Student Name: ____________________________________

MOOREBANK HIGH SCHOOL

TRIAL HIGHER SCHOOL

2021 CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

Mathematics Extension 2
(Examiner – Mr Robinson)

 General Instructions Total Marks – 100

 Reading time – 10 minutes
 Working time – 180 minutes Section I
Pages 3 – 5
 Submission time – 15 minutes
 Write using black/blue pen 10 marks

 NESA-approved calculators may be used  Attempt Questions 1 – 10

 Allow about 15 minutes for this section
 A reference sheet is provided at the back
of this paper
Section II
 In Questions 11 – 16, show relevant Pages 7 – 12
mathematical reasoning and/or
calculations 90 marks
 Attempt Questions 11 – 16
 Allow about 2 hours and 45 minutes for this
section
Section I

10 marks
Attempt Questions 1 – 10.
Allow about 15 minutes for this section.

Use the multiple-choice answer sheet for Questions 1 – 10.

1. What is the number 4 4√3𝑖 , when it is written in modulus-argument form?

A. 8 cos 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛

B. 8 cos 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛

C. 8 cos 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛

D. 8 cos 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛

2. The polynomial 𝑃 𝑥 𝑥 3𝑥 7𝑥 13𝑥 12𝑥 4 has a root of multiplicity 3 at

𝑥 1. 𝑃 𝑥 also has a root at 𝑥 2𝑖.

Which of the following is a factorised form of 𝑃 𝑥 over the complex field?

A. 𝑃 𝑥 𝑥 1 𝑥 2𝑖

B. 𝑃 𝑥 𝑥 1 𝑥 2𝑖 𝑥 2𝑖

C. 𝑃 𝑥 𝑥 1 𝑥 2𝑖

D. 𝑃 𝑥 𝑥 1 𝑥 2𝑖 𝑥 2𝑖

3. What is the equation of the vector joining (4, 7, 5) to (2, 3, 1)?

2 6
A. 𝑟
~
3  10
1 4
2 6
B. 𝑟
~
3  4
1 4
4 6
C. 𝑟
~
7  10
5 4
4 6
D. 𝑟
~
7  10
5 4
4. Mathematical induction is used to prove 4 3𝑛 7 for all integers 𝑛 1. Which of the
following sections of the proof includes an incorrect statement?

A. Let n = 2 (given n > 1)

4 3 2 7

16 13 True

B. Assume true for n = k.

i.e. 4 3𝑘 7

C. Prove true for n = k + 1

i. e, prove that ∶ 4 3 𝑘 1 7

4 3𝑘 10

Assumption is 4 3𝑘 7

4 4 4 3𝑘 7

4 12𝑘 28

D. Now for 𝑛 1, 12𝑘 3𝑘 and 28 10

∴ 12𝑘 28 3𝑘 10
4 3𝑘 10
4 3 𝑘 1 7

∴ True for n = k+1 if true for n = k.

∴ By mathematical induction, 4 3𝑛 7 for all integers 𝑛 1.

5. Consider the vectors ~𝑠 = 2𝑖~ 3𝑗 𝑘

~
and ~𝑡 𝑖
~
2𝑗 3𝑘
~
.
~ ~

What is the unit vector in the direction of ~𝑠 𝑡?

~

A. 3𝑖~ 5𝑗 4𝑘~
√ ~

B. 𝑖
~
2𝑗 3𝑘~
√ ~

C. 2𝑖~ 3𝑗 𝑘
~
√ ~

D. 3𝑖~ 5𝑗 4𝑘~
√ ~

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6. A particle moving with simple harmonic motion has speeds of 24 m/s and 32 m/s, when its
distances from the centre of motion are 4 metres, and 3 metres, respectively.
Find the period of the motion.
A. seconds

B. seconds

C. seconds

D. seconds

7. Evaluate:

sin 2𝑥 cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥.

A.

B.

C.

D.

8. Let 𝑢
~
𝑖
~
2𝑗 3𝑘~ and 𝑣
~
3𝑖~ 𝑗 2𝑘~.
~ ~

What is the value of 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑗 𝑣

~
?

