Connectrix Fundamentals 2017_SRG

Welcome to Connectrix Fundamentals.
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Copyright © 2017 Dell Inc. Connectrix Fundamentals 1

This course provides an introduction to the Dell EMC Connectrix products. It includes an overview of the
Connectrix architecture, features, and functionality.

This module focuses on the benefits of the Dell EMC Connectrix solution and lists key use cases.

This lesson covers IT challenges related to data growth. It then explains how the Dell EMC Connectrix
products meet the challenges.

The biggest challenge for data center managers today is how to handle growth. Information from an
increasing number of applications and digital devices, including the Internet of Things, is producing more
data. Where does all the data get stored? How do we access it? How do we protect it? People that
manage information technology face these challenges every day.

One way to manage growth is to put all the data we generate into the cloud. Performing our computing
and storing our data in the cloud has many advantages as far as flexibility, scalability, and lower costs. But
have you considered what the cloud is made of? The cloud does not simply process and store data by
magic. The cloud is built with a hardware infrastructure that requires servers, networking equipment, and
storage.
We might follow a cloud computing model and virtualize the entire IT infrastructure to meet our business
needs. However, there is a physical infrastructure that lies underneath the cloud.
A large enterprise may require thousands of VMs running on hundreds of physical servers. These servers
require connectivity to many storage arrays with thousands of terabytes of storage. Connections from
servers to storage must be high performing, reliable, easily managed, flexible, scalable, and secure. How
do we connect this large number of physical servers to this massive amount of physical storage and meet
the business requirements we have outlined?
The answer is: Dell EMC Connectrix products provide the solutions that meet these demanding business
needs.

Dell EMC Connectrix products meet business requirements
Business Challenges
Connectrix products meet the demands of the modern data center. Here we
summarize typical business challenges and how the Dell EMC Connectrix
products provide solutions for each challenge.
Select each term for more information.
Copryright © 2017 Dell Inc. Connectrix Fundamentals

Availability
Best Practice:
 Dual SAN data paths
Other features include:

 Forward Error Correction (FEC)
 Port Fencing

Efficiency
Modern data centers are required to handle more data with less resources.
Connectrix Solution:
 High port density
 More devices per unit
 Driving efficiencies in space and power

Performance
 Fibre Channel provides higher performance than Ethernet and TCP/IP
 Fibre Channel speeds of 4, 8, 16 and 32 Gigabits per second
 extra buffers available

Security
SAN network is separate from IP network. Zoning and virtualization provide

further segregation.
 Fabric virtualization and zoning ensure maintained separation among IT
equipment and departments while sharing equipment
 Authentication tools also available ensuring rogue devices and switches are
not able to connect

Simplicity
Vendor and third party management tools.
SAN operations are simplified using Connectrix Manager Converged Network

Edition (CMCNE) and Data Center Network Manager (DCNM). These
management tools have:
 Proactive performance monitoring
 Customizable dashboards
 Bulk configuration capabilities

So what exactly is Connectrix? At a fundamental level, a Connectrix is a switch. Connectrix products
provide the Fibre Channel switching, which is the major building block of a Storage Area Network.
Connectrix switches provide reliable high-speed connections between servers, or hosts, and block-level
storage devices.
A SAN is separate from the Local Area Network (LAN) that also connects to the hosts—not shown.
Storage devices connected to the Connectrix switches appear locally attached to heterogeneous operating
system hosts.
Here is a simplified example of two host sending one frame of data to a storage array through a switch.
The frame destination and source addresses enable a complete circuit from inbound port to outbound port.
After the frame is sent, the switch removes the circuit, freeing up the switch for other connections.
Connectrix switches perform millions of switching operations per second to provide connectivity between
devices attached to various switch ports.

Dell EMC Connectrix products enable secure SAN connectivity. A Storage Area Network, or
SAN, provides:
• Host-to-storage connectivity
• Storage-to-storage connectivity
A SAN is made of one or more interconnected switches that route data traffic from source
to destination. A fabric is a logically defined space in which the Fibre Channel nodes can
communicate with each other. The primary function of the fabric is to receive Fibre Channel
(FC) data frames from source ports and route them to destination ports. How the frames are
routed is based on the address identifier specified in each frame.

Dell EMC offers a complete range of SAN connectivity products under the Connectrix brand. There are
two types: switches and directors.
Switches are ideal for SMB, or small to medium business environments. Switches also have application
in the workgroup and at the edge of SANs in the enterprise. Switches are smaller than directors and have
a fixed number of ports. They provide scalability through Inter-switch Link (ISL) connections to other
switches and directors.
Directors are deployed in high availability and/or large-scale enterprises. Connectrix directors are
designed for the most demanding mission-critical environments. They can have more than a
hundred ports per device. Directors provide the highest availability using redundancy and built-in
failover for key components. Directors are highly scalable using modular port blades.
Directors are found at the core of large enterprise SANs, while switches are used at the SAN edge.

Here we show a two-tier fabric in a core-edge fabric topology. This type of topology consists of two tiers.
The edge tier is composed of small Connectrix Switches, and provides SAN connectivity to the host
servers.
The core of the fabric is where a Connectrix director, or directors, is located. The director has many
redundant components and is highly available. This high availability is why the director is placed at the
core of the fabric. In this particular topology, the storage arrays are connected directly to the fabric core.

