Written essay 替换词+观点类通用表达

根据 PTE Academic Score Guide 里面 WE 的评分标准，我们仔细看下以下的两个维度：

1. Vocabulary range (词汇量): 考生的作文是否反映较大的词汇量？

词汇量的得分基于考生的用词是否具有多样性，是否适合学术环境。近义词、习惯用语以及

学术用语的运用也是评分的依据之一。最佳的作文能够准确地使用学术用语，并且恰当地运

用近义词的习惯用语以避免重复。

2. General linguistic range (语言运用的广度): 考生的作文能否准确地表达意思？

语言运用广度的得分基于考生所使用的语言能否准确地表达意思，包括清晰地描写、转换重

点、消除歧义、表述细微的语义差别，以及运用不同的问题特征来表达意思等能力。如果考

生能够正确地使用复杂的句子结构和词汇，而不是从始至终使用简单的句子结构和词汇，就

可能获得该项的满分。这是因为复杂的观点常常需要用复杂的句子结构和词汇来表达。最佳

的作文应能突出重点、表达新颖，而且清晰易懂。

关于写作这个题型，羊驼写作教研团队给出了更详细的备考方法：

第一步：首先就是挑出题干中的关键词进行替换，满足词汇量多样性及适合学术环境的评分

要求。

第二步：确定写作结构，决定文章的论述方向，结合羊驼写作模板再套入观点类的通用表达，

以满足正确地使用复杂的句子结构和词汇的要求。
我们把所有的题型归类为三种结构：

Discuss both (these) views and (to what extent) do you agree or disagree?
Do you think the advantages outweigh the disadvantages?
What is your solution?

▪ agree with sb/sth

▪ agree on/about sth
▪ go along with sth
▪ be of the same opinion about/over/of/on
▪ agree up to a point
Agree ▪ be in agreement on/with
▪ fall in with
▪ hold that
▪ be inclined to agree/think/believe etc
▪ concur with sb in sth/ concur with sth
Agree or ▪ be widely/generally/commonly held
disagree

▪ disagree with sb/sth

▪ disagree about/on/over sth
▪ take issue with sb/sth
▪ differ about/over
▪ dissent from
Disagree ▪ fall out with
▪ fall out (with somebody) over
▪ have a difference of opinion about/over/of/on sth
▪ be in conflict with
▪ irreconcilable with
▪ Contrary to popular opinion, complete sentence.
 ▪ have/enjoy/get/gain the advantage/s of doing/having sth
gain/derive a benefit
Advanta ▪ a big/great/massive/huge/slight/definite/distinct
ge advantage
▪ a great/major/substantial/direct benefit
▪ the advantages outweigh the disadvantages

Advanta
ge and ▪ the downside
disadvan ▪ shortcomings in/of
tage ▪ disadvantages of/to
▪ drawbacks of/to (doing) sth
▪ a/an/the + negative
▪ aspect/attitude/consequences/correlation/effects/side/re
Disadva inforcement
ntage
形容词 名词
main/big/great/major/serious/severe/furth disadvantage(s)
er/additional/slight/minor
big/main/major/real/serious/obvious/possi drawback(s)
ble/potential/minor/slight
obvious/perceived/fundamental/serious/mi shortcoming(s)
nor

形容词 名词
ideal/optimal/acceptable/effective/satisfactory/only/p solution(s)
ossible/alternative/quick/speedy/practical/workable/lo
ng-term
动词 名词
Solution look for/seek/work towards solution(s)
achieve/agree (on)/arrive at/come up problem/issue/
with/find/produce/reach/adopt/offer/provide/cope matter/questio
with/handle/tackle/attend to/deal with n(s)
Expose/highlight/identify/reveal/be aware shortcoming(s)
of/compensate for/eliminate/make up
for/overcome/remedy
solution to/for
 Written essay 替换词
1. Happiness and productivity
How does happiness drive productivity? Support with examples or cases.
快乐是如何推动生产力的?用例子或案例来支持。
Happiness: contentment, pleasure, enthusiasm, positive mindset, stress reduction,satisfaction,
Drive: motivate, motivation, engaged
Productivity: performance, purpose, efficiency, innovation, collaboration, work, job, employees,
decision-making abilities, creativity, teams

