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Download World History Before 1600 The Development of Early Civilization Volume I 5th Edition Upshur Test Bank online ebook textbook full chapter pdf
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Chapter 5 – Disruption and Renewal in West Asia and Europe
IDENTIFICATION
1. Diaspora
ANS:
2. Essenes
ANS:
3. Josephus
ANS:
4. Masada
ANS:
5. Pharisees
ANS:
6. Qumran
ANS:
7. Sadducees
ANS:
8. Sanhedrin
ANS:
9. Sicarii
ANS:
10. Talmud
ANS:
11. Zealots
ANS:
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which statement about Judaism or Jewish-Roman relations in the early Roman Empire is false?
a. There were divergences among groups such as the Sadducees and Pharisees.
b. The Zealots and Sicarii urged armed insurrection.
c. The revolt of 66-70 C.E. ended in a treaty favorable to the Jews.
d. The destruction of the temple in Jerusalem permanently embittered Jews against Romans.
e. none of these choices
ANS: C REF: p. 224-225
7. The scattering of Jews around the eastern Mediterranean in the aftermath of the destruction of
Jerusalem is known as
a. Holocaust.
b. deportation.
c. Diaspora.
d. pogrom.
e. none of these choices
ANS: C REF: p. 224-225
8. Which of the following was not among the requirements that members of the Qumran community had
to abide by?
a. to be just in dealings with others
b. to be truthful
c. to be pious toward God
d. to be baptized
e. none of these choices
ANS: E REF: p. 226
1. What effect did the loss of their temple at Jerusalem have on the attitudes and observances of devote
Jews?
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
Early Christianity
IDENTIFICATION
1. Augustine
ANS:
ANS:
3. codex
ANS:
4. Constantine
ANS:
5. Edict of Milan
ANS:
6. Edict of Toleration
ANS:
7. Eucharist
ANS:
8. Galerius
ANS:
9. Gospels
ANS:
ANS:
11. Jerome
ANS:
12. Jesus
ANS:
13. Nicene Creed
ANS:
14. papacy
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
MULTIPLE CHOICE
2. Among the more recent religious imports to the early Roman Empire were the cults of
a. Jupiter and Bacchus.
b. Bacchus and Cybele.
c. Cybele and Isis.
d. Isis and Mithras.
e. none of these
ANS: D REF: p. 228
5. The temptation of Jesus during his forty days and nights in the desert is somewhat like the temptation
of
a. Buddha.
b. Zoroaster.
c. Shiva.
d. Zeus.
e. Mithras.
ANS: A REF: p. 228
7. Which of the following statements about Jesus, as he is described in the Gospels, is false?
a. He respected the Jewish scriptures and agreed with the Pharisees on matters of Sabbath
observance, food laws, and ritual purity.
b. He believed the Sadducees had corrupted the Jerusalem Temple for personal gain.
c. He was popular with the masses.
d. Roman and Jewish officials arrested, tried, convicted, and crucified him as an agitator.
e. none of these
ANS: A REF: p. 229
9. The first recorded persecution of Christians took place during the reign of
a. Augustus.
b. Nero.
c. Domitian.
d. Diocletian.
e. Galerius.
ANS: B REF: p. 229
10. The Emperor Trajan, in his letter to Pliny the Younger regarding policy to be followed in dealing with
Christians, said that
a. they should be hunted down.
b. those who try to deny that they are (or were) Christian should not be acquitted.
c. if they are brought before you and convicted, they should be punished.
d. all of these choices
e. none of these
ANS: C REF: p. 229
12. By the end of the fourth century, the only legal religions in the Roman Empire were
a. Judaism and Christianity.
b. Christianity and Greco-Roman paganism.
c. Christianity and Mithraism.
d. Zoroastrianism and Christianity.
e. none of these pairs
ANS: A REF: p. 231
SHORT ANSWER
ANS:
2. Summarize the contributions of Paul of Tarsus to the growth of Christianity. Describe both his shaping
of doctrine and his practical work to spread the faith.