Dell EMC Connectrix models are supplied by two vendors. The Connectrix B-Series models
are supplied by Brocade, and the Connectrix MDS-Series models are supplied by Cisco.
SANs are normally built using either one vendor or the other vendor’s switches. Because of
incompatibilities between vendors, their products are usually not mixed in the same SAN.
Other storage vendors also sell the Brocade and Cisco switches, so the question may be
asked: “Why should a data center buy these switches from Dell EMC under the Connectrix
brand?”
The answer is Dell EMC provides a total solution with guaranteed interoperability. Dell
EMC has invested more than $3 billion to build its premiere interoperability lab known as
Dell EMC E-LAB. E-LAB tests thousands of products and millions of configurations.
Dell EMC supports every configuration qualified with no disclaimers and no excuses.
Dell EMC shares its proven interoperability knowledge through the E-Lab Navigator web
site, which can be found at the link shown.

So you might be asking: “What kind of information can I find on the E-Lab Navigator web
site?”
This web site is the home of the Dell EMC Support Matrix—or ESM. E-LAB Navigator
allows for easy access to this extensive database with more than 9000 qualified products
and more than 10 million configurations supported. There are also Dell EMC simple support
matrices for individual storage, cloud, and data protection products.
E-Lab also publishes documentation such as TechBooks and best practices. In addition, the
E-LAB tests and supports unique or specialty configurations via Dell EMC’s RPQ exception
process.
Note: TechBooks compile use cases and deployment information on SAN extension, FCoE,
Fibre Channel topology, and WAN optimization to name a few.

This lesson covers four key use cases for the Dell EMC Connectrix products.

Some of the use cases for the Dell EMC Connectrix products are:
• Storage consolidation to allow servers to connect to more centralized storage
• Business continuance solutions like backup and recovery applications
• Security to isolate data center components from one another while sharing IT infrastructure
• Cloud infrastructure solutions
The next few slides give more information about each of these common Connectrix use cases.

Deploying Connectrix allows us to share storage arrays among many servers. Connectrix provides greater
storage consolidation, because it increases the number of storage arrays that a single host can see. You
can easily allocate storage to servers as needed. Storage consolidation also reduces costs through
centralized control. Notice the best practice of implementing paths through multiple switches for
redundancy.
Connectrix is also required for connectivity in virtual storage environments. Here we show a VPLEX
system providing virtualization for volumes on the storage arrays.
Notice that the Connectrix switches provide all the connectivity between the hosts on the front end of the
VPLEX. Connectrix also provides connectivity on the back end of the VPLEX. Hosts use multipathing
software such as Dell EMC PowerPath for load balancing and availability.

Connectrix plays a key role in replicating data to remote sites for business continuance operations.
The same Connectrix fabric used to store data locally can be used to send it to a remote site for business
continuance. Connectrix products can be configured with optional long-distance optics to handle Fibre
Channel distances of up to 40 km.
Data replication applications that take advantage of the Connectrix connectivity include array-based
replication (for example: VMAX SRDF), and appliance-based replication (for example: RecoverPoint).
Another Connectrix option is Fibre Channel routing. Sometimes we do not want remote site fabric
problems interfering with the local site. So instead of having one large fabric covering both sites, we have
a separate fabric at each site. We use Fibre Channel routing to enable communications from only selected
devices at each site. Connectrix also supports DWDM technology that can extend the Fibre Channel
distance between sites to 200 km.
A third Connectrix option is to use Fibre Channel over IP, or FCIP technology, to connect the sites. This
option is used if the sites are further apart than Fibre Channel distances, or if Fibre Channel is not
available between sites. FCIP protocol allows the Fibre Channel protocol to tunnel through the Wide Area
Network (WAN).

Security between hosts is important when sharing storage. For example, without security or controls, all
the hosts on the left would have access to all the storage targets on the right.
Zoning is a feature that allows communications between certain initiators and targets in the fabric, and
disallows all other communications.
Another method of providing security is to virtualize the physical switch hardware into separate virtual
switches. This method allows multiple groups to share common hardware, but remain logically separated.
Virtualization takes selected ports from the physical switch and puts them together to form separate logical
switches. This increases security because it allows us to take computing resources from different groups,
for example, and create a logical fabric for each group. Those logical fabrics act independently and cannot
interfere with one another.

Several characteristics make Connectrix the ideal choice for cloud environments.
Reliability: Dell EMC Connectrix offers unsurpassed reliability and performance. All Dell EMC Connectrix
products are Dell EMC E-LAB Proven.
Availability: Connectrix directors provide at least six 9s availability with redundant components such as
dual supervisors on the MDS-series and dual controllers on the B-series directors. Redundant fans and
power supplies are available as well.
Serviceability: Most components are hot swappable including SFPs, fans, power supplies,
supervisors/controllers, and so forth. All Connectrix products support nondisruptive firmware upgrades
(NDU).
Flexibility: You can easily introduce 16 Gbps or 32 Gbps Fibre Channel into your data center because of
backwards compatibility with slower speed equipment. Most SFPs support three data speeds. For
example, 16 Gbps SFPs also support 8 Gbps and 4 Gbps. 32 Gbps SFPs also support 16 Gbps and 8
Gbps speeds.

This module covered an overview of the Dell EMC Connectrix solutions showing benefits and use cases.

This module focuses on how to build physical storage connectivity infrastructure using Connectrix
switches. Key topologies and terminology are explained and the various Connectrix models are
introduced.

This lesson covers the differences between Connectrix switch architecture and director architecture.

