RELATIVE CLAUSE

I. Relative pronouns (Đại từ quan hệ)

1. Who: thay thế danh từ chỉ người, làm chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ
Who + be/verb
Ex: The man is Mr Pike. He is standing over there.
 The man who is standing over there is Mr Pike.
2. Whom: thay thế danh từ chỉ người, làm tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ
Whom + clause
Ex: That is a girl. I told you about her.
 That is a girl whom I told you about.
3. Which: thay thế danh từ chỉ vật, làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ
Ex: The dress is very beautiful. I bought it yesterday.
 The dress which I bought yesterday is very beautiful.
4. That: thay thế người và vật, đứng sau danh từ làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ trong mệnh đề
quan hệ.
*Sau dấu phẩy không dùng THAT
*THAT luôn dùng sau everything, something, anything, much, none, all little và sau các
dạng so sánh nhất, danh từ hỗn hợp (gồm người và vật)
Ex: This is the book. I like it best.
 This is the book that I like best.
5. Whose: đứng trước danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật, thay thế cho tính từ sở hữu (my, his, her,
their, its) và sở hữu cách trước danh từ.
Sau Whose là 1 danh từ.
Ex: John found a cat. Its leg was broken.
 John found a cat whose leg was broken.
II. Relative adverbs (Trạng từ quan hệ)
1. When: dùng thay thế danh từ chỉ thời gian.
When được thay cho in/on/at + danh từ thời gian hoặc then.
Ex: May Day is a day. People hold a meeting on that day.
 May Day is a day when people hold a meeting.
2. Where: thay thế danh từ chỉ nơi chốn.
Where được thay cho in/on/at + danh từ nơi chốn hoặc there.
Ex: Do you know the country? I was born.
 Do you know the country where I was born.
3. Why: dùng thay thế danh từ chỉ lý do
Why được thay cho for which.
Ex: I don’t know the reason. She left him alone.
 I don’t know the reason why she left him alone
III. Defining & Non-defining relative clause (Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định và không
xác định)
1. Defining relative clause
- Không sử dụng dấu phẩy
- Không có mệnh này thì câu không đủ nghĩa
Ex: The man who lives next door to me is very friendly.
2. Non-defining relative clause
- Không có mệnh đề này thì câu vẫn đủ nghĩa
- Trước danh từ thường có: this , that, these, those, my, his, her,…và danh từ riêng.
Ex: Mr Thanh, who is from Ha Tinh Province, is a friendly English teacher.
Mr Thanh, is a friendly English teacher.
Ha Noi, which is the capital of Viet Nam, is in the north of Viet Nam.
IV. Omission of relative clause (Lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ)
Khi nào được lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ?
- Khi đóng vai trò làm túc từ và phía trước nó không có dấu phẩy, không có giới từ
- (Whose không được bỏ)
Ex: This is the book which I buy.
 This is the book I buy.
Ex: This is my book, which I bought 2 years ago.
 Không được lược bỏ
Ex: This is the house in which I live.
 Không được lược bỏ
Ex: This is the man who lives near my house.
 Không được lược bỏ
V. Reduce relative clause (Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ)
1. Dùng V-ing khi mệnh đề ở dạng chủ động
Ex: The man who is standing over there is my brother.
 The man standing over there is my brother.
Ex: The man who reads book over there is my dad.
 The man reading book over there is my dad.
2. Dùng V2 khi mệnh đề ở dạng bị động
Ex: I like the books which were written by Nguyen Du
 I like the books written by Nguyen Du.
3. Dùng to-Vo khi danh từ đứng trước có: the first, the second,…next, last, only
Ex: This is the only student who can solve the problem.
 This is the only student to solve the problem.
 PRACTICE RELATIVE CLAUSE
EXERCISE 1. Complete the sentences, using a relative pronoun.
1. The pub is opposite the Town Hall. I first met my wife there.
2. He was sitting on a chair. It was uncomfortable.
3. He smokes cigarettes. They are very strong.
4. Let me see the pictures. You took them at Peter's wedding.
5. Some people only think about money. I don't like them.
6. Do you know that lady? I repaired her car.
7. That girl is Swedish. Tom is in love with her.
8. Iohn has bought a house. There are ghosts in that house.
9. Some people drive drunk. I never travel with them.
10. A man stole £10,000 from a bank. The police have caught him.
EXERCISE 2. Complete the sentences, using a relative pronoun.
1. I bought bananas this morning. I have lost them.
2. Could you iron those trousers? They're hanging up behind the door.
3. He worked with some people. They thought he was stupid.
4. When I looked through the window I saw a girl. Her beauty took my breath away
5. These are the books. I use them in the class.
6. That's the name. I couldn't remember it yesterday.
7. The film is about two people. Their plane crashed in the jungle.
8. The film is about a king. His ambition was to rule the world.
9. They are the people. I was talking about them.
10. That is the tunnel. I went through it.
EXERCISE 3. Complete the sentences, using a relative pronoun.
1. He's the criminal. The police are looking for him.
2. My flat is in an old part of the city. It was built in the 1920s.
3. There are lots of bars and restaurants in the neighbourhood. I live in the neighbourhood.
4. My neighbour comes from Ecuador. He works on the fruit farms around the city.
5. The neighbour makes a lot of noise walking around. His flat is above mine
6 The traffic is also very noisy. It passes my flat.
7. The local market s sells excellent local produce. It is a two-minute walk from my flat.
8. John is speaking to his boss. His boss is a famous writer.
9. I like the town. You live there.
10. I like the painting. It is in this room.
EXERCISE 4. Complete the sentences, using a relative pronoun.
1. The man was sick. He looked very pale.
2. He was sitting in the emergency room. It was very crowded.
3. A nurse was nearby. He called to her.
4. The nurse called a doctor. He came quickly.
5. She gave the man an injection. It made him go to sleep.
6. The Olympic snowboarding even twas exciting. Many people watched it on TV.
7. It was the first time snowboarding had been included in the Olympics. Snowboarding is a new
sport.
8. Brenda is a friend. I went on holiday with her.
9. This is Mr Smith. His son Bill plays in our team.
10. Her book was published last year. It became a best seller.