Green House

gas effects and

global warming
SUBMITTED BY
NETHAJINCY
SREELAKSHMI
PAYA
MIKKIM
ADARSH
• GREENHOUSE EFFECT

• GREENHOUSE GASES

• GLOBAL WARMING

• EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING

.PREVENTION METHODS TO GLOBAL WARMING

 Greenhouse effect
GREEN HOUSE EFFECTS
• The word greenhouse effect holds two meanings.
• The word greenhouse effect holds two meanings.

• One•isOne
the is
natural greenhouse effect which keeps our earth's
the natural greenhouse effect which keeps
our earth'sclimate normal
climate and comfortable.
normal and comfortable.

• Second
• Second one
one is is a manmade
a manmade greenhouse
greenhouse effectiswhich
effect which an
is an enhancement
enhancement of natural
of natural greenhouse
greenhouse effect.
effect.

• Made from burning fossil fuels and natural gas.

• Made from burning fossil fuels and natural gas.
• Greenhouse effect is the process by which
radiation from planet's atmosphere warms the
planet's surface to a temperature above what it
would be without this atmosphere.

• Greenhouse effect is the trapping of the sun's

warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere, due to the
greater transparency of the atmosphere to visible
radiation from the sun than to infrared radiation
emitted from the planet's surface
• Earth receives energy from sun in the form of UV,
visible and near infrared radiation. About 26% of the
incoming energy is reflected to space by atmosphere.

• Most of the remaining energy is absorbed at the

surface of the earth and radiated into atmosphere.

• Few gases in atmosphere are active in radiating

energy. These gases radiate energy in all directions.

• Part of this radiation is directed towards the earth's

surface and warming it. This phenomenon is called as
greenhouse effect.
Effects of greenhouse effect

1. global warming and climate change.

2. Rise of sea level

3. Worsening health effects

4. Disruption of the water cycle

5. Changing forest and natural areas

6. Challenges to agriculture and the food supply

7. Effect on the ozone layer

8. Effect on oceanic climate

The main effects of increased greenhouse gases are:

Global Warming

It is the phenomenon of a gradual increase in the average

temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere. The main cause
for this environmental issue is the increased volumes of
greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane
released by the burning of fossil fuels, emissions from the
vehicles, industries and other human activities.
Depletion of Ozone Layer

Ozone Layer protects the earth from harmful ultraviolet

rays from the sun. It is found in the upper regions of the
stratosphere. The depletion of the ozone layer results in
the entry of the harmful UV rays to the earth’s surface
that might lead to skin cancer and can also change the
climate drastically.

The major cause of this phenomenon is the

accumulation of natural greenhouse gases including
chlorofluorocarbons, carbon dioxide, methane, etc.
Smog is formed by the combination of smoke and fog.
can be caused both by natural means and man-made
activities.

In general, smog is generally formed by the

accumulation of more greenhouse gases including
nitrogen and sulfur oxides. The major contributors to
the formation of smog are automobile and industrial
emissions, agricultural fires, natural forest fires and
the reaction of these chemicals among themselves.
Acidification of Water Bodies

Increase in the total amount of greenhouse gases in the air

has turned most of the world’s water bodies acidic. The
greenhouse gases mix with the rainwater and fall as acid
rain. This leads to the acidification of water bodies.

Also, the rainwater carries the contaminants along with it

and falls into the river, streams and lakes thereby causing
their acidification
 Sources of greenhouse effect
1. Thermal power stations based on fossil fuels, mainly
coal and mineral oil emitting huge amount of CO2.

2. Numerous factories and industrial chimney wastes

3. Automobiles

4. Deforestation and burning of fossil fuels. a

subheading
Primary sources of greenhouse effects
Electricity production -Electricity production
generates the largest share of greenhouse gas
emissions. Approximately 67 percent of our electricity
comes from burning fossil fuels, mostly coal and
natural gas.

