‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﳌﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳊﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻵﱄ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺼﻒ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻹﻋﺪﺍﺩﻱ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﻲ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬

‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﻭﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ‪ /‬ﺟﺮﻭﺏ ﻓﺮﻳﻖ ﺃﺻﺪﻗﺎء ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ – ﺃ‪.‬ﻳﺎﲰﲔ ﺷﻌﻴﺐ‬
 ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻻﻭﻝ ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎﺕ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬
‫‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﻳﻘﻮﻡ ﲟﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﲢﻮﻳﻠﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٢‬ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﱮ‪ - Desktop .‬ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺍﳌﺤﻤﻮﻝ ‪ - Laptop‬ﺍﻻﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﺬﻛﻴﺔ ‪Smart Devices‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ‪Data‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻯ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﳎﻴﺎﺕ ‪Software‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺟﻬﺰﺓ ‪Hardware‬‬
‫‪and Information‬‬ ‫‪Humanware‬‬ ‫ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﳌﺴﻪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﳝﻜﻦ ﳌﺴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ‪Data‬‬ ‫ﺃ‪ -‬ﳏﻠﻞ ﻧﻈﻢ‬ ‫‪ .١‬ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺩﺧﺎﻝ ‪ :‬ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻻﺩﺧﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻫﻲ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﻘﺎﺋﻖ‬ ‫‪Analyst‬‬ ‫)‪Operating system (windows – Mac…..‬‬ ‫)ﻟﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ – ﺍﳌﺎﺳﺢ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﻔﺄﺭﺓ – ﺍﳌﻴﻜﺮﻓﻮﻥ –‬
‫ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﻣﺼﻤﻢ‬ ‫‪ .٢‬ﻟﻐﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱪﳎﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ‪ -‬ﻋﺼﺎ ﺍﻷﻟﻌﺎﺏ(‬
‫ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫‪. Designer‬‬ ‫)…‪Programming language (C# - C++ - Java‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻈﺔ‪،‬‬ ‫ﺕ‪ -‬ﻣﱪﻣﺞ‬ ‫‪ .٣‬ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺧﺮﺍﺝ ‪ :‬ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻻﺧﺮﺍﺝ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪Programmer‬‬ ‫)‪Applications (Text editor‬‬ ‫)ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ – ﺍﻟﺴﻤﺎﻋﺎﺕ – ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻌﺔ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺮﺍﲰﺔ(‬
‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﳜﺰﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪ .٤‬ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉ )ﺍﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎﺕ ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪Utilities (Antivirus….‬‬
‫ﺙ‪ -‬ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ‪. User‬‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ ‪ :‬ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ ‪،‬‬ ‫)‪ (١ ( Flash Memory / Hard Disk / CD‬ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﻣﻐﻠﻖ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ‪:‬ﻫﻰ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﱴ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﻛﻮﺩ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺪﻳﻮ(‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻯ ﻛﺘﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﻣﺘﺎﺡ ﻓﻘﻂ ﳌﱪﳎﻰ ﻭ ﻣﺼﻤﻤﻰ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ‪ .‬ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ‪:‬‬ ‫– ‪(Bit – Byte – Kilo Byte – Mega Byte‬‬
‫‪ (٢‬ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪/ Photoshop / Microsoft office / Adobe Reader‬‬ ‫)‪Giga Byte – Tyra Byte‬‬
‫‪Information‬‬ ‫‪Windows‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﻫﻲ ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ‬ ‫‪ (٢‬ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ‪ :‬ﻫﻰ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﻛﻮﺩ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﺘﺎﺡ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻻﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (١‬ﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ) ‪( RAM / ROM‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ‪OpenShot/ Gimp / Libre Office :‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺆﻗﺘﺔ ‪RAM‬‬
‫‪Random Access Memory‬‬
‫ﺗﻨﻘﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﱪﳎﻴﺎﺕ ﺑﻨﺎء ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﻣﻠﻜﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﱃ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﻤﺔ ‪ROM‬‬
‫‪ (١‬ﺍﻟﱪﳎﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺠﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪ Freeware‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﺍﳉﻬﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺌﻮﻟﺔ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫‪Read Only Memory‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﻭﻥ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺎﺩﻯ‪.‬‬ ‫‪Central‬‬ ‫‪ (٢‬ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ‬
‫‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﱪﳎﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ ‪ : Shareware‬ﻫﻰ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﲡﺮﻳﺒﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﱪﳎﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪Processing Unit‬‬
‫ﺍﻻﺻﻠﻴﺔ ﳏﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﻻﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﺃﻭ ﳏﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﺍﳌﺪﺓ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎء ﺍﳌﺪﺓ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺷﺮﺍء‬ ‫ﺳﺮﻋﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﰿ ﻫﲑﺗﺰ )ﻫﺮﺗﺰ( ﻫﻲ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﻗﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﰿ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﱪﳎﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ (٣‬ﺍﻟﻠﻮﺣﺔ ﺍﻻﻡ ‪Motherboard‬‬
‫‪ (٣‬ﺑﺮﳎﻴﺎﺕ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺼﺮﺡ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎ ﺍﻻ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺷﺮﺍء ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﻻﺻﻠﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬

‫‪٢٠٢٤ - ٢٠٢٣‬‬
‫‪٢‬‬
 ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱏ ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺃﺟﺰﺍء ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﺳﻴﻂ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬

‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻝ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬

‫‪ (٢‬ﺍﻟﱪﳎﻴﺎﺕ ‪Software‬‬ ‫‪ (١‬ﺍﻻﺟﻬﺰﺓ ‪Hardware‬‬
‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻣﺮ ﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻣﺎ ﻳﺴﻤﻰ ﺑ ـ ـ ﻣﻮﺟﺔ ﺍﻻﻭﺍﻣﺮ ‪ Command Prompt‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻣﻴﺔ ‪Interface‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﳛﺘﻮﻱ ﺃﻱ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺭﺳﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺃﻭﺍﻣﺮ ﻭﻳﺘﻢ ﻋﺮﺿﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻗﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﻭﺃﺷﺮﻃﺔ ﺻﻮﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻇﺎﺋﻒ ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬
‫‪ ‬ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﳌﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ )ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻌﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺎﺳﺢ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻲ ‪...........‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺑﲔ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻭﺣﻔﻈﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺍﻷﻣﻦ )ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﻭﺭ(‬
‫‪ ‬ﻳﻮﻓﺮ ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺯ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻭﻓﻘًﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﺼﺪﺭ )ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺡ ‪ /‬ﻣﻐﻠﻖ(‬
‫ﺃ‪ -‬ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻣﻐﻠﻖ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ) ‪( Windows / Mac Os‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺡ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ) ‪( Fedora / Ubuntu‬‬
‫ﺕ‪ -‬ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻟﻠﻬﻮﺍﺗﻒ ﺍﳌﺤﻤﻮﻟﺔ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺡ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ‪Google Android :‬‬
‫‪ ‬ﻣﻐﻠﻖ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ‪Apple IOS :‬‬

‫ﳑﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﳌﻨﺴﺪﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺴﻴﻄﺔ ﻭ ﺃﺷﺮﻃﺔ ﺍﻻﺩﻭﺍﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﰱ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻧﻮﺍﻓﺬ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻭ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺎﺕ ﻛﻮﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ -‬ﺍﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻋﺪﺓ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﰱ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﺼﻔﺤﺎﺕ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺘﺸﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻻﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪:‬‬

