School Guide CBSE History Most Impo

Effects of
Cyclones
Last Updated : 21 Jan, 2024

In meteorological terms, a
cyclone is a large air mass that
has the ability to rotate around a
center of focus or a center of low
atmospheric pressure. Cyclones
are mainly associated with
inwards spiraling winds that
especially rotate around the low-
pressure region. The eye of the
cyclone is at the center and the
outer portions of the spinning
storm give rise to immense wind
and rainfall. The continuous rise
of hot air and the filling of the
gap with cold air around are the
main causes of cyclones.

The warm core cyclone is a

tropical or subtropical cyclone.
The process of formation of
cyclones is described by Tropical
cyclogenesis. The same cyclone
can transition between
extratropical, subtropical, and
tropical phases. The cyclones
formed over the Atlantic and
northeastern Pacific oceans are
mostly referred to as hurricanes.

The major effects of a cyclone

mostly include heavy rain, large
storm surge, tornadoes, and
strong winds. The destruction or
property damage caused by the
cyclone is mostly based on the
intensity, location, and size of the
particular cyclone. The after-
effects of the cyclone mostly
consist of destruction and
devastation.

Effects of Cyclones

Types of Cyclones
Based on the place of origin,
cyclones are classified into
multiple types. Following broad
categories of Cyclone are as
follows:

Tropical Cyclones

They are formed by winds

funneling into low-pressure areas
and evaporating warm surface
water. This evaporated water
vapor then rises higher and
becomes a cloud formation and
becomes a cloud formation
around circling winds.

Mesocyclones

They are also known as “tornado

factories”, which are formed due
to extremely strong
thunderstorms, which create a
rising funnel of very high-speed
winds, even higher than tropical
cyclones.

Extratropical Cyclones

Also known as midlatitude

cyclones, which are formed in
middle latitude areas due to
temperature gradients adjacent
air masses.

Polar Lows

They are also referred to as

Arctic Hurricanes, which form in
the Arctic and Antarctic oceans.
They are formed due to
extremely cold air moving over
slightly warmer waters.

Effects of Cyclone on
Sea
Due to the cyclone, the sea
export completely stops and
takes a considerable time to
recover from the losses. Due to
the halted export, many people
are at risk of losing their
livelihoods. They cause heavy
rain, and winds thus disturbing
the sea schedule. The low
pressure caused by the cyclones
causes a reduction in the
temperature of the sea. Lots of
ships are destroyed at the ports.
Shipwrecks are a common part
of the damage caused by
cyclones.

Effects of Cyclone
Upon Landfall
The effects of a cyclone upon
landfall are as follows-

Strong Winds

Strong Winds may not look like a

big problem but it has the
capacity to cause extensive
damage. It is the main cause of
the damage that is caused to
vehicles, buildings, bridges,
trees, etc. In the United States,
Hurricanes are only 21 percent of
the total all land cyclones but
they account for 83 percent of
the total damages. This damage
is mainly caused due to the high
winds. These cyclones have the
capacity to not only destroy
nominal things but have the
capability to destroy
constructions like bridges and
buildings.

Storm Surge

Storm surge refers to the

increase in the sea level due to a
cyclone. This is considered the
biggest or most important effect
of a Cyclone. Most of the deaths
caused by cyclones are caused
due to storm surges, they
account for 90 percent of the
total deaths caused by the storm
surge. The rise in the sea level is
very sudden and very fast, this
sudden rise floods the houses of
people and causes the deaths of
most of the people trapped in it.
The rise in the level is very high
and comes to around a few
kilometers from the sea bank.
The rise in sea level and strong
winds together cause damage to
many human-made
constructions.

Heavy Rainfall

Intensive rain is caused by

thunderstorm activities in a
tropical cyclone. This intensive
rain is the main cause of
flooding, landslides, and
mudslides. The inland is the
place that is most vulnerable to
flooding caused by the rains.
These rains are very sudden and
don’t provide the time to prepare
for the effects of this. The wet
climate or floods are a place for
breeding place for most of the
diseases that are associated with
floods. There are a lot of
infections are caused by cuts
and damage.

Causes of Cyclone
Cyclones rotate around a fixed
point with low atmospheric
pressure. This is usually over
warm oceans located near the
equator. The pressure and
temperature difference cause the
warm moist air to rise over the
surface in an upwards direction
causing the formation of a low-
pressure region. The surrounding
cooler air starts pushing into the
low-pressure region. The cool air
becomes warm and rises up
making sure that the same cycle
continues. As the warm air rises
up the moisture present in the air
condenses and forms clouds.
The complete process
continuously gradually increases
the speed forming the eye of the
cyclone.

Frequently Asked
Questions

Q 1. What is a cyclone?

Answer-

In meteorological terms, a
cyclone is a large air mass
that has the ability to rotate
around a center of focus or
a center of low
atmospheric pressure.
Cyclones are mainly
associated with inwards
spiraling winds that
especially rotate around
the low-pressure region.

Q 2. In India, a cyclone is
tracked through which
satellite?

Answer-

In India, a cyclone is
tracked through the
satellite named ScatSat-1.

Q 3. “Gulab Cyclone” name

is given by which country?

Answer-

“Gulab Cyclone” name is

given by Pakistan.

Q 4. How is a cyclone
formed?

Answer-

A cyclone is formed when

warm, moist air rises
upward over the ocean. As
the air moves up, there is
a formation of a low-
pressure area below. Now,
the low-pressure area is
filled with high-pressure air
from the surroundings. And
this process keeps
repeating.

Q 5. Which place is most

affected by the cyclone?

Answer-

Among all the places in the

world, Bangladesh is the
place that is most affected
by cyclones. In India,
Andhra Pradesh and
Maharashtra are the most
affected by cyclones.

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