The single switch architecture is often referred to as the Pizza-box style. It is a fixed size, one piece
chassis, and does not have plug-in switching modules, as director-class switches do. FRUs include SFP+
optics, fans, and power supplies.
There is only one CPU and memory, so a failure in either requires switch replacement. Memory includes
both volatile RAM for working memory and nonvolatile NVRAM for saving firmware, logs and switch
configuration information.
Many switch designs use a single switching ASIC design. All ports are connected to the switching ASIC.
There are resources on the ASIC to support buffering. The ASIC also has hardware support for Fibre
Channel protocol and programmable access list logic.
If you are connecting to a switch with a multi-ASIC design, you should try to connect host/storage port
pairs on the same ASIC for best performance.
All but the low-end switches have N+1 power supplies and fans for redundancy.
Switches have a single serial management port for initial configuration and access by service personnel,
and an Ethernet management port for ongoing monitoring and switch management.
Some switches also have an optional USB port for downloading firmware and collecting logs.

Director-class switches have a modular architecture that includes redundancy at every level. Shown is a
general high-level diagram that explains the basic architecture of all Connectrix director models.
Modular port blades are used to expand the capacity of the director. Small Connectrix directors have four
slots for I/O port modules and blades. The largest Connectrix director model has slots for up to 16 port
modules.
Many port modules have multiple switching ASICs. For best performance, we should always try to connect
host/Storage port pairs on the same ASIC, or on the same port module or blade. Most blades can do
internal switching and do not send local I/O to the backplane.
Dual switching modules provide redundant switching paths. These modules are made up of switching
ASICs or crossbars (XBAR).
Dual CPU modules or supervisor modules are included for fabric frame processing, director monitoring,
and management. These modules are redundant with one active and one in standby mode, ready to take
over if the active module fails.
Each has its own RAM for working memory and NVRAM for storing firmware, logs, and configuration
information. Each CPU module has its own management port interfaces and may also have a USB port.
All directors have N+1 power supplies and fans.

This lesson covers best practices when implementing Storage Area Networks using Dell EMC Connectrix
switches.

There are several types of ports defined in the Fibre Channel standard. Shown are the most
common port types we encounter in basic storage area networks.
• N_Ports are the Node ports. This type of port is for device nodes to connect to the
fabric. Typically, it is a host port (HBA) or a storage array port.
• F_Ports are the Fabric ports. This type of port is only found on a switch and is
connected via a Fibre Channel cable to an N_Port.
• E_Ports are the Expansion ports. This type of port connects via an ISL to another
E_Port. E_Ports are used to form a fabric with other switches. We normally have at least
two ISLs between switches for redundancy.
• G_Ports are the Generic ports on Connectrix B-Series switches that are not connected
to anything. When connecting a link, a G_Port automatically changes its operating mode
to F_Port or E_Port. The mode of operation is dependent upon the port type at the other
end of the link.

Typically we represent a SAN as a cloud, to hide the complexity of the connectivity infrastructure
underneath. When we peer into the cloud, we can see the details. Here we have the simplest type of SAN
built from a single switch.
The Connectrix family has several models of entry-level switches that may be used for small single-switch
SANs. Building a SAN from one of these entry level switches is simple and requires little Fibre Channel
knowledge. This solution is ideal where a few hosts are running applications that share block storage on a
small storage array. If the array does not have enough connections to accommodate all the hosts, a switch
solves the problem.
Dell EMC offers single switch “out-of-the-box” solutions that require minimal configuration. Both
Connectrix B-series and MDS-series products have entry-level models. An example of this type of switch
is the Connectrix DS-300B. It comes with an EZSwitchSetup wizard that automatically sets up the switch
ports and configures port-based zoning. The user simply plugs the hosts into the ports designated as host
ports, and the storage is plugged into the ports designated for storage. The EZSwitchSetup wizard does
the rest. These entry-level switches can also work as edge switches in bigger multi-switch SAN
topologies.

A fabric with a core-edge topology is fairly simple to design and implement. There are two variations: two-
tier or three-tier.
• In a two-tier core-edge topology, all hosts are connected to edge switches and all storage is connected
to the core switch.
• With a core-edge three-tier topology, there are two edge tiers connected to a central core. All hosts
are connected to one edge, and all storage is connected to the other edge; the core tier is only used for
ISLs.
The edge tier, composed of small low-cost departmental switches, offers an inexpensive approach to add
more hosts into the fabric. The core or backbone tier usually consists of enterprise directors, which are of
higher cost and have higher availability. For the highest availability, we should have redundant edge
switches and core directors.

There are some general best practices that should be followed when designing and implementing a
storage area network.
• Each host that connects to the SAN should have at least two paths to get to each storage device.
• Host/storage pairs of ports should connect to the same switch, blade or switch module, and ASIC.
• Connect each switch to two different power sources.
• Use single initiator zoning. Which means that we should only configure one initiator port in each zone.

The best practice for building a SAN infrastructure is to implement mirrored SAN fabrics. Mirrored fabrics
give the highest level of SAN availability.
Dell EMC recommends that mirrored fabrics be identical for easier management and monitoring. Also,
multipathing software, such as PowerPath, is recommended on each host to manage load balancing and
failover.
An advantage of mirroring is that one side of the mirrored fabric can be brought down for maintenance or
upgrades, while the other side continues production operations.
Note: For simplicity, we do not show mirrored SAN fabrics in most of the graphics used in this course. But,
each SAN shown can and should be mirrored to achieve the highest availability.

