Sets collection

->

similar things
of

I ↓
Roster form Set-Builder form

A Ex: is
22,4,6,84
a
A an even

[x<10y
=

1
no,

Nations:

* union
9) A 91,2,3,5

B
=

G2,4,7,93
=
= E1, 2, 3, 4, 7,93

Intersection
*
 =22,43

* Aset: $ or 43

No elements.

E=>
* belongs to

A G 1, 5, 7,
=

103
7 E A

is FA
A Set:- -
(C)

eg) A
=

[y(
2 =

1AC B

B (1,2,53
=

A 21,23
eg) AkB
=

B
[2,3,5,15,25y
=
 eg) A -
[1,2,34 =
n3 -

413,423,433,51,24,22,33,21,33,21255
P -

* Unreal set: (W oR E)
eg)
A 91,2,3,43
=

A* E5, 7, 8, 9, 105
=

=
B 2 =

5,9,107 B [1,2,3,4,7,87
2 23,5,7,83
=

c 21,2,4,
=
9,103

u 21,2,3,4,5,7,8,9,105
=

complement
* of a set:

v 0 =

①' v
=
⑰
VDIAGRAMS
B
A

7,9,10
193
2

5,6

A S1,2,3,47
=

B 12,7,9,103
=

u 41,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,107
=

a) WA

FEA
① AUB
/

9) B

a) ① An' -

8
Ill

pin ③v
② (AUBS
N. nin
③A ④ AUB'S

"""lelite
A
III
④

⑪ A UB
② A'RB

③ An
An B
④ (AnB

"
⑤ CAUB"
③

MMDll, An
AnB
 SETS
Home Worksheet
* Full into + explanation
-
1. Let’s get to the basics
1. In the following questions:
i. describe the set in words,
ii. write down another two elements of the set.
a) {Asia, Africa, Eurpoe, ……}
b) {2, 4, 6, 8, ….}
c) {January, March, July, …..}
d) S = {y: -5 ≤ y ≤ 5}
2. List all of the elements of each set.
a) {days of the week}
b) {factors of 36}
3. Find two more members of each set.
a) {carrot, potato, cabbage, ….}
b) {happy, sad, angry, ….}
4. Describe each set fully in words.
a) {1, 4, 9, 16, 25, ….}
b) {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12}

-
2. Problems on properties of sets
In this exercise, be careful to use set notation only when the answer is a set.
1. If M = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}, N = {5, 7, 9, 11, 13}, find:
a. M ∩ N b. M ∪ N c. n( N) d. n(M ∪ N)
2. If X = {1, 2, 3, ……, 10}, Y = {2, 4, 6, ….., 20} and Z = {x: x is an integer, 15 ≤ x ≤ 25 }, find:
a. X ∩ Y b. Y ∩ Z c. X ∩ Z
d. n(X ∪ Y) e. n(Z) f. n(X ∪ Z)
3. P = {whole numbers less than 30}
a. List the subset R {odd numbers}
4. J = {p, q, r}
a. List all the subset of J.
b. List all the proper subsets of J.
5. A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10} and B = {1, 3, 5, 6, 8, 10}
a) List the elements of:
i) A ∩ B ii) A ∪ B
b) Find:
1
 5

X
(c) y varies as the square root of w. For
When w = 9, y = 4. Examiner's
Use
Find the value of y when w = 36.

Answer (c) y= [3]

4 (a)

K L

Shade K ∩ L′ on the diagram. [1]

(b)

A B

Shade (A ∩ B) ∪ C on the diagram. [2]

(c) There are 20 students in Helena’s class.

6 students have fair hair.
10 students have long hair.
8 students do not have fair hair and do not have long hair.
How many students have fair hair and long hair?

Answer (c) [2]

© UCLES 2009 0607/04/M/J/09 [Turn over

 5

For
3 U = { x | 0 I x Y 12, x ∈ w} Examiner's
Use

A = {multiples of 3} B = {factors of 30} C = {x=| 6 Y x Y 11, x ∈ w }

(a) List the elements of the sets.

A={ }

B={ }

C={ } [3]

(b)

A B

Put the 12 elements of U in the correct regions of the Venn diagram. [2]

(c) Complete the following statements.

