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INTRODUCTION TO
SCANNING ELECTRON
MICROSCOPY

HLAING HALING OO

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HISTORICAL BACKGROUND

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TYPES OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPE SEM, ZEISS, GERMANY

SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (EVO-18)
• SEM: Scanning Electron Microscope (visualize the surface of
the object)
• SEM-EDS
• FESEM: Field Emission Electron Microscope
• FESEM-EDS
• TEM: Transmission Electron Microscope (visualize inner
structures)

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INSTRUMENTATION PROCESSING
• COMPONENTS 1.A beam of electron is produced by
• Electron gun heating of metallic filament.
• Thermonic gun : thermal energy 2.Electron-beam strikes sample and
• Field emission gun: electric field electron penetrate surface
• Electromagnetic lenses
3.Once it hits the sample, other
• Scanning electrons are ejected from the
• Detectors sample (electrons and photons
(backscattered electron: BSE, emitted from sample)
TEM, EDX) 4.Detector collect the secondary or
• Sample stage backscatter electrons, producing
an image.
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• Vacuum system
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Sample preparation Filaments

Tungsten Filaments
 X-rays are generated using EDX following a two-step process. First, the
energy transferred to the atomic electron knocks it off, leaving behind a
hole.
 Second, its position is filled by another electron from a higher energy
shell, and the characteristic X-ray is released. 11 12

 X-rays can be used to identify each element that exists in a sample.

Sample storage
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SAMPLE PREPARATION OPERATING PARAMETERS WD

• Metals: no need for Focus

preparation
• Non-metallic: need to
be coated
• Carbon : elemental
analysis Brightness
• Metal (Gold,
Pt/Au
Platinum, etc.): high
Sputter
resolution imaging
coater
application Contrast

Pt coating 13 14

Activated Charcoal Zeolite

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 (a) pure chitosan film

 (b) pure gelatin film SEM images of clay minerals:
 (c) 10:1 (Gl:CS) film (a) pseudohexagonal crystals of
 (d) 10: 3 (Gl:3) film
kaolinite;
• Chitosan membrane:
(b) tubular crystals of
• crystalline flat lamellae with
leaf-like shape halloysite;
• Smoothness of the surface
(c) spheroidal crystals of
than gelatin film
• Gelatin membrane: halloysite;
• Many porous and rough
(d) wavy subhedral
• Gl:CS (10:1) and (10:3) membrane:
• Gl:CS (10:3) membrane much montmorillonite crystals
plainer texture than (10:1)
(e) flaky illite crystals
membrane 17 18
(f) fibrous illite.

Fe3O4 Kaolinite
Natural History Museum, London SEM images of Ag
nanocrystals
(a) cubes,
(b) truncated cubes,
(c) cuboctahedra,
(d) truncated
 SEM: The particles were
highly agglomerated in nature, octahedra,
due to aggregating of NiO (e) octahedra,
smaller particles there are (f) nanobars
some larger particles.
 spherical geometry, It's a common phyllosilicate mineral,  Randomly distributed grains
which form irregular it's structure is composed of silicate with smaller size and it is
sheets bonded to aluminum
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agglomerates observed that the

oxide/hydroxide layers. homogeneous spherical shaped.
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Chromosomes in Cell

Staphylococcus Enterococcus
E.coli
aureus

In humans, there are 46 chromosomes, consisting of

23 chromosome pairs
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Ebola virus

FIELD EMISSION SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (FESEM) AND

TEM IMAGES OF ULTRATHIN METAL SULPHIDE NANOSTRUCTURES

a: TEM image of
ZnS nanowire
assemblies

b & c:FESEM image

of ZnS nanowire
assemblies
 TEM : characterisation of the
d&e: TEM images nanoparticles to assess the shape,
of ultrathin
Bi2S3 nanowires
size, and morphology.
 TEM image of the as-prepared TEM images of gold nanoparticles with
spherical shaped NiO nanoparticles. different shapes.
f: TEM image of
ultrathin Sb2S3  In addition to the individual (a, d) Spherical nanoparticles.
nanowires 23 particles, some aggregated particles (b, e) Short nanorods (aspect ratio
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).
are also present. (c, f) Long nanorods
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FESEM image of FESEM image of Chitosan Coated FESEM images of the

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles
(a) commercial chitosan,
(b) Cs-Pr-Me materials before
modification
(c) Cs-Pr-Me-Cu(II) (500 nm)
(d) 200 nm
Pr: dibromopropane
Me: Melamine

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SEM-EDS FESEM-EDS

Field-emission scanning
SEM images of electron microscopy
 (a) ZnO
(FE-SEM) images of the
 (b) ZnO-5% Co
 (c) ZnO-10% Co prepared ZnO-NPs at
different magnifications;
EDS taken on
 (d) ZnO, (a) 2 m
 (e) ZnO-5% Co
(b) 600 m
 (f) ZnO-10% Co
(c) FE-SEM-EDS
(d) EDS data of the
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ZnO-NPs.
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TEM (ZEISS, Germany)

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FE-SEM (ZEISS, Germany)

THANK YOU

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