Model-Farms-mathematics-extension-2-trial-paper

Name: ____________________
2021 TRIAL HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION
Mathematics Extension 2
General • Reading time – 10 minutes
Instructions
• Working time – 3 hours
• Write using black pen
• Approved calculators may be used
• A reference sheet is provided at the back of this paper
• In Questions in Section II, show relevant mathematical reasoning
and/or calculations
Total marks: Section I – 10 marks (pages 3 – 6)

100
• Attempt Questions 1 – 10
• Allow about 15 minutes for this section
Section II – 90 marks (pages 7 – 36)
• Attempt Questions 11 – 16
• Allow about 1 hour and 45 minutes for this section
Model Farms High School Year 12 Extension 2 Trial Exam 2021 Page 1
BLANK PAGE
Section I
10 marks
Attempt Questions 1 – 10
Allow about 15 minutes for this section
Use the multiple-choice answer sheet for Questions 1 -10
x
1. Which of the following is an expression for  x e dx ?
2
1 2x 1 2x
A. xe − e + C
2 4 1
1 2x 1 2x
B. xe − e + C
2 2
x x
C. 2 xe 2 − 2e 2 + C
x x
D. 2 xe 2 − 4e 2 + C
2 Consider the statement x 2 = 9  x = 3 ?
Which of the following is logically equivalent to the given statement?
A. x  3  x2  9
B. x2  9  x  3
C. x = 3  x2 = 9
D. x  3  x2  9
3 Which of the following curves represent the solution of the equation z − 1 = Re( z ) + 1?
A. a straight line
B. a parabola
C. a circle
D. a semi-circle
1
4 Which of the following expressions is obtained from  2 + cos x dx after the substitution
x
t = tan ?
2
2
A.  3+t 2
dt
1
B.  3+t 2
dt
1
C.  3−t 2
dt
2
D.  3−t 2
dt
5 A particle is moving in Simple Harmonic Motion about a fixed point O on a line.

At time t seconds it has displacement x = 2cos  t metres from O.
What is the time taken by the particle to travel the first 100 metres of its motion?
A. 20 seconds
B. 25 seconds
C. 50 seconds
D. 100 seconds
6 Which of the following statements is NOT true?

1
A. (e x
− e− x ) dx = 0
−1

1
B. tan −1 x dx = 0
−1
C.
 0
cos 2 x dx = 0

2
D. x sin x dx = 0

−
2
7 Given that x and y are real numbers, which of the following is a true statement?
A. y ( x : x = y )
B. y ( x : x  y )
C. y ( x : x  y )
D. y ( x : x = − y )
2 i
8 The equation z = 1 has roots 1, ,  ,  ,  where  = e
5 2 3 4 5
.
What is the value of (1 −  ) (1 −  2 )(1 −  3 )(1 −  4 ) ?
A. −5
B. −4
C. 4
D. 5
9 Forces of 10N and 8N act on a body as shown below.
What is the resultant force acting on the body correct to one decimal place?
A. magnitude 15.6 N and act at 49.1 to the 10 N force
B. magnitude 15.6 N and act at 26.3 to the 10 N force
C. magnitude 15.6 N and act at 33.7 to the 10 N force
D. magnitude 9.2 N and act at 49.1 to the 10 N force
a b
10 Given +  2 for real numbers a  0, b  0 , which of the following
b a
is true for all real numbers a, b, c where a  0, b  0, c  0 ?
b+c c+a a+b a b c

A. + +  6 AND + + 3
a b c b+c c+a a+b
b+c c+a a+b a b c

B. + +  12 AND + + 3
a b c b+c c+a a+b
b+c c+a a+b a b c 3

C. + +  6 AND + + 
a b c b+c c+a a+b 2
b+c c+a a+b a b c 3

D. + +  12 AND + + 
a b c b+c c+a a+b 2
Section II
90 marks
Attempt Questions 11 – 16
Allow about 2 hours and 45 minutes for this section
Answer each question in the writing booklets provided. Extra writing booklets are available.
In Questions 11 – 16 your responses should include relevant mathematical reasoning and/or calculations.
Question 11 (15 marks)
(a) (i) Write 1 + i 3 in modulus argument form 2
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( )
6
(ii) Hence find the value of 1 + i 3 2
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Question 11 continued on page 8
Question 11 ( continued)
( )
n
(iii) Is it possible that 1 + i 3 where n is an integer to be purely imaginary? 2
Give reasons for your answer.
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(b) (i) Find the square roots of 3 + 4i. 2
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(ii) Hence or otherwise solve the equation 2
z 2 + iz − 1 − i = 0.
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Question 11 (continued)
1− x A Bx + C
(c) (i) Find A, B and C such that  + 2
(1 + x)(1 + x ) 1 + x 1 + x 2
2
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
1
1− x
(ii) Hence find in simplest exact form dx 3
(1 + x)(1 + x 2 )
0
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(a) A sphere 𝑆1 with centre 𝒄 = 2𝒊 + 2𝒋 + 2𝒌 passes through 𝒂 = 4𝒊 + 4𝒋 + 4𝒌 .
(i) Find the Cartesian equation of 𝑆1 . 2