(i) A ∩ B = { } [1]

(ii) A ∪ C = { } [1]

(iii) (A ∪ C ) ∩ B = { } [1]

(iv) B ' = { } [1]

(v) n (A ∩ B ∩ C )' = [1]

© UCLES 2010 0607/04/M/J/10 [Turn over

 5

For
3 U Examiner's
B C Use

10 45 3

7
2 30

1
2
P

100 students are asked which science subjects they study.

The Venn diagram shows how many students study biology (B), chemistry (C) and physics (P).

(a) Write down the number of students that study

(i) all three subjects,

Answer(a)(i) [1]

(ii) biology and chemistry,

Answer(a)(ii) [1]

(iii) physics but not chemistry,

Answer(a)(iii) [1]

(iv) exactly one of the three subjects.

Answer(a)(iv) [1]

(b) Find

(i) n ( P ∪ C ) ,

Answer(b)(i) [1]

(ii) n (C' ) .

Answer(b)(ii) [1]

(c) From the 100 students, one student is chosen at random.

Write down the probability that this student studies physics.

Answer(c) [1]

(d) From the students who study chemistry, one student is chosen at random.
Find the probability that this student also studies physics.

Answer(d) [2]

© UCLES 2011 0607/42/M/J/11 [Turn over

 12

7 (a) Rajiv invests $525 at x% per year simple interest. For

After 3 years he has $588. Examiner's
Use

Find the value of x.

Answer(a) x = [3]

(b) A company’s profits increase by 5% each year.

In 2002 the profit was $10 000.

Find the profit in 2010.

Give your answer correct to the nearest $100.

Answer(b) $ [3]

8 (a) The Venn diagram shows the number of athletes (A) and the number of basketball players (B) in
a class.

A B

7
5 3

Use the Venn diagram to complete the following.

(i) n(A) = [1]

(ii) n ( A ∩ B′) = [1]

(iii) n ( A ∩ B)′ = [1]

© UCLES 2012 0607/42/M/J/12

 13

(b) Each student in a school orchestra can play at least one of the piano, the violin and the trumpet. For
Examiner's
Use
24 students play the piano
24 students play the violin
13 students play the trumpet
12 students play both the piano and the violin
7 students play both the piano and the trumpet
2 students play both the violin and the trumpet
No student plays all three instruments

(i) Use this information to complete the Venn diagram below where

P = {students who play the piano},

V = {students who play the violin},
T = {students who play the trumpet}.

P V

[3]

(ii) How many students are there in this orchestra?

Answer(b)(ii) [1]

© UCLES 2012 0607/42/M/J/12 [Turn over

 5

3 For each Venn diagram, describe the shaded region using set notation. For
Examiner's
Use
(a)
U
A B

Answer(a) [1]

(b)
U
A B

Answer(b) [1]

(c)
U
A B

Answer(c) [1]

(d)
U
A B

Answer(d) [2]

© UCLES 2013 0607/43/M/J/13 [Turn over

 13

8 The Venn diagram shows the sets A, B and C.

U
A B

U = {25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36}
A = {prime numbers}
B = {square numbers}
C = {multiples of 4}

(a) List the elements of set A.

Answer(a) [1]

(b) Write all the elements of U in the correct parts of the Venn diagram above. [3]

(c) List the elements of (A ∪ C)'.

Answer(c) [1]

(d) Find n((A ∪ C) ∩ B' ).

Answer(d) [1]

© UCLES 2014 0607/41/M/J/14 [Turn over

 11

7
U

B C

11

In a school, biology (B) and chemistry (C) are two of the optional subjects.
The Venn diagram represents the choices of 40 students.

n(B) = 25 and n(C) = 17.

11 students study neither biology nor chemistry.

(a) Complete the Venn diagram. [2]

(b) Use set notation to show the number of students who study neither biology nor chemistry.

Answer(b) [1]

(c) One of the 40 students is chosen at random.

What is the probability that this student studies both biology and chemistry?

Answer(c) [1]

(d) Two of the 40 students are chosen at random.

Find the probability that both students study biology but not chemistry.