Fibre Channel switches are connected to each other with ISLs. Shown here are the ISLs used to connect
this 6-switch example fabric. Remember that the ISLs transfer both data traffic and fabric management
traffic from one switch to another.
Proper ISL design is critical for high performance and availability. In a poorly designed fabric, a single ISL
failure can cause the entire fabric to fail. An overloaded link can cause an I/O bottleneck; it is an
imperative to have enough ISLs to ensure adequate availability and accessibility.
If possible, avoid hops across ISLs for host-to-storage connectivity whenever performance requirements
are stringent. For redundancy, each connection between switches should have at least two ISLs.

If ISLs are unavoidable, the performance implications should be carefully considered at the design stage.
When using ISLs in a fabric, use the following best practices:
• Aggregate ISLs into Port Channels or ISL trunks. This will eliminate fabric rebuild time if one of the links
is having issues. When aggregated, all the ISLs work together as a single logical link.
• For ISLs between switches, use the same cable type and length and make sure all ports are operating
at the same speed between the two switches.
• Each switch in the fabric should use the latest firmware. Where possible, each switch should also be
operating at the same firmware version.

Distance is an important consideration when implementing ISLs. This consideration is especially important
when a fabric spans campus distances. For example, two data centers a few miles apart would use
longwave laser (LWL) instead of shortwave (SW).
The three media options that are available while implementing an ISL are Multimode ISL, Single-mode
ISL, and Dense Wavelength Division Multiplex (DWDM) ISL. Some variables that affect supportable
distances are propagation and dispersion losses, buffer-to-buffer credit, and optical power.
The table shows distances for different combinations of cables and transceivers. Shortwave SFPs with
multimode fiber have a maximum distance of 500 meters. Notice how the maximum distance decreases
as the speed increases.
For longer distances, longwave laser (LW, LWL) or extended longwave laser (ER, ELWL) over single-
mode 9-micron fiber optic cable is required. This solution is least susceptible to modal dispersion, enabling
distances between 10 km and 40 km, depending on the vendor and SFP type used. Remember that
adequate BB-Credit must be allocated to ports participating in long-distance connections.
For greater distances than shown here, Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplex / Dense Wavelength
Division Multiplex (CWDM or DWDM) may be used between switches. DWDM supports distances up to
3000 km.
Note: Distances over 200 km may require a Request for Price Quote (RPQ). An RPQ is a way to file a
request to qualify a certain configuration for support. The RPQ process lets Dell EMC technical experts
review and test a proposed solution that is outside the boundaries of previously qualified solutions.

Switch Management and Monitoring best practices include the following:
• Admins should manually configure each domain ID and not rely on default settings. The two switch
vendors have different ways to do this. Connectrix B-Series switches should be configured with
insistent domain IDs. Connectrix MDS-Series switches should be configured with static Domain IDs.
• Use available performance monitoring tools provided by the vendors.
• Backup switch configurations.
• Utilize a syslog server with NTP client

This lesson covers the Connectrix B-Series models.

Here are the current models in the Connectrix B-Series family. Click on each switch or director for more
details.

If we go to support.emc.com and search for B-Series products, we see all the models shown here.
These models are the currently supported B-Series products. Some of these models have reached end-of-
life (EOL), meaning they are no longer offered for sale by Dell EMC. However the EOL models are found
in data centers throughout the world. Dell EMC continues to support EOL models until they reach end-of-
service-life (EOSL), which is normally five years after EOL.
The right-hand column shows the target code levels for each model. The target code is the minimum
revision of Fabric OS (FOS) that Dell EMC recommends.
There are currently three families of FOS that are supported on the B-series switches, 6.4.x, 7.x., and 8.x.
The newest generation-6 models are only supported using FOS 8.x or higher.
This course focuses on the newer switches that have not reached EOL. Details for older switches can be
found in various Connectrix B-Series documents such as the Hardware Reference Manual for each model.
Note: This table was generated using the two documents: EMC Hardware Release and Service Dates and
Target-Revisions and Adoption Rates, found at support.emc.com

This lesson covers the Connectrix MDS-series models.

Here are the current models in the Connectrix MDS-Series family. Click on each switch or director for
more details.

If we go to support.emc.com and search for MDS-Series products, we see all the models as shown here.
This table is a partial listing of currently supported MDS-Series models. Some of these models have
reached end-of-life (EOL), meaning they are no longer offered for sale by Dell EMC. However the EOL
models are found in data centers throughout the world. Dell EMC continues to support EOL models until
they reach end-of-service-life (EOSL), which is normally five years after EOL.
The right-hand column shows the target code levels for each model. The target code is the minimum
revision of NX-OS that Dell EMC recommends should be running on a switch or director.
This course focuses on the newer switches that have not reached EOL. Details for older switches can be
found in various Connectrix MDS-Series documents such as the Hardware Reference Manual for each
model.
Note: This table was generated using the two documents: EMC Hardware Release and Service Dates and
Target-Revisions and Adoption Rates, found at support.emc.com

This module covered the basic structure of a SAN, connectivity methods and topologies, and compared
the various members of the Connectrix family of switches.

This module focuses on the key features and capabilities of Connectrix such as zoning, virtualization, and
fabric extension.

This lesson introduces the most commonly used Connectrix features. These features including zoning,
fabric expansion, switch virtualization, and fabric extension.

Here, we summarize the general features and benefits of all Connectrix models.