2. Overcrowding V2
As urban population growing, city roads are busy and public areas such as parking is packed.
People feel that city space is overcrowding. What solutions can you think of for this problem?
随着城市人口的增长，城市道路繁忙，停车场等公共区域拥挤不堪。人们觉得城市空间过
于拥挤。对于这个问题，你能想到什么解决办法?
urban population: city dwellers, metropolitan population, town residents
growing：rapid, increase
city roads: urban streets
public areas:encourage, transportation systems, investing, better infrastructure, more frequent
services, reducing ticket prices, promote alternative modes, transportation, cycling, walking,
rise-sharing services
parking: private vehicle usage, peak hours
Overcrowding：congestion

3. Teachers' salary
There is a current trend of paying teachers for students' achievements. Some people agree that
it is an incentive for teachers to link students' achievements to teachers' salary, while others
disagree. What is your opinion?
目前有一种趋势是根据学生的成绩支付教师工资。一些人同意将学生的成绩与教师的工资
挂钩是一种激励，而另一些人则不同意。你的意见是什么?
Paying: remunerate, reward
teachers: educators, instructors, mentors
Students' achievements: academic success, scholastic accomplishments, educational progress
An incentive: a motivator, a reward system, a stimulus for performance
Link: connect, associate, correlate
Achievements: attainments, successes
Salary: wages, earnings, compensation
4. Personal finance
Teenagers should receive lessons on principles of personal finance, such as investing and debt.
To what extent do you agree with this statement?
青少年应该接受有关个人理财原则的课程，比如投资和债务。你在多大程度上同意这种说
法?
Teenagers: adolescents, juveniles, youth, young adults
Lessons: teachings, instruction, education, tutorials, lectures
Principles: values, beliefs
Personal finance: money management, financial planning
Investing: putting money into, financing
Debt: owed money, liabilities, indebtedness

5. Restoration of buildings
More and more countries spend large amounts of money on the restoration of buildings
instead of on modern housing. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this analysis?
Support your writing with your experience or examples.
越来越多的国家把大量的钱花在建筑物的修复上，而不是现代住房上。你在多大程度上同
意或不同意这种分析?用你的经历或例子来说说。
Countries：nations, states, community
Money：currency, funds, wealth, waste of resources, revenue
Restoration：renovation, repair, refurbishment
Buildings：structures, architecture , tourist attractions, historic sites
Modern housing ： contemporary residences, up-to-date homes, economy, cultural landmarks,
local businesses

6. Sports facilities
Should companies provide sports facilities for employees in the workplace? Do you agree or
disagree?
公司应该在工作场所为员工提供体育设施吗?你同意还是不同意?
Companies: corporations, businesses, enterprises
Sports facilities: exercise, fitness equipment, health, work-life balance, healthier lifestyle,
productivity, group activities, communication skills
Employees: staff, workers, personnel
Workplace: office, job site, work environment, team spirit, reduce, stress levels

7. Art and culture

Art and culture can improve the quality of life, and should also be emphasized by the
government. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
艺术和文化可以提高生活质量，也应该受到政府的重视。你同意还是不同意?
Art and culture: Fine arts, performing arts, humanities, well-funded museums or galleries, critical
thinking skills, emotional intelligence, history, language, confidence
Improve: Enhance, boost, elevate
The quality of life: Standard of living, well-being, happiness, relaxation
Government: nation, authority

8. Simultaneous communication by multiple media

The simultaneous communication by multiple media helps people get accurate information. To
what extent do you agree or disagree?
多种媒介的同时传播有助于人们获得准确的信息。
Simultaneous：concurrent,coincident,at the same time
Communication：contact,interaction,conversation
Multiple：numerous,many,several,various
Media: news, TV, computer, internet,website,video,reporters, journalists, host,audience,
observers
Accurate:correct,exact,true,truthful,misleading/misunderstanding,fully understand;
Information:data,statistics,facts