Answer(d) [3]

(e) Two of the students who study biology are chosen at random.
Find the probability that both students also study chemistry.

Answer(e) [3]

© UCLES 2014 0607/42/M/J/14 [Turn over

 13

9
U
P G

7 3

The Venn diagram shows the following information.

U = {students in a music group} P = {students who play the piano} G = {students who play the guitar}

n (P , G)l = 2 n (P + G l) = 7 n (G + P l) = 3.

(a) n (U) = 23

Find n (P + G) .

................................................................. [1]

(b) A student is chosen at random from the music group.

Find the probability that this student plays the piano but does not play the guitar.

................................................................. [1]

(c) Two students who play the guitar are chosen at random.

Find the probability that they both also play the piano.

................................................................. [3]

(d) On the Venn diagram, shade the region P , G l . [1]

© UCLES 2016 0607/42/M/J/16 [Turn over

 11

9 For
U Examiner's
Use

B
C

U = {prime numbers less than 20}

A = {factors of 12}
B = {factors of 70}
C = {factors of 91}

(a) List the 8 elements of set U.

(1 is not a prime number.)

Answer(a) { } [1]

(b) Write all the elements of U in the correct parts of the Venn diagram above. [3]

(c) List the elements of (B ∪ C)'.

Answer(c) { } [1]

(d) Write down the value of n((B ∪ C) ∩ A' ).

Answer(d) [1]

(e) On the Venn diagram, shade the region B ∩ A' ∩ C '. [1]

© UCLES 2010 0607/04/O/N/10 [Turn over

 12

7 For
U Examiner's
Use

P R
x
Q y

w t u n

v
l m

The Venn diagram shows three sets P, Q and R.

U = {l, m, n, t, u, v, w, x, y}

(a) Use set notation to complete each statement.

(i) y R [1]

(ii) Q P [1]

(iii) Q ∩ R = [1]

(iv) P Q=P [1]

(b) List the elements of the following sets.

(i) P = { } [1]

(ii) P ∩ Q = { } [1]

(iii) (P ∪ R)' = { } [1]

(iv) Q ∪ R { } [1]

© UCLES 2012 0607/04/O/N/12

 10

5
U
P Q

n(U) = 25 n(P) = 18 n(Q) = 12 n ^P , Qhl = 3.

(a) Show that n ^P + Qh = 8 .

[2]

(b) An element is chosen at random from U.

Find the probability that the element is a member of

(i) P , Q,

.................................................... [1]

(ii) P , Ql.

.................................................... [1]

(c) An element is chosen at random from P.

Find the probability that this element is also a member of Q.

.................................................... [1]
2
(d) The probability of a single event is .
3
Describe this event in terms of P and Q.

............................................................................................................................................................. [1]

© UCLES 2016 0607/41/O/N/16

 10

8 The 150 members of a sports club were asked if they played cricket (C), hockey (H) or tennis (T).
Some members play none of the three sports.

The Venn diagram shows the numbers of members who play the three sports.

U
H
C
12
35 24
8
13 15

27

(a) Calculate the number of members who play none of the three sports.

.................................................... [1]

(b) Two of the 150 members are picked at random.

Calculate the probability that

(i) they both play hockey and tennis but not cricket,

.................................................... [2]

(ii) they are both members of the set (C , H ) + T l .

.................................................... [3]

© UCLES 2018 0607/42/O/N/18

 11

(c) Three of the members who play tennis are chosen at random.

Calculate the probability that none of them play cricket.

.................................................... [3]

© UCLES 2018 0607/42/O/N/18 [Turn over

 7

5 The Venn diagram shows the sets A, B and C.

U
A B

U = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13}

A = {prime numbers}
B = {factors of 12}
C = {multiples of 3}

(a) List the elements of set A.

.................................................... [1]

(b) Write all the elements of U in the correct parts of the Venn diagram above. [3]

(c) List the elements of (A , B) ' .

.................................................... [1]
(d) Find n ((B , C ) + A') .