‫‪ o‬ﺍﳋﻠﻔﻴﺔ ‪ : Background‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻟﻮﻥ ﺃﻭ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺗﻐﻴﲑﻫﺎ ﺑﻮﺍﺳﻄﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ o‬ﺃﻳﻘﻮﻧﺎﺕ ‪ Icons‬ﺭﻣﻮﺯ ﺻﻐﲑﺓ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﰱ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ o‬ﺃﺷﺮﻃﺔ ‪ Bars‬ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ‪‬ﺎ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻻﻳﻘﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﻟﻠﱪﳎﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬
‫‪٢٠٢٤ - ٢٠٢٣‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
 ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﺠﻠﺪﺍﺕ‬
‫‪ . ١‬ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻛﻞ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ‪ ، File System‬ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﰲ ﲣﺰﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﺩ‪‬ﺎ ﻭﺗﻨﻈﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﻭﺇﺩﺍﺭ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ . ٢‬ﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﻳﻘﺎﻑ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ‪ ،‬ﲣﺘﻔﻲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﺍﻛﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ )‪ (RAM‬ﻭﺣﻔﻈﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﳚﺐ ﻋﻠﻴﻨﺎ ﺣﻔﻈﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺃﻱ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﲣﺰﻳﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪ . ٣‬ﺍﳌﻠﻒ ‪ :‬ﺇ‪‬ﺎ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﳝﻜﻦ ﲣﺰﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫‪ . ٤‬ﻳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ ﺟﺰﺃﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ)‪(.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺍﳉﺰء ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺍﻻﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ‪.doc :‬‬ ‫ﺃ‪ -‬ﺍﳉﺰء ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﻠﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺮ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺑﺄﺳﻢ ‪Save As‬‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻣﺮ ﺣﻔﻆ ‪Save‬‬ ‫ﺣﻔﻆ ﺍﳌﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺇﻧﺸﺎء ﺍﳌﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺃھﻡ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫‪ ‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﻧﺸﺎء ‪ ‬ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﻧﺸﺎء ﺍﳌﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺃ‪ -‬ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﺃ‪ -‬ﺃﻓﺘﺢ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪File‬‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺪﻳﻮ‬
‫ﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﺮﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻒ ﻷﻭﻝ ﻣﺮﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺃﺧﺘﺮ ﺍﻻﻣﺮ ‪ Save As‬ﻓﻴﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺴﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻮﺹ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻣﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﺔ‬
‫‪ ‬ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﱄ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺇﺟﺮﺍء ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﺣﻮﺍﺭ ‪Save As‬‬ ‫ﺏ‪ -‬ﺃﻛﺘﺐ ﺃﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﻣﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡ ) ﻻ ﳚﺐ‬
‫ﺗﻐﻴﲑ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﻠﻒ ﺃﻭ ﺣﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻠﻒ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺣﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﺕ‪ -‬ﺃﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﻠﻒ ﰱ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺨﺼﺺ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺼﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺚ ‪‬ﺎ(‬
‫ﺍﳌﻠﻒ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺗﻌﺪﻳﻠﻪ ﰲ ﻣﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﳌﻠﻒ ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﻫﻮ ﻭﺑﻨﻔﺲ ﺍﻷﺳﻢ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺙ‪ -‬ﺣﺪﺩ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺍﳌﻠﻒ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻏﺒﺔ ﰲ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺍﳌﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﻔﻆ‬ ‫ﺝ‪-‬ﺍﺿﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ‬
‫ﺑﺈﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻠﻒ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‪- :‬ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﳌﻠﻒ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﳌﺠﻠﺪ‪:‬ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﲢﺘﻮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻠﻒ ﺃﻭ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺣﻴﺎﻧًﺎ ﳛﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ ﳎﻠﺪ ﺃﻭ ﳎﻠﺪﺍﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺗﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﳌﺠﻠﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬

‫‪٢٠٢٤ - ٢٠٢٣‬‬
‫‪٤‬‬
 ‫‪ ‬ﺧﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺗﻐﻴﲑ ﺃﺳﻢ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻧﺴﺦ ﺍﳌﺠﻠﺪ ‪:( Copy ) :‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﻗﺺ ﺍﳌﺠﻠﺪ ‪:( Cut ) :‬‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﺠﻠﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺠﻠﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﺠﻠﺪ ﻟﻠﺤﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻞ ﺍﳌﺠﻠﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﳊﺎﱄ ﺇﱄ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺁﺧﺮ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﰱ‬ ‫‪ .١‬ﺃﻧﻘﺮ ﺑﺰﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺄﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﳝﻦ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﺃﻧﻘﺮ ﺑﺰﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺄﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﳝﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﺍﺣﺘﻴﺎﻃﻴﺔ ﻣﻨﻪ ﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ ﻭﺳﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﻭﺳﻴﻂ ﲣﺮﻳﻦ ﺃﺧﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .٢‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺮﺓ ﺃﺧﺘﺮ ‪New‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﳌﺠﻠﺪ ﻻﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎء‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﻭﺳﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﻗﺺ ﺍﳌﺠﻠﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫‪Folder‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺮﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﲣﺰﻳﻦ ﺁﺧﺮ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .١‬ﺃﻧﻘﺮ ﺑﺰﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺄﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﳝﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﳌﺠﻠﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪ .٣‬ﺃﻛﺘﺐ ﺃﺳﻢ ﺍﳌﻠﻒ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺃﺧﺘﺮ ﺍﻻﻣﺮ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺧﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﻧﺴﺦ ﺍﳌﺠﻠﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ .٢‬ﺃﺧﺘﺮ ﺍﻻﻣﺮ ‪Cut‬‬ ‫‪ .٤‬ﺃﺿﻐﻂ ‪Create‬‬
‫‪Rename‬‬ ‫‪ .١‬ﺃﻧﻘﺮ ﺑﺰﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺄﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﳝﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ‬ ‫‪ .٣‬ﻧﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ) ﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻭﺳﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﺃﻭ ﰲ‬ ‫ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﻧﺸﺎء ﳎﻠﺪ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﻧﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺠﻠﺪ‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻴﻂ ﲣﺰﻳﻦ ﺃﺧﺮ(‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻔﺎﺗﻴﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪Ctrl + Shift‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ‬ ‫‪ .٢‬ﺃﺧﺘﺮ ﺍﻻﻣﺮ ‪Copy‬‬ ‫‪ .٤‬ﺃﻧﻘﺮ ﺑﺰﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺄﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﳝﻦ ﻻﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎء ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺮﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫‪+N‬‬
‫‪Rename‬‬ ‫‪ .٣‬ﻧﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﻟﻠﻤﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ )‬ ‫‪ .٥‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺍﻻﻣﺮ ‪.Paste‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺠﻠﺪ ﳛﺘﻮﻯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻠﻒ ﺃﻭ ﳎﻠﺪﺍﺕ ﻓﺮﻋﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻭﺳﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺧﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﳌﺤﺬﻭﻓﺎﺕ ) ﳎﻠﺪﺍﺕ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻠﻔﺎﺕ( ‪:‬‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺍﳌﺠﻠﺪ‪:‬‬ ‫‪‬‬
‫ﰲ ﻭﺳﻴﻂ ﲣﺰﻳﻦ ﺃﺧﺮ(‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻘﺮ ﺑﺰﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺄﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﳝﻦ ﻋﻠﻲ ﺍﳌﺠﻠﺪ ﻻﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎء ‪ .١‬ﻧﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺇﱄ ﺍﳌﺠﻠﺪ ‪ ،Trash‬ﻓﺘﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﻭ ﺍﳌﺠﻠﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ‬ ‫‪.١‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﺃﻧﻘﺮ ﺑﺰﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺄﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﳝﻦ‬ ‫ﰎ ﺣﺬﻓﻬﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺮﺓ‪.‬‬
‫ﻻﺳﺘﺪﻋﺎء ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬ ‫‪ .٢‬ﻧﺴﺘﺪﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺮﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﺠﻠﺪ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﺩﺗﻪ ) ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﺧﺘﺮ ﺍﻻﻣﺮ ‪. Move to Trash‬‬ ‫‪.٢‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺮﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺣﺬﻓﻪ ‪‬ﺎﺋﻴﺎ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺍﻻﻣﺮ ‪Paste‬‬ ‫‪ .٣‬ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻲ ‪ Delete from Trash‬ﳊﺬﻑ ﺍﳌﺠﻠﺪ )‬
‫ﺍﳌﻠﻒ( ‪‬ﺎﺋﻴﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ Restore from Trash‬ﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﺩﻩ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺠﻠﺪ ) ﺍﳌﻠﻒ(‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻯ ﻣﻠﻒ ﺃﻭ ﳎﻠﺪ ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﺬﻓﻪ ﻳﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺍﱄ ﺳﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﺤﺬﻭﻓﺎﺕ ‪ Trash‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺎﺩﺗﻪ ﻣﺮﻩ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﺃﻭ ﺣﺬﻓﻪ ‪‬ﺎﺋﻴﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪٢٠٢٤ - ٢٠٢٣‬‬
‫‪٥‬‬

