Course Lead & Course Instructor:

Dr. Praveen Oggu Assistant Professor

Department of Civil Engineering
Vardhaman College of Engineering, Hyderabad

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(AUTONOMOUS)
Affiliated to JNTUH, Approved by AICTE, Accredited by NAAC with A++ Grade, ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Kacharam, Shamshabad, Hyderabad – 501218, Telangana, India

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 Limit State of Serviceability

• It refers to conditions other than the building strength that render the
buildings unusable.
• Serviceability limit state includes durability, overall stability, fire
resistance, deflection, cracking and excessive vibration.
• Stability of the structure against overturning and sliding (cl. 20 of IS
456), and fire resistance (cl. 21 of IS 456) are some of the important
issues to be kept in mind while designing RC structures.
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 Deflection (Annexure – C)

• Excessive deflection of a structure or part of a structure adversely

affects the appearance and efficiency of the structure.

• Excessive cracking of concrete also seriously affects the appearance and

durability of the structure.

• Short term deflections.

Page 88 of IS:456-2000
• Long term deflections.
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 Short term deflections
• Short-term deflection refers to the immediate deflection after casting and
application of partial or full service loads.
• The following factors influence the short-term deflection of structures:
(a) magnitude and distribution of live loads,
(b) span and type of end supports,
(c) cross-sectional area of the members,
(d) amount of steel reinforcement and the stress developed in the steel,
(e) characteristic strengths of concrete and steel, and
(f) amount and extent of cracking.
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 Long term deflections
• Long-term deflection occurs over a long period of time largely due to
shrinkage and creep of the materials.
• The long-term deflection is almost two to three times of the short-term
deflection.
• The following are the major factors influencing the long-term
deflection:
(a) humidity and temperature ranges during curing,
(b) age of concrete at the time of loading, and
(c) type and size of aggregates, water-cement ratio, amount of compression
reinforcement, size of members etc., which influence the creep and shrinkage
of concrete.

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 Control of Deflection
• The limiting deflections under two heads as given below: Clause 23.2
(a) The maximum final deflection should not normally exceed span/250 due
to all loads including the effects of temperatures, creep and shrinkage and
measured from the as-cast level of the supports of floors, roof and all other
horizontal members.
(b) The maximum deflection should not normally exceed the lesser of
span/350 or 20 mm including the effects of temperature, creep and
shrinkage occurring after erection of partitions and the application of
finishes.
It is essential that both the requirements are to be fulfilled for every structure
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• If the depth of beam exceeds 750 mm, side face reinforcement shall be
provided along the two faces.
The total area of such reinforcement shall not be less than 0.1% of the
c/s area and shall be distributed equally on two faces at a spacing not exceeding
300 mm or beam thickness whichever is less. (Refer clause 25.5.1.3 IS456:2000)

• The minimum tension reinforcement in beams to prevent failure in the

tension zone by cracking of concrete is given by the following
Ast,min = 0.85 b*d/fy (Refer clause 26.5.1.1 IS 456:2000)
• Provide large number of smaller diameter bars. This will make the bars well
distributed and will reduce the width of the cracks.
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 b
Reinforcement

Side face reinforcement

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Clause 23.2.1 : Deflection control

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Problem 1: The following data is of a simply supported T beam, check the
deflection criteria by empirical method
• Width of the beam (b) = 230 mm, Effective depth (d) = 425 mm
• Effective span = 8.0 m, Type of steel = Fe 415
• Width of flange (bf) = 0.9 m, Width of web (bw) = 0.3 m
• Area of tension steel required = 977.5 mm2
• Area of tension steel provided = 1256 mm2
• Area of compression steel provided = 628 mm2

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Problem 2: A rectangular beam continuous over several supports has a width of
300 mm and overall depth of 600 mm. The effective length of each of the spans
of the beam is 12.0 m. The effective cover is 25 mm. Area of compression steel
provided is 942 mm2 and area of tension steel provided is 1560 mm2. Adopting
Fe 500 steel estimate the safety of the beam for deflection control using the
empirical method.

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