SELF TEST – ANSWERS

1. Similarity

Q. 1.
(A) (1) (D)
(2) (C)
(3) (A)
(4) (B)

(B) (1) Solution :

9PQR  9 XYZ  … (Given)
PQ QR PR
  
XY YZ XZ
... (Corresponding sides of similar triangles are in proportion.)

(2) Solution :

9 ABC  9 PQR by SAS test of similarity.

Q. 2.

(A) (1) Proof :

In 9XDE, PQ  DE  … (Given)
\ by basic proportionality theorem,
XQ XP
  … (1)
QE PD
In 9XEF, QR  EF  … (Given)
\ by basic proportionality theorem,
XQ XR
  … (2)
QE RF
\ from (1) and (2),
XP XR
 
PD RF
\ seg PR || seg DF
 ... [Reason : Converse of basic proportionality theorem
(2) Activity : 
PR 7   
 … (1) … (Substituting the values)
PQ 10
RM 3  
 … (2) … (Substituting the values)
MQ 4
\ from (1) and (2), we get,
SELF TEST : MATHEMATICS (PART - 1) STD. X [ANSWERS – CHAPTER 1] 1
 PR RM
 (Put sign  or  )
PQ MQ
 ray PM is not the bisector of Ð QPR [is/is not].
(B) (1) Solution :
PQ 6 2
  … (1)
LM 3 1
QR 8 2
  … (2)
MN 4 1
PR 10 2
  … (3)
LN 5 1
In 9PQR and 9LMN,
PQ QR PR
     ... [From (1), (2) and (3)]
LM MN LN
 9PQR 9LMN  … (SSS test of similarity)
(2) Solution : 
Let the areas of two similar triangles be A1 and A2.
Let their respective corresponding sides be S1 and S2.
A1  225 sq cm, A2  81 sq cm and S2  12 cm  … (Given)
The two triangles are similar.
\ by theorem of areas of similar triangles,
S2
 A1  12
A2 S2

 225  1 2
S2
81 12
225  122
 S12
81
15  12
 S1  … (Taking square roots on both the sides)
9
\ S1  20 cm
Ans. The corresponding side of the bigger triangle is 20 cm.
Q. 3.
(1) Solution :
(i) A(9DEF)  300 cm2 … (Given) … (1)
1
Area of triangle   base  height
2
1
 A ( 9 DEF)   EF  DH
2
1
300   EF  12
2

300  2  EF
12

2 SELF TEST : MATHEMATICS (PART - 1) STD. X [ANSWERS – CHAPTER 1]

  EF  50 cm  … (2)
1
(ii)  A ( 9 GEF)  EF  GK
2
1
  50  20  … [From (2)]
2
     500 cm2  … (3)
(iii) A( DEGF) A(9DEF)  A(9GEF)
 300  500  … [From (1) and (3)]
 800 cm2
Ans. EF  50 cm, A(9GEF)  500 cm2 and A( DEGF)  800 cm2
(2) Solution :
In 9PQR,
if line ST || side QR,
then by basic proportionality theorem,
PS PT

SQ TR
3 x
 
6 y
1 x
 
2 y
\ y  2x
If x  2, then y  2x  2  2  4
 x  2 and y  4 can be one pair of possible values of x and y.
If x  2.5, then y  2x  2  2.5  5
 x  2.5 and y  5 can be other pair of possible values.
Thus (x, y) can be (2, 4) or (2.5, 5).
[Note : The student has to select the values of x and y in such a manner that it
satisfies the equation y  2x and sum of two sides of a triangle is greater than the
third side.]
(3) Activity :

In 9 PQA and 9 RSA,

Ð PQA XÐ RSA ... ( Alternate angle )

Ð PAQ XÐ RAS ... ( Vertically opposite angles )
 9 PQA  9 RSA ... (AA test of similarity)
AP
PQ   ... (Corresponding sides of similar triangle) ... (1)
SR AR

SELF TEST : MATHEMATICS (PART - 1) STD. X [ANSWERS – CHAPTER 1] 3

 Substituting AR  5AP in (1)
AP
 PQ 
SR 5AP

1
 PQ 
SR 5
 SR  5PQ
Q. 4.
(1) Given : In 9PQR, bisector of ÐPQR intersects side PR in point S such that
P  S  R.
PQ PS
To prove : 
QR SR
Construction : Draw a line parallel to ray QS through
point R. Extend seg PQ to intersect the line at point M
such that P  Q  M.
Proof : In 9PMR,
seg QS  side MR … (Construction)
 by basic proportionality theorem,
PQ PS
  … (1)
QM SR
Ray QS  side MR and line PM is the transversal.
 Ð PQS X Ð QMR … [Corresponding angles] … (2)
Ray QS  side MR and line QR is the transversal.
 Ð SQR X Ð QRM  … [Alternate angles]… (3)
   Ð PQS X Ð SQR  … [Ray QS is the
   bisector of Ð PQR] …(4)
In 9QRM,
Ð QMR X Ð QRM  … [From (2), (3) and (4)]
 seg QR X seg QM … [Converse of isosceles triangle theorem] … (5)
PQ PS
  … [From (1) and (5)]
QR SR
(2) Given : In 9ABC,
X and Y are midpoints of side AB and AC.
To prove : Line XY  side BC.
Proof : In 9ABC,
X is the midpoint of side AB … (Given)
AX
 1 … (1)
XB

4 SELF TEST : MATHEMATICS (PART - 1) STD. X [ANSWERS – CHAPTER 1]

 Y is the midpoint of side AC … (Given)
AY
  1 … (2)
YC
AX AY
   … [From (2), (3) and (4)]
XB YC
 by converse of basic proportionality theorem,
line XY  side BC.

SELF TEST : MATHEMATICS (PART - 1) STD. X [ANSWERS – CHAPTER 1] 5