9. Study or work
Some people argue that young people should concentrate on study or work, some people think
it is better to put energy in activities designed to broaden their experience, such as
international travel and volunteering. Support with examples or cases.
有些人认为年轻人应该把精力放在学习或工作上，有些人认为最好把精力放在拓展经验的
活动上，比如国际旅行和志愿服务。
young people: student,youth,teenager
study: education, learning
work: career, promotion, job,employment,profession
international travel: global exploration, overseas, journey
volunteering: community service
experience: knowledge, skill, acceptance, adaptability, balance

10. Living in a foreign country

Many people choose to emigrate to other countries. What are the advantages and
disadvantages of living in a foreign country? Discuss with your own experience.
许多人选择移民到其他国家。生活在国外的优点和缺点是什么?
emigrate：move abroad, overseas, immigration
living in a foreign country: residence, better job, high wage, employment, opportunity,
new culture,customs, new environment, social norm,
language skill, personal growth, travel, finance, personality, cost of living
homesickness,language barrier,loneliness

11. Cheaper public transportation

What are the advantages of cheaper public transportation? How to achieve the aim?
便宜的公共交通有什么好处?如何实现这一目标?
cheaper: economical, inexpensive, affordable,
low cost, low fare, expense, economy, saving, maintenance expense,
public transportation: traffic congestion, vehicle, subway, metro, bus, car,
carbon emission, noise pollution, air quality, safety, infrastructure development

12. Age restrictions

Age restrictions can be seen everywhere. It is believed that people should not do things until
they reach the right age, such as marriage, and driving. Select one activity and state the
minimum age that you think. Support with your own experiences.
年龄限制随处可见。人们认为，在达到合适的年龄之前，不应该做一些事情，比如结婚和
开车。选择一项活动，并说明你认为的最低年龄。用你自己的经历来支持。
Age restrictions: age limits, minimum age requirements, activities
The right age: appropriate age, suitable age
Marriage: family, wife, husband, children
Driving: vehicle, car
Participate, maturity, younger, teenagers, life experiences, high school , college, workforce,
independence, guidance , knowledgeable

13. Foreign language learning（AI）

Advanced technology such as artificial intelligence can translate a foreign language easily. Do
you think learning a foreign language is still necessary? Support your point of view with your
own experience.
像人工智能这样的先进技术可以很容易地翻译外语。你认为学习一门外语仍然是必要的吗?
用你自己的经历来支持。
Advanced technology: cutting-edge technology, state-of-the-art technology, advanced innovation
Artificial intelligence: machine learning, cognitive computing, automated intelligence, machine
translation services
foreign language: second language, unfamiliar tongue, non-native dialect, multilingualism,
communication, cultural context
translate: interpretation, communication
learning: study, education
14. Over-competitive
What are the advantages and the disadvantages of being over-competitive to individuals and
society?
过度竞争对个人和社会有什么好处和坏处?
over-competitive: conflict, battle, match, confrontation
pressure, ambition, personal growth, achievement, motivation, cooperation, excellence,
anxiety, depression, health problem, challenge, success, better performance,shortcut

15. High pay

Should there be a maximum wage of high-pay group? Is it good or bad?
高收入群体是否应该有最高工资标准?是好是坏?
maximum: ceiling,rank,summit,limitation
wage: profit,pay, salary, wealth, income,earning, bonus, compensation, remuneration
high-pay group: earner, well-paid, hard work, economy, standard of living, cost of living
social justice, economic stability, income inequality, motivation, job creation, business

16. The rights of privacy

Famous entertainers and sports people should give up their rights of privacy, do you agree or
disagree?
著名艺人和体育人士应该放弃他们的隐私权，你同意还是不同意?
Famous: celebrity, star, achievements
Entertainers: performers, artists, actors, musicians
Sports people: athletes, players, talents, competitors
Rights of privacy: confidentiality, secrecy, public eye, scrutiny, fans, media, spotlight, personal
lives, role models ,basic human rights
give up: abandon, quit