A. 3𝑖~ 𝑗 2𝑘~
~

B. 𝑖
~
2𝑗 3𝑘~
~

√
C. 3𝑖~ 𝑗 2𝑘~
~

√
D. 𝑖
~
2𝑗 3𝑘~
~

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9. The velocity of a particle moving in a straight line is given by 𝑣 12 𝑥 where x metres is
the distance from fixed point O, v is the velocity in metres per second and a is the acceleration
in metres per second squared. Initially the particle is at O.
Which expression is a in terms of 𝑥?

A. 𝑎 𝑥 12

B. 𝑎 𝑥 24

C. 𝑎 𝑥 12

D. 𝑎 𝑥 24

10. Let 𝜔 be a complex cube root of unity.

Evaluate 1 𝜔 𝜔 .

A. 32𝜔2

B. 32𝜔2

C. 32𝜔

D. 64𝜔

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 Section II

90 marks
Attempt Questions 11 – 16.

Allow about 2 hours and 45 minutes for this section.

Answer each question on a new page.

For questions in Section II, your responses should include relevant mathematical reasoning and/or
calculations.

Question 11 (15 marks) Use a new page.

(a) If 𝐴 8 8√3𝑖 :
(i) Show that A can have a value of 2 2√3𝑖. 2

(ii) Express A in Modulus-Argument form. 2

(iii) Hence find the value of 𝐴 in cartesian form. 1

(iv) Given that 𝑍 𝑥 𝑖𝑦 and 𝐵 2 3𝑖, sketch the region given by: 2
|𝑍 𝐵| 3.

(b) Factorise the equation 𝑃 𝑥 𝑥 7𝑥 17𝑥 𝑥 26 0, given that one of the 3

roots is 3 2𝑖 .

(c) Let 𝑍 𝑅 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃1 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑍 𝑅 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃2 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃2 . Prove that:

(i) 𝑍𝑍 𝑅 𝑅 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝜃 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝜃 . 2

(ii) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝜃 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 𝜃 . 2

(d) Evaluate 𝑖 . 1

End of Question 11

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Question 12 (15 marks) Use a new page.

 x ln x dx
(a)
Find:
2

(b) (i) Find constants 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑐 such that:

2

2
(ii) Hence find: 𝑑𝑥


(c) 4

 2 d
By making the substitution t  tan , evaluate
2 0 1  sin   cos 

(d) Find the intersections of the line ~𝑟 𝑖 2𝑗 3𝑘 𝑡 2𝑖~ 𝑗 2𝑘 with the sphere: 3
~ ~ ~ ~ ~

𝑟
~
𝑖
~
2𝑗 3𝑘
~
6.
~

(e) On an Argand diagram, the point A represents the complex number z, the point C 2
represents the complex number w and the point B represents the complex number z + w,
with O being the origin.

Describe the geometric properties of the quadrilateral OABC, providing full reasoning for
your answer, given that 𝑧 𝑤 3𝑖 𝑧 𝑤 .

End of Question 12

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Question 13 (15 marks) Use a new page.

(a) Given that x and y are two unequal positive numbers, show that the average of the squares 3
of x and y is greater than the square of the average of x and y.

(b) If  is a complex root of the equation 𝑥 1.

(i) Show that the other complex root is  and that 1 +  +  0. 2

(ii) Find, in its simplest form, the cubic equation whose roots are 3
𝑝 𝑞, 𝑝𝜔 𝑞𝜔 , 𝑝𝜔 𝑞𝜔, where p and q are real numbers.

(c) Let n be a positive integer, and let 𝐼 log 𝑥 𝑑𝑥.

2
(i) Prove that 𝐼 𝑥 log 𝑥 𝑛𝐼 .

(ii) Hence find the exact value of : 2

log 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

in terms of log 2 .

(d) Consider the line ~𝑟 2𝑖~ 𝑗 3𝑘 𝜆 𝑗 3𝑘 .

~ ~ ~ ~

(i) Find the vector equation of the line through 2, 3, 1 parallel to the line ~𝑟. 1

(ii) Find the vector equation of a line which passes through 2, 3, 1 , which is 2
perpendicular to the line ~𝑟 and is parallel to the 𝑦𝑧 -plane.

End of Question 13

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Question 14 (15 marks) Use a new page.

(a) Find the angle between 𝑎

~
2𝑖~ 3𝑗 5𝑘
~
and 𝑏
~
5𝑖~ 3𝑗 7𝑘
~
, correct to the 3
~ ~
nearest minute.

