Dr. S. N.

Pusawale
Assistant Professor,
Department of Sciences & Humanities
RIT, Sakharale
LCD: Liquid Crystal Display
 A Liquid Crystal display is a passive device. It doesn't
produce any light.
 Liquid crystals are the intermediate phase between
liquid and crystal.
 LCD do not generate light energy but simply modulate
the light in selected area so it will appear black or
bright.
 Liquid crystals have elongated rod like structure
 There are three phases of Liquid crystals
 One feature of liquid crystals is that they're affected by
electric current. The nematic liquid crystal, called
twisted nematics (TN), is naturally twisted. Applying an
electric current to these liquid crystals will untwist them
to varying degrees, depending on the current's voltage.
Working of LCD

When two polarizer's are placed in crossed position (900 rotation) then plane
polarized light from one polarizer can not passed through the other.
Twisted nematic crystals are now arranged between two polarizers with this
arrangement the plane of polariszed light start to rotate as per the arrangement of
crystals. Light entering the second polarizer is rotated through 900 due to twisted
arrangement and is now able to pass through second polarizer
 When no external
electric field is
applied across the
Liquid crystals the
light is able to pass
through second
polarizer

When electric field is

applied the molecules
arrange themselves in
the direction of field
leading to untwisted
arrangement so no light
comes out through
second polarizer
 Due to the response of Liquid crystals to the external field, black and white images

or characters are produced.

 By arranging small pixels together as a matrix will produce on which it is possible to

show different sizes of images and characters.

 By controlling the voltage applied between liquid crystal layers in each pixel, light

can be allowed to pass through outer polarization filter in various amounts, so that

it can possible to produce different gray levels on the LCD screen.

In order to produce color images a color filter is placed in front of the outer

polarization plate as shown in figure1.5.

The red, green and blue are the three standard colors filters are placed for every

three pixels to produce different color images by varying the intensity of each

color.
 General Applications of LCD’s:

i)Computer Monitors (Computer Screens)

ii)Instrument Panels

iii)Televisions

iv)Aircraft cockpit displays

Images from http://www.npeducations.com/2012/07/liquid-crystal-display-and-its-

internal.html