ANS:
ANS:
Upheaval and Transition in Western Europe
IDENTIFICATION
1. Aachen
ANS:
ANS:
3. Attila
ANS:
4. Benedict of Nursia
ANS:
5. Burgundy
ANS:
6. Carolingian Renaissance
ANS:
7. Charlemagne
ANS:
8. Clovis
ANS:
9. Erik the Red
ANS:
10. feudalism
ANS:
11. Franks
ANS:
12. Huns
ANS:
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14. Lombards
ANS:
15. Magyars
ANS:
16. Odoacer
ANS:
17. Ostrogoths
ANS:
18. Pepin
ANS:
ANS:
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21. Vandals
ANS:
22. vassal
ANS:
23. Vikings
ANS:
24. Vinland
ANS:
25. Visigoths
ANS:
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Besides nobles, the only fully free persons in the early Germanic states of western Europe were
a. soldiers and artisans.
b. merchants and clergy.
c. serfs and merchants.
d. property owners and serfs.
e. none of these
ANS: B REF: p. 236
2. The movement of these nomad horsemen westward out of the steppes of Asia resulted in increased
pressure on the borders of the Roman Empire. The same people fought with the forces of the Han
Empire.
a. Huns
b. Burgundians
c. Visigoths
d. Ostrogoths
e. none of these choices
ANS: A REF: p. 234
3. Not among the reasons that have been suggested for the decline and fall of the Roman Empire is
a. Christianity.
b. economic collapse.
c. lead poisoning.
d. soil exhaustion.
e. none of these choices
ANS: E REF: p. 235
4. The best explanation for the fall of the Roman Empire in the west is
a. depopulation due to plague.
b. protracted drought.
c. slavery as a disincentive to technological advance.
d. intensified barbarian pressure directed against thinly spread defense forces.
e. none of these choices
ANS: D REF: p. 235
5. Which of the following is NOT true about Germanic rulers in the years following the collapse of the
Western Roman Empire?
a. They incorporated both Christian and Roman elements into their government.
b. They used Latin in royal documents and law codes.
c. They continued to regard their subjects as pagans.
d. They anointed their kings at coronation.
e. They regarded the defense of the faith as a royal duty.
ANS: C REF: p. 238
6. King Clovis
a. was baptized a Roman Catholic Christian shortly before 500.
b. was an Arian Christian, like most Germanic peoples.
c. lost considerable territories during struggles with the Visigoths and Burgundians.
d. was constantly at odds with the Byzantine emperor.
e. none of these choices
ANS: A REF: p. 238
7. Not among the territories under the control of the Carolingian Empire was that of present-day
a. France.
b. Belgium.
c. Luxembourg.
d. Netherlands.
e. Greece.
ANS: E REF: p. 240
8. In 800, this Pope crowned Charlemagne the Emperor of Rome, thus exalting him above the other
Germanic rulers.
a. Adrian I
b. Leo III
c. Stephen IV
d. Gregory IV
e. Leo IV
ANS: B REF: p. 239
9. Around 500 C.E., the group that was not prominent in western Europe was the
a. Franks.
b. Burgundians.
c. Alemanni.
d. Vikings.
e. Saxons.
ANS: D REF: p. 237
10. Which of the following territories was NOT added to the expanding Frankish Kingdom by
Charlemagne?
a. Bavaria
b. The Duchy of Benevento
c. Venetia
d. Brittany
e. The Spanish March
ANS: B REF: p. 240
11. Not among the problems the Christian faced in western Europe in first few centuries after the fall of
the Roman Empire was
a. reduction of its territory owing to the expansion of Islam.
b. doctrinal and organizational differences between Greek and Latin churches.
c. prevalence of superstition.
d. a clergy too absorbed in education and theological learning.
e. none of these choices
ANS: D REF: p. 240-241
12. What percentage of surviving Roman literature was passed on to later ages in Carolingian manuscript
form?
a. 10
b. 25
c. 50
d. 75
e. 90
ANS: E REF: p. 243
14. Not among the areas that the Vikings conquered or made expeditions to was
a. England.
b. France.
c. Russia.
d. Newfoundland.
e. none of these choices
ANS: E REF: p. 244
SHORT ANSWER
1. Why did the western but not the eastern half of the Roman Empire fall in the fifth century?
ANS:
2. Describe briefly the character and operation of early Germanic kingship.
ANS:
3. What were the basic responsibilities of dukes and counts in the Carolingian system of government?
ANS:
4. What was the traditional German custom of dividing property among a deceased father's sons? How
did it complicate the issue of dynastic succession?
ANS:
5. Discuss the role of counts and dukes within the Carolingian state.
ANS:
ANS:
7. Describe the cultural and literary activities that justify the term "Carolingian Renaissance."
ANS:
IDENTIFICATION
1. Anselm of Bec
ANS:
2. Black Death
ANS:
3. chansons de geste
ANS:
4. Cistercians
ANS:
5. Curia
ANS:
6. Dante Alighieri
ANS:
7. Dominicans
ANS:
8. Edward I
ANS:
9. fabliaux
ANS:
ANS:
11. Franciscans
ANS:
12. Genoa
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
15. guild
ANS:
16. Hansa
ANS:
17. Henry II
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
21. Magna Carta
ANS:
22. manor
ANS:
23. Parliament
ANS:
ANS:
25. Philip IV
ANS:
ANS:
27. romance
ANS:
ANS:
29. scholasticism
ANS:
30. Song of Roland
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
33. Venice
ANS:
ANS:
MULTIPLE CHOICE
6. Which of the following was not an area of significant trade in medieval Europe?
a. Spain
b. Italy
c. northern Scandinavia
d. central Europe
e. France
ANS: C REF: p. 248
7. By the thirteenth century, the primary merchants of northern Europe were the
a. Scandinavians.
b. Germans.
c. English.
d. Vikings.
e. Jews.