17. Working less hours

In the future, people will work less hours at their jobs. To what extent do you agree with it?
Please support your opinion with your own experience.
在未来，人们的工作时间将会减少。
Job: worker, labor force, occupation, employment, profession, career,
productivity, creativity, stress, efficiency, machine, automation, technological advancement,
artificial intelligence, work-life balance, overwork, exhaustion
Work less hours: reducing working hours, shorter working weeks
18. Shorten working week
Unemployment among young people is a serious problem. Some people suggest shorter
working weeks instead of laying off employees. What do you think are the advantages and
disadvantages? Is it also applicable to adults?
年轻人失业是一个严重的问题。有些人建议缩短工作时间，而不是裁员。你认为优点和缺
点是什么?这也适用于成人吗?
Unemployment: dismissal, job loss, job, career, economy, jobless
young people: youth, citizen, individual
Laying off: stop work
Employee: worker, labour force, manpower, staff
shorter: fewer, less, shorten

19. Career and family

More and more women are raising a family with a career. Please give your suggestions on a
personal level and national level.
越来越多的女性一边工作一边养家。请在个人层面和国家层面给出你的建议。
women: female, lady, mother
family: household, kin, relative, family member
career: profession, occupation, vocation, job, work, employment,
work-life balance, equal opportunity, gender equality, financial stability, gender pay gap,
stress, pressure,energy

20. Children's grow up in 21st century

It's harder for children to grow up in 21st century than it was in the past. Agree or disagree.
21 世纪的孩子比过去更难成长。同意还是不同意。
harder: tougher, difficulty, hardship,obstacle,pressure, challenge, struggle,
children: kid, young people, teenager,youth
grow up: adult, age, mature, personal growth
21st century: modern society, present time, contemporary
the past: previous generation, former, traditional, historic

21. The information revolution

The information revolution brought about by modern mass media has both positive and
negative consequences to individuals and society. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
Discuss with your own experience.
现代大众传播媒介带来的信息革命对个人和社会既有积极的影响，也有消极的影响。
Information revolution：Communication exchange, Internet website , communication tools, smart
phones
mass media: internet, electronic devices, mobile, computer,technology
consequences: addiction indulgence, efficiency, speed,higher cost,distraction,convenience
individuals and society: young generation,teenager,family member

22. Travel & Education

Whether travel is a necessary component in quality education？
旅行是否是素质教育的必要组成部分?
travel: tour, tourism, Journey, route, trip, itinerary, sightseeing, cruise, tourist
train, airplane, boat, ship
education: teaching, class, school, university, experience,student,study

23. Overburden
Nowadays, more and more people believed that overburden can help complete higher quality
in achievements. For example, professional teachers, coaches believe that this applies to
students and athletes, on the individual and national level. What is your point of view? Give
examples to support it.
如今，越来越多的人认为过度负担可以帮助完成更高质量的成就。例如，专业教师，教练
认为这适用于学生和运动员，在个人和国家层面上。
overburden：overload, overwhelming, exhausted,pressure
higher quality：outstanding, top, superior
achievement: success, advancement, breakthrough, accomplishment
teachers&coaches: tutor,educator, trainer, mentor
students: learner, trainee, apprentice
athletes: player, competitor,sportsmen

24. Work and personal life

第一种问法：Nowadays, it is important to maintain the right balance between one's/your job
and private, personal life, such as leisure time (with family members). How widespread do you
think this problem is? What problems it may bring?
第二种问法: It is claimed that it is increasingly difficult to keep the right balance between work
and other aspects of one's life such as leisure pursuits with family members. How important do
you think this balance is and why do some people consider it hard to achieve?
如今，在工作和私人生活之间保持适当的平衡是很重要的，比如(与家人的)休闲时间。你
认为这个问题有多普遍?它会带来什么问题?
Job: work,task, mission, employment
Boss, CEO, chairman, manager, leader,employer, chief
Staff, colleague, co-worker, employee, personnel
Personal&private: own, individual
Maintain (the right balance): keep, continue, build, have
Leisure time: free time, spare time
Family members: parents, kids, children
problem: issue,difficulty, challenge