(b) Here is a method which can be used to approximate the square root of a positive number x.

First, choose a number a which is the largest whole number such that a2 < x2.

Then choose a rational number b such that ab = x.

The new approximation is 𝑐 .

e.g If x = 112, a = 10 since 102 = 100 and 112 = 121.

Then b = 11.2 so that 10 × 11.2 = 112.

.
So, 𝑐 10.6.

(i) Show that √𝑥. 2

(ii) Using a proof by contradiction, show that is a closer approximation to √𝑥 2

than a.

(c) A particle’s motion is simple harmonic in a straight line. At time t seconds its displacement
from a fixed point O in the line is x metres given by:

𝑥 1 √2cos 3𝑡
1
(i) Show that 𝑥 9 𝑥 1
2
(ii) Find the time taken for the particle to first pass through the point O.

Question 14 continues on page 10

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Question 14 (continued)

(d) (i) By letting 𝑢 𝑎 𝑥, prove that:

1
𝑓 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑓 𝑎 𝑥 𝑑𝑥.

(ii) Consider 𝑓 𝑥 , where 0 𝑥 and 𝑓 0. 2

Show that 𝑓 𝑥 𝑓 𝑥 1.

(iii) Hence evaluate : 2

𝑑𝑥
.
1 tan 𝑥

End of Question 14

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Question 15 (15 marks) Use a new page.

(a) A sequence of numbers 𝑈 is such that: 5

𝑈 3 and 𝑈 2𝑈 – 7 for 𝑛 1.
Use the method of mathematical induction to prove that 𝑈 5 2 7 for 𝑛 1.

(b) A particle of unit mass moves in a straight line against a resistance equal to v  v 2 , where v
is its velocity in m/s.

Initially the particle is at the origin and is travelling with velocity q where q > 0.

(i) Show that v is related to displacement by the formula x   ln 1  v   c . 2

(ii) Show that the time t which has elapsed when the particle is travelling with velocity 3
q 1  v 
v is given by t  ln .
v 1  q 

(iii) Find v as a function of t. 2

(iv) Find the value of v as t   . 1

(c) For a complex number z, shade the region of the Argand Plane in which: 2
|𝑧| 3 and 2 Im 𝑧 2.

End of Question 15

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Question 16 (15 marks) Use a new page.

(a) An object of mass 50 kg falls from a height under a gravitational acceleration

of g and air resistance of 0.1v newtons.

(i) By starting with: 3

𝐹 𝑚𝑎
50𝑔 0.1𝑣 50 𝑎

Show that 𝑡 500 ln .

.

(ii) Find the velocity of the object after time t. 1

(iii) How far has the object fallen after time t? 2

(b) If 𝑧 cos 𝜃 𝑖sin 𝜃.

(i) Show that 𝑧 2𝑖 sin 𝑛𝜃. 2

1 5 2
(ii) Using the expansion of 𝑧 , show that:
𝑧

(iii) Hence evaluate: 2

sin 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 .

(c) A ball is thrown with velocity v ms-1, at an angle  to the horizontal. 3

Show that the trajectory of the ball can be represented by the equation:
𝑔𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥
𝑦 𝑥𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 .
2𝑣
.

End of paper

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 2021 TRIAL HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION
Mathematics Advanced
Mathematics Extension 1
Mathematics Extension 2
REFERENCE SHEET

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- 14 -
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 Moorebank High School
2021 Trial Higher School Certificate Examination
Mathematics Extension 2

Name ________________________________ Teacher: ROBINSON

Section I – Multiple Choice Answer Sheet

Allow about 15 minutes for this section

Select the alternative A, B, C or D that best answers the question. Fill in the response oval completely.

Sample: 2+4= A. 2 B. 6 C. 8 D. 9
A B C D

If you think you have made a mistake, put a cross through the incorrect answer and fill in the new
answer.
A B C D

If you change your mind and have crossed out what you consider to be the correct answer, then
indicate the correct answer by writing the word correct and drawing an arrow as follows.

A B C D

1. A B C D
2. A B C D
3. A B C D
4. A B C D
5. A B C D
6. A B C D
7. A B C D
8. A B C D
9. A B C D
10. A B C D

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