ANS: B REF: p. 248
8. By the late fourteenth century, the Italian city that profited most from trade relations with the east was
a. Venice.
b. Pisa.
c. Rome.
d. Naples.
e. Palermo.
ANS: A REF: p. 248
9. Which of these was not usually a provision of town charters?
a. exemption of inhabitants from servile obligations
b. permission for the inhabitants to rent land and buildings
c. protection from arbitrary seizure of property
d. permission for the inhabitants to make laws
e. none of these choices
ANS: E REF: p. 250
12. Which of these was not among the beliefs generally held by medieval Christians?
a. God was one, almighty, all-knowing, just and merciful.
b. Baptism cleansed individuals of original sin and initiated them into the Christian
fellowship.
c. The universe, created by God, was orderly, but in it human beings had no special place or
destiny.
d. God sent Jesus Christ to redeem humans and qualify them for heaven.
e. none of these choices
ANS: C REF: p. 253
14. Which statement about the treatment of Jews in the Middle Ages is false?
a. They were excluded from most occupations, except trading and money lending.
b. Christians unreasonably believed that Jews were collectively responsible for Christ's
death.
c. The warriors of the First Crusade massacred the Jews in several Rhineland towns.
d. The Third Lateran Council forbade Christians to live near Jews.
e. none of these choices
ANS: E REF: p. 255
15. Feudal kings
a. were under the direct control of the Pope.
b. did not have direct control of the masses.
c. were typically elected by councils of nobles.
d. developed strong and efficient bureaucracies.
e. all of these choices
ANS: B REF: p. 255
19. To obtain public support for his conflict with the papacy, Philip IV
a. initiated a war with Venice.
b. sought to discredit the Inquisition.
c. created the Estates-General.
d. removed tax support from the clergy.
e. had himself placed at the head of the French church.
ANS: C REF: p. 257
22. Which of the following statements about early European universities is false?
a. They offered education in the higher disciplines of theology, law, or medicine.
b. They were highly mobile and frequently had strained relations with their home towns.
c. Gradually, wealthy patrons endowed colleges and universities with buildings and funds.
d. all of these choices
e. none of these choices
ANS: E REF: p. 258
25. Roger Bacon helped make which of the following a center for scientific studies?
a. Oxford
b. Cambridge
c. Paris
d. Bologna
e. Alexandria
ANS: A REF: p. 259
26. A poem that recounted the ambush of a detachment of Charlemagne's army at Roncevaux was the
a. Song of Roland.
b. Iliad.
c. Song of the Cid.
d. Song of the Nibelungs.
e. none of these choices
ANS: A REF: p. 259
27. Especially prominent in medieval romances was
a. Augustus Caesar.
b. Beowulf.
c. King Arthur.
d. Hannibal.
e. none of these choices
ANS: C REF: p. 260
28. The churches built in France during the eleventh century totaled
a. about 100.
b. about 300.
c. about 1000.
d. more than 1500.
e. more than 2500.
ANS: D REF: p. 261
SHORT ANSWER
ANS:
2. Describe the religious abuses that arose from the feudalization of the church and the accompanying lay
domination of church offices.
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
6. What was a principal difference between the outlooks of Anselm of Bec and Peter Abelard?
ANS:
7. Why was Aristotle's work so central to the thought of the scholastics?
ANS:
8. In what regard did Roger Bacon lay the groundwork for modern scientific method?
ANS:
ANS:
10. What are the three main divisions of Dante's Divine Comedy?
ANS:
11. Contrast the identifying traits of the Romanesque and Gothic architectural styles.
ANS:
IDENTIFICATION
1. Basil I
ANS:
2. Bulgars
ANS:
3. Byzantium
ANS:
4. Constantinople
ANS:
ANS:
6. Eastern Orthodoxy
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
9. Empress Irene
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
12. iconoclasts
ANS:
13. iconodules
ANS:
14. Justinian I
ANS:
15. Lombards
ANS:
16. Monophysites
ANS:
17. Nestorians
ANS:
ANS:
ANS:
20. Preslav
ANS:
ANS:
22. Ravenna
ANS:
23. Slavs
ANS:
ANS:
25. Theodora
ANS:
MULTIPLE CHOICE
6. Justinian I
a. was a rather passive and ineffective ruler.
b. beautified Constantinople by a large-scale building program.
c. strictly forbade the use of icons.
d. opened public offices and teaching positions to Jews, Samaritans, and other non-
Christians.
e. reopened the philosophical schools in Athens.