25. Deduction of late submission

Some universities deduct marks from students' works if given in late, what are your views and
what action will you recommend to take?
有些大学如果学生迟交作业就会扣分，你对此有什么看法?你会建议采取什么措施?
University: school, college, institution
Professor, teacher, tutor, headmaster, supervisor, mentor, trainer
Deduct marks: punish, lower sb’s grade
Student: pupil, kid, child, classmate, trainee, apprentice
Work: homework, school work, task, mission, assignment, paper, thesis
Late: be overdue, do not meet the deadline

26. Large shopping malls or small shops

Large shopping malls are replacing small shops. How do you think the positive effects? Discuss
with appropriate examples.
大型购物中心正在取代小商店。你认为积极的影响是什么?
Shopping mall: shopping centre/street, supermarket, flagship store
Replace: change, the the place of, shift, beaten, defeat
Shop: store, stall
buyer, customer, price, product, location

27. Climate change

Global climate change is a concerning issue,who do you think should take main action on this
problem? Government,large company or individual?
全球气候变化是一个令人关注的问题，谁应该承担责任?政府、大公司还是个人?
Climate change: global warming, extreme weather, global temperature rise, increased sea levels,
deforestation, greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide
Government: authorities, local/state/federal governments,
Large company: large organizations/institutes/corporation/firm/business
Individuals: children, kids, parents, local people, natives, citizens
Action: Environmental law/legislation/regulation, policy, education, environmental-friendly
behaviors;
28. Study effectively
In order to study effectively, a student needs time, comfort and peace. So it is impossible for a
student to combine learning and employment at the same time, because one distracts the
other. To what extent do you think the statements are realistic? Support your opinion with
examples.
为了有效地学习，学生需要时间、舒适和宁静。因此，学生不可能同时把学习和工作结合
起来，因为一个会分散另一个。
Study: learn, research, review, analyze, education
Effectively: efficiency, valid, useful,availably
Student: learner, pupil, undergraduate, apprentice
Employment: work, job, task, mission, employment
Boss, CEO, chairman, manager, leader,employer, chief
Staff, colleague, co-worker, employee, personnel
Distract: distract attention from, distraction

29. Mass media

第一种问法：Mass media have an influence on human, particularly on younger generation. It
plays a vital role on shaping the opinions of people. What do you think about it?
第二种问法：The mass media including TV,radio and newspaper influence our society and
shape our opinions and characters.What is your opinion?
大众传媒对人类有影响，尤其是对年轻一代。它在形成人们的观点方面起着至关重要的作
用。你觉得怎么样?包括电视、广播和报纸在内的大众媒体影响着我们的社会，塑造了我们
的观点和性格。你的意见是什么?
Mass media: newspaper, television, radio, magazine,
Younger generation: student, learner, pupil, undergraduate, apprentice
Plays a vital role: important, significant, far-reaching, substantial
Opinion: idea, point of view, thought, impression
Shape: form, profile
Opinions: viewpoint, outlook, attitude, perspective
Characters: characteristic, personality, trait

30. Experiential learning

Some people point out that experiential learning (i.e. learning by doing it) can work well in
formal education. Nonetheless, others think a traditional form of teaching is the best. Do you
think experiential learning can work well in high schools or colleges? 与真题措辞一致
有些人指出，体验式学习(即通过做来学习)在正规教育中很有效。尽管如此，其他人认为传
统的教学形式是最好的。你认为体验式学习在高中或大学里行得通吗?

Experiential learning: practice, hands-on experience, study outside of the class/ in the
community
Formal education: study in the class, old-fashioned way/approach/method
Traditional form of teaching: theoretical teaching, theoretical learning, traditional school, a
conservative approach
school&college: university
student,course,teacher

31. Being a journalist

Being a journalist is one of the most difficult jobs in the present world. To what extent you
agree.
记者是当今世界上最困难的工作之一。你同意还是不同意?
Journalist: reporter, correspondent, writer, newscaster, Journalism, editor, interview, broadcaster,
social media
Jobs：occupations, professions, careers, vocations,work,employment

