CompTIA Network+

Certification Exam
Objectives
EXAM NUMBER: N10-009

CompTIA Network+ N10-009 Certification Exam: Exam Objectives Version 4.0

Copyright © 2023 CompTIA, Inc. All rights reserved.
About the Exam
The CompTIA Network+ certification exam will certify the successful candidate has the knowledge
and skills required to:

• Establish network connectivity by deploying wired and wireless devices.

• Explain the purpose of documentation and maintain network documentation.
• Configure common network services.
• Explain basic data-center, cloud, and virtual-networking concepts.
• Monitor network activity and troubleshoot performance and availability issues.
• Implement network security hardening techniques.
• Manage, configure, and troubleshoot network infrastructure.

EXAM DEVELOPMENT
CompTIA exams result from subject matter expert workshops and industry-wide survey results
regarding the skills and knowledge required of an IT professional.

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PLEASE NOTE
The lists of examples provided in bulleted format are not exhaustive lists. Other examples of
technologies, processes, or tasks pertaining to each objective may also be included on the exam,
although not listed or covered in this objectives document. CompTIA is constantly reviewing the
content of our exams and updating test questions to be sure our exams are current, and the security
of the questions is protected. When necessary, we will publish updated exams based on existing
exam objectives. Please know that all related exam preparation materials will still be valid.

CompTIA Network+ N10-009 Certification Exam: Exam Objectives Version 4.0

Copyright © 2023 CompTIA, Inc. All rights reserved.
TEST DETAILS
Required exam N10-009
Number of questions Maximum of 90
Types of questions Multiple-choice and performance-based
Length of test 90 minutes
Recommended experience A minimum of 9–12 months of experience
in the IT networking field

EXAM OBJECTIVES (DOMAINS)

The table below lists the domains measured by this examination
and the extent to which they are represented.

DOMAIN PERCENTAGE OF EXAMINATION

1.0 Networking Concepts 23%

2.0 Network Implementation 20%
3.0 Network Operations 19%
4.0 Network Security 14%
5.0 Network Troubleshooting 24%

Total 100%

CompTIA Network+ N10-009 Certification Exam: Exam Objectives Version 4.0

Copyright © 2023 CompTIA, Inc. All rights reserved.
 1.0 Networking Concepts
1.1 Explain concepts related to the Open Systems Interconnection
(OSI) reference model.
• Layer 1 - Physical
• Layer 2 - Data link
• Layer 3 - Network
• Layer 4 - Transport
• Layer 5 - Session
• Layer 6 - Presentation
• Layer 7 - Application

1.2 Compare and contrast networking appliances, applications,

and functions.
• Physical and virtual appliances - Storage area network (SAN)
- Router - Wireless
- Switch o
Access point (AP)
- Firewall o
Controller
- Intrusion detection system • Applications
(IDS)/intrusion prevention - Content delivery network (CDN)
system (IPS) • Functions
- Load balancer - Virtual private network (VPN)
- Proxy - Quality of service (QoS)
- Network-attached storage (NAS) - Time to live (TTL)

1.3 Summarize cloud concepts and connectivity options.

• Network functions virtualization • Deployment models
(NFV) - Public
• Virtual private cloud (VPC) - Private
• Network security groups - Hybrid
• Network security lists • Service models
• Cloud gateways - Software as a service (SaaS)
- Internet gateway - Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
- Network address translation - Platform as a service (PaaS)
(NAT) gateway • Scalability
• Cloud connectivity options • Elasticity
- VPN • Multitenancy
- Direct Connect

CompTIA Network+ N10-009 Certification Exam: Exam Objectives Version 4.0

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 1.0 | Networking Concepts

1.4 Explain common networking ports, protocols, services,

and traffic types.
Protocols Ports
File Transfer Protocol (FTP) 20/21
Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP) 22
Secure Shell (SSH) 22
Telnet 23
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) 25
Domain Name System (DNS) 53
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) 67/68
Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP) 69
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) 80
Network Time Protocol (NTP) 123
Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) 161/162
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) 389
Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) 443
Server Message Block (SMB) 445
Syslog 514
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Secure (SMTPS) 587
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol over SSL (LDAPS) 636
Structured Query Language (SQL) Server 1433
Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) 3389
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) 5060/5061