‫ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ )ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻌﺔ ‪ -‬ﺍﳌﺎﺳﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ ‪ -‬ﺃﺟﻬﺰﺓ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺰﻳﻦ( ‪ -‬ﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺑﲔ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ‪ -‬ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬
‫‪Fedora‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺍﻧﻘﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻧﺸﻄﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻘﻊ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻱ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻓﺘﺘﺎﺣﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﻛﺘﺐ "ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ" ﰲ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺍﻧﻘﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻳﻘﻮﻧﺔ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺃﺩﺭ ﺯﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺿﻊ‬
‫‪ OFF‬ﺇﱃ ‪ON‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﻗﻢ ﺑﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ‪ON‬‬
‫‪٢٠٢٤ - ٢٠٢٣‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ ‪ :‬ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬
‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻜﻤﺒﯿﻮﺗﺮ ‪-:‬‬
‫ﺇﻧﻪ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﲔ ﺟﻬﺎﺯﻱ ﻛﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺳﻠﻜﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻻﺳﻠﻜﻲ ﻟﻼﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ‪) .‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ(‬
‫أھﻤﯿﺔ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎت اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻮﺑﯿﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺧﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﺠﻠﺪﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺗﺸﻐﻴﻞ ﻭﻳﻨﺪﻭﺯ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ‪-:‬‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‪- :‬‬
‫‪.١‬ﺿﻊ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﳎﻠﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔ ﻟﻨﺸﺮ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﳏﻠﻴﺔ ) ‪( LAN‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺍﻧﻘﺮ ﺑﺰﺭ ﺍﳌﺎﻭﺱ ﺍﻷﳝﻦ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﳌﺠﻠﺪ )ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ( ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳛﺘﻮﻱ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺨﺰﻧﺔ ﺭﻗﻤﻴًﺎ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ‬ ‫‪Local Area Network‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻂ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻛﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺗﻐﻄﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﳏﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﻣﺜﻞ‬
‫‪.٣‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺮﺓ ﺣﺪﺩ ‪Share with‬‬ ‫)ﺍﳌﺪﺭﺳﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﺨﺘﱪ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ(‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ )ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺪﻳﻮ ‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺕ‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﺣﺪﺩ ﺃﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﻣﻌﻴﻨﲔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫‪ -٢‬ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻭﺍﺳﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻕ ) ‪( WAN‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ( ‪ /‬ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻨﺪﺍﺕ ‪/‬‬
‫‪.٥‬ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺣﻮﺍﺭ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ‪.‬‬ ‫‪Wide Area Network‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻛﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺗﻐﻄﻲ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ‬
‫‪.٦‬ﺍﺧﺘﺮ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺘﻪ ﻣﻌﻪ‬
‫‪.٧‬ﺍﻧﻘﺮ ﻓﻮﻕ "‪ "Add‬ﻟﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﲔ ﺍﳌﺴﻤﻮﺡ ﳍﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺜﻞ )ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺍﺕ ‪(..‬‬
‫‪.٨‬ﲢﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﺍﻹﺫﻥ )ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍءﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍءﺓ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ(‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺮﻧﺖ ﻫﻮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪. ٩‬ﺍﻧﻘﺮ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺯﺭ ‪Share‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﳎﻠﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫• ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﺍﳋﺎﺹ ﺑﻚ؟‬
‫‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻘﺮ ﻓﻮﻕ "ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ" ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺐ‬ ‫‪ (١‬ﺍﻧﻘﺮ ﺑﺰﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﺄﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﳝﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻳﻘﻮﻧﺔ ﺟﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬
‫‪ (٢‬ﺍﻧﻘﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﻬﺎﺯ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ‬ ‫‪ (٢‬ﺣﺪﺩ ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺼﺮﺓ‬
‫‪ (٣‬ﺗﻈﻬﺮ ﻧﺎﻓﺬﺓ ﺍﳌﺠﻠﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔ‬ ‫‪ (٣‬ﻳﻈﻬﺮ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﺒﻴﻮﺗﺮ‬
‫‪٦‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪Gimp‬‬
‫‪ ( ١‬ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪ GIMP‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﻓﺘﺢ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺗﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﻭﺍﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪ GIMP‬ﻣﻦ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪ ‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪ GIMP‬ﻫﻮ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪. F1‬‬ ‫‪ (١‬ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺍﻻﺩﻭﺍﺕ ‪. The Main Toolbox‬‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺡ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭ ﻭﳎﺎﱐ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ‬
‫‪ (٢‬ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻻﺩﻭﺍﺕ ‪. Tool options dock‬‬ ‫ﺑﺈﻧﺸﺎء ﻭﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‪.‬‬
‫‪ (٣‬ﻧﻮﺍﻓﺬ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ‪. Image Windows‬‬ ‫‪ Gimp ‬ﻻﻭﻝ ﻣﺮﺓ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﰲ‬
‫‪ (٤‬ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ) ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻗﻨﻮﺍﺕ ‪ ،‬ﻣﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﺟﻊ() ‪The Layers,‬‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻊ ﻧﺎﻓﺬﻩ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ‬
‫‪( Channels, Paths, Undo, History dock‬‬
‫‪multi –windows‬‬
‫‪ ( ٥‬ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ) ﻓﺮﺵ ‪ /‬ﳕﺎﺫﺝ ‪ /‬ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻧﻴﺔ( ) ‪Brushes /‬‬
‫‪( Patterns / Gradients dock‬‬ ‫‪mode‬‬
‫ﺃﻫﻢ ﻗﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
‫‪File menu ‬‬ ‫‪Select menu ‬‬ ‫‪Image menu ‬‬
‫‪New -١‬‬ ‫‪Invert -١‬‬ ‫‪Flatten Image -١‬‬
‫إ ﺸﺎء ﺗﺼﻤ ﻢ ﺟﺪ ﺪ‪.‬‬ ‫‪Layer menu‬‬ ‫دﻣﺞ ﺟﻤﻴﻊ اﻟﻄ ﻘﺎت‪ ،‬ﻟﺘﺼﺒﺢ‬
‫‪Open -٢‬‬ ‫‪Transparency  Add Alpha Channel -١‬‬ ‫ﻃ ﻘﺔ واﺣﺪة‬
‫اﺳﺘ اد ﻣﻠف ﺻورة ﻟﻠﺗﻌدﯾل ﺑﮫ‪.‬‬
‫‪Save -٣‬‬ ‫‪Windows menu‬‬ ‫‪Filter menu ‬‬
‫ﻟﺣﻔظ ﺗﻌدﯾﻼت ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﻣﻠف )وﯾﻣﻛن اﺳﺗﺧداﻣﮫ ﻟﺣﻔظ اﻟﻣﻠف‬ ‫‪Single-Window Mode -١‬‬ ‫ﻹﺧﺘ ﺎر ﻓﻠ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ واﻟﺘﺤ ﻢ‬
‫أول ﻣرة(‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻐﻴ ﻧﺎﻓﺬة ﺷﺎﺷﺔ اﻟ ﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻣﻦ ‪ Multi‬إ ‪Single‬‬ ‫ﻣﻈﻬﺮ اﻟﺼﻮرة‪.‬‬
‫‪Save as -٤‬‬ ‫‪Recently Closed Docks -٢‬‬
‫ﻟﺤﻔﻆ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ أول ﻣرة‪.‬‬ ‫ﻹﺳﺘﻌﺎدة أﺣﺪ اﻟﺘﺒ ﺎت اﻟ ﺗﻢ إﻏﻼﻗﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ GIMP‬ﺄﺧﺬ اﻹﻣﺘﺪاد "‪"XCF‬‬
‫‪Export -٥‬‬
‫ﻟﺘﺼﺪﻳﺮ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﻹﻣﺘﺪاد ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻠﻠﻚ اﻹﻣﺘﺪادات‪:‬‬
‫)‪(JPEG – GIF – PNG‬‬