After installing a Connectrix switch, probably the most import feature we must configure is zoning. Zoning
is a switch function that allows devices within the fabric to be logically segmented into groups that can
communicate with each other.
Zoning is closely associated with the fabric name server. Each device that connects to a Connectrix switch
is required to log into and register with the name server. Each device can then query the name server to
discover other devices. The zoning function controls which end devices may be reported when responding
to a query.
For example: The administrator only wants to allow an initiator, such as an HBA on a host, to
communicate with certain storage targets. This control is accomplished by placing the initiator and
authorized targets into an administrator defined zone for the fabric. All switches in the fabric have a copy
of the zoning information, and the connections are allowed/disallowed accordingly. A collection of zones
that can be activated throughout the fabric is called a Zone Configuration on Connectrix B-series and a
Zone Set on Connectrix MDS-series products.

When expanding a SAN, are there any issues to worry about before connecting ISLs between the new
switch and the existing fabric?
The answer is yes. When a link between two switches comes online, the switches share information about
themselves and about other switches in the fabric. If the configuration settings of the two switches are not
compatible, the links between them will segment. A switch with segmented links exists in a fabric all by
itself and cannot logically connect with other switches. Therefore, it is important that all configuration
parameters between two switches are compatible before trying to connect those switches.
Especially important are switch domain ID and priority assignments. It is possible to add a new switch to a
fabric and cause major problems. If the new switch has a higher priority, it can affect which switch
becomes principal switch. If the new switch has a duplicate domain ID, it could cause switches to change
addressing for end devices.
For these reasons, careful planning is required before connecting a switch to a production fabric.

There are many good reasons to virtualize a SAN. These include providing higher fabric security and
stability. Administrators can be confined to specific parts of the SAN infrastructure, and problems can be
limited to a subset of the physical fabric.
For example, virtual fabrics allow us to keep the Finance infrastructure separate from the Sales and
Engineering infrastructure of a company. Even though they share physical fabric, the logical fabric for
each group can not interfere with other groups.
For the Connectrix B-series switches, this feature is called Virtual Fabrics (VF). For Connectrix MDS-
series switches, this feature is called Virtual SAN (VSAN).

Sometimes, there is a need to extend the fabric beyond the distance of Fibre Channel. In such a scenario,
multiprotocol switches and FCIP protocol can be used.
FCIP uses TCP/IP to transport the Fibre Channel frames across a LAN/WAN network. This solution
requires FCIP gateway switches that translate between Fibre Channel and the TCP/IP protocols.

Connectrix B-series switches and MDS-series switches have similar feature sets. However, the names of
the features and tools are different for each vendor. Here is a comparison of the commonly used features
and tools for the two Connectrix families.

This lesson gives a brief overview of supported Connectrix networking protocols.

This slide shows the protocols supported on the Connectrix products. Fibre Channel protocol (FCP) is the
general-purpose SAN connectivity protocol. Additional information on the FCIP, FCoE, and FICON
protocols is presented on the following slides.

To ensure that information reaches all users who need it, organizations are looking for ways to transport
data across long distances.
One of the ways to achieve this goal is to interconnect geographically dispersed SANs through reliable,
high-speed links. This approach involves transporting Fibre Channel block data over existing IP
infrastructures, which may currently be used throughout the enterprise.
The FCIP protocol standard has rapidly gained acceptance as a manageable, cost-effective way to blend
the best of both worlds: Fibre Channel block data storage and widely deployed IP infrastructure. As a
result, organizations now have an excellent way to protect, store, and move their data while leveraging
existing technology investments.
Two use cases for FCIP are:

• Storage replication operations conducted across an IP network
• Connect Fibre Channel SAN islands

The figure on the slide shows how the FCoE protocol is used in a converged network. This implementation
combines the LAN and SAN networks from the hosts to a top-of-rack switch. The converged networking
switch separates the Ethernet traffic, which is sent to the LAN, and the FCoE traffic, which is sent to the
SAN.
This solution allows new high-performance hosts to attach to existing Fibre Channel storage. It reduces
the number of cables, I/O cards, and switches required. Current Dell EMC recommendations specify that
each host should have two CNAs for redundancy to process the FCoE frames.
FCoE may be implemented without Fibre channel switches. If both host and storage support FCoE, the
entire data path may be FCoE. FCoE is available on selected VNX and VMAX storage arrays, and
therefore does not necessarily require Fibre Channel switches.

Selected Connectrix switches support the IBM System z FICON protocol.
FICON is a Fibre Channel level 4 protocol, similar to SCSI, that is proprietary to IBM. FICON is imbedded
in the Fibre Channel frames for transport.
IBM qualifies Fibre Channel Switches to operate in the FICON environment. There are several differences
in how Fibre Channel works in a FICON environment; for example, zoning is not used and device
discovery is different.
Verify both the switch model and the installed firmware on the switch have been qualified for use by IBM,
before implementing a FICON solution.

This module covered the usage of key Connectrix features and capabilities such as zoning, virtualization,
and fabric extension.

This module focuses on management options available for the Connectrix switches and directors.

This lesson covers the various management options available on Connectrix B-series and Connectrix
MDS-series switches. We also focus on other management tools available for end to end monitoring of
data centers. These tools include Dell EMC Grab and Dell EMC Report utilities.

Brocade has developed several software tools to manage the Connectrix B-series switches. These tools
include a Fabric OS (FOS) Command Line Interface (CLI), and two Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs):
Web tools and Connectrix Manager Converged Network Edition (CMCNE). These tools are used to
install, maintain, configure, monitor, and manage the Connectrix B-series switches.
Note: Not all functions available through the CLI are available through the GUI.