32. Experience is the best teacher

Experience is the best teacher. Some people believe it is more effective than formal school
study and books, what do you think?
经验是最好的老师。有些人认为它比正式的学校学习和书本更有效，你怎么看？
Experience: practice, achievement, accomplishment, skill, practical skills
Teacher: guide, guidance
Effective: better, valuable, important, precious, wonderful
Formal school study: traditional learning methods, outdated approach

33. Build more roads

Due to cities expanding, government should create better public transport networks rather
than build more roads for vehicle owning population. To what extent do you agree with this
statement? Give the reasons of your opinion.
由于城市的扩张，政府应该创造更好的公共交通网络，而不是为拥有汽车的人口建造更多
的道路。你在多大程度上同意这种说法?给出你的理由。
City: urban area, town, metropolis
Government: country, nation, decision-maker, authority
Public transport: bus, shuttle bus, metro, underground
Network: system
road: way,route
Vehicle: bus, motor, car, truck

34. Medical technology

Medical technology is responsive for the increasing average life expectancy. Do you think it is a
curse or a blessing?
医疗技术对日益增长的平均预期寿命作出了反应。你认为这是诅咒还是祝福?
Medical technology: science, new/modern/current/contemporary/recent/cutting-edge
technology
Be responsive for: is the result of, result in, contribute to
Life expectancy: life time, life span, age
curse: burden, disease, expense
blessing: wish, hope

35. Wealthy nation and poor nation

Wealthy nations should give their wealth to poorer nations or not?
富裕国家是否应该把他们的财富给贫穷国家?
Wealthy：rich, prosperous, well-to-do,
nation：country, region, society,state, government,independence
wealth：economy,finance,prosperity,capital,fortune,investment,property
poorer：poverty, inequality, low income
economic development, donor, charity, global stability and security, moral obligation

36. The design of buildings

How do you think that the design of building has affected, either positively or negatively, on
where people live and work?
你认为建筑设计对人们生活和工作的影响是积极的还是消极的?
Design: decoration, color, furniture, material, layout, shape
Building: construction, facility, infrastructure, house
Affect: influence, change, control
Where people live: apartment, house, unit, a high-rise building
Work: job, task, mission, employment

37. Digital media

With the increase of digital media available online, the role of the library has become obsolete.
Universities should only procure digital materials rather than constantly updated textbooks.
Discuss both the advantages and disadvantages of this position and give your own point of
view.
随着网上数字媒体的增加，图书馆的作用已经过时了。大学应该只购买数字材料，而不是
不断更新的教科书。讨论这个职位的优点和缺点

Digital: online, website, safari, Google, paperless, search, browse

Media: information, book, image, video, material, lecture notes
Library: school, institution, university
Obsolete: outdated, old, traditional, extinct, old-fashioned
Procure: buy, purchase, acquire, invest in, pay for, provide

38. Cashless society

Nowadays, there are more and more credit cards are used instead of cash. Cashless society
seems to be a reality, and how realistic this position is and what are the potential benefits or
problems? 与真题措辞一致
如今，越来越多的人使用信用卡来代替现金。无现金社会似乎是一个现实，这个立场有多
现实，潜在的好处或问题是什么?
Credit card: charge card, e-commerce, e-transaction
Cash: money, coin, banknote
Use: pay
Society: world, nation, country
Realistic: true, useful, real, make sense

39. Studying old plays

There are both problems and benefits for high school students who study plays and works of
theatres written centuries ago. Discuss and use your own experience.
高中生学习几个世纪前写的戏剧和戏剧作品既有问题也有好处。
problem: issue, trouble
benefit: advantage, privilege
Student: teacher, professor
Costume, makeup, Property ,Protagonist ,supporting role, Culture, history, Enjoyment,
entertainment, recreation
study: learn, practice, course
theatre: drama, play ,scenario, stage

40. Ageing population

In some countries, the birth rate is slowing, and the problem of an ageing population, what is
the causes and effects of this issue? How to solve this problem?
在一些国家，出生率正在放缓，人口老龄化的问题，这个问题的原因和影响是什么?如何解
决这个问题?
countries: nation,region,
birth rate: population growth, demography, fertility,mortality,children
slowing: decreasing, decelerating, reducing
ageing population: older generation, ageing community, aging society,
old people,
causes: education, career opportunities,workforce, urbanization
effects: social welfare, public healthcare system