‫‪٢٠٢٤ - ٢٠٢٣‬‬
‫‪٧‬‬
 ‫ﰲ ﺍﳌﺮﺑﻊ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺭﻯ ﻻﻧﺸﺎء ﻣﻠﻒ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ :Template‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻤﺎﺕ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﻬﻴﺰ ﻣﻌﺪﺓ ﺑﺄﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻭﺩﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‪.‬‬ ‫‪.١‬‬
‫–‪ :Image Size‬ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ )ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ( ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫‪.٢‬‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﻬﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ :Advanced Options‬ﻹﻧﺸﺎء ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓ‬ ‫‪.٣‬‬
‫‪ :Resolution‬ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺩﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫‪.٤‬‬
‫‪ :Color Space‬ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﳐﻄﻂ ﺃﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ‪ RGB‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺎﺩﻱ‬ ‫‪.٥‬‬
‫‪ :Fill with‬ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻟﻮﻥ ﺗﻌﺒﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ‪:‬‬ ‫‪.٦‬‬
‫ﺃ‪ Background Color .‬ﻟﻮﻥ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﱃ‪.‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ Foreground Color .‬ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺕ‪ White – .‬ﺗﻌﺒﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ‪.‬‬
‫ﺙ‪ Transparency – .‬ﳉﻌﻞ ﺧﻠﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺷﻔﺎﻓﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ‪-:‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﺘﺠﻬﺎﺕ ‪Vector Image‬‬ ‫‪ -١‬ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﻧﻘﻄﻴﺔ ‪Raster Image‬‬
‫ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺛﻼﺙ ﺃﻭﺿﺎﻉ ﻟﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻫﻲ‪:‬‬
‫‪) RGB mode‬ﺃﲪﺮ – ﺃﺧﻀﺮ – ﺃﺯﺭﻕ ﻟﻴﻌﻄﻲ ﻛﻞ ﻟﻮﻥ ﺃﻭﱄ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﻥ ‪٢٥٦‬ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﻟﻮﻧﻴﺔ( ‪)Grayscale mode -‬ﻳﺼﻞ ﺇﱃ ‪ ٢٥٦‬ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺭﻣﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺗﺘﺪﺭﺝ ﺑﺪءﺍ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺳﻮﺩ ﻭﺣﱴ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﺑﻴﺾ(‬
‫‪Indexed mode-‬‬