CLI commands are one option for monitoring and managing Connectrix B-series switches. They can also
be used in scripts to automate some operations.
Some of the CLI commands are:

• Fanshow - shows the status of the switch fans
• Psshow - shows the status of the switch power supplies
• Slotshow - shows blades that are installed in each slot of the switch chassis
• Switchshow - shows current state of the switch and other switch information

Web Tools is an easy-to-use, browser-based application for switch management, and is included with all
Connectrix B-series products. Web Tools simplifies switch management by enabling administrators to
configure, monitor, and manage switch and fabric parameters from a single online access point.
A SAN administrator uses a browser to access the Web tools application on an individual Connectrix B-
Series switch.

Connectrix Manager Converged Network Edition (CMCNE) is a software product, widely used for the
management of the Connectrix B-series switches and directors. CMCNE manages multiple switches and
directors from a single server . An example of the home screen is shown here. CMCNE is run on a
Windows host that accesses the Connectrix switches through a management network. Both, a server and
a client, are required to use this application.
CMCNE is used to securely discover devices, map and highlight connections, and manage zoning.
CMCNE is available in three editions: CMCNE Professional Edition, CMCNE Professional Plus
Edition, and CMCNE Enterprise Edition.

Connectrix MDS-series switches have vendor-specific management software developed by Cisco . These
tools include an NX-OS command line interface, and two GUIs: Device Manager and Cisco Prime Data
Center Network Manager for SAN (DCNM-SAN). These tools are used to install, maintain, configure,
monitor, and manage multiple switches and fabrics in a Connectrix MDS-series environment.
Note: Not all functions available through the CLI are available through the GUI.

NX-OS CLI commands are one option for monitoring and managing Connectrix MDS-series switches.
They can also be used in scripts to automate some operations.
Example: show module and show environment commands are shown here.

Device Manager is a tool used to manage the Connectrix MDS-Series switches.
Device Manager is used to manage individual switches in the fabric . It simplifies the management of
MDS-series switches and fabrics with user friendly point and click interface. Device Manager does not
require a license for single switch management.

Data Center Network Manager (DCNM) is the key tool for managing MDS-series fabrics. It is a server-
based tool that can be accessed from multiple clients. There are two different interfaces.
The Java interface for DCNM-SAN is the traditional way to manage your MDS-Series fabric, but beginning
with DCNM 10.0 it is being phased out.
The Web User Interface for DNCM is a tool that is suited to data center virtualization. It has been revised
in DCNM version 10 with a fresh new look and simplified menu navigation. Going forward, this Web User
Interface should become the major tool used for configuration, management, and reporting. It includes
dashboards, topology views, health and performance monitoring, configuration of zoning, and
administration.

Virtualization enables businesses of all sizes to simplify management, control costs, and guarantee
uptime. However, virtualized environments also add layers of complexity to the IT infrastructure that
reduce visibility and can complicate the management of storage resources. One problem in the modern
data center is the exponential growth of data, and the storage and SANs that provide the underlying
infrastructure for that data.
Information technology professionals must meet continually evolving demands by re-designing their data
centers. Platform 2 designs are based on client/server topologies. New platform 3 designs provide for
social networking, cloud, mobility, and big data. Administrators are being asked to manage more data, with
fewer resources than ever before. Administrators need tools that can predict where resources such as
VMs and storage are needed. These tools must automatically move and provision resources, freeing up
administrators for other work.
Dell EMC ViPR SRM provides comprehensive monitoring, reporting, and analysis for heterogeneous
block, file, and virtualized storage environments. It enables you to visualize application-to-storage
dependencies, monitor, and analyze configurations and capacity growth, as well as optimize your
environment to improve return on investment.
ViPR SRM provides visibility into the physical and virtual relationships to ensure consistent service levels.
As you build your cloud infrastructure, ViPR SRM helps you ensure storage service levels while optimizing
IT resources—both being key attributes of successful cloud deployments.
Dell EMC ViPR SRM provides a topology view for validation and compliance. It also provides monitoring
and reporting for hosts, VMs, SAN ports, traffic utilization, and storage. ViPR is a switch vendor agnostic
and works with both Connectrix B-Series environments and Connectrix MDS-Series environments.

EMC Reports is a utility that runs on a Windows host. These utilities run hundreds of commands to collect
data from the host, SAN, and Storage. Each of these commands create a data file. All the data files are
zipped into a single file so it can be sent to Dell EMC Customer Support for analysis when performing
troubleshooting.
This screenshot is a sample of the files and folders created by running the Dell EMC Reports utility on a
Windows host. EMC Grab is a utility that is similar to EMC Reports, except that it is run on Unix hosts.
Notice that there is a different version for each host operating system.
This example is from support.emc.com where the correct version of the utility for a specific host operating
system can be downloaded.

This module covered management options available for the Connectrix switches and directors.

This course covered an overview of the Connectrix products, their architecture, features, and functionality.
This concludes the training. Proceed to the course assessment on the next slide.

This appendix covers details for individual Connectrix B-Series and MDS-Series models.

The Connectrix DS-300B switch is a 24-port autosensing 1, 2, 4, or 8 Gbps Fibre Channel switch. It
incorporates Brocade single-chip architecture. The DS-300B is a low-cost, high-performance 8 Gbps Fibre
Channel switch designed specifically for the needs of small SAN environments, particularly businesses
implementing a SAN for the first time. It comes with either 4 Gbps or 8 Gbps tri-rate SFP+ optical
transceivers and one power supply.