• Internet Protocol (IP) types

- Internet Control Message
Protocol (ICMP)
- Transmission Control Protocol
(TCP)
- User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
- Generic Routing Encapsulation
(GRE)
- Internet Protocol Security
(IPSec)
o
Authentication Header (AH)
o
Encapsulating Security
Payload (ESP)
o
Internet Key Exchange (IKE)
• Traffic types
- Unicast
- Multicast
- Anycast
- Broadcast

CompTIA Network+ N10-009 Certification Exam: Exam Objectives Version 4.0

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 1.0 | Networking Concepts

1.5 Compare and contrast transmission media and transceivers.

• Wireless o
Ethernet - Bayonet Neill–Concelman (BNC)
- 802.11 standards o
Fibre Channel (FC)
- Cellular - Form factors
- Satellite o
Small form-factor pluggable
• Wired (SFP)
- 802.3 standards o
Quad small form-factor
- Single-mode vs. multimode fiber pluggable (QSFP)
- Direct attach copper • Connector types
(DAC) cable - Subscriber connector (SC)
o
Twinaxial cable - Local connector (LC)
- Coaxial cable - Straight tip (ST)
- Cable speeds - Multi-fiber push on (MPO)
- Plenum vs. non-plenum cable - Registered jack (RJ)11
• Transceivers - RJ45
- Protocol - F-type

1.6 Compare and contrast network topologies, architectures,

and types.
• Mesh - Distribution
• Hybrid - Access
• Star/hub and spoke • Collapsed core
• Spine and leaf • Traffic flows
• Point to point - North-south
• Three-tier hierarchical model - East-west
- Core

1.7 Given a scenario, use appropriate IPv4 network addressing.

• Public vs. private • IPv4 address classes
- Automatic Private IP Addressing - Class A
(APIPA) - Class B
- RFC1918 - Class C
- Loopback/localhost - Class D
• Subnetting - Class E
- Variable Length Subnet Mask
(VLSM)
- Classless Inter-domain Routing
(CIDR)

CompTIA Network+ N10-009 Certification Exam: Exam Objectives Version 4.0

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 1.0 | Networking Concepts

1.8 Summarize evolving use cases for modern network environments.

• Software-defined network (SDN) • Secure Access Secure Edge • IPv6 addressing
and software-defined wide area (SASE)/Security Service Edge - Mitigating address exhaustion
network (SD-WAN) (SSE) - Compatibility requirements
- Application aware • Infrastructure as code (IaC) o
Tunneling
- Zero-touch provisioning - Automation o
Dual stack
- Transport agnostic o
Playbooks/templates/ o
NAT64
- Central policy management reusable tasks
• Virtual Extensible Local Area o
Configuration drift/compliance
Network (VXLAN) o
Upgrades
- Data center interconnect (DCI) o
Dynamic inventories
- Layer 2 encapsulation - Source control
• Zero trust architecture (ZTA) o
Version control
- Policy-based authentication o
Central repository
- Authorization o
Conflict identification
- Least privilege access o
Branching

CompTIA Network+ N10-009 Certification Exam: Exam Objectives Version 4.0

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 2.0 Network Implementation
2.1 Explain characteristics of routing technologies.
• Static routing • Address translation
• Dynamic routing - NAT
- Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) - Port address translation (PAT)
- Enhanced Interior Gateway • First Hop Redundancy Protocol
Routing Protocol (EIGRP) (FHRP)
- Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) • Virtual IP (VIP)
• Route selection • Subinterfaces
- Administrative distance
- Prefix length
- Metric

2.2 Given a scenario, configure switching technologies and features.

• Virtual Local Area Network - 802.1Q tagging
(VLAN) - Link aggregation
- VLAN database - Speed
- Switch Virtual Interface (SVI) - Duplex
• Interface configuration • Spanning tree
- Native VLAN • Maximum transmission unit (MTU)
- Voice VLAN - Jumbo frames