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(b) A second sphere, 𝑆2, has equation (𝑥 − 2)2 + (𝑦 − 2)2 + (𝑧 − 5)2 = 1. Find the
equation of the circle in which 𝑆1 and 𝑆2 intersect and state the centre and radius of
this circle. 3
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(c) Use proof by contradiction to show that log 2 5 is irrational. 3
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(d) In an Argand diagram the point P represents z1 = 3 + 2i , the point Q represents

12 − 5i
z2 = and O is the origin. The centre C of the circle passing through P, Q
z1
and O represent z3 .
(i) Express z2 in the form a + ib where a and b are real. 2
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
(ii) Show that POQ =
. 1
2
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(iii) Express z3 in the form a + ib where a and b are real. 2
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(e) Sketch the region in the Argand diagram where 2
 
z + 2  2 and −  arg( z + 3)  .
6 3
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(a) It is given that a  0 and b  0 are real numbers. Consider the statement 2
 1 
a  b, log 1 = log a b  .
 a b 
Either prove the statement is true or provide a counter example.
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1 1
(b) Let I n =  dx for n = 1, 23,...
0
(1 + x )
2 n
(i) Evaluate I1 in simplest exact form. 1
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(ii) Show that 2nI n+1 = 2− n + (2n − 1) I n for n = 1, 2,3,... 3
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(iii) Evaluate I3 in simplest exact form. 2
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(c) (i) Prove that x2 + y 2 + z 2  xy + yz + xz for x, y and z positive real 2

numbers.
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1 1 1 9
(ii) The inequality + +  holds for x, y and z positive 2
x y z x+ y+z
real numbers. (Do NOT prove this).
Given that x, y and z are positive real numbers with x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 9,

prove that
1 1 1 3
+ +  .
1 + xy 1 + yz 1 + xz 4
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x 2 − 25
(d) Find  x
dx using x = 5sec . 3
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(a) A particle is moving in a straight line. At time t seconds it has displacement x
metres from a fixed point O on the line, where x is given by
x = 1 + cos 2t + sin 2t.
(i) Express x in the form x = 1 + A cos ( 2t −  ) for constants A  0 and 2


0   .
2
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(ii) Find the first time the particle reaches O and its initial position. 2
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(ii) Find correct to 2 decimal places the average speed of the particle during the 2
time it takes to first reach O.
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(b) A sequence of numbers an , n = 1, 2,3,... is given by a1 = 2 and an+1 = 2 + an 3

for n  1.
  
Use mathematical Induction to show that an = 2cos  n +1  for all positive
2 
integers n  1.
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(c) A particle of mass m kg is dropped from rest in a medium which causes a resistance
of mkv, where v m/s is the particles’ velocity and k is a constant.
g
(i) Show that the terminal velocity, VT = . 1
k
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1 1
(ii) VT is log e 2.
Show that the time taken to reach a velocity of 2
2 k
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(iii) Find the distance travelled in this time. 3
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(a) A particle is moving in a straight line so that at time t seconds it has displacement x
metres from a fixed point O on the line, velocity v ms−1 and acceleration a ms −2
x
given by a = e 2 .
Initially the particle is at O and moving with a speed of 2 ms −1 while slowing down.
x
(i) Show that v = −2e 4 . 2
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(ii) Find expressions for x, v and a in terms of t . 4
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(iii) Describe the subsequent motion of the particle. 1
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(b) A line passes through the points 𝐴 (1, 3, −2) and 𝐵 (2, −1, 5).
(i) Show that the vector equation of the line AB is given by: 2
𝒓 = (𝒊 + 3𝒋 − 2𝒌) + 𝜆1 (𝒊 − 4𝒋 + 7𝒌) , 𝜆1 ∈ 𝑅.
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(ii) Determine if the point 𝐶 (3, 4, 9) lies on the line. 1
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(iii) Consider a line with parametric equations 𝑥 = 1 − 𝜆2, 𝑦 = 2 + 3𝜆2 , 𝑧 = −1 + 𝜆2 .
Assuming this line is neither parallel nor perpendicular to AB, determine whether
the lines intersect or are skew. 3
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(c) Three positive real numbers a, b and c are such that a + b + c = 1 and a  b  c . 2
By considering the expansion of (a + b + c)2 , or otherwise show that
5a 2 + 3b 2 + c 2  1
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+ uf (t ) = g (t ) and F '(t ) = f (t ), by considering ue F (t )  , show that

du d
(a) If 2
dt dt
u = e − F (t )  e F (t ) g (t )dt.
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(b) The point P on the Argand diagram represents the complex number z = a + rei 2
where a and r are constant.
Give a precise description of the locus of P as  varies.
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(c) When a projectile is fired with velocity V ms-1 at an angle  above the horizontal the horizontal and
vertical displacements (in metres) from the point of projection at time t seconds are given by
1
x = Vt cos  and y = Vt sin  − gt 2
2
respectively where g is the acceleration due to gravity.
(i) A projectile is fired horizontally with velocity V ms −1 from the 3

top of a cliff. The projectile hits a fixed target in the water after T seconds.
1 2
Show that the height of the cliff is given by H =
gT metres.
2
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(ii) It is found that the target can also be hit by firing a projectile from the top 3
of the cliff at an angle  above the horizontal with the same initial speed
V ms-1 . Show that:
2V
tan  =
gT
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(d) (i) Show that for x  0, x  loge (1 + x). 2
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 n! for positive integers n = 1, 2,3,... .