41. Employees in decision making process

Company's top-level authorities should get their employees in decision-making process.
Discuss.
第二种问法：Employers involve their workers with decision-making about products and
services. What are the advantages and disadvantages of the policy？
公司高层应该让员工参与决策过程。
Company: office, building , work, task, mission, efficiency, goal, Pressure, challenge,
problem ,board of directors
Authorities: Boss, leader, manager, employer
decision making: Decision, direction, policy, rules and regulation
employee: worker, staff, work
working efficiency, sense of satisfaction, sense of accomplishment, productivity, motivation,
participation, management, career development

42. The pressing problem

The world's governments and organizations confront a multigrade of issues. What is the most
pressing problem facing the inhabitants of our planets and what is the solution? 与真题措辞
一致
世界各国政府和组织面临着各种各样的问题。我们星球上的居民面临的最紧迫的问题是什
么?解决办法是什么?
Pressing: urgent, crucial, important, significant, serious, vital, biggest
Problem: challenge, risk, difficulty, trouble,issue,
Government: country, nation, decision-maker, authority
Organization: group, association, company, firm, corporation
Inhabitant: citizen, people, individual, everybody, resident

43. Tourism
第一种问法：In developing countries, tourism has disadvantages, while the opposite can be
said as well. What is your opinion on this?
第二种问法：For a less developed country, the disadvantage of tourism is as great as the
advantage, show your opinion and give the reasons.
对于一个欠发达的国家来说，旅游业的缺点和优点一样大
Developing countries: less developed countries, developing regions, less developed regions
Tourism: travelling, tourists, travelers
custom, culture, commercialization, environment, trade,economy
Disadvantages: negative, a bad thing, undermine
Advantage: virtue, positive, benefit

44. Reputation or on short term strategies

Should marketing for consumer goods companies like clothing and food focus on reputation or
on short term strategies like discount and special offers?
像服装和食品这样的消费品公司的营销应该注重声誉，还是注重折扣和特价等短期策略?这
对他们的声誉有什么影响?为什么?
marketing: sale
consumer: client, customer
Companies: firm, cooperation
Focus on: pay attention to, concentrate on, establish
Reputation: high-end brands, a good fame
Short term: short period
Strategies: tips, plan

45. Children’s acts

Parents should be legally responsible for their children’s acts. What is your opinion? Support it
with personal examples.
父母对孩子的行为负有法律责任。你的意见是什么?
Parents: father, dad, mother, mom
Be responsible for: take good care of, be in charge of, control, be accountable for, teach
Responsibility: duty, supervision,
Children: kids, son, daughter,
Act: wrongdoing, criminal motive, behaviour, mistake, action, performance, attitude

46. Getting married

It is argued that getting married before finishing school or getting a job is not a good choice. To
what extent do you agree or disagree.
另外一个问法：It is foolish to get married before you complete studies and get a good job.
agree or not?
在完成学业和找到一份好工作之前结婚是愚蠢的。
Married: wife, husband, children, marriage
Complete studies: universities, college, graduates, school, education, learning
Get: obtain, achieve
job: company, firm, offer, work
foolish: stupid, fool, silly

47. Extreme sports

Extreme sports like skiing, water rafting，are dangerous and should these be banned?
另一个问法：Nowadays, more and more people engage in dangerous activities, such as sky
diving and motorcycling. Are you in favor of them? Why? Use examples to support your
opinion.
像滑雪、漂流这样的极限运动是危险的，应该禁止吗?
Extreme sports : bungee jumping, skydiving
Dangerous : safe, safety, challenge, lose lives, protective equipment, the heart attack, Health
conditions
Banned : prohibited

