Dr.

Noha Ammar

* Speed and Velocity:

1st Speed:
- It is simply how fast something is going or distance moved by a body in 1 s.
- It is a scalar quantity (has an amount but no direction).
Distance
Speed = Its S.I. Units is m/s or ms
Time

2nd Velocity:
- Is speed in a particular direction.
- It is a vector quantity (speed and direction)

- Example:
A car covered 600m in 5s, calculate the speed of the car?
Answer: speed = 600 ÷ 15 = 4 m/s.

- Average speed:
The speed of a car will vary during a journey from town to town.
Sometimes the car will be stopped at traffic lights.
However, the average speed over the whole journey.
Total distance
Average speed =
total time taken

* Examples:
- A car travels 200m in 30sec., then it moves 300m in 20 sec.
500
- Its average speed = = 10m / s
50

- A car moves with a speed of 3 m/s then its speed increases and becomes 5 m/s
Calculate its average speed.
- Average speed = (3+5) / 2 = 4 m/s.

DR. NOHA AMMAR

Dr. Noha Ammar

Motion graphs:
- Speed can be calculated from the gradient of (distance – time) graph.
* Distance – time graph:
- Gradient of the distance – time graph is numerically = the speed.

- Types of speeds:

DR. NOHA AMMAR

Dr. Noha Ammar

* Acceleration:
-It is the rate of changing in velocity
Or “It is the changing in velocity per unit time)
v v − u
a= =
t t
- Acceleration is measured in m/s
- Acceleration is a vector quantity (has a direction & a magnitude).
Acceleration (for a moving body)
+ve acceleration –ve acceleration Zero acceleration
speed increases speed decreases the body moves with a
(deceleration) constant speed.
Example 1:
- The speed of a plane was 20 m/s, after 4 s its speed reaches 30m/s. Calculate the
acceleration of the car.
Answer:
v = 30 − 20 = 2.5m / s 2
a=
t 4

Ex. 2-A car moves from rest. It accelerates at 2 m/s2. How fast is it going after 5 s.
Answer:
The car moves from rest, so u = 0. a = 2 m/s2, t = 5 sec.
v −u v−0
a= 2= v = 10m/s
t 5
Acceleration can be calculated from the gradient of (speed – time) graphs
* Speed – time graph:
- Gradient of speed– time graph gives the acceleration of the object.
- Area under graph gives the distance moved by the object.
* Example:
From the shown diagram, find:
a) The acceleration of the body.
b) The traveled distance.
* The answers:
100
Gradient = = 20
5
acceleration = 20 m / s 2
Distance traveled = area under line
= 0.5 5100 = 250 m
DR. NOHA AMMAR
Dr. Noha Ammar

* (speed – time) graphs:

Examples:
1. The graph shows the relation between
distance – time for a car traveling along a
straight road:
a) Describe the motion of the car during each
stage:
b) Calculate the constant speed.
c) What is the average speed between (A-D).
* The answers:
a) AB (accelerate). BC (constant speed).
CD (slowing down). DE (stopped).
b) V= gradient =y2-y1/x2-x1 =60-20/6-2
v = gradient =10 m / s
c) Average speed = total distance travelled / time taken = 70m/8s= 8.75m/s

DR. NOHA AMMAR

Dr. Noha Ammar

2. The graph shows the relation between speed -

time for a motor cycle traveling along a road.
a) What is the maximum speed.
b) What is the acceleration during the first 5 s.
c) What is the deceleration during the last 10 s.
d) What is the total distance traveled.
* The answers:
a) 60 m/s.
b) v − u = 60 − 0 = 12 m / s 2
a=
t 5

v−u 0 − 60
c) a = = = - 6 m / s2
t 10
d) Total distance traveled = area under the graph = 1050 m.

area = (b1+b2/2) x h = 10+25/2 x 60 =1050m

DR. NOHA AMMAR

Dr. Noha Ammar

Dr. Noha Ammar