n
C2
(ii) Hence show that e 3
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2021 Trial HSC Examination
Mathematics Advanced
REFERENCE SHEET
Model Farms High School
2021 Trial Higher School Certificate Examination
Name ______________________________________________________
Section I – Multiple Choice Answer Sheet
Allow about 15 minutes for this section

Select the alternative A, B, C or D that best answers the question. Fill in the response oval
completely.
Sample: 2+4= (A) 2 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 9

A B C D
If you think you have made a mistake, put a cross through the incorrect answer and fill in the new
answer.
A B C D
If you change your mind and have crossed out what you consider to be the correct answer, then
indicate the correct answer by writing the word correct and drawing an arrow as follows.
A B C D
1. A B C D
2. A B C D
3. A B C D
4. A B C D
5. A B C D
6. A B C D
7. A B C D
8. A B C D
9. A B C D
10. A B C D
43
Model Farms High School Extension 2 HSC Trial 2021

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2021 TRIAL HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

Total marks: Section I – 10 marks (pages 3 – 6)

Section II – 90 marks (pages 7 – 36)

Use the multiple-choice answer sheet for Questions 1 -10

2 Consider the statement x 2 = 9  x = 3 ?

Which of the following is logically equivalent to the given statement?

5 A particle is moving in Simple Harmonic Motion about a fixed point O on a line.

6 Which of the following statements is NOT true?

What is the value of (1 −  ) (1 −  2 )(1 −  3 )(1 −  4 ) ?

9 Forces of 10N and 8N act on a body as shown below.

A. magnitude 15.6 N and act at 49.1 to the 10 N force

B. magnitude 15.6 N and act at 26.3 to the 10 N force

C. magnitude 15.6 N and act at 33.7 to the 10 N force

D. magnitude 9.2 N and act at 49.1 to the 10 N force

b+c c+a a+b a b c

b+c c+a a+b a b c

b+c c+a a+b a b c 3

b+c c+a a+b a b c 3

Question 11 (15 marks)

(a) (i) Write 1 + i 3 in modulus argument form 2

(b) (i) Find the square roots of 3 + 4i. 2

Question 11 continued on page 10

Question 11 continued on page 11

(a) A sphere 𝑆1 with centre 𝒄 = 2𝒊 + 2𝒋 + 2𝒌 passes through 𝒂 = 4𝒊 + 4𝒋 + 4𝒌 .

(i) Find the Cartesian equation of 𝑆1 . 2

Question 12 continued on page 13

(c) Use proof by contradiction to show that log 2 5 is irrational. 3

Question 12 continued on page 14

(d) In an Argand diagram the point P represents z1 = 3 + 2i , the point Q represents

(i) Express z2 in the form a + ib where a and b are real. 2

Question 12 continued on page 15

(iii) Express z3 in the form a + ib where a and b are real. 2

(e) Sketch the region in the Argand diagram where 2

Either prove the statement is true or provide a counter example.

Question 13 continued on page 17

(i) Evaluate I1 in simplest exact form. 1

(ii) Show that 2nI n+1 = 2− n + (2n − 1) I n for n = 1, 2,3,... 3

(iii) Evaluate I3 in simplest exact form. 2

(c) (i) Prove that x2 + y 2 + z 2  xy + yz + xz for x, y and z positive real 2

Question 13 continued on page 19

Given that x, y and z are positive real numbers with x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 9,

Question 13 continued on page 20

Question 14 (15 marks)

x = 1 + cos 2t + sin 2t.

(i) Express x in the form x = 1 + A cos ( 2t −  ) for constants A  0 and 2

Question 14 continued on page 22

Question 14 continued on page 23

(b) A sequence of numbers an , n = 1, 2,3,... is given by a1 = 2 and an+1 = 2 + an 3

Question 14 continued on page 24

Question 14 continued on page 25

(iii) Find the distance travelled in this time. 3

(ii) Find expressions for x, v and a in terms of t . 4

(iii) Describe the subsequent motion of the particle. 1

Question 15 continued on page 28

(ii) Determine if the point 𝐶 (3, 4, 9) lies on the line. 1

(iii) Consider a line with parametric equations 𝑥 = 1 − 𝜆2, 𝑦 = 2 + 3𝜆2 , 𝑧 = −1 + 𝜆2 .

the lines intersect or are skew. 3

Question 15 continued on page 30

By considering the expansion of (a + b + c)2 , or otherwise show that

+ uf (t ) = g (t ) and F '(t ) = f (t ), by considering ue F (t )  , show that

Question 16 continued on page 32

Give a precise description of the locus of P as  varies.

Question 16 continued on page 33