ANS: B REF: p. 265
8. In the century or so after Justinian I's death, his successors engaged in struggles with all of the
following except
a. Etruscans.
b. Persians.
c. Arabs.
d. Slavs.
e. none of these choices
ANS: A REF: p. 266
9. Which of the following statements about Emperor Leo III is false?
a. He tried to stop the diversion of many of the empire's bright and able men from state
service into monasteries.
b. He attacked the misuse of icons in eastern churches as idolatrous.
c. He transferred many rich papal lands in Italy to the patriarch of Constantinople.
d. none of these choices
e. all of these choices
ANS: D REF: p. 268
SHORT ANSWER
ANS:
ANS:
3. What was the relationship of Byzantine literature to the models of the classical Greek period?
ANS:
4. What sorts of conflicts regarding religious beliefs exercised Christians in the Byzantine Empire?
Discuss the views of Nestorians and Monophysites.
ANS:
5. Describe briefly the dispute over the use of icons in the Byzantine Empire.
ANS:
IDENTIFICATION
1. Abbasids
ANS:
2. Abu al-Abbas
ANS:
3. Abu Bakr
ANS:
4. Aisha
ANS:
5. Ali
ANS:
6. Ayatollahs
ANS:
7. Battle of Siffin
ANS:
8. Battle of the Camel
ANS:
9. Battle of Yarmuk
ANS:
10. bedouin
ANS:
11. caliph
ANS:
12. Hadith
ANS:
13. hajj
ANS:
14. Husayn
ANS:
15. Islam
ANS:
16. Ka'bah
ANS:
17. Mecca
ANS:
18. Medina
ANS:
19. Moors
ANS:
20. Mu'awiya
ANS:
21. Muhammad
ANS:
ANS:
23. mullahs
ANS:
24. Qur'an
ANS:
25. Shari'a
ANS:
26. Shi'i
ANS:
27. Sunnis
ANS:
28. Tarik
ANS:
29. Twelvers
ANS:
30. Umar
ANS:
ANS:
32. Uthman
ANS:
33. Yazid
ANS:
MULTIPLE CHOICE
2. Muslims believed
a. in the prophets of the Old and New Testaments, including Christ as a prophet.
b. that angels did not exist.
c. that Christ was neither God nor a prophet.
d. that certain individuals were "elect" and should enjoy superior status.
e. none of these choices
ANS: A REF: p. 271
8. The most important reason for the rapidity of the expansion of the Muslim/Arab Empire was
a. The weakness of the Sassanid Empire.
b. The fervent faith of the Muslims and the equalitarian nature of the religion.
c. The weakness of the Byzantine Empire.
d. Technology superior to anything possessed by its enemies.
e. none of these choices
ANS: B REF: p. 274
11. The first Islamic fleet was built under the direction of
a. Umar.
b. Uthman.
c. Mu'awiya.
d. Ali.
e. none of these choices
ANS: C REF: p. 276
14. During the Umayyad Caliphate, a particularly important and enduring Islamic presence was
established in
a. France.
b. Spain.
c. Italy.
d. China.
e. none of these choices
ANS: B REF: p. 277
15. Opposition to the Umayyad Caliphate gained a martyr and rallying point with the death of
a. Husayn.
b. Yazid.
c. Mu'awiya.
d. Hasan.
e. none of these choices
ANS: A REF: p. 278
16. Shi'i predominate or constitute a sizable presence in all of the following except
a. Iran.
b. Iraq.
c. Egypt.
d. Lebanon.
e. the eastern Arabian peninsula.
ANS: C REF: p. 278
18. The Abbasids succeeded in their struggle against the Umayyads because
a. the growing wealth and increasingly secular lives of the Umayyad rulers caused mounting
opposition.
b. the Umayyads had difficulty attracting recruits.
c. rumors spread that the Umayyad Caliphs drank wine.
d. all of these choices
e. none of these choices
ANS: D REF: p. 279
SHORT ANSWER
ANS:
2. What were the opposing views regarding succession to Muslim leadership in the century after
Muhammad's death?
ANS:
ANS:
ANS: