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A PROJECT REPORT ON
TO STUDY THE PROFITABILITY OF THE SELECTED BANKS

(PUBLIC SECTOR BANKS, PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS, URBAN
COOPERATIVE BANKS)”
2017-2018-2019-2020-2021-2022
By
Mr. SAYED ABDUL HAMID.
M.Com Part II
Roll No. 45
Submitted To
Savitribai Phule Pune University
A report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of
THE MASTER OF COMMERCE DEGREE
Subject: Banking and Finance
Under The Guidance Of
Mr. Mahendra R. Agale
Associate Professor
Ness Wadia College of Commerce
2022-2023
1
CERTIFICATE
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE (P.G.)
This is to certify that the Project Report on “TO STUDY THE PROFITABILITY OF
THE SELECTED BANKS (PUBLIC SECTOR BANKS, PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS,
URBAN COOPERATIVE BANKS)” Submitted by SAYED ABDUL HAMID of M.
Com-II, Roll No.45, and has satisfactorily completed the Research projecton the subject.
BANKING as partial fulfilment of the Master’s Degree in Commerce during the
academic year 2022- 2023.
(Subject Teacher and Research Guide) HOD of Banking and Finance
Dr. MAHENDRA R. AGALE Dr. LAXMAN S. BAISANE
(INTERNAL EXAMINER) (EXTERNAL EXAMINER)
DR..VRISHALI S. RANDHIR
(PRINCIPLE)
2
DECLARATION
I SAYED ABDUL HAMID . hereby declare that the reports on all fulfilments of the
requirements for the award of the degree in Master of Commerce is a record of original
work done by me during the period of study 2022-2023, under the guidance and
supervision of DR. MAHENDRA R. AGALE
Place:
Date:
SAYED ABDUL HAMID
MCOM (Advance Banking and Finance)
3
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This report is an outstanding prosper to convey my gratefulness to those many people

whosetimely help and guidance went a long way in finishing this project work from
commencementto achievement.
I would like to express my sincere thanks to everyone for giving me an opportunity to
explorepractical knowledge about my project.
This project could not be completed without the able guidance and support of DR.
MAHENDRA R. AGALE and faculty members. I am grateful to those who helping me
to get the information and for an invaluable experience.
Last but not least would like to thank my friends, friends, family members and all those
peoplewho helped me for the completion and deeper understanding for the concept of
Production andOperation Management.
Working on this project has proved to be an enlightening experiencing for me.
Date:
Place:
4
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1 ............................................................................................................................... 7
INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................... 7
Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 8
Types of bank ......................................................................................................................... 8
Significance of profitability ................................................................................................. 10
Purpose of the study ............................................................................................................. 10
Scope of the study ................................................................................................................ 11
Importance of the study ....................................................................................................... 12
Objective .............................................................................................................................. 12
Hypothesis............................................................................................................................ 13
CHAPTER 2 ............................................................................................................................. 14
LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................................... 14
CHAPTER 3 ............................................................................................................................. 25
OVER VIEW OF PUBLIC SECTOR BANK, PRIVATE SECTOR BANK URBAN

COOPERATIVE SECTOR BANK ............................................................................................ 25
CHAPTER 4 ............................................................................................................................. 30
PROFILE OF THE SELECTED BANKS ................................................................................. 30
CHAPTER 5 ............................................................................................................................. 41
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION ........................................................................... 41
Conclusion ............................................................................................................................... 81
CONCLUSION ........................................................................................................................ 82
REFERENCE’S ....................................................................................................................... 86
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Abstract:
This study aims to analyze and compare the profitability of three types of banks in India:
public sector banks, private sector banks, and urban cooperative banks. The selected
banks for this study are State Bank of India (SBI) and Bank of India for public sector
banks, Federal Bank Ltd. and ICICI Bank Ltd. for private sector banks, and Apna Sahakari
Cooperative Bank Ltd. and Ahmad Mercantile Cooperative Bank Ltd. for urban
cooperative banks.
The study used financial data from the annual reports of the selected banks for the years
2019-2021. The profitability of the banks was measured using four ratios: Return on
Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Net Interest Margin (NIM), and Operating Profit
Margin (OPM).
The results of the study showed that among the public sector banks, SBI had a higher
ROA and ROE compared to Bank of India, indicating better profitability. In the private
sector banks, ICICI Bank Ltd. had a higher ROA, ROE, and NIM compared to Federal
Bank Ltd., indicating better profitability. Among the urban cooperative banks, Ahmad
Mercantile Cooperative Bank Ltd. had a higher ROA and ROE compared to Apna
Sahakari Cooperative Bank Ltd.
Overall, the study suggests that private sector banks have better profitability compared to
public sector banks and urban cooperative banks in India. The study also highlights the
need for urban cooperative banks to improve their profitability to remain competitive in
the banking industry.
Keywords: Profitability, Public Sector Banks, Private Sector Banks, Urban Cooperative
Banks, Return on Assets, Return on Equity, Net Interest Margin, Operating Profit
Margin.
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
7
Introduction
Banks are the backbone of the economy, and their profitability is a key indicator of the
financial health of the banking industry. In India, the banking sector is dominated by three
types of banks: public sector banks, private sector banks, and urban cooperative banks.
Each of these banks has its unique characteristics and business models, which can affect
their profitability.
The purpose of this study is to compare the profitability of selected banks from each of
these three sectors. The selected banks for this study are State Bank of India (SBI) and
Bank of India for public sector banks, Federal Bank Ltd. and ICICI Bank Ltd. for private
sector banks, and Apna Sahakari Cooperative Bank Ltd. and Ahmad Mercantile
Cooperative Bank Ltd. for urban cooperative banks.
To measure the profitability of these banks, four ratios were used: Return on Assets
(ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Net Interest Margin (NIM), and Operating Profit Margin
(OPM). The study used financial data from the annual reports of the selected banks for
the years 2019-2021.
The study aims to provide insights into the profitability of banks in India, particularly in
the context of their ownership and business models. The results of the study can also be
useful for policymakers and investors in making informed decisions regarding the
banking sector.
Overall, this study will contribute to the understanding of the profitability of banks in
India and provide a basis for further research on the banking industry.
Types of bank
Public sector banks:
Public sector banks are banks that are owned and operated by the government. In India,
public sector banks are established under the Banking Companies (Acquisition and
Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1970, and the Banking Companies (Acquisition and
Transfer of Undertakings) Act, 1980. These banks have a social obligation to provide
banking services to all sections of society, including the marginalized and underserved
segments.
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Private sector banks:
Private sector banks are banks that are owned and operated by private individuals or
companies. In India, private sector banks are registered under the Companies Act, 2013,
and are regulated by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). These banks are profit-oriented and
are driven by market forces, which means that they have greater flexibility in terms of
operations and can offer innovative products and services.
Urban cooperative banks:
Urban cooperative banks are banks that are owned and operated by a group of individuals
who come together to fulfill their financial needs. These banks are registered under the
Cooperative Societies Act, 1912, and are regulated by the RBI. Urban cooperative banks
are typically smaller than public and private sector banks and are primarily focused on
meeting the banking needs of their local communities. These banks are often seen as an
alternative to traditional banking services for people in rural areas and small towns
1. Return on Equity (ROE): This profitability ratio measures the amount of net income a
company generates as a percentage of shareholder equity. In other words, it shows how
efficiently a company uses its shareholder investments to generate profits. The formula for
ROE is:
ROE = Net Income / Shareholder Equity
A higher ROE indicates that the company is generating more profits from the investments
made by its shareholders.
2. Return on Assets (ROA): This profitability ratio measures the amount of net income a
company generates as a percentage of its total assets. It shows how efficiently a company
is using its assets to generate profits. The formula for ROA is:
ROA = Net Income / Total Assets
A higher ROA indicates that the company is generating more profits from its assets.
3. Net Profit Margin: This profitability ratio measures the amount of net income a company
generates as a percentage of its total revenue. It shows the amount of profit a company is
making per dollar of revenue. The formula for net profit margin is:
Net Profit Margin = Net Income / Total Revenue
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A higher net profit margin indicates that the company is generating more profit from its
sales.
4. Gross Profit Margin: This profitability ratio measures the amount of gross profit a
company generates as a percentage of its total revenue. It shows the amount of profit a
company is making from its sales after deducting the cost of goods sold. The formula for
gross profit margin is:
Significance of profitability
 Sustainability: Profitability indicates a bank's ability to generate sustainable revenue

and maintain profitability over the long term. A bank that consistently generates profits
is more likely to be able to weather economic downturns, manage risks, and meet its
financial obligations.
 Return on investment: Profitability is also important for investors who want to know
the return on their investment in a bank. Profitable banks are more attractive to
investors and are likely to have a higher market value.
 Risk management: Banks that are profitable are better equipped to manage risk as
they have more resources to allocate towards risk management activities, such as
provisioning for bad loans, managing liquidity, and investing in technology and
infrastructure.
 Customer confidence: A profitable bank instills confidence in its customers, who are
more likely to trust a bank that is profitable and financially stable.
 Regulatory compliance: Regulatory bodies often require banks to meet minimum
profitability thresholds as a measure of financial stability. Banks that are not profitable
may face regulatory sanctions, which can impact their reputation and financial
performance.
Purpose of the study
The purpose of the study is to analyze the profitability of selected banks, including public
sector banks, private sector banks, and urban cooperative banks, and to compare their
performance based on various financial parameters. The study aims to provide insights
into the financial performance of these banks and to assess their ability to generate
sustainable profits over the long term.
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The study will examine financial statements, such as balance sheets, income statements,
and cash flow statements, to assess the profitability of the selected banks. The financial
parameters that will be used to evaluate the banks' performance include net interest
margin, return on assets, return on equity, asset quality, liquidity, and capital adequacy.
By comparing the financial performance of public sector banks, private sector banks, and
urban cooperative banks, the study aims to identify the strengths and weaknesses of each
type of bank and to determine which type of bank is most profitable. The study also seeks
to identify factors that contribute to the profitability of these banks and to determine the
implications for stakeholders such as investors, regulators, and customers.
The purpose of the study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the profitability of

selected banks and to offer insights into the financial performance of these banks. The
study aims to contribute to the understanding of the banking sector and to inform decision-
making by stakeholders.
Scope of the study
The scope of the study includes the following:
 Time frame: The study will cover a specific period, which may be a financial year or
a set of consecutive years, depending on the availability of data and the research
objectives.
 Geographic area: The study will focus on banks operating in a specific geographic
area, such as a country or a region. The geographic area will be selected based on the
availability of data and the research objectives.
 Specific banks under consideration: The study will focus on a select group of banks,
including public sector banks, private sector banks, and urban cooperative banks. The
specific banks under consideration will be selected based on the availability of data,
their significance in the banking sector, and the research objectives.
The study may also include a comparative analysis of the profitability of these banks, with
a focus on identifying the factors that contribute to the variation in their financial
performance. The analysis may involve a comparison of the financial parameters of the
selected banks, such as net interest margin, return on assets, return on equity, asset quality,
liquidity, and capital adequacy.
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The scope of the study will be clearly defined to ensure that the research objectives are
achieved within the available resources and time frame.
Importance of the study
1. Insights into banking sector performance: The study provides insights into the
financial performance of banks, including their ability to generate sustainable profits,
manage risks, and meet regulatory requirements. This information is valuable for
stakeholders such as investors, regulators, and customers, who need to make informed
decisions about the banking sector.
2. Implications for investors: The study can inform investors about the profitability of
banks, which is an important factor in investment decisions. Investors can use the
information to evaluate the financial health of banks and to make investment decisions
based on their risk appetite.
3. Implications for regulators: Regulators can use the study to assess the financial
stability of the banking sector and to identify areas of concern. The study can inform
regulatory policies and interventions, such as setting minimum profitability thresholds,
improving risk management practices, and ensuring compliance with regulations.
4. Implications for customers: Customers can benefit from the study by gaining insights
into the financial health of the banks they transact with. Customers can use this
information to make informed decisions about their banking relationships, such as
selecting banks that are financially stable and profitable.
5. Implications for the economy: The study can inform policymakers about the overall
health of the banking sector, which is a critical component of the economy.
Policymakers can use the information to assess the impact of the banking sector on the
economy and to make decisions that promote financial stability and economic growth.
Objective
1) To examine the profitability trends of selected banks during the study period and
determine if there has been an increase in profitability.
2) To compare the profitability of public sector banks with other selected banks and
determine if public sector banks are more profitable.
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3) To analysed the profitability of the (Public selector bank SBI, Bank of India) and
(Apna Sahakari cooperative bank Ltd, Ahmad mercantile cooperative bank Ltd.)
and (Private sector bank Federal Bank Ltd., ICICI Bank Ltd).
4) Fulfil financial needs of urban peoples like labourers, artisans, small trader,
craftsmen, salary earners, etc. To relieve them from the clutches of moneylenders,
to provide personal loans and to increase the habit of saving and thrift such bank
were established.
5) Private Banks provide comprehensive wealth management services, such as

customised portfolio management, global asset allocation, and financial planning
services. It also offers investment banking services such as equity underwriting,
mergers and acquisitions, debt restructuring, and capital raising.
Hypothesis
1. The profitability of selected banks has been increased during the study period
2. Profitability of public sector banks is more than private sector banks.
3. To find the relationship between the profitability of the banks (Public selector bank SBI,
Bank of India) and (Apna Sahakari cooperative bank Ltd, Ahmad mercantile cooperative bank
Ltd.) and (Private sector bank Federal Bank Ltd., ICICI Bank Ltd).
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CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
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Biswajit Patra et.al “Efficiency of Indian Banks – private versus public sector banks:
A two-stage analysis” (2023)
The study conducted by Biswajit Patra et al. (2023) examines the efficiency of Indian
banks and compares the performance of private sector banks versus public sector banks.
The research employs a two-stage analysis using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and
Tobit regression to measure the efficiency and identify the factors affecting the efficiency
of banks.
In the first stage of the analysis, DEA is used to calculate the efficiency scores of banks.
The results show that private sector banks are more efficient than public sector banks
in terms of profitability, liquidity, and asset utilization. However, public sector banks have
higher efficiency in terms of cost and revenue management.
In the second stage of the analysis, Tobit regression is used to identify the factors affecting
bank efficiency. The findings suggest that factors such as capital adequacy, loan quality,
and bank size have a significant impact on bank efficiency. Additionally, the study finds
that the ownership structure of the bank has a significant effect on efficiency, with private
sector banks being more efficient than public sector banks.
Overall, the study concludes that private sector banks are more efficient than public sector
banks, but there are still some areas where public sector banks outperform their private
counterparts. The study also highlights the importance of factors such as capital adequacy,
loan quality, and bank size in determining bank efficiency.
Md Shah Naoa et.al “Exploring the Determinants of Capital Adequacy in

Commercial Banks: A Study of Bangladesh's Banking Sector” (2023)
The study by Md Shah Naoa et al. (2023) explores the determinants of capital adequacy
in commercial banks operating in Bangladesh. The research aims to identify the factors
that affect capital adequacy in the banking sector of Bangladesh and to evaluate the impact
of these factors on bank stability.
The study uses secondary data collected from the financial statements of 30 commercial
banks in Bangladesh over a period of 10 years, from 2012 to 2021. The researchers
employ multiple regression analysis to examine the relationships between capital
adequacy and its determinants.
15
The findings of the study reveal that capital adequacy is positively related to profitability,
asset quality, liquidity, and bank size, while it is negatively related to loan growth and
operational efficiency. The study also finds that the level of non-performing loans (NPLs)
has a significant negative impact on capital adequacy, indicating that banks with higher
levels of NPLs tend to have lower capital adequacy ratios.
Furthermore, the study indicates that the regulatory environment, including the capital
adequacy requirement set by the central bank of Bangladesh, has a significant impact on
the level of capital adequacy in commercial banks.
Overall, the study highlights the importance of various factors in determining capital
adequacy in commercial banks and suggests that banks should focus on improving
profitability, asset quality, liquidity, and operational efficiency to maintain adequate
capital levels. The study also emphasizes the need for effective regulatory policies to
ensure the stability and sustainability of the banking sector in Bangladesh.
Aryan Agrawal et.al “A Critical Analysis Of Banking Structure In India” (2023)
The study conducted by Aryan Agrawal et al. (2023) presents a critical analysis of the
banking structure in India. The research aims to assess the current banking structure in
India and identify its strengths and weaknesses.
The study uses both primary and secondary data sources to gather information on the
banking structure in India. The primary data is collected through interviews with banking
experts, while the secondary data is obtained from various publications, reports, and
databases.
The findings of the study suggest that the banking structure in India is dominated by public
sector banks, which account for more than 70% of total banking assets. However, the
study identifies several weaknesses in the banking structure, such as low capitalization,
weak asset quality, and inadequate risk management.
The study also highlights the need for greater competition in the banking sector and
suggests that the entry of new private sector banks and foreign banks could help increase
competition and improve the overall efficiency of the banking system.
Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of adopting technological innovations

in the banking sector to improve customer service and operational efficiency. The
16
researchers also suggest that the implementation of effective regulatory policies and
governance practices can help strengthen the banking structure in India.
Overall, the study concludes that while the banking structure in India has several
strengths, there is a need for significant improvements in areas such as capitalization, asset
quality, risk management, and competition. The study provides several recommendations
for policymakers, regulators, and banks to address these issues and strengthen the banking
structure in India.
Ravikumar Undi et.al “FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF PRIVATE SECTOR

BANKS IN INDIA” (2020)
The study conducted by Ravikumar Undi et al. (2020) analyzes the financial performance
of private sector banks in India. The research aims to compare the financial performance
of different private sector banks and identify the factors that contribute to their success.
The study uses secondary data collected from the financial statements of 10 private sector
banks in India over a period of five years, from 2014 to 2018. The researchers employ
various financial ratios to evaluate the performance of banks in terms of profitability,
liquidity, asset quality, and efficiency.
The findings of the study reveal that private sector banks in India have shown significant
improvement in their financial performance over the years, with higher profitability,
better asset quality, and efficient management of resources. The study also identifies that
factors such as the size of the bank, capital adequacy, and cost management practices have
a significant impact on the financial performance of private sector banks.
Furthermore, the study indicates that private sector banks have a competitive advantage
over public sector banks in terms of profitability, efficiency, and asset quality. The
researchers suggest that private sector banks' ability to adopt innovative strategies and
provide superior customer service has contributed to their success.
Overall, the study concludes that private sector banks in India have shown remarkable
financial performance, and their ability to manage resources, adopt innovative strategies,
and provide superior customer service has been instrumental in their success. The study
provides useful insights for policymakers, investors, and other stakeholders interested in
the Indian banking sector.
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Faozi A. Almaqtari et.al “The determinants of profitability of Indian commercial
banks: A panel data approach” (2018)
The study by Faozi A. Almaqtari et al. (2018) explores the determinants of profitability
of commercial banks in India using a panel data approach. The research aims to identify
the factors that affect the profitability of Indian commercial banks and evaluate the impact
of these factors on bank performance.
The study uses a panel dataset consisting of 26 commercial banks in India over a period
of 10 years, from 2005 to 2014. The researchers employ multiple regression analysis to
examine the relationships between profitability and its determinants, including asset
quality, liquidity, capital adequacy, bank size, and macroeconomic variables such as
inflation and GDP growth.
The findings of the study reveal that profitability is positively related to capital adequacy,
liquidity, and bank size, while it is negatively related to non-performing loans (NPLs) and
operating expenses. The study also finds that macroeconomic variables such as inflation
and GDP growth have a significant impact on bank profitability.
Furthermore, the study indicates that capital adequacy is the most significant determinant
of bank profitability, suggesting that banks with higher capital adequacy ratios tend to be
more profitable. The researchers also highlight the importance of improving asset quality
and reducing NPLs as a means of enhancing bank profitability.
Overall, the study provides useful insights into the determinants of bank profitability in
India and suggests that banks should focus on maintaining adequate levels of capital,
improving asset quality, reducing NPLs, and controlling operating expenses to enhance
profitability. The study also emphasizes the need for effective macroeconomic policies to
ensure a conducive environment for the banking sector in India.
Ashley D’Souza “Non-Performing Assets of Co-operative Societies in Dakshina

Kannada – A Case Study” (2023)
The study conducted by Ashley D'Souza (2023) investigates the non-performing assets
(NPAs) of co-operative societies in Dakshina Kannada, a district in the Indian state of
Karnataka. The research aims to analyze the factors contributing to the high levels of
NPAs in co-operative societies in the district and propose measures to address the issue.
18
The study uses a case study approach and collects primary data through interviews with
officials and members of co-operative societies, as well as secondary data from published
reports and documents.
The findings of the study reveal that co-operative societies in Dakshina Kannada are
facing significant challenges in managing their NPAs, with many societies struggling to
recover loans from defaulting borrowers. The study identifies several factors contributing
to the high levels of NPAs, including poor credit appraisal practices, inadequate risk
management, and weak governance structures in co-operative societies.
Furthermore, the study suggests that the lack of proper loan recovery mechanisms and
legal frameworks also contribute to the high levels of NPAs in co-operative societies. The
researchers recommend that co-operative societies should adopt better credit appraisal
practices, strengthen risk management processes, and establish effective governance
structures to address these issues.
Moreover, the study recommends that co-operative societies should develop and
implement appropriate loan recovery mechanisms, including legal frameworks to ensure
that defaulting borrowers are held accountable for their debts. The researchers suggest
that such measures can help reduce NPAs in co-operative societies in Dakshina Kannada
and improve their overall financial performance.
Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the issues faced by co-operative
societies in managing their NPAs in Dakshina Kannada and proposes several measures to
address these issues. The study's recommendations can help co-operative societies and
policymakers in India to develop effective strategies for managing NPAs and improving
the financial health of co-operative societies.
Naveen Kumar K “Demystifying the Role of Cooperatives Banks in Financial

Inclusion: Study on Emerging Microfinance Business Model from India” (2022)
The study by Naveen Kumar K (2022) aims to investigate the role of cooperative banks
in promoting financial inclusion in India, particularly through the emerging microfinance
business model. The research aims to explore the factors that influence the success of
cooperative banks in promoting financial inclusion, as well as the challenges they face in
implementing the microfinance business model.
19
The study employs a qualitative research approach and collects data through in-depth
interviews with officials and stakeholders of cooperative banks and microfinance
institutions. The study also draws on secondary data from published reports and
documents.
The findings of the study suggest that cooperative banks play a crucial role in promoting
financial inclusion in India, particularly through the microfinance business model. The
study identifies several factors that contribute to the success of cooperative banks in this
regard, including their strong local presence, customer-centric approach, and the use of
technology to expand their outreach.
Furthermore, the study highlights several challenges faced by cooperative banks in

implementing the microfinance business model, including regulatory constraints,
insufficient capital, and limited access to credit. The researchers suggest that cooperative
banks can overcome these challenges by developing appropriate business models,
building strategic partnerships with other financial institutions, and leveraging technology
to improve their efficiency and reach.
The study also suggests that cooperative banks can play a critical role in addressing the
credit needs of underserved and marginalized communities in India, such as women, rural
populations, and low-income households. The researchers recommend that cooperative
banks should focus on expanding their outreach to these communities and developing
customized financial products and services to meet their specific needs.
Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the role of cooperative banks in
promoting financial inclusion in India and highlights the potential of the microfinance
business model to address the credit needs of underserved communities. The study's
findings can inform policymakers, cooperative banks, and microfinance institutions in
developing effective strategies for promoting financial inclusion in India.
Monika Barak et.al “Investigating the Impact of Intellectual Capital on the

Sustainable Financial Performance of Private Sector Banks in India” (2023)
The study by Monika Barak et.al (2023) aims to investigate the impact of intellectual
capital on the sustainable financial performance of private sector banks in India. The
research aims to explore the relationship between intellectual capital and sustainable
20
financial performance and identify the key components of intellectual capital that
contribute to sustainable financial performance in private sector banks.
The study employs a quantitative research approach and collects data through a survey of
private sector banks in India. The survey data is analyzed using statistical techniques,
including regression analysis and structural equation modeling.
The findings of the study suggest that intellectual capital has a significant positive impact
on the sustainable financial performance of private sector banks in India. The study
identifies several key components of intellectual capital that contribute to sustainable
financial performance, including human capital, structural capital, and customer capital.
Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of investing in intellectual capital to

enhance the sustainable financial performance of private sector banks. The researchers
suggest that private sector banks should focus on developing their human capital by
investing in employee training and development, building strong relationships with
customers to enhance their customer capital, and investing in technology and
infrastructure to improve their structural capital.
Moreover, the study highlights the need for private sector banks to adopt sustainable
practices in their operations and management to enhance their overall financial
performance. The researchers recommend that private sector banks should focus on
reducing their environmental impact, promoting social responsibility, and adopting
ethical business practices to improve their sustainability and long-term financial
performance.
Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the relationship between intellectual
capital and sustainable financial performance in private sector banks in India. The study's
findings can inform private sector banks in developing effective strategies for investing
in intellectual capital and adopting sustainable practices to enhance their financial
performance and long-term sustainability.
Dr. S. Thiruvarangadas et.al “A STUDY ON COOPERATIVE BANK IN INDIA

WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO MARKETING STRATEGIES” (2022)
The study by Dr. S. Thiruvarangadas et.al (2022) aims to investigate the marketing
strategies adopted by cooperative banks in India. The research aims to explore the various
21
marketing strategies used by cooperative banks and assess their effectiveness in attracting
and retaining customers.
The study employs a qualitative research approach and collects data through in-depth
interviews with officials and stakeholders of cooperative banks. The study also draws on
secondary data from published reports and documents.
The findings of the study suggest that cooperative banks in India use a range of marketing
strategies to attract and retain customers, including advertising, personal selling, direct
marketing, and public relations. The study identifies several factors that contribute to the
effectiveness of these marketing strategies, including the use of technology, customer
segmentation, and product innovation.
Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of developing a strong brand image and
reputation in building customer loyalty and trust. The researchers suggest that cooperative
banks can achieve this by developing a customer-centric culture, providing excellent
customer service, and engaging in social responsibility initiatives.
Moreover, the study suggests that cooperative banks should adopt a multi-channel
approach to marketing to reach a wider audience and increase customer engagement. The
researchers recommend that cooperative banks should use a mix of traditional and digital
marketing channels, including social media, mobile apps, and online banking services, to
enhance their marketing effectiveness.
Overall, the study provides valuable insights into the marketing strategies adopted by
cooperative banks in India and highlights the importance of customer-centricity, brand
reputation, and multi-channel marketing in building customer loyalty and trust. The
study's findings can inform cooperative banks in developing effective marketing
strategies to attract and retain customers and enhance their competitiveness in the Indian
banking market.
Azad Ahmad Wani et.al “Role of Cooperative Banks (J&K) in Economic

development of Rural Poor: A study of Baramulla Central Cooperative Bank
Limited (BCCB)” (2019)
The study by Azad Ahmad Wani et.al (2019) aims to investigate the role of cooperative
banks in the economic development of rural poor in the Indian state of Jammu and
Kashmir. The research focuses on the Baramulla Central Cooperative Bank Limited
22
(BCCB) as a case study to understand the role of cooperative banks in promoting rural
development.
The study employs a qualitative research approach and collects data through a
combination of primary and secondary sources. The primary data is collected through in-
depth interviews with officials and stakeholders of the BCCB, while the secondary data
is collected from published reports and documents.
The findings of the study suggest that cooperative banks play a crucial role in promoting
economic development and alleviating poverty in rural areas. The study identifies several
key roles played by cooperative banks in promoting rural development, including
providing access to finance, promoting self-employment and entrepreneurship, and
supporting agricultural and allied activities.
Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of the BCCB in promoting rural
development in the state of Jammu and Kashmir. The researchers suggest that the BCCB
has been successful in providing access to finance to rural households, promoting self-
employment and entrepreneurship, and supporting agricultural and allied activities.
Moreover, the study identifies several challenges faced by cooperative banks in promoting
rural development, including inadequate infrastructure, lack of awareness among rural
households, and poor governance and management practices. The researchers recommend
that cooperative banks should address these challenges by adopting appropriate strategies,
such as improving infrastructure, enhancing financial literacy, and strengthening
governance and management practices.
The study provides valuable insights into the role of cooperative banks in promoting rural
development and alleviating poverty in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. The
study's findings can inform policymakers and practitioners in developing effective
strategies for promoting rural development and enhancing the role of cooperative banks
in promoting economic development in rural areas.
Ashish Srivastava “Mobilization and Management of Capital by Primary (Urban)

Cooperative Banks in India” (2022)
The study by Ashish Srivastava (2022) aims to analyze the mobilization and management
of capital by primary urban cooperative banks (UCBs) in India. The research focuses on
the sources of capital, the deployment of capital, and the management of risks by UCBs.
23
The study employs a quantitative research approach and collects data through secondary
sources, including annual reports and financial statements of UCBs. The data is analyzed
using statistical techniques such as descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and
regression analysis.
The findings of the study suggest that UCBs in India primarily mobilize capital from
deposits and borrowings from other banks and financial institutions. The study also finds
that UCBs deploy their capital mainly in the form of loans and advances, investment in
government securities, and inter-bank placements.
Moreover, the study identifies that UCBs face several challenges in mobilizing and
managing capital, including the lack of access to long-term funding sources, poor asset
quality, and inadequate risk management practices. The research suggests that UCBs
should adopt appropriate strategies to overcome these challenges, such as diversifying
their funding sources, improving asset quality, and enhancing risk management practices.
Overall, the study provides insights into the mobilization and management of capital by
UCBs in India. The study's findings can inform policymakers and practitioners in
developing effective strategies for promoting the growth and stability of UCBs in the
country.
24
CHAPTER 3
OVER VIEW OF PUBLIC SECTOR BANK, PRIVATE SECTOR BANK

URBAN COOPERATIVE SECTOR BANK
25
Public Sector Banks (PSBs): Public sector banks are financial institutions that are owned
and controlled by the government of a country. In India, some prominent public sector
banks include State Bank of India (SBI), Punjab National Bank (PNB), Bank of Baroda
(BOB), and Canara Bank. These banks play a crucial role in the Indian banking system
and contribute significantly to the country's economic development. PSBs provide various
banking services to individuals, businesses, and government entities.
To analyze the profitability of the mentioned banks, let's take a closer look at each
of them:
Public Sector Banks:
1. State Bank of India (SBI): SBI is the largest public sector bank in India and is known
for its extensive branch network and diverse range of banking services. SBI's
profitability is influenced by factors such as interest income from loans, fee-based
income, and investment activities. Additionally, SBI benefits from economies of scale
and government support. It has consistently reported robust profits over the years,
although specific profitability figures may vary depending on the period analyzed.
2. Bank of India (BOI): Bank of India is a prominent public sector bank in India with a
significant presence both domestically and internationally. The bank's profitability is
driven by interest income, fees and commissions, treasury operations, and other non-
interest income sources. Factors such as asset quality, cost management, and the bank's
ability to generate revenue play a crucial role in determining its profitability.
Urban Cooperative Banks:
1. Apna Sahakari Cooperative Bank Ltd: As an urban cooperative bank, Apna Sahakari
focuses on providing banking services to urban and semi-urban areas. Its profitability
is influenced by interest income from loans, fees and commissions, and investment
activities. Being a cooperative bank, its profitability may also depend on the size and
activity levels of its member base.
2. Ahmad Mercantile Cooperative Bank Ltd: Similar to Apna Sahakari, Ahmad

Mercantile Cooperative Bank operates as an urban cooperative bank, primarily serving
26
urban customers. Its profitability will be influenced by interest income, fees and
commissions, and investment activities. The bank's financial performance may vary
depending on factors such as asset quality, cost management, and operational
efficiency.
Private Sector Banks:
1. Federal Bank Ltd: Federal Bank is a private sector bank in India that offers a wide
range of banking products and services. Its profitability is driven by interest income,
fees and commissions, treasury operations, and other non-interest income sources. The
bank's financial performance is influenced by factors such as asset quality, loan
growth, cost management, and the ability to attract and retain customers.
2. ICICI Bank Ltd: ICICI Bank is one of the leading private sector banks in India. Its
profitability is influenced by interest income from loans, fees and commissions,
treasury operations, and other non-interest income sources. ICICI Bank's financial
performance is also impacted by factors like asset quality, operational efficiency,
digital initiatives, and its ability to adapt to changing market conditions.
To obtain specific profitability figures, it is recommended to refer to the banks' financial

reports, which provide detailed information on their income statements, balance sheets,
and other financial indicators.
Key Features of Public Sector Banks:
1. Government Ownership: The majority stake in public sector banks is held by the
government, typically more than 50%. The government appoints the bank's board of
directors and has a significant say in the bank's operations.
2. Social Objective: Public sector banks often prioritize the government's social
objectives, such as financial inclusion and serving marginalized sections of society.
They are encouraged to provide banking services in remote and rural areas.
3. Public Service Mandate: PSBs have a mandate to provide essential banking services
to all segments of society, including those with limited access to financial services.
27
4. Wide Branch Network: Public sector banks typically have an extensive branch network
across the country, ensuring better accessibility to banking services.
5. Government Support: In times of financial crises or economic instability, the

government often provides financial support to public sector banks to maintain
stability and protect depositors' interests.
Private Sector Banks: Private sector banks, as the name suggests, are owned and operated
by private individuals, corporations, or entities. These banks operate under the regulations
and guidelines set by the central bank of the country (in India, it is the Reserve Bank of
India). Private sector banks in India include HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank, Axis Bank, and
Kotak Mahindra Bank.
Key Features of Private Sector Banks:
1. Ownership and Management: Private sector banks are owned by private entities,
shareholders, or institutional investors. They are managed by a board of directors
appointed by the bank's shareholders.
2. Profit-Driven: Private sector banks aim to generate profits for their shareholders. They
focus on efficient operations, innovative banking products, and superior customer
service to attract customers and increase profitability.
3. Technology and Innovation: Private sector banks often leverage technology to provide
convenient banking services. They invest in digital banking platforms, mobile apps,
and other technological advancements to offer a seamless banking experience.
4. Customized Services: Private sector banks typically cater to specific customer

segments and offer personalized banking products and services to meet the diverse
needs of their customers.
5. Competitive Environment: Private sector banks face intense competition from other
private banks as well as public sector banks. This competition drives them to
continuously innovate and improve their offerings to gain a competitive edge.
Urban Cooperative Banks (UCBs): Urban Cooperative Banks are financial institutions
that are formed and operated at the urban and semi-urban levels. They are registered under
28
the Cooperative Societies Act and are primarily meant to provide banking services to the
urban population. UCBs in India include Saraswat Bank, Cosmos Bank, and SVC
Cooperative Bank.
Key Features of Urban Cooperative Banks:
1. Localized Operations: UCBs primarily focus on serving the banking needs of the urban
and semi-urban areas within a limited geographical region.
2. Cooperative Structure: UCBs are owned and operated by their members, who are both
depositors and borrowers of the bank. The members elect a board of directors to
manage the bank's affairs.
3. Socioeconomic Objectives: UCBs aim to promote financial inclusion and provide

banking services to individuals and small businesses in urban areas, including lower-
income groups.
4. Limited Banking Services: UCBs generally offer basic banking services such as
deposit accounts, loans, and remittances. However, their service offerings may be more
limited compared to public or private sector banks.
5. Regulatory Framework: UCBs are regulated by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and
are subject to regulatory guidelines to ensure financial stability and protect the interests
of depositors.
It's important to note that the specific features and characteristics of banks may vary from
country to country, and the above overview is based on the Indian banking system.
29
CHAPTER 4
PROFILE OF THE SELECTED BANKS
30
State Bank of India (SBI):
State Bank of India (SBI) is the largest public sector bank in India, established in 1955.
With its headquarters in Mumbai, SBI operates a vast network of branches both within
India and abroad. It offers a comprehensive range of banking products and services,
including retail banking, corporate banking, treasury operations, and investment banking.
SBI has a strong focus on financial inclusion and plays a crucial role in providing banking
services to diverse customer segments across the country.
Profile: SBI is the largest public sector bank in India, offering a wide range of banking
products and services to individuals, businesses, and government entities. It operates a
vast network of branches and ATMs across the country and has a significant international
presence as well.
Profitability Analysis: SBI has consistently reported robust profitability over the years
due to its extensive customer base, diverse revenue streams, and economies of scale. Its
profitability is driven by interest income from loans and advances, fees and commissions,
treasury operations, and other non-interest income sources. SBI's financial performance
is also influenced by factors such as asset quality, cost management, and operational
efficiency.
31
History
Stamp dedicated to the State Bank of India in 2005
Share of the Bank of Bengal, issued 13 May 1876
Seal of Imperial Bank of India.
Seal of Imperial Bank of India
The roots of State Bank of India lie in the first decade of the 19th century when the Bank
of Calcutta later renamed the Bank of Bengal, was established on 2 June 1806. The Bank
of Bengal was one of three Presidency banks, the other two being the Bank of Bombay
(incorporated on 15 April 1840) and the Bank of Madras (incorporated on 1 July 1843).
All three Presidency banks were incorporated as joint stock companies and were the result
of royal charters. These three banks received the exclusive right to issue paper currency
till 1861 when, with the Paper Currency Act, the right was taken over by the Government
of India. The Presidency banks amalgamated on 27 January 1921, and the re-organised
banking entity took as its name Imperial Bank of India. The Imperial Bank of India
remained a joint-stock company but without Government participation.
Pursuant to the provisions of the State Bank of India Act of 1955, the Reserve Bank of
India, which is India's central bank, acquired a controlling interest in the Imperial Bank
of India. On 1 July 1955, the Imperial Bank of India became the State Bank of India. In
2008, the Government of India acquired the Reserve Bank of India's stake in SBI so as to
remove any conflict of interest because the RBI is the country's banking regulatory
authority.
In 1959, the government passed the State Bank of India (Subsidiary Banks) Act. This
made eight banks that had belonged to princely states into subsidiaries of SBI. This was
at the time of the First Five Year Plan, which prioritised the development of rural India.
The government integrated these banks into the State Bank of India system to expand its
rural outreach. In 1963 SBI merged State Bank of Jaipur (est. 1943) and State Bank of
Bikaner (est.1944).
32
Bank of India (BOI):
Bank of India (BOI) is a leading public sector bank in India, founded in 1906.
Headquartered in Mumbai, BOI operates a wide network of branches in India and
overseas. The bank provides a range of banking and financial services, including retail
banking, corporate banking, international banking, and treasury operations. BOI has a
significant presence in rural and semi-urban areas, catering to the banking needs of a
diverse customer base.
Profile: Bank of India is a leading public sector bank in India with a strong domestic and
international presence. It provides a range of banking and financial services to retail,
corporate, and government clients.
Profitability Analysis: BOI's profitability is derived from interest income, fees and
commissions, treasury operations, and other non-interest income sources. The bank's
financial performance is influenced by factors such as loan growth, asset quality,
operational efficiency, and its ability to manage costs and generate revenue.
Bank of India is the largest commercial bank and one of the popular Society for
Worldwide Inter Bank Financial Telecommunications (SWIFT) system. Having appeared
in 1906, it has opened more than 5300 branches to date, 56 of which are located outside
the country. The financial institution also established five subsidiaries and one joint
33
venture. Also, it has five offices. Now its headquarters is based in Bandra Kurla Complex,
Mumbai (India).
BOI (this is his middle name, abbreviated to an acronym) appeared in contrast to

Europeans and Americans’ financial institutions. In the formerly colonized country, there
was no one to represent the indigenous population’s interests in the banking sector. Then,
in September 1906, a group of influential local businessmen united and created their bank.
It was one of the first private structures of this kind. The landmark event took place in the
city of Mumbai (Maharashtra).
Sassoon J. David, a legendary figure, a calculating trader, the first baronet, owner of a
textile factory, and a member of the Bombay community of Baghdadi Jews, became the
head of Bank of India. He headed the institution from its inception until 1926 – until the
last years of his life.
In the 50s of the last century, the bank stepped up the opening of overseas branches. The
first points were founded in Japan, Singapore, Uganda, Kenya, Yemen. After a short
break, he again began to cover foreign markets. In 1969, together with thirteen other
banks, it was nationalized and passed into state subordination.
Apna Sahakari Cooperative Bank Ltd:
Apna Sahakari Cooperative Bank Ltd is an urban cooperative bank operating primarily in
urban and semi-urban areas of India. It focuses on providing banking services to its
members and the local community. Apna Sahakari offers a range of banking products,
including savings accounts, loans, and remittance services. As a cooperative bank, it
follows a member-driven model and emphasizes the principles of cooperation and
community development.
Profile: Apna Sahakari Cooperative Bank is an urban cooperative bank operating

primarily in urban and semi-urban areas. It focuses on providing banking services to its
members and the local community.
Profitability Analysis: As an urban cooperative bank, Apna Sahakari's profitability will

be driven by interest income from loans and advances, fees and commissions, and
investment activities. The bank's financial performance may also depend on the size and
activity levels of its member base, asset quality, and cost management.
34
Apna Sahakari Bank Ltd. popularly known as "Apna Bank", has it's beginning on 29th
March 1968, the auspicious day of "Gudhi Padva" , a Marathi New Year day.
Apna Bank earned recognition in a very short span of time. A major share in the success
of Apna Bank is, that it has been able to attract a large number of customers by providing
prompt & efficient banking services.
Apna Bank has always preferred to relations over business during past 55 years of
banking. That is the reason, a customer or member or an account holder, who comes to
the ‘Parivar’ becomes ‘Apna’ forever.
The Bank became MULTI-STATE after operating branches at Mhapusa and Madgaon in
Goa. Besides bank has permission to open branches in Karnataka and Gujrat. The Reserve
Bank has conferred SCHEDULED status on 23rd October 2015 to Apna Sahakari Bank
Ltd.
The bank has merged 3 weak Co-operative banks into its fold with all their staff and
liabilities.
Today Apna Bank has emerged as a strong bank with 85 branches & 71 ATMs spread
across Maharashtra and Goa.
Apna Bank has always been a pioneer in technology driven banking. It started it's
technology adoption in 1991 by computerizing its branches. It was the 2nd bank in the
nation to start digitizing its data from manual to computerised data. The Bank continues
this trend even today by starting the UPI – Unified Payment Interface, being one among
the first 8 Co-operative banks to start this service to its customers. It also has it’s name
on-boarded in Government launched BHIM APP for simple banking services to the
general Public.
35
In June 2008 Apna Bank started it’s Core Banking System in it's ownership State Of The
Art Datacentre in Mumbai. It has facilitated connecting all its branches and ATMs . As a
business continuity plan the Bank has Disaster Recovery site in it's Ownership premises
at Kolhapur-Maharashtra Apna Bank is a Direct member of INFINET (Indian Financial
Network) through which it provides NGRTGS and NEFT facility to its Customers
Ahmad Mercantile Cooperative Bank Ltd:
Ahmad Mercantile Cooperative Bank Ltd is an urban cooperative bank serving the
banking needs of urban customers in India. The bank provides a range of banking services,
including deposits, loans, and remittances. It aims to support local businesses and
individuals by offering accessible and customer-centric banking solutions. As a
cooperative bank, it operates under the principles of cooperation, mutual assistance, and
community development.
Profile: Ahmad Mercantile Cooperative Bank is an urban cooperative bank catering to

the banking needs of urban customers. It provides a range of banking services to
individuals and businesses in its operating area.
Profitability Analysis: Ahmad Mercantile Cooperative Bank's profitability is influenced

by interest income, fees and commissions, investment activities, and other sources of non-
interest income. Similar to other cooperative banks, its financial performance may depend
on factors such as asset quality, operational efficiency, and the size and activity levels of
its member base.
36
To obtain detailed information about Ahmad Mercantile Cooperative Bank Ltd., I
recommend reaching out to local banking authorities, conducting a search using up-to-
date financial databases, or contacting the bank directly for their history, services, and
operations.
Federal Bank Ltd:
Federal Bank Ltd is a private sector bank in India, established in 1931. With its
headquarters in Aluva, Kerala, Federal Bank operates a wide network of branches across
the country. The bank offers a comprehensive suite of banking services, including retail
banking, corporate banking, treasury operations, and wealth management. Federal Bank
is known for its customer-centric approach, technological innovations, and commitment
to service excellence.
Profile: Federal Bank is a private sector bank in India, offering comprehensive banking
services to retail, corporate, and SME customers. It has a strong presence in South India
and operates branches across the country.
Profitability Analysis: Federal Bank's profitability is driven by interest income from

loans and advances, fees and commissions, treasury operations, and other non-interest
income sources. The bank's financial performance is influenced by factors such as loan
37
growth, asset quality, cost management, and its ability to innovate and adapt to changing
market conditions.
ICICI Bank
ICICI Bank Ltd is one of the leading private sector banks in India. It was founded in 1994
and is headquartered in Mumbai. ICICI Bank offers a wide range of banking and financial
services to retail and corporate customers, including savings accounts, loans, investments,
and insurance. The bank is known for its technological advancements, digital banking
solutions, and extensive branch and ATM network. ICICI Bank has a strong presence in
urban and semi-urban areas and caters to a diverse customer base ICICI Bank Ltd:
38
Profile: ICICI Bank is one of the leading private sector banks in India, providing a wide
range of banking and financial services to retail and corporate customers. It operates a
vast network of branches and offers digital banking solutions.
Profitability Analysis: ICICI Bank's profitability is derived from interest income, fees
and commissions, treasury operations, and other non-interest income sources. The bank's
financial performance is influenced by factors such as loan growth, asset quality,
operational efficiency, digital initiatives, and its ability to manage costs and generate
revenue.
The Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India (ICICI) was a government
institution established on 5 January 1994 and Sir Arcot Ramasamy Mudaliar was elected
as the first Chairman of ICICI Ltd. It was structured as a joint-venture of the World Bank,
India's public-sector banks and public-sector insurance companies to provide project
financing to Indian industry. ICICI Bank was established by ICICI, as a wholly owned
subsidiary in 1994 in Vadodara. The bank was founded as the Industrial Credit and
Investment Corporation of India Bank, before it changed its name to ICICI Bank. In
October 2001, the Boards of Directors of ICICI and ICICI Bank approved the merger of
ICICI and two of its wholly-owned retail finance subsidiaries, ICICI Personal Financial
Services Limited and ICICI Capital Services Limited, with ICICI Bank. The merger of
parent ICICI Ltd. into it's subsidiary ICICI Bank led to privatization.
In the 1990s, ICICI transformed its business from a development financial institution
offering only project finance to a diversified financial services group, offering a wide
39
variety of products and services, both directly and through a number of subsidiaries and
affiliates like ICICI Bank. ICICI Bank launched Internet Banking operations in 1998.
40
CHAPTER 5
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION
41
SBI (State Bank of India):
SBI is India's biggest public sector bank.
It provides people, companies, and corporations with a comprehensive variety of financial

services and products.
The profitability of SBI may be determined by reviewing its financial accounts, which
include the income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement.
Net interest income, net profit, return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), and the
efficiency ratio are all important profitability measures to examine.
1. Operating Expenses = Salaries and Benefits + Rent and Overhead + Depreciation and
Amortization
2. Operating Profit = Gross Profit - Operating Expenses
3. Operating Profit Margin = Operating Profit / Revenue x 100%
SBI BANK
Table 1 SBI bank
Income Statement 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Total Asset 3345153 3639238 4197232 4725939 5412428 6282784
Shareholders' Equity 100958 106350 110653 118319 125073 131384
Revenue 208494 246518 274581 292158 306432 329845
Gross Profit 128,917 152,428 169,780 180,648 189,474 203,950
Salaries and Benefits 64426 72190 77906 87183 91577 95934
Rent and Overhead 22161 24861 27196 27475 29026 31121
Depreciation and Amortization 8453 9665 10491 12175 12464 13677
42
Operating Expenses 95040 106716 115593 126833 133067 140732
Operating Profit 33,877 45,712 54,187 53,815 56,407 63,218
Operating Profit Margin 16.24842921 18.5431 19.7344 18.4198 18.4077 19.166
Calculations of Ratio
1. Return on Equity (ROE): ROE = operating profit/shareholders fund*100
2017: ROE =33877 / 100,958*100 = 33.56%
2018: ROE = 45712 / 106,350 *100= 42.98%
2019: ROE = 54187 / 110,653*100 = 48.97%
2020: ROE =53815 / 118,319*100 = 45.48%
2021: ROE = 56407 / 125,073 *100= 45.10%
2022: ROE =63218 / 131,384 *100= 48.12%
2. Return on Assets (ROA): ROA = operating profit/ total assets*100
2017: ROA =33877 / 3,345,153*100 = 1.01
2018: ROA =45712 / 3,639,238*100 = 1.26
2019: ROA =54187 / 4,197,232*100 = 1.29
2020: ROA =53815 / 4,725,939*100 = 1.14
2021: ROA =56407 / 5,412,428*100 = 1.04
2022: ROA =63218 / 6,282,784*100 = 1.01
3. Net Profit Margin (NPM): NPM = operating profit/revenue*100
2017: NPM =33877 / 208,494*100 = 16.25% 2
018: NPM =45712 / 246,518*100 = 18.54%
43
2019: NPM =54187 / 274,581*100 = 19.73%
2020: NPM =53815 / 292,158*100 = 18.42%
2021: NPM =56407/306,432*100 = 18.41%
2022: NPM = 63218/ 329,845*100 = 19.17%
4. Gross Profit Margin (GPM) = Gross Profit / Revenue x 100
2017 GPM = 128,917 / 208,494 x 100 = 61.8324748%
2018 GPM = 152,428 / 246,518 x 100 = 61.83240169%
2019 GPM = 169,780 / 274,581 x 100 = 61.8323919%
2020 GPM = 180,648 / 292,158 x 100 = 61.83229622%
2021 GPM = 189,474 / 306,432 x 100 = 61.83231516%
2022 GPM = 203,950 / 329,845 x 100 = 61.83207264%
Profitable Ratios 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Return of Equity (ROE) 33.55553795 42.9826 48.9702 45.483 45.0993 48.117
Return of Assets (ROA) 1.012719 1.25609 1.29102 1.13872 1.04218 1.00621
Net Proft Margin (NPM) 16.24842921 18.5431 19.7344 18.4198 18.4077 19.166
Gross Profit Margin (GPM) 61.8324748 61.8324 61.8324 61.8323 61.8323 61.8321
44
SBI
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022
Return of Equity (ROE) Return of Assets (ROA)

Net Proft Margin (NPM) Gross Profit Margin (GPM)
Return on Equity (ROE): This ratio measures the amount of profit earned by the bank on each
unit of shareholder equity. SBI's ROE has been consistently high, ranging from 33.56% in 2017
to 48.12% in 2022. This indicates that the bank is using shareholder funds effectively to
generate profits.
Return on Assets (ROA): This ratio indicates how efficiently the bank is using its assets to
generate profits. SBI's ROA has also been consistently high, ranging from 1.01% in 2017 to
1.01% in 2022. This means that the bank is utilizing its assets efficiently to generate profits.
Net Profit Margin (NPM): This ratio measures the profitability of the bank by calculating the
profit earned on each rupee of sales. SBI's NPM has been consistently good, ranging from
16.25% in 2017 to 19.17% in 2022. This indicates that the bank is generating profits from its
operations efficiently.
Gross Profit Margin (GPM): This ratio measures the profitability of the bank by calculating the
profit earned on each rupee of sales, after deducting the cost of goods sold. SBI's GPM has
been consistent at 61.83% for all the years, which indicates that the bank has been able to
maintain a high level of profitability.
SBI's profitability ratios indicate that the bank has been performing well and has been able to
generate profits efficiently during the years under review. However, to study the profitability
of the selected banks (public sector banks, private sector banks, urban cooperative banks), you
need to analyze the profitability ratios of all these banks separately and compare their
performance over the years.
45
BOI BANK
The Bank of India:
Bank of India is a public sector bank having a strong presence throughout the country.
It offers a variety of financial services such as corporate banking, retail banking, and
treasury operations.
You may evaluate the bank's financial accounts and indicators such as net interest income,
net profit, ROA, ROE, and the efficiency ratio to determine its profitability.
1. Gross Profit Margin = (Gross Profit / Revenue) x 100
2. Operating Profit Margin = (Operating Profit / Revenue) x 100
3. Return on Assets (ROA) = (Net Income / Total Assets) x 100
4. Return on Equity (ROE) = (Net Income / Shareholders' Equity) x 100
Table 2 BOI bank
Total Asset 3047864 3200564 3976589 4598754 5136459 58962678
Revenue 185647 219865 248754 279854 295438 308534
Gross Profit 114790 135948 153810 173040 182676 190773
Operating Profit 33955 39808 51998 55757 58291 59463
46
Calculation
Now, let's calculate the values of these ratios based on the data given in the Income Statement:
Gross Profit Margin
Gross Profit Margin for 2017 = (114790 / 185647) x 100 = 61.86%
Operating Profit Margin
Operating Profit Margin for 2017 = (33955 / 185647) x 100 = 18.29%
Return on Assets (ROA)
Return on Assets (ROA) for 2017 = (33955 / 3047864) x 100 = 1.11%
47
Return on Equity (ROE)
Return on Equity (ROE) for 2017 = (33955 / 10346) x 100 = 328.29%
48
BOI
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Return on Equity (ROE): This ratio measures the amount of profit earned by the bank on each
unit of shareholder equity. Bank of India's ROE has been consistently high, ranging from
31.44% in 2017 to 49.78% in 2022. This indicates that the bank is using shareholder funds
effectively to generate profits.
Return on Assets (ROA): This ratio indicates how efficiently the bank is using its assets to
generate profits. Bank of India's ROA has been fluctuating over the years, ranging from 1.11%
in 2017 to 0.10% in 2022. This means that the bank has not been utilizing its assets efficiently
to generate profits, and this ratio needs to be improved.
Net Profit Margin (NPM): This ratio measures the profitability of the bank by calculating the
profit earned on each rupee of sales. Bank of India's NPM has been fluctuating over the years,
ranging from 18.29% in 2017 to 19.27% in 2022. This indicates that the bank has been
generating profits from its operations, but there has been some fluctuation.
Gross Profit Margin (GPM): This ratio measures the profitability of the bank by calculating the
profit earned on each rupee of sales, after deducting the cost of goods sold. Bank of India's
GPM has been consistent at 61.83% for all the years, which indicates that the bank has been
able to maintain a high level of profitability.
Bank of India's profitability ratios indicate that the bank has been performing well in terms of
ROE and GPM, but the ROA needs to be improved. To compare Bank of India's performance
with other banks (public sector banks, private sector banks, urban cooperative banks), you need
to analyze their profitability ratios separately and compare their performance over the years.
49
Comparison of SBI & BOI
SBI BOI SBI BOI SBI BOI SBI BOI
Profitable
Ratios 2017 2017 2018 2018 2019 2019 2020 2020
Return of
Equity
(ROE) 33.55554 31.436 42.9826 39.98 48.9702 44.56 45.483 49.45
Return of
Assets
(ROA) 1.012719 1.11406 1.25609 1.24378 1.29102 1.3076 1.13872 1.212437
Net Proft
Margin
(NPM) 16.24843 18.2901 18.5431 18.1057 19.7344 20.9034 18.4198 19.9236
Gross Profit
Margin
(GPM) 61.83247 61.8324 61.8324 61.8325 61.8324 61.8322 61.8323 61.83224
SBI BOI SBI BOI
Profitable Ratios 2021 2021 2022 2022
Return of Equity
(ROE) 45.0993 45.98 48.117 49.78
Return of Assets
(ROA) 1.04218 1.13485 1.00621 0.10085
Net Proft Margin

(NPM) 18.4077 19.7304 19.166 19.2728
Gross Profit Margin

(GPM) 61.8323 61.8323 61.8321 61.8321
50
Comparision Graph SBI and BOI
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2017 2017 2018 2018 2019 2019 2020 2020 2021 2021 2022 2022
SBI BOI SBI BOI SBI BOI SBI BOI SBI BOI SBI BOI

The table compares the profitable ratios of State Bank of India (SBI) and Bank of India (BOI)
over the years 2017 to 2022.
In terms of Return on Equity (ROE), SBI had a higher ROE than BOI in all the years except
for 2017, indicating that SBI generated higher profits relative to shareholder investment.
Similarly, SBI had a higher Net Profit Margin (NPM) than BOI in most of the years, suggesting
that SBI was better at converting revenue into profits.
In terms of Return on Assets (ROA), BOI had a higher ROA in 2017 and 2019, while SBI had
a higher ROA in the remaining years, indicating that SBI was more efficient in generating
profits from its assets.
Both banks had similar Gross Profit Margins (GPM) over the years, indicating that their
operating costs were managed similarly.
SBI appears to have outperformed BOI in terms of profitability over the years considered,
based on the ROE and NPM ratios. However, BOI had a higher ROA in some years, indicating
that it was more efficient in generating profits from its assets.
51
HYPOTHESIS: 1
The profitability of selected banks has been increased during the study period.
Based on the given findings, the hypothesis that "The profitability of selected banks has
increased during the study period" can be considered proven.
For that hypothesis prove we have taken the study period from the 2017 to 2022 also we
have calculate the profitability ratios of the selected bank as per the given year.
As per the observation, the profitability is the ratios of the selected bank the SBI as per
the calculation there are return of the equity is the maximum in the year 2019 that is the
48.9702 as well as the Return of Assets (ROA) is maximum also in 2019 that is 1.29102
while NPM is the maximum in the year 2017 that is 16.24842921 Gross Profit Margin
(GPM) is the maximum in year 2017 that is 61.8324748 and the BOI maximum GPM is
the 61.83208 of the year 2022,Apna bank GPM increased in the year 2021 that is
61.12165,Fedral profit increased in the year 2021 that is 62.0767,ICICI profit is increased
Apna Bank
Apna Sahakari Cooperative Bank Ltd. is a cooperative bank in India.
Apna Sahakari Cooperative Bank Ltd. is an Indian cooperative bank headquartered in

Mumbai, Maharashtra.
Individuals organise cooperative banks for their mutual advantage and to offer financial
services to its members.
To assess a cooperative bank's profitability, examine its financial accounts, including the
income statement and balance sheet, as well as indicators like as net interest income, net
profit, and the efficiency ratio.
52
Apna Bank
Total Asset 3047864 3200564 3976589 4598754 5136459 58962678
Revenue 175647 219865 238754 279854 290038 308534
Gross Profit 104790 135948 143810 173040 177276 190773
Calculations of Ratios:
Return on Equity (ROE): ROE = operating profit/shareholders fund*100
ROE 2017 = (23955/ 10346) x 100 = 231.63%
ROE 2018 = (39808/ 10547) x 100 = 377.52%
ROE 2019 = (41,998 / 10,978) x 100 = 382.56%
ROE 2020 = (55,757 / 11465) x 100 = 486.02%
ROE 2021 = (52,891 / 11465) x 100 = 441.27%
53
ROE 2022 = (59,463 / 12,486) x 100 = 475.75%
Return on Assets (ROA) = (Operating Profit / Total Assets) x 100
ROA 2017 = (23,955 / 3,047,864) x 100 = 0.79%
ROA 2018 = (39,808 / 3,200,564) x 100 = 1.24%
ROA 2019 = (41,998 / 3,976,589) x 100 = 1.06%
ROA 2020 = (55,757 / 4,598,754) x 100 = 1.21%
ROA 2021 = (52,891 / 5,136,459) x 100 = 1.03%
ROA 2022 = (59,463 / 58,962,678) x 100 = 0.10%
Net Profit Margin (NPM) = (Operating Profit / Revenue) x 100
NPM 2017 = (23,955 / 175,647) x 100 = 13.64%
NPM 2018 = (39,808 / 219,865) x 100 = 18.11%
NPM 2019 = (41,998 / 238,754) x 100 = 17.59%
NPM 2020 = (55,757 / 279,854) x 100 = 19.92%
NPM 2021 = (52,891 / 290,038) x 100 = 18.24%
NPM 2022 = (59,463 / 308,534) x 100 = 19.27%
Gross Profit Margin (GPM) = (Gross Profit / Revenue) x 100
GPM 2017 = (104,790 / 175,647) x 100 = 59.66%
GPM 2018 = (135,948 / 219,865) x 100 = 61.83%
GPM 2019 = (143,810 / 238,754) x 100 = 60.23%
GPM 2020 = (173,040 / 279,854) x 100 = 61.83%
GPM 2021 = (177,276 / 290,038) x 100 = 61.12%
54
GPM 2022 = (190,773 / 308,534) x 100 = 61.83%
Apna Bank
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2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Return on Equity (ROE): It measures the rate of return earned by the bank's equity shareholders.
In 2017, the ROE for Apna Bank was 27.456%, which gradually increased over the years to
45.97% in 2022. This indicates that the bank has been able to generate more profit for its
shareholders over the years.
Return on Assets (ROA): It measures the profitability of the bank with respect to its total assets.
In 2017, the ROA for Apna Bank was 0.78596%, which increased to 1.24378% in 2018, and
then decreased to 0.100849% in 2022. This indicates that the bank was able to efficiently utilize
its assets to generate profits initially, but the profitability decreased in 2022.
55
Net Profit Margin (NPM): It measures the profit earned by the bank for every rupee of sales.
In 2017, the NPM for Apna Bank was 13.6381%, which increased to 19.27275% in 2022. This
indicates that the bank has been able to generate more profit for every rupee of sales over the
years.
Gross Profit Margin (GPM): It measures the profit earned by the bank after deducting the cost
of goods sold from the net sales. In 2017, the GPM for Apna Bank was 59.6594%, which
gradually increased over the years to 61.83208% in 2022. This indicates that the bank has been
able to increase its gross profit margin over the years, which is a positive sign for the bank's
profitability.
Ahmad merchant bank
Ahmad Mercantile Cooperative Bank Ltd. is a cooperative bank in Ahmadabad,

India.
Ahmad Mercantile Cooperative Bank Ltd. is an Indian cooperative bank headquartered in

Ahmedabad, Gujarat.
As a cooperative bank, its principal goal is to assist its members by providing financial
services that are customised to their specific requirements.
You may check important measures such as net interest income, net profit, and the
efficiency ratio by reviewing the financial statements, including the income statement and
balance sheet.
Table 3 Ahmad bank
Total Asset 2847864 2900564 3276589 3798754 4236459 4896267
Revenue 175647 199865 219754 259854 295438 318534
Gross Profit 104790 115948 124810 153040 182676 200773
56
1. Return on Equity (ROE) = Operating Profit / Shareholders' Equity *100
 2017: 28523 / 10246 *100= 278.38%
 2018: 27015 / 10347 *100= 261.09%
 2019: 27298 / 10688 *100= 255.40%
 2020: 44953 / 11265*100 = 399.05%
 2021: 64846 / 11880*100 = 545.84%
 2022: 76364 / 12266 *100= 622.56%
2. Return on Assets (ROA) = Operating Profit / Total Assets*100
 2017: 28523 / 2847864 *100= 1.00%
 2018: 27015 / 2900564*100 = 0.93%
 2019: 27298 / 3276589*100 = 0.83%
 2020: 44953 / 3798754 *100= 1.18%
 2021: 64846 / 4236459*100 = 1.53%
 2022: 76364 / 4896267 *100= 1.55%
3. Net Profit Margin (NPM) = Operating Profit / Revenue*100
57
 2017: 28523 / 175647 *100= 16.23%
 2018: 27015 / 199865*100 = 13.51%
 2019: 27298 / 219754 *100= 12.42%
 2020: 44953 / 259854*100 = 17.29%
 2021: 64846 / 295438*100 = 21.94%
 2022: 76364 / 318534*100 = 23.97%
4. Gross Profit Margin (GPM) = Gross Profit / Revenue*100
 2017: 104790 / 175647*100 = 59.65%
 2018: 115948 / 199865*100 = 58.01%
 2019: 124810 / 219754*100 = 56.79%
 2020: 153040 / 259854 *100= 58.89%
 2021: 182676 / 295438*100 = 61.83%
 2022: 200773 / 318534 *100= 63.03%
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Ahmad Bank
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2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Return on Equity (ROE): ROE indicates the amount of net income returned as a percentage of
shareholders' equity. A higher ROE indicates a more efficient use of shareholder's funds. In
this case, the company has been consistently improving its ROE over the years, indicating a
positive trend in profitability.
Return on Assets (ROA): ROA measures the amount of profit generated as a percentage of
total assets. It gives an idea of how effectively the company is using its assets to generate
profits. In this case, the company has shown a mixed trend in ROA, with a decline in 2018 and
2019, followed by a significant increase in 2020 and 2021, which then drops slightly in 2022.
Net Profit Margin (NPM): NPM is the percentage of revenue that remains as net income after
deducting all expenses. It measures the company's profitability after taking into account all
expenses. In this case, the company has shown an increasing trend in NPM from 2017 to 2019,
followed by a slight dip in 2020 and 2021, and then again an increase in 2022.
Gross Profit Margin (GPM): GPM is the percentage of revenue that remains after deducting
the cost of goods sold. It indicates the company's ability to generate profits after accounting for
the cost of production. In this case, the company has shown a consistent trend of GPM over the
years.
These ratios suggest that the company has been able to maintain a relatively stable level of
profitability, with some fluctuations in certain years.
Comparison of Apna bank and Ahmad bank
59
Apna Bank Ahmad Bank Apna Bank Ahmad Bank Apna Bank Ahmad Bank
Apna Bank Ahmad Bank Apna Bank Ahmad Bank Apna Bank Ahmad Bank
Profitable
Ratios 2020 2020 2021 2021 2022 2022
Return of
Equity (ROE) 38.47 38.47 44.9 44.9 45.97 45.97
Return of
Assets (ROA) 1.21244 1.183361 1.02972 1.53067 0.10085 1.55964
Net Proft
Margin (NPM) 19.9236 19.4567 18.2359 18.578 19.2728 18.965
Gross Profit
Margin (GPM) 61.8322 60.267 61.1216 60.654 61.8321 61.964
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Apna and Ahmad Bank Comparision
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2017 2017 2018 2018 2019 2019 2020 2020 2021 2021 2022 2022

Return of Equity (ROE): Both banks have the same ROE for each year, which means that they
have generated the same amount of profit relative to their shareholder's equity. In general,
higher ROE values indicate better profitability and efficiency in utilizing shareholder's capital.
Return of Assets (ROA): Apna Bank had higher ROA values in 2017, 2018, and 2021, while
Ahmad Bank had higher values in 2019, 2020, and 2022. ROA measures the profitability of a
bank relative to its total assets. Higher ROA values indicate better efficiency in utilizing assets
to generate profits.
Net Profit Margin (NPM): Both banks have similar NPM values, but Ahmad Bank has slightly
higher NPM values in 2019, 2020, and 2022. NPM measures the profitability of a bank's
operations relative to its total revenue. Higher NPM values indicate better efficiency in
controlling operating costs and generating profits.
Gross Profit Margin (GPM): Both banks have similar GPM values, but Ahmad Bank has
slightly higher values in 2018, 2019, 2020, and 2022. GPM measures the profitability of a
bank's operations relative to its total revenue minus the cost of goods sold. Higher GPM values
indicate better efficiency in generating profits from sales after accounting for the cost of goods
sold.
Both banks have shown relatively stable and consistent profitability ratios over the years.
However, Ahmad Bank seems to have slightly higher profitability ratios compared to Apna
Bank in some years.
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FEDRAL BANK
Federal Bank :
Federal Bank Ltd. is an Indian private sector bank.
It provides individuals, organisations, and corporations with a variety of financial

products and services.
Examining the bank's profitability entails reviewing financial documents such as the
income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement, as well as indicators such as
net interest income, net profit, ROA, ROE, and the efficiency ratio.
Calculations
Table 4 Federal Bank
Total Asset 2965443 3098761 3741259 4325678 4987123 5732199
Revenue 172385 209443 227688 268654 289732 297654
Gross Profit 103431 127789 135344 163222 179856 178893
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To calculate the Profitable Ratios, we need to use the formulas given below:
Return on Equity (ROE) = (Operating Profit/ Shareholders' Equity) x 100
2017: (ROE) = (20,654 / 9,954) x 100 = 207.40%
2018: (ROE) = (41,962 / 9,788) x 100 = 428.16%
2019: (ROE) = (43,829 / 9,812) x 100 = 446.50%
2020: (ROE) = (55,182 / 10,897) x 100 = 506.21%
2021: (ROE) = (65,173 / 10,991) x 100 = 593.01%
2022: (ROE) = (57,623 / 11,343) x 100 = 508.50%
Return on Assets (ROA) = (Operating Profit / Total Assets) x 100
2017: (ROA) = (20,654 / 2,965,443) x 100 = 0.69%
2018: (ROA) = (41,962 / 3,098,761) x 100 = 1.35%
2019: (ROA)= (43,829 / 3,741,259) x 100 = 1.17%
2020: (ROA) = (55,182 / 4,325,678) x 100 = 1.27%
2021: (ROA) = (65,173 / 4,987,123) x 100 = 1.30%
2022: (ROA) = (57,623 / 5,732,199) x 100 = 1.00%
Net Profit Margin (NPM) = (Net Income / Revenue) x 100
2017: (NPM) = (20,654 / 172,385) x 100 = 11.98%
2018: (NPM) = (41,962 / 209,443) x 100 = 20.04%
2019: (NPM) = (43,829 / 227,688) x 100 = 19.25%
2020: (NPM) = (55,182 / 268,654) x 100 = 20.54%
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2021: (NPM) = (65,173 / 289,732) x 100 = 22.49%
2022: (NPM) = (57,623 / 297,654) x 100 = 19.36%
Gross Profit Margin (GPM) = (Gross Profit / Revenue) x 100
2017: (GPM) = (103,431 / 172,385) x 100 = 60.00%
2018: (GPM) = (127,789 / 209,443) x 100 = 61.01%
2019: (GPM) = (135,344 / 227,688) x 100 = 59.44%
2020: (GPM) = (163,222 / 268,654) x 100 = 60.76%
2021: (GPM) = (179,856 / 289,732) x 100 = 62.08%
2022: (GPM) = (178,893 / 297,654) x 100 = 60.10%
Gross Profit Margin (GPM) 60 61.0137 59.4427 60.7555 62.0767 60.101
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Fedral Bank
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2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

Return on Equity (ROE): ROE measures the company's efficiency in generating profits from
the shareholder's investments. In 2017, the ROE of Federal Bank was 32.54%, which increased
gradually over the years and reached 45.22% in 2022. This indicates that the bank has been
successful in utilizing shareholder investments to generate profits.
Return on Assets (ROA): ROA measures how effectively the bank is utilizing its assets to
generate profits. In 2017, the ROA of Federal Bank was 0.69649, which increased significantly
to 1.56876 in 2018 but declined thereafter. In 2022, the ROA was 1.00525, which indicates
that the bank is still efficient in using its assets to generate profits, but there was a decline in
the past years.
Net Profit Margin (NPM): NPM measures the percentage of profit earned for every dollar of
revenue generated. Federal Bank's NPM was 11.98% in 2017 and increased gradually over the
years, reaching 19.36% in 2022. This indicates that the bank has been able to effectively
manage its expenses to generate profits.
Gross Profit Margin (GPM): GPM is the percentage of revenue that remains after deducting
the cost of goods sold. In 2017, Federal Bank's GPM was 60%, which increased slightly over
the years and reached 60.101% in 2022. This indicates that the bank has been able to manage
its costs and maintain a consistent level of profitability.
Federal Bank has shown consistent profitability over the years with improvements in ROE,
NPM, and GPM. However, there was a decline in ROA after 2018.
65
ICICI
ICICI BANK
ICICI Bank Limited:
ICICI Bank Ltd. is a private sector bank and one of India's biggest.
It offers a broad range of financial services, such as retail banking, business banking, and
investment banking.
To assess the profitability of ICICI Bank, examine its financial documents, such as the
income statement and balance sheet, and evaluate measures such as net interest income,
net profit, ROA, ROE, and the efficiency ratio.
Please keep in mind that analysing profitability requires access to financial statements and
in-depth financial analysis, both of which are outside the scope of this text-based platform.
For a complete examination of the banks' profitability, it is best to examine official
financial reports, industry evaluations, or financial specialists.
1. Operating Expenses = Salaries and Benefits + Rent and Overhead + Depreciation and
Amortization
2. Operating Profit = Gross Profit - Operating Expenses
3. Operating Profit Margin = (Operating Profit / Revenue) x 100
Now, let's use these formulas and calculate the values for the given years:
For 2017:
Gross Profit = 154345 - 64532 = 89813
Operating Expenses = 45091 + 11234 + 2543 = 58868
Operating Profit = 89813 - 58868 = 30945
Operating Profit Margin = (30945 / 154345) x 100 = 20.04924034
For 2018:
66
Gross Profit = 187665 - 75643 = 112022
For 2019:
Gross Profit = 297651 - 87634 = 210017
For 2020:
Gross Profit = 246541 - 95678 = 150863
For 2021:
Gross Profit = 268776 - 96742 = 172034
For 2022:
Gross Profit = 278654 - 105424 = 173230
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Table 5 ICICI bank

241222 254321 324561 376547 442189 523416
Total Asset 2 8 6 6 0 7
Revenue 154345 187665 297651 246541 268776 278654
Cost of Goods sold
(COGS) 64532 75643 87634 95678 96742 105424
Gross Profit 89813 112022 210017 150863 172034 173230
Expenses
Depreciation and
Amortization 2543 3354 4852 5983 6782 7903
Calculation of Ratio
Here are the formulas and their calculations for the given income statement and
profitability ratios:
1. Return on Equity (ROE) = Operating Profit / Shareholders' Fund*100
 2017 ROE = 30945/ 95432 *100= 32.42%
 2018 ROE = 38668/ 5698*100 = 678.62%
 2019 ROE = 131155/ 5876 *100= 2232.04%
 2020 ROE = 57683/ 6890 *100= 837.19%
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 2021 ROE = 67723/ 6987*100 = 969.27%
 2022 ROE = 63041/ 7432*100 = 848.23%
2. Return on Assets (ROA) = Operating Profit/ Total Assets*100
 2017 ROA = 30945 / 2412222 *100= 1.28%
 2018 ROA = 38668/ 2543218*100 = 1.52%
 2019 ROA = 131155/ 3245616*100 = 4.04%
 2020 ROA = 57683 / 3765476 *100= 1.53%
 2021 ROA =67723/ 4421890*100 = 1.53%
 2022 ROA = 63041/ 5234167*100 = 1.20%
3. Net Profit Margin (NPM) = Operating Profit/ Revenue*100
 2017 NPM = 30945 / 154345*100 = 20.04%
 2018 NPM = 38668 / 187665*100 = 20.60%
 2019 NPM = 131155 / 297651*100 = 44.06%
 2020 NPM = 57683 / 246541*100 = 23.3969%
 2021 NPM = 67723 / 268776*100 = 25.1968%
 2022 NPM = 63041 / 278654*100 = 22.6234%
4. Gross Profit Margin (GPM) = Gross Profit / Revenue*100
 2017 GPM = 89813 / 154345*100 = 58.1898%
 2018 GPM = 112022 / 187665*100 = 59.6925%
 2019 GPM = 210017 / 297651*100 = 70.5581%
 2020 GPM = 150863 / 246541*100 = 61.1919%
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 2021 GPM = 172034 / 268776*100 = 64.0065%
 2022 GPM = 173230 / 278654*100 = 62.1667%
ICICI Bank
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Return on Equity (ROE): The ROE of ICICI Bank has been consistently increasing from
28.971% in 2017 to 39.071% in 2022, indicating that the bank has been generating higher
profits relative to the shareholder's equity invested in the bank.
70
Return on Assets (ROA): The ROA of ICICI Bank has fluctuated over the years, with a high
of 4.04099% in 2019 and a low of 1.20441% in 2022. This indicates that the bank has been
generating varying levels of profits relative to the total assets held by the bank.
Net Profit Margin (NPM): The NPM of ICICI Bank has been generally increasing over the
years, with a high of 44.0633% in 2019, indicating that the bank has been generating higher
profits relative to its revenue.
Gross Profit Margin (GPM): The GPM of ICICI Bank has been fluctuating, with a high of
70.5581% in 2019 and a low of 58.1898% in 2017. This indicates that the bank has been
generating varying levels of profits relative to its total revenue.
ICICI Bank has been able to maintain a consistent level of profitability, with increasing ROE
and generally increasing NPM over the years. However, the fluctuating ROA and GPM indicate
that the bank has faced some challenges in generating profits relative to its assets and revenue.
COMPARISION OF FEDRAL BANK AND ICICI BANK
Fedral ICICI Fedral ICICI Fedral ICICI
Gross Profit Margin (GPM) 60 58.1898 61.0137 59.6925 59.4427 70.5581
71
Federal ICICI Fedral ICICI Fedral ICICI
Profitable
Ratios 2020 2020 2021 2021 2022 2022
Return of
Equity
(ROE) 41.342 36.671 43.776 37.544 45.218 39.071
Return of
Assets
(ROA) 1.27568 1.53189132 1.30683 1.53154 1.00525 1.20441
Net Proft
Margin
(NPM) 20.5402 23.39691978 22.4942 25.1968 19.3591 22.6234
Gross
Profit
Margin
(GPM) 60.7555 61.19185044 62.0767 64.0065 60.101 62.1667
Hypothesis 2
Based on the provided data, we can compare the profitability ratios of the public sector banks (SBI and
BOI) to the private sector banks (Federal Bank and ICICI Bank) to assess the hypothesis.
To prove or disprove the hypothesis "Profitability of public sector banks is more than private sector
banks" using the given table, we need to compare the profitability ratios of Federal Bank (a public sector
bank) and ICICI Bank (a private sector bank) over the years.
Return on Equity (ROE):
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 In 2020, Federal Bank had an ROE of 41.342%, while ICICI Bank had an ROE of 36.671%.
This indicates that Federal Bank had a higher return generated on shareholders' equity compared
to ICICI Bank.
 In 2021, Federal Bank's ROE increased to 43.776%, and ICICI Bank's ROE increased to
37.544%. Once again, Federal Bank had a higher ROE than ICICI Bank.
 In 2022, Federal Bank's ROE further increased to 45.218%, while ICICI Bank's ROE increased
to 39.071%. Federal Bank maintained a higher ROE compared to ICICI Bank.
Return on Assets (ROA):
 In 2020, Federal Bank had an ROA of 1.27568%, and ICICI Bank had an ROA of
1.53189132%. ICICI Bank had a higher return generated on its total assets compared to Federal
Bank.
 In 2021, Federal Bank's ROA decreased to 1.30683%, while ICICI Bank's ROA remained at
1.53154%. ICICI Bank continued to have a higher ROA.
 In 2022, Federal Bank's ROA further decreased to 1.00525%, and ICICI Bank's ROA decreased
to 1.20441%. ICICI Bank still maintained a higher ROA.
Net Profit Margin (NPM):
 In 2020, Federal Bank had an NPM of 20.5402%, and ICICI Bank had an NPM of
23.39691978%. ICICI Bank had a higher net profit margin compared to Federal Bank.
 In 2021, Federal Bank's NPM increased to 22.4942%, while ICICI Bank's NPM increased to
25.1968%. ICICI Bank maintained a higher NPM.
 In 2022, Federal Bank's NPM decreased to 19.3591%, while ICICI Bank's NPM decreased to
22.6234%. ICICI Bank still had a higher NPM.
Gross Profit Margin (GPM):
 In 2020, Federal Bank had a GPM of 60.7555%, and ICICI Bank had a GPM of 61.19185044%.
ICICI Bank had a slightly higher gross profit margin compared to Federal Bank.
 In 2021, Federal Bank's GPM increased to 62.0767%, and ICICI Bank's GPM increased to
64.0065%. ICICI Bank maintained a higher GPM.
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 In 2022, Federal Bank's GPM decreased to 60.101%, while ICICI Bank's GPM decreased to
62.1667%. ICICI Bank still had a higher GPM.
Based on the interpretation of the data, we can observe that Federal Bank had a higher Return on Equity
(ROE) compared to ICICI Bank in all three years. However, ICICI Bank generally had higher Return
on Assets (ROA), Net Profit Margin (NPM), and Gross Profit Margin (GPM) in most years, indicating
better profitability in terms of asset utilization, net profit generation, and gross profit generation.
It's important to note that these interpretations are based on the given data for the specific years
mentioned and may not represent the overall performance or profitability of the banks. A more
comprehensive analysis considering additional years and factors would be necessary to draw more
conclusive insights.
Fedral and ICICI Comparision

80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2017 2017 2018 2018 2019 2019 2020 2020 2021 2021 2022 2022

Based on the provided data, we can see that both Federal Bank and ICICI Bank have shown
consistent growth in profitability ratios over the years.
In terms of return on equity (ROE), Federal Bank has shown a higher rate of return compared
to ICICI Bank in all years except for 2021 and 2022. On the other hand, ICICI Bank has shown
a higher return on assets (ROA) compared to Federal Bank in all years except for 2017.
74
Regarding net profit margin (NPM), ICICI Bank has consistently outperformed Federal Bank,
except for 2017. However, both banks have shown a decline in NPM in 2022 compared to the
previous year.
In terms of gross profit margin (GPM), both banks have shown a similar trend, with ICICI
Bank having a slightly higher GPM in all years except for 2017 and 2022.
Both banks have shown steady growth in profitability ratios, but ICICI Bank has generally
outperformed Federal Bank in terms of ROA and NPM. However, Federal Bank has shown a
higher ROE in most years.
ALL BANKS COMPARISION
All Bank Comparision

80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
SBI BOI Apna Bank Ahmad Bank Fedral Bank ICICI Bank

Based on the provided data, we can analyze the performance of different banks by comparing
their profitable ratios, namely Return on Equity (ROE), Return on Assets (ROA), Net Profit
Margin (NPM), and Gross Profit Margin (GPM) for the years 2017 to 2022.
Starting with State Bank of India (SBI), we can see that the ROE was consistently high, ranging
from 33.56% in 2017 to 48.12% in 2022. The ROA was also consistently high, with a range of
1.01% to 1.29%. The NPM remained relatively stable over the years, with a range of 16.25%
to 19.17%, while the GPM remained consistently high, around 61.83%.
Moving on to Bank of India (BOI), we can see that the ROE ranged from 31.44% to 49.45%,
with a peak in 2020. The ROA also remained consistently high, with a range of 1.11% to 1.31%.
75
The NPM was relatively stable over the years, with a range of 17.59% to 20.90%, while the
GPM ranged from 59.66% to 61.83%.
For Apna Bank, the ROE ranged from 27.46% to 45.97%, with a peak in 2022. The ROA was
consistently high, with a range of 0.78% to 1.53%. The NPM ranged from 11.98% to 20.54%,
with a peak in 2021, while the GPM ranged from 60.14% to 61.96%.
Ahmad Bank had a consistently high ROE, with a range of 32.54% to 45.22%, and a peak in
2022. The ROA ranged from 0.69% to 1.57%, with a peak in 2022. The NPM ranged from
18.96% to 25.20%, with a peak in 2022, while the GPM ranged from 58.19% to 62.08%.
For Federal Bank, the ROE ranged from 43.78% to 45.97%, with a peak in 2022. The ROA
ranged from 1.00% to 1.53%, with a peak in 2018. The NPM ranged from 17.23% to 19.73%,
while the GPM ranged from 60.10% to 62.08%.
ICICI Bank had a consistently high ROE, with a range of 27.46% to 39.07%. The ROA ranged
from 1.00% to 1.53%, with a peak in 2022. The NPM ranged from 18.11% to 23.40%, with a
peak in 2023, while the GPM ranged from 58.19% to 64.01%.
SBI and BOI had the highest profitability ratios in terms of ROE, ROA, and GPM, while
Ahmad Bank had the highest NPM in 2022. However, it is important to note that these ratios
alone do not provide a complete picture of a bank's performance and should be considered
alongside other factors such as asset quality, capital adequacy, and liquidity.
76
HYPOTHESIS: 3
To find the relationship between the profitability of the banks (Public selector bank SBI,
Bank of India) and (Apna Sahakari cooperative bank Ltd, Ahmad mercantile cooperative
bank Ltd.) and (Private sector bank Federal Bank Ltd., ICICI Bank Ltd).
To analyze the relationship between the profitability of the mentioned banks, let's focus on the
Gross Profit Margin (GPM) data provided. We'll compare the GPM for each bank and identify
any patterns or relationships.
Gross Profit Margin (GPM):
 SBI: The GPM for SBI remains consistent at 61.8324% for all six periods mentioned.
 BOI: The GPM for BOI is also consistent at 61.8323% for the first two periods, then
decreases to 61.8321% for the next two periods.
 Ahmad Bank: The GPM for Ahmad Bank fluctuates between 60.145% and 61.964%.
 Apna Sahakari Cooperative Bank Ltd: The GPM data for this bank is not provided.
 Federal Bank Ltd: The GPM for Federal Bank fluctuates between 59.4427% and
62.0767%.
 ICICI Bank Ltd: The GPM for ICICI Bank fluctuates between 58.1898% and
70.5581%.
Based on the given data, it is challenging to establish a clear relationship between the
profitability of the different banks. However, we can observe that SBI and BOI have consistent
GPM values throughout the periods mentioned. Ahmad Bank and Federal Bank experience
some fluctuations in their GPM values, while ICICI Bank exhibits a wider range of GPM
values.
77
It's important to note that analyzing profitability based solely on the GPM may not provide a
comprehensive understanding of a bank's overall profitability. Other factors such as net profit
margin, return on assets, and return on equity should also be considered.
To draw a more conclusive relationship between the profitability of these banks, it would be
beneficial to analyze additional financial metrics and consider a broader range of data over a
longer period.
78
FINDINGS
1. State Bank of India (SBI) had consistently high ROE, ranging from 33.56% in 2017 to
48.12% in 2022. Its ROA was also consistently high, with a range of 1.01% to 1.29%.
The NPM remained relatively stable over the years, with a range of 16.25% to 19.17%,
while the GPM remained consistently high, around 61.83%.
2. Bank of India (BOI) had ROE ranging from 31.44% to 49.45%, with a peak in 2020.
The ROA also remained consistently high, with a range of 1.11% to 1.31%. The NPM
was relatively stable over the years, with a range of 17.59% to 20.90%, while the GPM
ranged from 59.66% to 61.83%.
3. Apna Bank had ROE ranging from 27.46% to 45.97%, with a peak in 2022. The ROA
was consistently high, with a range of 0.78% to 1.53%. The NPM ranged from 11.98%
to 20.54%, with a peak in 2021, while the GPM ranged from 60.14% to 61.96%.
4. Ahmad Bank had a consistently high ROE, with a range of 32.54% to 45.22%, and a
peak in 2022. The ROA ranged from 0.69% to 1.57%, with a peak in 2022. The NPM
ranged from 18.96% to 25.20%, with a peak in 2022, while the GPM ranged from
58.19% to 62.08%.
5. Federal Bank had ROE ranging from 43.78% to 45.97%, with a peak in 2022. The
ROA ranged from 1.00% to 1.53%, with a peak in 2018. The NPM ranged from
17.23% to 19.73%, while the GPM ranged from 60.10% to 62.08%.
6. ICICI Bank had consistently high ROE, with a range of 27.46% to 39.07%. The ROA
ranged from 1.00% to 1.53%, with a peak in 2022. The NPM ranged from 18.11% to
23.40%, with a peak in 2023, while the GPM ranged from 58.19% to 64.01%.
7. SBI and BOI had the highest profitability ratios in terms of ROE, ROA, and GPM,
while Ahmad Bank had the highest NPM in 2022.
8. It is important to note that these ratios alone do not provide a complete picture of a
bank's performance and should be considered alongside other factors such as asset
quality, capital adequacy, and liquidity.
79
9. The ROE for all banks seems to be consistently high, with most banks having a range
of 30-50% over the years. This could indicate that the banks are generating high returns
for their shareholders, which is generally seen as a positive indicator of performance.
10. The ROA is also consistently high across all banks, with most banks having a range of
1-1.5%. This suggests that the banks are effectively utilizing their assets to generate
profits.
11. The NPM ranges from around 12% to 26% across the different banks and years. While
some banks have higher NPMs than others, it is important to note that this metric does
not take into account the size of the bank or its operations. Therefore, a bank with a
higher NPM may not necessarily be performing better than one with a lower NPM.
12. The GPM is consistently high for all banks, ranging from around 58% to 62%. This
indicates that the banks are generating high gross profits, which could be a result of
their ability to manage costs and generate revenue.
13. It is important to note that profitability ratios alone do not provide a complete picture
of a bank's performance. Other factors such as asset quality, capital adequacy, and
liquidity should also be considered when evaluating a bank's overall health and
stability.
14. It would be useful to compare these profitability ratios to industry benchmarks or to

other banks of a similar size and scope to get a better understanding of how each bank
is performing relative to its peers.
15. The data covers a period of six years, which is a relatively long time frame. It would
be interesting to see how each bank's performance has evolved over time and whether
any significant changes have occurred.
80
Conclusion
81
CONCLUSION
The conclusion reached from the information provided is correct. Over the years, SBI has
consistently outperformed BOI in terms of Return on Equity (ROE) and Net Profit Margin
(NPM), showing more profitability and superior revenue-to-profit conversion. BOI, on the
other hand, had a greater Return on Assets (ROA) in 2017 and 2019, indicating that it was
more efficient in earning profits from its assets during those years. Both banks maintained
equivalent Gross Profit Margins (GPM), showing comparable cost management.
Overall, SBI outperformed BOI in terms of profitability throughout the period under review,
as shown by greater ROE and NPM. However, it is worth mentioning that BOI attained a
greater ROA in certain years, suggesting efficiency in using its assets to create profits.
Based on the facts presented, it is possible to infer that SBI, the bank under consideration, has
consistently strong profitability measures such as Return on Equity (ROE), Return on Assets
(ROA), Net Profit Margin (NPM), and Gross Profit Margin (GPM). These ratios show that the
bank has made good use of shareholder equity, assets, and sales to create profits.
However, in order to get a thorough conclusion on the profitability of the chosen banks (public
sector banks, private sector banks, and urban cooperative banks), the profitability measures of
each bank must be examined independently and compared over time. Because the information
presented focuses just on SBI's profitability measures, a larger examination is necessary to
analyse the relative profitability of other kinds of banks.
To get a thorough conclusion on the profitability of various kinds of banks (public sector
banks, private sector banks, urban cooperative banks), the profitability ratios of each bank
must be examined independently and compared over time. The information supplied solely
focuses on the profitability ratios of the Bank of India, and a larger examination is required to
analyse the relative profitability of various institutions.
The conclusion reached from the information provided is correct. Over the years, the firm has
continually increased its Return on Equity (ROE), demonstrating a strong trend in profitability
and effective use of shareholder capital.
82
The Return on Assets (ROA) pattern has been variable, with a loss in 2018 and 2019, followed
by a big gain in 2020 and 2021, and a little reduction in 2022. This suggests that the company's
ability to use its assets to produce profits has fluctuated throughout time.
From 2017 to 2019, the Net Profit Margin (NPM) increased, followed by a modest decrease
in 2020 and 2021, and then a rise again in 2022. This indicates that the organisation has been
able to retain profitability after subtracting all expenditures, notwithstanding minor changes.
Over the years, the Gross Profit Margin (GPM) has showed a constant trajectory, reflecting
the company's capacity to make profits after deducting the cost of products sold.
Overall, the corporation has been able to keep its profitability pretty consistent, with minor
variations in different years.
83
RECOMMONDATIONS
1. Expand the scope to include a broader range of banks from different sectors.
2. Include additional profitability ratios such as Cost-to-Income Ratio, Efficiency Ratio,

and Capital Adequacy Ratio.
3. Analyze trends over a longer time period to identify long-term profitability patterns.
4. Compare the selected banks' profitability ratios with industry benchmarks or averages.
84
SUGGESTIONS
1. Consider expanding the study to include private sector banks and urban cooperative
banks for a comparative analysis.
2. Include additional profitability ratios alongside ROE, ROA, NPM, and GPM.
3. Extend the analysis to cover a longer time to observe long-term profitability trends.
4. Compare the selected banks' profitability ratios with industry benchmarks to assess
relative performance.
5. Integrate qualitative factors such as market conditions and management strategies to

enhance the conclusion.
85
REFERENCE’S
Souza, A. D., & Chandrashekhar, R. (2023). Non-Performing Assets of Co-operative
Societies in Dakshina Kannada – A Case Study. 4(1), 1–4.
Kumar Sarita Bhatnagar, N. K., & Bhatnagar, S. (2022). Demystifying the Role of
Cooperatives Banks in Financial Inclusion: Study on Emerging Microfinance Business
Model from India Citation Guideline.
https://www.nibmindia.org/static/working_paper/NIBM_WP17_NKKSB.pdf
Barak, M., & Sharma, R. K. (2023). Investigating the Impact of Intellectual Capital on
the Sustainable Financial Performance of Private Sector Banks in India. Sustainability,
15(2), 1451. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15021451
V.A.R.Barao, R.C.Coata, J.A.Shibli, M.Bertolini, & J.G.S.Souza. (2022). No Title. Braz

Dent J., 33(1), 1–12.
Wani, A. A., Ahmad, R., & Rather, M. I. (2019). Journal of critical reviews. 06(03), 391–
403.
Patra, B., Padhan, P. C., & Padhi, P. (2023). Efficiency of Indian Banks–private versus
public sector banks: A two-stage analysis. Cogent Economics and Finance, 11(1).
https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2022.2163081
Naoaj, M. S. (2023). Exploring the Determinants of Capital Adequacy in Commercial

Banks: A Study of Bangladesh’s Banking Sector. European Journal of Business and
Management Research, 8(2), 108–112. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2023.8.2.1887
Agrawal, A., Raipur, N., Agrawal, A., Raipur, N., Sharma, H., Raipur, N., Mahant, N.,
Raipur, N., & Raipur, N. (2023). A Critical Analysis Of Banking Structure In India .
10(01), 1078–1082.
Balasubramanian, S. (2011). Financial Performance of Private Sector Banks in India - An

Evaluation. SSRN Electronic Journal, 4, 169–175. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1044621
Almaqtari, F. A., Al-Homaidi, E. A., Tabash, M. I., & Farhan, N. H. (2019). The
determinants of profitability of Indian commercial banks: A panel data approach.
International Journal of Finance and Economics, 24(1), 168–185.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.1655
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A PROJECT REPORT ON

TO STUDY THE PROFITABILITY OF THE SELECTED BANKS

Mr. SAYED ABDUL HAMID.

Savitribai Phule Pune University

A report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of

THE MASTER OF COMMERCE DEGREE

Subject: Banking and Finance

Under The Guidance Of

Mr. Mahendra R. Agale

Ness Wadia College of Commerce

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE (P.G.)

(Subject Teacher and Research Guide) HOD of Banking and Finance

Dr. MAHENDRA R. AGALE Dr. LAXMAN S. BAISANE

(INTERNAL EXAMINER) (EXTERNAL EXAMINER)

MCOM (Advance Banking and Finance)

This report is an outstanding prosper to convey my gratefulness to those many people

Types of bank ......................................................................................................................... 8

Significance of profitability ................................................................................................. 10

Purpose of the study ............................................................................................................. 10

Scope of the study ................................................................................................................ 11

Importance of the study ....................................................................................................... 12

LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................................................... 14

OVER VIEW OF PUBLIC SECTOR BANK, PRIVATE SECTOR BANK URBAN

PROFILE OF THE SELECTED BANKS ................................................................................. 30

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION ........................................................................... 41

Public sector banks:

Urban cooperative banks:

ROE = Net Income / Shareholder Equity

ROA = Net Income / Total Assets

Net Profit Margin = Net Income / Total Revenue

 Sustainability: Profitability indicates a bank's ability to generate sustainable revenue

Purpose of the study

The purpose of the study is to provide a comprehensive analysis of the profitability of

Scope of the study

The scope of the study includes the following:

Importance of the study

5) Private Banks provide comprehensive wealth management services, such as

2. Profitability of public sector banks is more than private sector banks.

Md Shah Naoa et.al “Exploring the Determinants of Capital Adequacy in

Aryan Agrawal et.al “A Critical Analysis Of Banking Structure In India” (2023)

Furthermore, the study emphasizes the importance of adopting technological innovations

Ravikumar Undi et.al “FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF PRIVATE SECTOR

Ashley D’Souza “Non-Performing Assets of Co-operative Societies in Dakshina

Naveen Kumar K “Demystifying the Role of Cooperatives Banks in Financial

Furthermore, the study highlights several challenges faced by cooperative banks in

Monika Barak et.al “Investigating the Impact of Intellectual Capital on the

Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of investing in intellectual capital to

Dr. S. Thiruvarangadas et.al “A STUDY ON COOPERATIVE BANK IN INDIA

Azad Ahmad Wani et.al “Role of Cooperative Banks (J&K) in Economic

Ashish Srivastava “Mobilization and Management of Capital by Primary (Urban)

OVER VIEW OF PUBLIC SECTOR BANK, PRIVATE SECTOR BANK

Public Sector Banks:

Urban Cooperative Banks:

2. Ahmad Mercantile Cooperative Bank Ltd: Similar to Apna Sahakari, Ahmad

Private Sector Banks:

To obtain specific profitability figures, it is recommended to refer to the banks' financial

Key Features of Public Sector Banks:

5. Government Support: In times of financial crises or economic instability, the

Key Features of Private Sector Banks:

4. Customized Services: Private sector banks typically cater to specific customer

Key Features of Urban Cooperative Banks:

3. Socioeconomic Objectives: UCBs aim to promote financial inclusion and provide

PROFILE OF THE SELECTED BANKS

Stamp dedicated to the State Bank of India in 2005