2.3 Given a scenario, select and configure wireless devices and

technologies.
• Channels - Extended service set identifier • Authentication
- Channel width (ESSID) - Pre-shared key (PSK) vs.
- Non-overlapping channels • Network types Enterprise
- Regulatory impacts - Mesh networks • Antennas
o
802.11h - Ad hoc - Omnidirectional vs. directional
• Frequency options - Point to point • Autonomous vs. lightweight
- 2.4GHz - Infrastructure access point
- 5GHz • Encryption
- 6GHz - Wi-Fi Protected Access 2
- Band steering (WPA2)
• Service set identifier (SSID) - WPA3
- Basic service set identifier • Guest networks
(BSSID) - Captive portals

CompTIA Network+ N10-009 Certification Exam: Exam Objectives Version 4.0

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 2.0 | Network Implementation

2.4 Explain important factors of physical installations.

• Important installation implications • Power
- Locations - Uninterruptible power supply
o
Intermediate distribution (UPS)
frame (IDF) - Power distribution unit (PDU)
o
Main distribution frame (MDF) - Power load
- Rack size - Voltage
- Port-side exhaust/intake • Environmental factors
- Cabling - Humidity
o
Patch panel - Fire suppression
o
Fiber distribution panel - Temperature
- Lockable

CompTIA Network+ N10-009 Certification Exam: Exam Objectives Version 4.0

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 3.0 Network Operations
3.1 Explain the purpose of organizational processes and
procedures. s

• Documentation • Life-cycle management

- Physical vs. logical diagrams - End-of-life (EOL)
- Rack diagrams - End-of-support (EOS)
- Cable maps and diagrams - Software management
- Network diagrams o
Patches and bug fixes
o
Layer 1 o
Operating system (OS)
o
Layer 2 o
Firmware
o
Layer 3 - Decommissioning
- Asset inventory • Change management
o
Hardware - Request process tracking/
o
Software service request
o
Licensing • Configuration management
o
Warranty support - Production configuration
- IP address management (IPAM) - Backup configuration
- Service-level agreement (SLA) - Baseline/golden configuration
- Wireless survey/heat map

3.2 Given a scenario, use network monitoring technologies.

• Methods - Flow data - Port mirroring
- SNMP - Packet capture • Solutions
o
Traps - Baseline metrics - Network discovery
o
Management information base o
Anomaly alerting/notification o
Ad hoc
(MIB) - Log aggregation o
Scheduled
o
Versions o
Syslog collector - Traffic analysis
o v2c o
Security information and - Performance monitoring
o v3 event management (SIEM) - Availability monitoring
o
Community strings - Application programming - Configuration monitoring
o
Authentication interface (API) integration

CompTIA Network+ N10-009 Certification Exam: Exam Objectives Version 4.0

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 3.0 | Network Operations

3.3 Explain disaster recovery (DR) concepts.

• DR metrics • DR sites - Active-passive
- Recovery point objective (RPO) - Cold site • Testing
- Recovery time objective (RTO) - Warm site - Tabletop exercises
- Mean time to repair (MTTR) - Hot site - Validation tests
- Mean time between failures • High-availability approaches
(MTBF) - Active-active

3.4 Given a scenario, implement IPv4 and IPv6 network services.

• Dynamic addressing o
Record types - NTP
- DHCP o Address (A) - Precision Time Protocol (PTP)
o
Reservations o AAAA - Network Time Security (NTS)
o
Scope o Canonical name (CNAME)
o
Lease time o Mail exchange (MX)
o
Options o Text (TXT)
o
Relay/IP helper o Nameserver (NS)
o
Exclusions o Pointer (PTR)
- Stateless address o
Zone types
autoconfiguration (SLAAC) o Forward
• Name resolution o Reverse
- DNS o
Authoritative vs.
o
Domain Name Security non-authoritative
Extensions (DNSSEC) o
Primary vs. secondary
o
DNS over HTTPS (DoH) o
Recursive
and DNS over TLS (DoT) - Hosts file
• Time protocols

3.5 Compare and contrast network access and management

methods.
• Site-to-site VPN • Jump box/host
• Client-to-site VPN • In-band vs. out-of-band
- Clientless management
- Split tunnel vs. full tunnel
• Connection methods
- SSH
- Graphical user interface (GUI)
- API
- Console