.................................................... [1]

© UCLES 2019 0607/43/M/J/19 [Turn over

 12

8 There are 100 students in a year group.

Each student studies at least one of the languages, French (F), Italian (I) and Spanish (S).

x students study all 3 languages.

y students study French only.
18 students study Italian only.
4 students study French and Italian but not Spanish.
12 students study French and Spanish but not Italian.
2 students study Italian and Spanish but not French.
74 students study only one language.

(a) Show this information on the Venn diagram.

F I

[2]

© UCLES 2019 0607/42/O/N/19

 13

(b) Twice as many students study French as Italian.

Find the number of students who study

(i) all 3 subjects,

x = ................................................... [2]

(ii) French only,

y = ................................................... [2]

(iii) Spanish only.

.................................................... [1]

© UCLES 2019 0607/42/O/N/19 [Turn over

 12

8 A dance club has 90 members.

Here is some information about types of dancing members like.

50 like Ballroom (B)

37 like Latin (L)
47 like Modern (M)
18 like Ballroom and Latin
15 like Ballroom and Modern
22 like Latin and Modern
8 like Ballroom, Latin and Modern

(a) Complete the Venn diagram.

B L
10
8

[2]

(b) Write down the number of members who do not like any of these three types of dancing.

.................................................... [1]

(c) Two of the 90 members are chosen at random.

Find the probability that they both like Ballroom and Latin but not Modern.

.................................................... [2]

© UCLES 2019 0607/43/O/N/19

 13

(d) Two of the members who like Ballroom are chosen.

Find the probability that one of these members likes Latin but not Modern and the other likes Modern
but not Latin.

.................................................... [3]

© UCLES 2019 0607/43/O/N/19 [Turn over

 i) n( A ∩ B) ii) n( A ∩ B)
6. F = {equilateral triangles} and G = {isosceles triangels}.
a) Explain why F ⊂ G
b) What is F ∩ G . Can you simplify F ∩ G in any way?

3. Venn Diagram
1. In the Venn diagram,
ε = {people in a hotel}
T = {people who like toast}
E = {people who like eggs}
a) How many people like toast? 8
=

b) How many people like eggs but not toast? 3

=

c) How many people like toast and eggs? Y -

maN G6,83
=

d) How many people are in the hotel? =18

n (MN) 2
=

e) How many people like neither toast nor eggs? I =

2. Find:
[1,2,4,6,7,9]
Ei,2,43
a. n(M ∩ N) 2 b. n(N)
=

c. M ∪ N
d. M'∩ N 47,97 e. N'∩M
Y
=

f. (M ∩ N)'212, USE,
(1,2,4,6,84g. M
0 ∪ N' h. N⑧
∪ M' i. M'∪ N'
[6,8,7,93
-

3. Using the Venn diagram (right), indicate whether the following statements are true or false. ∈ means
'is an element of’ and ∉means ‘is not an element of’.
a. 5 ∈ A b. 20 ∈ B
c. 20∉A d. 50 ∈ A
e. 50∉B f. A ∩ B ={10, 20}
4.

Copy and complete the following statements:

a. = {…} b. A' = {...} c. A ∩ B = {...}
d. A ∪ B = {...} e. ( A ∩ B)' = {...} f. A ∩ B ' = {...}

2
5.

(1) W S =
1, 10, 4,5,6,7,2,93
iii) x 28, 3,2,9,6,73
=

(iii) 2=28,6, 7, 10,4,5,73

(inwrz: [2,93
(2) Wix [9,6,7,93 =

(vi) ynz 33
=
or b
a. Copy and complete the following statements:
i. W = {...} ii. X = {...} iii. Z ' = {...}
3
iv. W ∩ Z = {...} v. W ∩ X = {...} vi. Y ∩ Z = {...}
b. Which of the named sets is a subset of X?
6. B = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
A ∪ B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10}
A ∩ B = {2, 4}
Represent the above information on a Venn diagram.
7. Use the given Venn diagram to answer the following questions.
a) List the elements of A and B
b) List the elements of A ∩ B
c) List the elements of A ∪ B
8. The universal set is: [students in a class].
V = [students who like volley ball]
S = [students who play soccer]
There are 30 students in the class.
The Venn diagram shows number of students.
a) Find the value of x.
b) How many students like volleyball?
c) How many students in the class do not play soccer?