Transportation – Greenhouse gas emissions from

transportation primarily come from burning fossil fuel
for our cars, trucks, ships, trains, and planes. Over 90
percent of the fuel used for transportation is
petroleum based, which includes gasoline and diesel.
Industry – Greenhouse gas emissions from
industry primarily come from burning fossil fuels
for energy, as well as greenhouse gas emissions
from certain chemical reactions necessary to
produce goods from raw materials.
Commercial and Residential (– Greenhouse gas
emissions from businesses and homes arise
primarily from fossil fuels burned for heat, the
use of certain products that contain greenhouse
gases, and the handling of waste.
Agriculture – Greenhouse gas emissions from
agriculture come from livestock such as cows,
agricultural soils, and rice production.
Land Use and Forestry – Land areas can act as a
sink (absorbing CO2 from the atmosphere) or a
source of greenhouse gas emissions. In the United
States, since 1990, managed forests and other lands
have absorbed more CO2 from the atmosphere than
they emit.
Sources of activity
Green house gases
• CARBON DIOXIDE
• METHANE
• NITROUS OXIDE
• CHLOROFLUOROCARBONS
• OZONE
 Green House gas
Carbon dioxide
• Sources fossil fuel burning, deforestation and plant
burning.

Average time in troposphere 50 to 120 years.

• Approximately 18 billion tons of carbon dioxide is added

to the atmosphere every year.

• It is raising at a rate of 0.5% per year

 Methan
e
• The sources - coal mines, burning of coal, land
fills, gas leaks from oil, oil production, decay of
organic matter under anaerobic conditions.

• Average time in troposphere - 10 to 12 years.

• Can cause greenhouse effect 23 times greater

than that of carbon dioxide
 Nitrous oxide
• Sources fossil fuel burning, fertilizers, live stock
wastes and nylon production.

• Average time in troposphere years. 114 to 120

• Can cause greenhouse effect 296 times greater

than that of carbon dioxide.

• It is raising at rate of 0.3% per year.

 Chlorofluorocarbons
• Sources - A.C.s, refrigerators, plastic foams, etc.

Average time in troposphere - 11 to 120 years.

It can cause greenhouse effect 900 to 8300 times greater

than that of carbon dioxide.

Hydro chlorofluorocarbons can be in troposphere around 9

to 390 years. They can cause greenhouse effect 700 to
2000 times greater than that of carbon dioxide.
 Global warming
• The increase of atmospheric temperature near earth's surface as a result
of greenhouse effect is called as global warming.

• The reasons for global warming are:

• Increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in atmosphere.

• Rise in population and urbanization

• Industrialization

• Deforestation

• Burning of vegetation and other organic materials

• Use of inorganic fertilizers which release nitrous oxide into atmosphere

 Effects of global warming
• Shows various effects on agricultural fields and decrease the yield of
agriculture.

• Changes in forest types and their behaviour, increase in frequency of

forest fires and loss of wild life.

• Extreme changes in climate and increase heat waves and droughts.

• Causes heavy rainfall in some areas and heavy droughts in some

areas.
• Decreases availability of water resources and decline in water
quality.

disruption of eco-system, loss bio-diversity, changes in species

pattern and genetic disorders on large scale.

• Health/ mental disturbances, respiratory diseases, allergies,

water pollution, increase in death rate, etc.

• Effects nutrient cycles i.e. carbon cycle, sulphu cycle,

phosphorous cycle and nitrogen cycle i water and atmosphere.
 Prevention methods
• Reduce deforestation

• planting more trees

• Developing a way to sustainable agriculture

• Sequester carbon dioxide in deep oceans

• Drastic reduction in consumption of fossil fuels especially coal

• Increased dependence on renewable energy sources

• Limit human population to urban areas

• Following environmentally compatible life style

 References

• https://www.nationalgeographic.com

• Greenhouse Gases: Sources, Sinks and Mitigation -Saurabh Sonwani

Thank you