Mountain Province General Comprehensive High School

Bontoc, Mountain Province

Double B

Submitted by:

Gianne Kirah N. Awangan

Rhizil Yhvaine S. Fagyan

Submitted to:

Ma’am Princess Daryl A. Marquez

February 19, 2024

 Review of Related Literature

Blind box can serve as a helpful aid to visually impaired people creating a big

impact on their everyday life. Difficulties in normal movement, perceiving and

detecting surrounding objects, and proper indoor and outdoor navigation are some of

the basic complexities faced by affected people. Specifically, perceiving and

identifying obstacles, and reacting to them in real time, is a challenge for them. These

vision issues prevail mainly underdeveloped nations because they are unable to afford

the latest devices, which are often expensive. The problem is mainly dominant in old

age people of densely populated underdeveloped countries (Suman, 2022).

The researchers place three sensors which enables the robot to detect obstacles

on the way to make walking, and routine safe, and to read and write for the user. Solar

panel is added for charging to decrease the use of too much electricity, and it creates

no carbon emissions or other heat-trapping “greenhouse” gasses. It avoids the

environmental damage associated with mining and drilling for fossil fuels.

Furthermore, solar energy also uses little to no water, unlike power plants that

generates electricity using steam turbines (Constellation, 2024). A 4400 mAh or

48Wh capacity is included which is usually obtained from 6 cells. They also

concluded that a battery with 4400 mAh can take up to 4 hours to be fully charged,

and it can last for up to 3.5 hours (Adafruit, 2021). To avoid overcharging, they also

add a detector to remind the user if it is charged and ready to use.

MakeBlock ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 uses sonar to determine distance to an

object. It offers non-contract range detection with high accuracy and stable readings

in an easy-to-use package. From 2cm to 400cm or 1’’ to 13 feet. Its operation is not

affected by sunlight or black material like Sharp rangefinders are but soft materials
like cloth can be difficult to detect. It comes complete with ultrasonic transmitter and

receiver module. The features of this sensor includes power supply : +5V DC,

quiescent current : <2mA, effectual angle : <15 degrees, ranging distance : 2cm – 400

cm/1” – 13ft, resolution : 0.3 cm, measuring angle : 30 degrees, trigger input pulse

width : 10uS, and dimension : 45mm x 20mm x 15 mm (MakerLab, 2024).

The researchers add a digital sound detector sensor module which has an on-

board potentiometer to adjust sensitivity, the module outputs high when the threshold

is reached. Given that this device measures whether or not sound has exceeded a

threshold, you’re basically left with determining what it is you want to do. The sensor

can detect whether or not a motor is running, and set a threshold on pump sound to

know whether or not there is cavitation. In spite of that, it takes more sound to trigger

when there is less sensitivity and less sound to trigger the device when there is more

sensitivity (MakerLab, 2024).

Micro 9g servo nylon carbon fiber gears for RC model aero modelling parts

can rotate approximately 180 degrees, 90 in each direction is place. To control with an

Arduino, connect the orange wire to pin 9 or 10. The manufacturer is TowerPro, size

is 23 x 11 x 29 mm, voltage is 3V to 6V DC, weight is 9g / 0.32oz, speed is 0.12 sec /

60 at 4.8V, torque is 1.6 kg – cm, working temp is -30C ~ 60C, and the Teflon

blushing is 19cm wire, coreless motor, servo-arms and screws included (MakerLab,

2024).

They add a grove LED button for it is stable and reliable with 100,000 times

long life. It is composed of a high-quality N-Channel MOSFET to control the LED to

ensure the high switching speed and lower power consumption. The dimensions are

40mm x 20mm x 16mm, weight is G.W 10.3g, operating voltage is 3.3V / 5V, press

resistance is <100m, and the release resistance is >100M. Features of this LED button
includes long operating life, easy to use, and grove digital interface (MakerLab,

2024).

The 85mm rubber wheel is made up of rubber which gives maximum traction

while operating. The wheel is strong and sturdy as it features a nylon reinforced

plastic rim which makes it compatible for the blind box. This car hub is reinforced

nylon wherein it is very sturdy, tire with sponge liner for more strength, upgraded tire

tread for greater fiction, and new design wheel for better combination with the motor.

The specifications such as the diameter is measured to be 85mm, width is 38mm, the

material used for the wheel is high-strength plastic, the material of the tire is rubber,

and the color is black tire plus silver rim (MakerLab, 2024).

HG7881 4-Channel DC Motor Driver Controller Board is place by the

researchers for it comes with its own four L911OS chip. The suitable motor range is

between motor operating voltage 2.5V-12V, the maximum operating current of 0.8A.

The compatible motor is DC motor or stepper motor, the size is 50*36*14.4mm

(L*W*H), weighs 13.2g.

The Arduino arm can help the researchers achieve their desired product

wherein it is compatible to the other parts that is added. It is fully optimized and can

be assembled in several ways for multiple tasks, such as moving objects, mounting a

camera and tracking movements, or attaching a solar panel and tracking the

movement of the sun. The arm offers a multitude of expansive possibilities from the

very outset and its uses are almost limitless (MakerLab).

They choose to also connect any type of pen to the Arduino arm. Doing so, it

makes writing easy for the visually impaired people. Using any type of pen will be

more convenient and efficient to not query on what pen to place in the Arduino arm.

Pens are essential for drafting, documents, jotting down notes, writing essays or
giving examinations. Even though technological advancements continue to change the

way they work, pens have remained to be indispensable.

Lastly, the researchers added a 12x12 insulation foam to prevent the heat from

directly entering the box that might damage the sensors and may also lead the box to

overheat. It stops heat flow, known as conduction. Radiant barrier, on the other hand,

reflect and absorbs heat (MIG, 2024). Foam insulation is cost-effective, provides

effective thermal and acoustic insulation (Netatmo, 2024)