) Bihar
c) Karnataka
d) Kerala

Answer: A
 Explanation

Commission of Railway Safety

 Commission of Railway Safety is a government body that acts as the railway safety
authority in the country.
 Commission of Railway Safety is headquartered in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh.
 Commission of Railway Safety is under the administrative control of the Ministry of Civil
Aviation (MoCA).

83. ‘Indus-X’ , Defence Acceleration Ecosystem is between which among the countries ?

S
a) India and USA
b) India and China
c) India and Russia

A
d) India and Israel

Answer : A

Explanation 4I
INDUS-X - U.S. - India Defence Acceleration Ecosystem
IA
 The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and the Indian Ministry of Defense (MoD) have
launched the INDUS-X.
 It aims to expand the strategic technology partnership and defence industrial cooperation
between governments, businesses, and academic institutions.
D

Indus-X will helpful to :

 Enhance connectivity between American and Indian defence startups.

 Explore joint opportunities in high-tech defence innovation, research, and development.
IN

 Strengthen bilateral trade relationships and defense establishment linkages.

84. Consider the following statements with respect to International Centre for Integrated
Mountain Development (ICIMOD).

1. It is an intergovernmental institution leading the global effort to protect the Hind-Kush

Mountains.
2. ICIMOD is based in Kathmandu, Nepal.
3. It has 10 regional member countries under it.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

 a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) All of the above

Answer : A

Explanation

International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD)

 It is an intergovernmental institution leading the global effort to protect the Hind-Kush

Mountains.

S
 ICIMOD is based in Kathmandu, Nepal.
 It has 8 regional member countries - Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, China, India,

A
Myanmar, Nepal, and Pakistan.

85. Which among the following country recently hosted “C+C5 summit” ?

a)
b)
c)
India
China
Russia
4I
IA
d) USA

Answer : B

Explanation
D

C+C5 summit

 China recently hosted the “C+C5 summit”, in the city of Xi’an (the first of its kind), with
the leaders of five Central Asian countries.
IN

 ‘Xi’an Declaration’ was signed which issued a blueprint for the future development of
China-Central Asia relations.
 The leaders also focussed on people-to-people exchanges, a ‘Cultural Silk Road’
programme, and issues of regional terrorism and extremism.
 The first C+C5 (China + 5 Central Asian countries) summit was held in virtual format last
year, to commemorate the 30th anniversary of diplomatic relations between China and
Central Asian countries.
 China has been investing heavily in Central Asia through its BRI and the relationship with
the region was institutionalized through Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO).
86. The Kali River in the Kalapani region demarcates the border between which among the
following countries ?

a) India and Nepal

b) India and Bangladesh
c) India and Srilanka
d) India and Pakistan

Answer : A

Explanation

S
Kalapani Region :

 Kalapani is a valley that is administered by India as a part of the Pithoragarh district of

A
Uttarakhand. It is situated on the Kailash Mansarovar route.
 Kalapani is advantageously located at a height of over 20,000 ft and serves as an
observation post for that area.
 The Kali River in the Kalapani region demarcates the border between India and Nepal.

87.
(UDHR) 2023’ ?
4I
Which among the following was the theme of the ‘Universal Declaration of Human Rights
IA
a) Freedom, Equality and Justice for All
b) Dignity, Empathy, and Justice for All
c) Dignity, Sympathy, and Justice for All
d) Dignity, Freedom, and Respect for All
D

Answer : A

Explanation
IN

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR)

 10 December 2023 marks the 75th anniversary of one of the world's most groundbreaking
global pledges: the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR).
 This landmark document enshrines the inalienable rights that everyone is entitled to as a
human being - regardless of race, colour, religion, sex, language, political or other opinion,
national or social origin, property, birth or other status.
 The Declaration was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris on 10
December 1948 and sets out, for the first time, fundamental human rights to be universally
protected.
 Available in more than 500 languages, it is the most translated document in the world.
  A year-long initiative focusing on universality, progress and engagement, will culminate in
a high-level event in December 2023, which will announce global pledges and ideas for a
vision for the future of human rights.
 2023 Theme: Freedom, Equality and Justice for All
 Objective of Human Rights 75 initiative: Contribute to change and concrete progress on the
ground on the promise of freedom, equality and justice, and accountability

88. Consider the following statements with respect to flash floods.

1. Flash floods are sudden and rapid flooding events that happen within a short period of time.
2. Flash floods are highly localised but causes high damages because of suddenness.

S
3. This occurs in hilly regions and sloping lands where heavy rainfall and thunderstorms or
cloudbursts are common.

A
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c)
d)

Answer : D
1 and 3 only4I
All of the above
IA
Explanation

Flash floods

 Flash floods are sudden and rapid flooding events that happen within a short period of time.
D

 Flash floods are highly localised but causes high damages because of suddenness.
 This occurs in hilly regions and sloping lands where heavy rainfall and thunderstorms or
cloudbursts are common.
IN

 Low-lying areas, such as riverbeds, canyons, and urban areas with poor drainage systems
are also prone to it.

89. Consider the following statements with respect to iCET (Initiative on Critical and Emerging
Technology).

1. iCET was set up in Jan 2023, to strengthen and broaden the defence industrial cooperation
and strategic technological partnership between the companies and academic institutions of
the US-India nations.
2. iCET is headed by the National Security Council Secretariat in India and the US National
Security Council.
 3. A new initiative called “Innovation Handshake” was started to connect the startup
ecosystems of the India and US countries, which is to support the US-India Initiative on
Critical and Emerging Technology (iCET).

How many of the above statements are correct?

a) Only one
b) Only two
c) Only three
d) None

Answer : C

S
Explanation

iCET

A
 iCET was set up in Jan 2023, to strengthen and broaden the defence industrial cooperation
and strategic technological partnership between the companies, and academic institutions

4I
of the two nations.
 It is headed by the National Security Council Secretariat in India and the US National
Security Council.
 A new initiative called “Innovation Handshake” was started to connect the startup
IA
ecosystems of the India and US countries, which is to support the US-India Initiative on
Critical and Emerging Technology (iCET).

90. Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Production-linked incentives (PLI)’
D

1. ‘Production-linked incentives (PLI)’ was first introduced in March 2020.

2. PLI is a special incentive scheme for producers to promote manufacturing in multiple
sectors.
IN

Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

a) 1 only
b) 2 only
c) Both 1 and 2
d) None of the above

Answer : C

Explanation

Production-linked incentives (PLI)

  PLI was first introduced in March 2020, PLI is a special incentive scheme for producers to
promote manufacturing in multiple sectors.
 The incentives are linked to the performance of the organisation i.e., the government
provides incentives on incremental sales.
 PLI scheme is built on the foundation of multiple sectors with an incentive outlay of Rs.
1.97 lakh crore (about US$ 26 billion) to strengthen their production capabilities and help
create global champions.

91. Consider the following statements with respect to Finance Commission of India.

1. It is a constitutional and autonomous body formed to give suggestions on centre-state

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financial relations.
2. It was established by the President of India in 1951 under Article 280 of the Indian
Constitution.

A
3. The Commission is appointed every 5 years and consists of a chairman and 4 other
members.

a)
b)
c)
1 only
2 only
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Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

Both 1 and 2
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d) None of the above

Answer : C

Explanation
D

Finance Commission

 It is a constitutional and autonomous body formed to give suggestions on centre-state

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financial relations.
 It was established by the President of India in 1951 under Article 280 of the Indian
Constitution.
 The Commission is appointed every 5 years and consists of a chairman and 4 other
members.

Horizontal and Vertical tax devolution

 Article 280 mandates that each FC make recommendations about the distribution of net
proceeds of taxes between the Union and states and among the states.
 Vertical devolution – The distribution of net proceeds of taxes between the Union and
States.
  Horizontal devolution – The distribution of net proceeds among states.
 The FC has wide powers to redefine financial relations between and among the Union and
states.

92. Consider the following statements with respect to Integrated Child Development Service
(ICDS) Scheme.

1. Integrated Child Development Service (ICDS) Scheme launched in 1975.

2. It is one of the world’s largest programmes providing an integrated package of services
such as supplementary nutrition, immunization and pre-school education for the holistic
development of a child.

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3. ICDS is a centrally sponsored scheme and is universal covering all the districts of the
country.

A
How many of the above statements are correct?

a) Only one
b) Only two
c)
d)

Answer : C
Only three
None
4I
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Explanation

Integrated Child Development Service (ICDS) Scheme

 Integrated Child Development Service (ICDS) Scheme launched in 1975, it is one of the
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world’s largest programmes providing an integrated package of services such as

supplementary nutrition, immunization and pre-school education for the holistic
development of a child.
IN

 ICDS is a centrally sponsored scheme and is universal covering all the districts of the
country.
 The ICDS targets children aged 0-6 years, pregnant women, and lactating mothers.
 It addresses non-formal pre-school education and breaks the cycle of malnutrition,
morbidity, and mortality.
 The Scheme has been renamed as Anganwadi Services and the services are now offered as
part of the Saksham Anganwadi and Poshan 2.0.

93. Which among the following day celebrated as ‘World Blood Donor Day’ every year ?

a) 10th June
b) 12th June
 c) 14th June
d) 18th June

Answer : C

Explanation

World Blood Donor Day : 2023

 The slogan for 2023 World Blood Donor Day campaign, celebrated on 14 June 2023, is
“Give blood, give plasma, share life, share often.”
 It focuses on patients requiring life-long transfusion support and underlines the role every
single person can play, by giving the valuable gift of blood or plasma.

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 It also highlights the importance of giving blood or plasma regularly to create a safe and
sustainable supply of blood and blood products that can be always available, all over the

A
world, so that all patients in need can receive timely treatment.

94. Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Mekedatu project’.

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1. Mekedatu is a multipurpose balancing reservoir project at the confluence of the River
Cauvery and its tributary River Arkavathi.
2. The Mekedatu dam project is located in Ramanagaram district of Karnataka
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3. The project has been contentious for years between the two states of Tamilnadu and
Karnataka.

How many of the above statements are correct?

a) Only one
D

b) Only two
c) Only three
d) None of the above
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Answer : C

Explanation

Mekedatu project

 Mekedatu is a multipurpose balancing reservoir project at the confluence of the River

Cauvery and its tributary River Arkavathi.
 The Mekedatu dam project is located in Ramanagaram district (about 100 km south of
Bengaluru) close to where the Cauvery enters Tamil Nadu.
 The project has been contentious for years between the two states - Tamilnadu and
Karnataka.
  The dam has a proposed capacity of 48 TMC (thousand million cubic) feet and an
estimated cost of Rs 6,000 crore.
 The project aims to supply drinking water to Bengaluru and replenish the regional
groundwater table.
 The Mekedatu dam will be larger than the Krishnaraja Sagar project on the Cauvery.

95. Consider the following statements with respect to Kavach system.

1. Kavach provides protection by preventing trains to pass the signal at Red.

2. Kavach activates the train’s braking system automatically if the driver fails to control the
train as per speed restrictions.

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3. Kavach prevents the collision between two locomotives equipped with functional Kavach
systems.

A
How many of the above statements are correct?

a) Only one
b) Only two
c)
d)

Answer : C
Only three 4I
None of the above
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Explanation

About Kavach

 Kavach is India’s automatic protection system in development since 2012, under the name
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Train Collision Avoidance System (TCAS), which got rechristened to Kavach or “armour”
 It is an indigenously developed by the Research Design and Standards Organisation
(RDSO) in collaboration with the Indian industry.
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 It is a state-of-the-art electronic system with Safety Integrity Level-4 (SIL-4) standards.

Key features of Kavach

 Provides protection by preventing trains to pass the signal at Red (which marks danger).
 Activates the train’s braking system automatically if the driver fails to control the train as
per speed restrictions.
 Prevents the collision between two locomotives equipped with functional Kavach systems.
 Relays SoS messages during emergency situations.
 Has centralised live monitoring of train movements through the Network Monitor System.
96. Consider the following statements with respect to Fair and Remunerative Price (FRP).