The Connectrix DS-6505B Switch provides excellent performance, flexibility, simplicity, and enterprise-
class functionality in an entry-level switch. It is designed to enable maximum flexibility and reliability. The
1U Connectrix DS-6505B is configurable in 12 or 24 ports and supports 4 Gbps, 8 Gbps, or 16 Gbps
speeds. It comes standard with a single power supply with integrated fans. A second, optional power
supply is available for increased resiliency. Adding a second power supply gives redundancy and enables
online replacement.

The Connectrix DS-6510B is a flexible, powerful enterprise-class SAN switch. The DS-6510B meets the
demands of cloud storage environments by delivering 16 Gbps Fibre Channel speed to support highly
virtualized environments. The 1U DS-6510B is configurable in 24, 36, and 48 ports and supports 4 Gbps,
8 Gbps, and 16 Gbps FC speeds. Simplified deployment and a point-and-click user interface make the
DS-6510B both powerful and easy to use. The DS-6510B comes with dual hot-swappable power supplies
with integrated cooling fans.

The Connectrix DS-6520B is a powerful, scalable enterprise-class SAN switch. The DS-6520B meets the
demands of growing cloud storage environments, delivering 16 Gbps Fibre Channel speed. The 2RU DS-
6520B is configurable in 48, 72, and 96 ports and supports 4 Gbps, 8 Gbps, and 16 Gbps FC speed.
Simplified deployment and a point-and-click user interface make the DS-6520B both powerful and easy to
use. This switch includes hot-swappable power supplies and cooling fans.

The Connectrix DS-6610B is a 24-port 32 Gbps capable Fibre Channel switch in a 1U form-factor. Each of
the 24 SFP+ ports supports 4, 8, 16, and 32 Gbps Fibre Channel speeds. It can be ordered with eight,
active ports, and then upgraded later with eight ports at a time until a maximum of 24 ports are installed.
Because this switch is meant to be a low-cost entry level switch, it is normally ordered with 16 Gbps SFPs.
32 Gbps SFPs can be ordered at a premium cost. This switch has a single fixed fan and power supply.

The Connectrix DS-6620B is a Fibre Channel switch that offers forty-eight 32 Gbps SFP+ ports and four
32 Gbps QSFP ports in a 1U form-factor. Each of the 48 SFP+ ports supports 4, 8, 10, 16, and 32 Gbps
Fibre Channel speeds. Each of the four QSFP ports supports four paths x 32 Gbps for a total of 128 Gbps
Fibre Channel speed. This switch comes with dual, hot-swappable redundant power supplies. Each power
supply has three fans.

The Connectrix ED-DCX-8510-4B provides 4.1 Tbps of total chassis bandwidth with 512 Gbps per slot,
and 1 Tbps of aggregated bandwidth for up to 16 Inter-Chassis Link (ICL) ports. The director supports 2,
4, 8, 10, and 16 Gbps Fibre Channel and FICON speeds requiring Brocade-branded SFPs.
This director has redundant CPU blades and Core Route blades. It has a 9 rack-unit (RU) form factor, and
supports up to 256 ports at full 16 Gbps speed. It has an eight-slot horizontal card cage, with four slots for
port blades. Hot swappable FRUs include port blades, optics, power supplies, and cooling fans.

The Connectrix ED-DCX-8510-8B provides 8.2 Tbps of total chassis bandwidth with 512 Gbps per slot,
and 2 Tbps of aggregated bandwidth for up to 32 Inter-Chassis Link (ICL) ports. The director supports 2,
4, 8, 10, and 16 Gbps Fibre Channel and FICON speeds requiring Brocade-branded SFPs.
This director has redundant CPU blades and Core Route blades. It has a 14 rack-unit (RU) form factor,
and supports up to 512 ports at full 16 Gbps speed. It has a 12-slot horizontal card cage, with eight slots
for port blades. Hot swappable FRUs include port blades, optics, power supplies, and cooling fans.

The Connectrix ED-DCX6-4B is a 32 Gbps Director based on Brocade's Generation-6 ‘Condor-4‘ ASIC
technology. It has redundant half-height CPU blades, each with a serial port and an Ethernet port for
management. It also has redundant Core Route blades, each with eight QSFP Inter-Chassis Link (ICL)
ports. Each of the QSFP ports supports four paths x 32 Gbps for a total of 128 Gbps Fibre Channel speed.
There are four slots for port blades in a chassis with an eight rack-unit (RU) form factor. Available port
blades include a 48-port Fibre Channel blade and a distance extension blade supporting both Fibre
Channel and FCIP. Fibre channel ports support 4 Gbps, 8 Gbps, 16 Gbps or 32 Gbps.

The Connectrix ED-DCX6-8B is 32 Gbps Director based on Brocade's Generation-6 ‘Condor-4‘ ASIC
technology. It has redundant half-height CPU blades, each with a serial port and an Ethernet port for
management. It also has redundant Core Route blades, each with 16 QSFP Inter-Chassis Link (ICL) ports.
Each QSFP port supports four paths x 32 Gbps for a total of 128 Gbps Fibre Channel speed.
There are eight slots for port blades in a chassis with a 14 rack-unit (RU) form factor. Available port blades
include a 48-port Fibre Channel blade and a distance extension blade supporting both Fibre Channel and
FCIP. Fibre channel ports support 4 Gbps, 8 Gbps, 16 Gbps or 32 Gbps.