CompTIA Network+ N10-009 Certification Exam: Exam Objectives Version 4.0

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 4.0 Network Security
4.1 Explain the importance of basic network security concepts.
• Logical security o
Authorization • Network segmentation
- Encryption o Least privilege enforcement
o
Data in transit o Role-based access control - Internet of Things (IoT) and
o
Data at rest - Geofencing Industrial Internet of Things
- Certificates • Physical security (IIoT)
o
Public key infrastructure (PKI) - Camera - Supervisory control and data
o
Self-signed - Locks acquisition (SCADA), industrial
- Identity and access management • Deception technologies control System (ICS), operational
(IAM) - Honeypot technology (OT)
o
Authentication - Honeynet - Guest
o Multifactor authentication • Common security terminology - Bring your own device (BYOD)
(MFA) - Risk
o Single sign-on (SSO) - Vulnerability
o Remote Authentication - Exploit
Dial-in User Service - Threat
(RADIUS) - Confidentiality, Integrity, and
o LDAP Availability (CIA) triad
o Security Assertion Markup • Audits and regulatory compliance
Language (SAML) - Data locality
o Terminal Access Controller - Payment Card Industry Data
Access Control System Plus Security Standards (PCI DSS)
(TACACS+) - General Data Protection
o Time-based authentication Regulation (GDPR)

4.2 Summarize various types of attacks and their impact to

the network.
• Denial-of-service (DoS)/ • ARP spoofing • Social engineering
distributed denial-of-service • DNS poisoning - Phishing
(DDoS) • DNS spoofing - Dumpster diving
• VLAN hopping • Rogue devices and services - Shoulder surfing
• Media Access Control (MAC) - DHCP - Tailgating
flooding - AP • Malware
• Address Resolution Protocol • Evil twin
(ARP) poisoning • On-path attack

CompTIA Network+ N10-009 Certification Exam: Exam Objectives Version 4.0

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 4.0 | Network Security

4.3 Given a scenario, apply network security features, defense

techniques, and solutions.
• Device hardening • Security rules
- Disable unused ports and - Access control list (ACL)
services - Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
- Change default passwords filtering
• Network access control (NAC) - Content filtering
- Port security • Zones
- 802.1X - Trusted vs. untrusted
- MAC filtering - Screened subnet
• Key management

CompTIA Network+ N10-009 Certification Exam: Exam Objectives Version 4.0

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 5.0 Network Troubleshooting
5.1 Explain the troubleshooting methodology.
• Identify the problem - Question the obvious • Establish a plan of action to
- Gather information - Consider multiple approaches resolve the problem and identify
- Question users o
Top-to-bottom/bottom-to-top potential effects
- Identify symptoms OSI model • Implement the solution or escalate
- Determine if anything has o
Divide and conquer as necessary
changed • Test the theory to determine the • Verify full system functionality and
- Duplicate the problem, if cause implement preventive measures if
possible - If theory is confirmed, determine applicable
- Approach multiple problems next steps to resolve problem • Document findings, actions,
individually - If theory is not confirmed, outcomes, and lessons learned
• Establish a theory of probable establish a new theory or throughout the process
cause escalate

5.2 Given a scenario, troubleshoot common cabling and

physical interface issues.
• Cable issues o
Runts
- Incorrect cable o
Giants
o
Single mode vs. multimode o
Drops
o
Category 5/6/7/8 - Port status
o
Shielded twisted pair (STP) o
Error disabled
vs. unshielded twisted pair o
Administratively down
(UTP) o
Suspended
- Signal degradation • Hardware issues
o
Crosstalk - Power over Ethernet (PoE)
o
Interference o
Power budget exceeded
o
Attenuation o
Incorrect standard
- Improper termination - Transceivers
- Transmitter (TX)/Receiver (RX) o
Mismatch
transposed o
Signal strength
• Interface issues
- Increasing interface counters
o
Cyclic redundancy check
(CRC)

CompTIA Network+ N10-009 Certification Exam: Exam Objectives Version 4.0

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 5.0 | Network Troubleshooting

5.3 Given a scenario, troubleshoot common issues with

network services.
• Switching issues • Route selection
- STP - Routing table
o
Network loops - Default routes
o
Root bridge selection • Address pool exhaustion
o
Port roles • Incorrect default gateway
o
Port states • Incorrect IP address
- Incorrect VLAN assignment - Duplicate IP address
- ACLs • Incorrect subnet mask

5.4 Given a scenario, troubleshoot common performance issues.

• Congestion/contention • Wireless
• Bottlenecking - Interference
• Bandwidth o
Channel overlap
- Throughput capacity - Signal degradation or loss
• Latency - Insufficient wireless coverage
• Packet loss - Client disassociation issues
• Jitter - Roaming misconfiguration

5.5 Given a scenario, use the appropriate tool or protocol to

solve networking issues.
• Software tools - Nmap • Basic networking device
- Protocol analyzer - Link Layer Discovery Protocol commands
- Command line (LLDP)/Cisco Discovery Protocol - show mac-address-table
o
ping (CDP) - show route
o
traceroute/tracert - Speed tester - show interface
o
nslookup • Hardware tools - show config
o
tcpdump - Toner - show arp
o
dig - Cable tester - show vlan
o
netstat - Taps - show power
o
ip/ifconfig/ipconfig - Wi-Fi analyzer
o
arp - Visual fault locator

CompTIA Network+ N10-009 Certification Exam: Exam Objectives Version 4.0

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CompTIA Network+ N10-009 Acronym List
The following is a list of acronyms that appear on the CompTIA Network+
N10-009 exam. Candidates are encouraged to review the complete
list and attain a working knowledge of all listed acronyms as part of a
comprehensive exam preparation program.
Acronym Spelled Out Acronym Spelled Out
A Address EIGRP Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol
ACL Access Control List EOL End-of-life
AH Authentication Header EOS End-of-support
AP Access Point ESP Encapsulating Security Payload
API Application Programming Interface ESSID Extended Service Set Identifier
APIPA Automatic Private Internet Protocol EULA End User License Agreement
Addressing FC Fibre Channel
ARP Address Resolution Protocol FHRP First Hop Redundancy Protocol
AUP Acceptable Use Policy FTP File Transfer Protocol
BGP Border Gateway Protocol GDPR General Data Protection Regulation
BNC Bayonet Neill–Concelman GRE Generic Routing Encapsulation
BSSID Basic Service Set Identifier GUI Graphical User Interface
BYOD Bring Your Own Device HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol
CAM Content-addressable Memory HTTPS Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure
CDN Content Delivery Network IaaS Infrastructure as a Service
CDP Cisco Discovery Protocol IaC Infrastructure as Code
CIA Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability IAM Identity and Access Management
CIDR Classless Inter-domain Routing ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol
CLI Command-line Interface ICS Industrial Control System
CNAME Canonical Name IDF Intermediate Distribution Frame
CPU Central Processing Unit IDS Intrusion Detection System
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check IoT Internet of Things
DAC Direct Attach Copper IIoT Industrial Internet of Things
DAS Direct-attached Storage IKE Internet Key Exchange
DCI Data Center Interconnect IP Internet Protocol
DDoS Distributed Denial-of-service IPAM Internet Protocol Address Management
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol IPS Intrusion Prevention System
DLP Data Loss Prevention IPSec Internet Protocol Security
DNS Domain Name System IS-IS Intermediate System to Intermediate System
DNSSEC Domain Name System Security Extensions LACP Link Aggregation Control Protocol
DoH DNS over Hypertext Transfer Protocol LAN Local Area Network
Secure LC Local Connector
DoS Denial-of-service LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
DoT DNS over Transport Layer Security LDAPS Lightweight Directory Access Protocol over
DR Disaster Recovery SSL
EAPoL Extensible Authentication Protocol over LAN LLDP Link Layer Discovery Protocol

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Acronym Spelled Out Acronym Spelled Out
MAC Media Access Control SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
MDF Main Distribution Frame SDN Software-defined Network
MDIX Medium Dependent Interface Crossover SD-WAN Software-defined Wide Area Network
MFA Multifactor Authentication SFP Small Form-factor Pluggable
MIB Management Information Base SFTP Secure File Transfer Protocol
MPO Multifiber Push On SIP Session Initiation Protocol
MTBF Mean Time Between Failure SIEM Security Information and Event Management
MTTR Mean Time To Repair SLA Service-level Agreement
MTU Maximum Transmission Unit SLAAC Stateless Address Autoconfiguration
MX Mail Exchange SMB Server Message Block
NAC Network Access Control SMTP Simple Mail Transfer Protocol
NAS Network-attached Storage SMTPS Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Secure
NAT Network Address Translation SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
NFV Network Functions Virtualization SOA Start of Authority
NIC Network Interface Cards SQL Structured Query Language
NS Name Server SSE Security Service Edge
NTP Network Time Protocol SSH Secure Shell
NTS Network Time Security SSID Service Set Identifier
OS Operating System SSL Secure Socket Layer
OSPF Open Shortest Path First SSO Single Sign-on
OSI Open Systems Interconnection ST Straight Tip
OT Operational Technology STP Shielded Twisted Pair
PaaS Platform as a Service SVI Switch Virtual Interface
PAT Port Address Translation TACAS+ Terminal Access Controller Access Control
PCI DSS Payment Card Industry Data Security System Plus
Standards TCP Transmission Control Protocol
PDU Power Distribution Unit TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol
PKI Public Key Infrastructure TTL Time to Live
PoE Power over Ethernet TX Transmitter
PSK Pre-shared Key TXT Text
PTP Precision Time Protocol UDP User Datagram Protocol
PTR Pointer UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply
QoS Quality of Service URL Uniform Resource Locator
QSFP Quad Small Form-factor Pluggable USB Universal Serial Bus
RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial-in User Service UTM Unified Threat Management
RDP Remote Desktop Protocol UTP Unshielded Twisted Pair
RFID Radio Frequency Identifier VIP Virtual IP
RIP Routing Information Protocol VLAN Virtual Local Area Network
RJ Registered Jack VLSM Variable Length Subnet Mask
RPO Recovery Point Objective VoIP Voice over IP
RSTP Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol VPC Virtual Private Cloud
RTO Recovery Time Objective VPN Virtual Private Network
RX Receiver WAN Wide Area Network
SaaS Software as a Service WPA Wi-Fi Protected Access
SAML Security Assertion Markup Language WPS Wi-Fi Protected Setup
SAN Storage Area Network VXLAN Virtual Extensible LAN
SASE Secure Access Service Edge ZTA Zero Trust Architecture
SC Subscriber Connector

CompTIA Network+ N10-009 Certification Exam: Exam Objectives Version 4.0

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CompTIA Network+ Proposed Hardware
and Software List
CompTIA has included this sample list of hardware and software to assist
candidates as they prepare for the Network+ exam. This list may also be
helpful for training companies who wish to create a lab component to their
training offering. The bulleted lists below each topic are a sample list and
not exhaustive.

Equipment Software
• Optical and copper patch panels • Protocol analyzer/packet capture
• Layer 3 switch/managed switch/PoE switch • Terminal emulation software
• Router • Linux/Windows operating systems
• Firewall • Software firewall
• Wireless access point • Software IDS/IPS
• Basic laptops that support virtualization • Network mapper
• Voice over IP (VoIP) phone • Hypervisor software
• IaaS cloud lab/demo accounts
Spare Hardware • Virtual network environment
• Network interface card (NIC) • Wi-Fi analyzer
• Power supplies • Spectrum analyzer
• SFPs • Network monitoring tools
• Wireless access point • Flow data analyzer
• UPS • TFTP server
• PoE injector • Various firmware versions

Spare Parts Other

• Patch cables • Sample network documentation
- Fiber • Sample logs
- Copper • Defective cables
• Antennas • Cloud network diagrams
• Bluetooth/wireless adapters • Sample configuration playbook/runbook
• Console cables [Universal Serial Bus (USB) to RS-232
serial adapter]
• Additional NIC/USB NIC

Tools
• Cable tester
• Tone generator
• Optical power meter
• PoE Tester

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