‫‪٢٠٢٤ - ٢٠٢٣‬‬
‫‪٨‬‬
 ‫‪:‬‬ ‫أدوات ا‬ ‫‪ ‬أ‬
‫‪Selection tools‬‬ ‫أدوات ا‬
‫‪Rectangle tool‬‬ ‫‪Ellipse tool‬‬ ‫)‪Free Selection (Lasso‬‬ ‫)‪Magic Wand tool (Fuzzy‬‬ ‫‪Smart Scissors‬‬
‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺴﺘﻄﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺟﺰء ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺑﻴﻀﺎﻭﻯ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺎﺕ ﺃﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺘﺸﺎ‪‬ﺔ ﰲ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺟﺰء ﻏﲑ ﳏﺪﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﰲ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺔ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬

‫‪Paint Tools‬‬ ‫أدوات ا‬

‫‪Pencil Tool‬‬ ‫‪Blend Tool‬‬ ‫‪Smudge tool‬‬ ‫‪Clone‬‬ ‫‪Paintbrush‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﺍﳊﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺁﺧﺮ )ﰲ ﻧﻔﺲ ﳌﺰﺝ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﱄ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻷﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﺤﻴﻄﺔ ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﺪﺭﺝ ﻟﻮﱐ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﺳﻢ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﺎﻣﻲ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳋﻠﻔﻲ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ(‪.‬‬

‫‪Eraser‬‬ ‫‪Ink‬‬ ‫‪Bucket fill‬‬ ‫‪zoom‬‬

‫ﻻﺯﺍﻟﺔ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻗﻠﻢ ﺍﳊﱪ ﻟﻠﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﰱ ﺭﺳﻢ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻭﺣﻮﺍﻑ‬ ‫ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﳌﻠﺊ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻮﻥ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﳌﻌﺮﻓﺔ ﺗﻔﺎﺻﻴﻞ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺳﻢ‬ ‫ﳑﻴﺰﺓ ﺑﺎﻟﻔﺮﺷﺎﻩ‪.‬‬ ‫ﻭﺿﻮﺣﺎ‪.‬‬

‫‪Transforming and Resizing Tools‬‬ ‫وا‬ ‫أدوات ا‬

‫‪Move tool‬‬ ‫‪Crop tool‬‬ ‫‪Rotate too‬‬ ‫‪Flip Tool‬‬ ‫‪Scale tool‬‬
‫ﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﻭ‬ ‫ﻻﻗﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ ﻟﻠﺼﻮﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻧﻌﻜﺎﺱ ﺃﻓﻘﻴﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺭﺃﺳﻴﺎ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭﺓ )‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺪ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻝ ﻭ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺽ(‪.‬‬

‫‪layer‬‬ ‫أدوات ا‬
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺮﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻱ ﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻚ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻷﺳﻔﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻨﺴﺦ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﳊﺬﻑ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﻴﺔ‬

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