The MP-7800B Multiprotocol Extension Switch combines Fibre Channel switching and routing capabilities
with FCIP. The MP-7800B features 16 8 Gb/s Fibre Channel ports and six 1-Gigabit Ethernet ports.
This switch has a one rack-unit (RU) form factor and dual hot-swappable power supplies. It also supports
ISL Trunking and integrated routing.

The Connectrix MP-7840B SAN Extension Switch combines FC capabilities with FCIP traffic forwarding
over IP WAN. The MP-7840B is a higher bandwidth version of the MP-7800B. The 2U MP-7840B has
twenty-four 16-Gbps Fibre Channel ports. It also has 16 GbE/10 GbE, and two 40 GbE ports for FCIP. The
base chassis will come fully populated with twenty-four 16 Gbps Short Wave Fibre Channel SFPs. The
1/10-GbE and the 40-GbE ports will not be populated with SFPs by default. Depending upon the optic
types selected and the WAN connectivity, the MP-7840B can have up to 10 logical FCIP tunnels with a
maximum tunnel bandwidth of 20 Gbps per tunnel. The switch as a whole can scale up to 40 Gbps of
WAN/FCIP bandwidth. This switch comes with dual hot-swappable power supplies.

The Connectrix MDS-9148S is an ideal solution for a standalone SAN in small departmental storage
environment, a top-of-rack switch in medium-sized redundant fabrics or as an edge switch in large-scale
enterprise data center core-edge topologies.
The MDS-9148S offers up to 48 autosensing 2/4/8/16 Gbps Fibre Channel ports. The switch can be
licensed in 12-port increments up to the full 48 ports. The MDS-9148S supports VSANs, Port Channels,
IVR, QoS, NPIV, and NPV.

The Connectrix MDS-9396S is a 2RU Multilayer Fabric Switch with line-rate 16Gbps Fibre Channel ports.
It combines high performance with exceptional flexibility and cost effectiveness. The MDS-9396S is an
ideal solution for a standalone core switch in small and medium SAN environment, a top-of-rack switch in
medium-sized redundant fabrics or as an edge switch in a larger-scale enterprise data center core-edge
topology.
The MDS-9396S comes with 48 or 96 ports activated in the base chassis. The 48-port model can be
upgraded to 96 active ports via port upgrade licenses, with 12-port increments.
MDS-9396S supports up to 500 buffer credits with the Base license and up to 4095 buffer credits per port
with the Enterprise license. Supported approximate distance for standard 2K FC frame size at 16 Gbps is
62 km with the Base license and 512 km with the Enterprise license.

The Connectrix MDS-9250i is a fixed 50-port multiservice fabric switch that supports Fibre Channel,
FCoE, FCIP, and FICON. The MDS-9250i is optimized for performance, power, and space with 40 line-
rate 16-Gbps Fibre Channel ports and 10 x 10-Gbps Ethernet ports. It provides flexibility for future growth
and capacity expansion.
In addition to SAN, MDS-9250i also supports dedicated IP storage networks. The SAN extension over IP
application package is enabled as standard on the two fixed Gigabit Ethernet IP storage service ports,
enabling features such as FCIP and compression on the switch without the need for extra licenses.

The Connectrix MDS-9706 Multilayer Director delivers 192 ports at 32 Gbps full line rate. It is a director-
class SAN switch designed for deployment in small to medium-sized storage networks that can support
enterprise clouds and business transformation. Layering a comprehensive set of intelligent features onto a
high-performance, protocol-independent fabric switch, the MDS-9706 addresses the stringent
requirements of large data center storage environments.
The MDS-9706 uses a nine Rack Unit (RU) form factor, and has four available slots for line cards with
either Fibre Channel ports, FCoE ports, or FCIP ports. Two slots are used for the redundant supervisor
modules.
The MDS-9706 provides redundancy on all major hardware components including the
supervisor and fabric modules and the power supplies.
Supported switching modules, or line cards, include both 16 Gbps and 32 Gbps 48-port Fibre Channel
modules, the 24-port x 40 Gbps FCoE module, the 48-port x 10 Gbps FCoE module. There is also a 24/10
SAN Extension module for FCIP.

The Connectrix MDS-9710 Multilayer Director delivers up to 384 ports at 32 Gbps full line rate.
The MDS-9710 uses a 14 Rack Unit (RU) form factor, and has eight available slots for line cards with
either Fibre Channel ports, FCoE ports or FCIP ports. Two slots are used for the redundant supervisor
modules.
The MDS-9710 provides redundancy on all major hardware components including the supervisor and
fabric modules and the power supplies.
Supported switching modules, or line cards, include both 16 Gb and 32 Gb 48-port Fibre Channel

The Connectrix MDS-9718 Multilayer Director delivers up to 768 ports at 32 Gbps full line rate. The MDS-
9718 was designed for large enterprise customers to enable SAN consolidation at scale.
The base model includes six fabric modules, two supervisor modules, three fan trays and 12 power
supplies. An extra four power supplies can be added to ensure the highest level of power availability.
Supported switching modules, or line cards, include both 16 Gb and 32 Gb 48-port Fibre Channel

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Welcome to Connectrix Fundamentals.

Click the Resources tab to download a PDF version of this eLearning.

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Other features include:

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SAN network is separate from IP network. Zoning and virtualization provide

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Vendor and third party management tools.

SAN operations are simplified using Connectrix Manager Converged Network

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All directors have N+1 power supplies and fans.

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