1. FRP is minimum price at which sugarcane is to be purchased by sugar mills from farmers.
2. It is determined under Sugarcane (Control) Order, 1966.There is dual pricing mechanism
for sugarcane:
3. FRP is announced by central government at recommendations of Commission for
Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP).

Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only

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c) 1 and 3 only
d) All of the above

A
Answer : D

Fair and Remunerative Price (FRP)

season.
4I
 Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs approved FRP of sugarcane for 2023-24 sugar

 FRP is minimum price at which sugarcane is to be purchased by sugar mills from farmers.
 It is determined under Sugarcane (Control) Order, 1966.There is dual pricing mechanism
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for sugarcane:
 FRP is announced by central government at recommendations of Commission for
Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP).
 States can announce State Advised Prices, usually higher than FRP.
D

97. Consider the following statements with respect to Quadrilateral Group (QUAD).
1. The Quadrilateral Group consisting of India, Australia, Japan and the U.S. was formed in
2017.
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2. It aims to strengthen the defence and security cooperation amongst the four countries.
3. It was proposed by the former Japan’s Prime Minister, Shinzo Abe in 2007 to check
China’s growing influence and assertiveness in the Indo-Pacific region.

How many of the above statements are correct?

a) Only one
b) Only two
c) Only three
d) None

Answer : C
 QUAD

 The Quadrilateral Group consisting of India, Australia, Japan and the U.S. was formed in
2017.
 It aims to strengthen the defence and security cooperation amongst the four countries.
 It was proposed by the former Japan’s Prime Minister, Shinzo Abe in 2007 to check
China’s growing influence and assertiveness in the Indo-Pacific region.
 It has a shared objective to ensure and support a “free, open and prosperous” Indo-Pacific
region.

98. “The exploitation of inflation by corporates to create excessive profits.’’ Which among the
following term best defines the above explaination ?

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a) Greedflation
b) Inflation

A
c) Deflation
d) Stagflation

Answer : A
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 Greedflation is the exploitation of inflation by corporates to create excessive profits.
 It simply means (corporate) greed fuelled inflation.
 In normal inflation situation, corporates go for the wage-price spiral, whereas in
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Greedflation corporates choose the profit-price spiral.

99. Consider the following statements with respect to Precision farming.

1. Precision farming is a site-specific crop management concept based on observing,
measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops.
D

2. This involves leveraging digital tools such as AI, Machine Learning, and IoT to optimise
crop yield and quality while minimising costs and resources.
3. It is also referred to as precision agriculture, satellite agriculture, and site-specific crop
IN

management (SSCM).

Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c) 1 and 3 only
d) All of the above

Answer : D

Precision farming
  Precision farming is a site-specific crop management concept based on observing,
measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops.
 This involves leveraging digital tools such as AI, Machine Learning, and IoT to optimise
crop yield and quality while minimising costs and resources.
 It is also referred to as precision agriculture, satellite agriculture, and site-specific crop
management (SSCM).

100. Consider the following statements with respect to Global Stocktake (GST).
1. GST mandated by the 2015 Paris Agreement, GST is an exercise aimed at assessing the
progress in the fight against climate change.
2. The GST helps in deciding ways and means to enhance global action to bridge the

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adequacy gap.
3. The Paris Agreement says GST must be conducted every 5 years, starting in 2023.

A
Choose the correct answer from the options given below.

a) 1 and 2 only
b) 2 and 3 only
c)
d)
1 and 3 only4I
All of the above

Answer : D
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Global Stocktake (GST)

 GST – Mandated by the 2015 Paris Agreement, GST is an exercise aimed at assessing the
progress in the fight against climate change.
D

 The GST helps in deciding ways and means to enhance global action to bridge the
adequacy gap.
 The Paris Agreement says GST must be conducted every 5 years, starting in 2023.
 The actual meat in GST would come in at COP28, the year-ending climate conference, held
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in Dubai.
 The discussions just produced a short framework on the elements to be included in the
stocktake exercise.