48. TV
第一种问法：Nowadays TV has become an essential part of life. Medium to spread news and
awareness and for some it acts like a companion. What is your opinion about this?
第二种问法：Television has many useful functions to play in everyone's life, for some its
relaxation, for some it is companion. Discuss your viewpoint and support your answer with
examples and discussion point.
第三种问法：Is television good for lonely people or not?What is your opinion about this?
如今，电视已经成为生活中必不可少的一部分。传播新闻和意识的媒介，对一些人来说，
它就像一个伴侣。你对此有何看法?
Medium: Information, news mass media, Teleplay, TV series
Functions: Influence, impact, effect, addiction, indulgence, Balance
Relaxation, entertainment, pleasure, enjoyment
companion: accompany
lonely: alone, single

49. Invention
第一种问法：The technological world nowadays changes our life, is it beneficial or not?
Describe a recent invention and explain the impact, either beneficial or detrimental, that you
feel it has had on the society.
第二种问法：Talk about the pros and cons of this era as is full of daily inventions. Any recent
invention you think proved beneficial or detrimental to society?
第三种问法：What are the advantages and disadvantages of living in an era in which new
things are constantly being invented?
当今的科技世界改变了我们的生活，它是有益的还是有害的?
invention 的替换词同下一篇 Inventions(antibiotics, airplanes and computer)
50. Inventions (antibiotics, airplanes and computer)
In the past 100 years, there are many inventions such as antibiotics, airplanes and
computer. What do you think is the most important inventions for the past 10 years? Why?
在过去的 100 年里，有许多发明，如抗生素，飞机和电脑。你认为过去 10 年最重要的发明
是什么?为什么?
Inventions: innovation, creation, creativity, creative devices, novelty
Mobile phones, cars/motors/vehicles, satellite,
Planes/flight, medicine, vaccine, antiviral drugs, internet
Life expectancy, disease, instant news/information
Long-distance travel, save time, time-saving, convenient

51. Education system

Education system that assesses the student's learning by written exam is correct? Discuss your
view?
第二种问法：Education system that assesses the student's learning by writting examinations is
a valid way. Discuss your view?
通过笔试来评估学生学习的教育体系是一种有效的方式。
Education system: formal/traditional education, school system, high/senior school, universities,
colleges
Students’ learning: students ability, academic performance, achievement, teaching methods,
subjects, team work
Written exam: mid-term exam, final test/exam

52. Law changes human behaviour.

Some people believe law changes human behaviour. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
有些人认为法律会改变人的行为。
Law: environmental law, legislation, regulation, policy, rules
Change: alter, modify, transform, re-adjust, amend
Human behavior: children/kids/teenagers/young people/youth/adults/aging population/elderly
people behaviors, actions, manners, law-abiding citizens, environmental-friendly way

53. The value of traveling is overrated.

It is often argued that the value of traveling is overrated, and that there are many brilliant
scholars who study locally. Is travel really necessary to attain a higher education?
人们常常认为旅游的价值被高估了，而且有许多杰出的学者在当地学习。旅行真的是获得
高等教育的必要条件吗?
Traveling: trip, tour, journey, long-distance travel
Overrated: overvalued, overestimated, exaggerated
Brilliant scholars: scientists, experts, expertise, professionals, specialists, masters
Higher education: public/ private/state/community universities, colleges,tertiary education
Study locally: hometown, home country, in the same place, local schools
Study: learn, get knowledge

54. Formal written assessment

Whether formal written examination can be a valid method to assess students learning. To
what extent do you agree or disagree?
另一种问法：Many education systems assess students using formal written examinations.
Those kinds of exams are a valid method. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
正式的笔试能否成为评估学生学习的有效方法?
written examination: assignment, essay, dissertation, mid-term exam, final test
students: kids, children
learning: studying, knowledge, lessons, courses, academic achievement, fulfillment,
accomplishment, attainment

55. Studying climate change

You need to study climate change. Which aspect of climate change will you choose and why?
Use examples.
假设你被分配到一项关于气候变化的研究。你会选择研究哪个领域，为什么?
Climate change: global warming, pandemic, deforestation, depletion of ozone layer（臭氧层的
消耗）
Governments, authorities, nations, countries,
International organization, multinationals, charities, companies, institutes, Red Cross
Law, legislation, regulation, policy