4. Shade the region

1. Draw six diagrams similar to Figure 1 and shade the following sets:
a. A ∩ B b. A ∪ B c. A'
d. A'∩B e. B'∩A f. (B ∪ A)'

2. Draw four diagrams similar to Figure 3 and shade the following sets:
a. A ∪ B b. A ∩ B c. A ∪ B' d. (B ∪ A)'

A 21,23
=
3

B [1,2,35
=
 B
3. Copy each diagram and shade the region indicated.
a. b.
=
IIIIIIIIIIIII
F
Ill
c.

4. Describe the shaded region.

a.

5. Copy the Venn diagram and shade the region which

represents the subset A ∩ B'
31
x fx
- + +
18 -

x 35
=

49 -
x 35

2)
=

M
N My
17 4
si-x
-
-
be 18-2
1)
-

5. Problems on sets
1. In the Venn diagram n( A) = 10, n( B) = 13, n( A ∩ B) = x and
(A ∪ B) = 18
a) Write in terms of x the number of elements in A but not in B.
b) Write in terms of x the number of elements in B but not in A.
c) Add together the number of elements in the three parts of the diagram to obtain the equation
10 – x + x + 13 – x = 18.
d) Hence find the number of elements in both A and B. n/MUN) 35
=

2. The sets M and N intersect such that n(M) = 31, n(N) = 18 and n(M ∪ N) . How many elements are
in both M and N?
-
3. In a school, students must take at least one of these subjects:
me P
* only
Maths, Physics or Chemistry. In a group of 50 students, 7 take all three subjects, 9 take Physics and

map a
Chemistry only, 8 take Maths and Physics only and 5 take Maths and Chemistry only. Of these 50
students, x take Maths only, x take Physics only and x + 3 take Chemistry only. Draw a Venn
diagram, find x, and hence find the number taking Maths.

x(), e

a6+8+
2 2+
+ 5 7+
+
9-
4
3x 32: 5t
+

ats, 3x 18 =
-
4. The IGCSE results of the 30 members of a rugby squad were as follows: All 30 players passed at
least two subjects, 18 players passed at least three subjects, and 3 players passed four subjects or
more. Calculate:
a) how many passed exactly two subjects.
b) what fraction of the squad passed exactly three subjects.
5. In a street of 150 houses, three different newspapers are delivered: T, G and M. of these, 40 receive
T, 35 receive G, and 60 receive M; 7 receive T and G, 10 receive G and M and 4 receive T and M;
34 receive no paper at all. How many receive all three?
Note: If ‘7 receive T and G’, this information does not mean 7 receive T and G only.
6. If ε ={living creatures}, S = {spiders}, F = {animals that fly},
T = {animals which taste nice}, express in set notation: S F
a) No spiders taste nice 3
b) All animals that fly taste nice
19 -x x 18-x
c) Some spiders can fly.
Express in words:
d) S∪F∪T = ε e) T⊆S
7. In a class of 35 students, 19 take Spanish, 18 take French and 3 take neither. Calculate how many
take: 19 -x xx 18 x 3 35
=

+ - +
+

a. both French and Spanish, -> 5

37 -
x 3 35
+
=

b. just Spanish, -> 19-5 14

=

40 x 35
=

c. just French -> 18 -

5 13
5
=

40 -35 x
=
=

8. Students in their last year at a school must study at least one of the three main sciences: Biology,
v Chemistry and Physics. There are 180
320
- students in the last year, of whom 84 study Biology and

Chemistry only, 72 study Chemistry and Physics only and 81 study Biology and Physics only, 22
pupils study only Biology, 21 study only Chemistry and 20 study only Physics. Use a Venn diagram
to work out how many students study all three sciences.
B 20+x 320
=

C 22 84 21 12+ 81+
+ +
+

320
84 300 x
=
+

22 21
x 1x 20
=

12
81

20
P

5
*
(AUB)'=AAB'*
*

(AnB)' AUBY
=

*
A B

IIIIIIIIIIII
"AUB)

ncainian
=

IIIIIIIIIIII-
n(AUBUC) n(A)
=

+ n(B) + nCC) -

nCARB)
(ANC) -n(BnCs +
=>

nAnBUC
*