Course Lead & Course Instructor:

Dr. Praveen Oggu Assistant Professor

Department of Civil Engineering
Vardhaman College of Engineering, Hyderabad

VARDHAMAN COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(AUTONOMOUS)
Affiliated to JNTUH, Approved by AICTE, Accredited by NAAC with A++ Grade, ISO 9001:2015 Certified
Kacharam, Shamshabad, Hyderabad – 501218, Telangana, India

1
 FLANGED BEAM
• In RCC construction, slabs and beams are cast monolithically.
• In such construction, a portion of the slab act integrally with the beam and
bends along with the beam under the loads.

2
• The portion of the slab which acts integrally with the beam to resist loads is
called as Flange of the T-beam or L-beam.
• The portion of the beam below the flange is called as Web or Rib of the
beam.
• The intermediate beams supporting the slab are called as T-beams and the
end beams are called as L-beams.

3
4
5
• The flange of the beam (part of the slab) contributes in resisting
compression by adding more area of concrete in compression zone.

• This results in increasing moment of resistance of the beam section.

• Flanged beams are mostly used to control the depth of the beam.

6
 To increase Mu:

• Increase the depth of Singly Reinforced Beam.

• Design it as a Doubly Reinforced Beam.

• Design it as a Flanged Beam.

7
 Also to increase Mu:

• Increase the compressive / tensile force (by adding steel &

concrete).

• Increase the lever-arm (distance between compressive and

tensile stress).

8
• Increase in depth (d) is better than to increase width (b), grade of
concrete (fck), grade of steel (fy), etc…

• Increase in depth (d) increases the leverarm, which is better than

increasing compressive stress (C) and tensile stress (T).

• The main aim of flanged beams is to fully utilize the depth of

beam from top of the slab to the bottom of the beam.
9
• In most of the cases, monolithic T-beams are seen.

• The top flange of T-beam resists compressive stress.

• The web of the T-beam resists shear stress & tensile stress.

10
 Calculation of Effective Width
For monolithic beams:

For isolated beams:

11
12
 bf

bf = width of flange, Df = depth of flange,

bw = width of web, dw = depth of web
13
 Analysis & Design of T-Section

There are 3 cases to be considered: (Page 96 of IS:456-2000)

1. Neutral axis is with in the flange.

2. Neutral axis is in the web and flange is in uniform compression

(Df /d ≤ 0.2).

3. Neutral axis is in the web and flange may be in non-uniform

compression (Df /d > 0.2). → replace Df with Yf
14
Calculation of Mu
• Df / xu ≤ 0.43 → use formula corresponding to G-2.2 (Page 96)

• Df / xu > 0.43 → use formula corresponding to G-2.2.1 (Page 97)

15
1. Determine the moment of resistance of T-beam having the following
dimensions: width of flange (bf) =1000mm, depth of flange (Df) =100mm,
width of web (bw) =300mm, effective depth (d) =450mm, cover=50mm,
Area of tension steel = 1963sq.mm. Use M20 & Fe415.

16
 bf
xu

bf = width of flange, Df = depth of flange,

bw = width of web, dw = depth of web
17
18
2. Determine the moment of resistance of T-beam having the following
dimensions: width of flange (bf) =1000mm, depth of flange (Df) =100mm,
width of web (bw) =300mm, effective depth (d) =450mm, cover=50mm,
Area of tension steel = 2591 sq.mm. Use M20 & Fe415.

19
 bf

xu

bf = width of flange, Df = depth of flange,

bw = width of web, dw = depth of web
20
21
22
23
24
3. Determine the moment of resistance of T-beam having the following
dimensions: width of flange (bf) =1000mm, depth of flange (Df) =100mm,
width of web (bw) =300mm, effective depth (d) =450mm, cover=50mm,
Area of tension steel = 3200 sq.mm. Use M20 & Fe415.

25
 bf

xu

bf = width of flange, Df = depth of flange,

bw = width of web, dw = depth of web
26
27
28
29
4. Determine the Ast,limit and Mu,limit for a beam having the following
dimensions: width of flange (bf) =1000mm, depth of flange (Df) =100mm,
width of web (bw) =300mm, effective depth (d) =450mm, cover=50mm,
Use M20 & Fe415.

30
31
32
33
 Design of T-Beam
The T beam floor consists of 120 mm thick R.C. slab monolithic with 300 mm
wide beams. The beams are spaced at 3.5 m center to center and their effective
span is 8 m. If the superimposed load on the slab is 6.5 kN/sq-m, design an
intermediate beam. Use M25 mix and FE 415 grade steel.
Solution:-
Given thickness of slab, Df = 120 mm
Width of beams, bw = 300 mm
Centre to centre distance between beams = 3.5 m
Effective span of beams = 8 m
Intensity of load on slab = 6.5 kN/sq-m
Fck = 25 MPa and Fy = 415 MPa
Assume effective cover to reinforcement steel, d’ = 50 mm
Calculation of design load on beam:
From Cl 23.2.2 of IS 456, based on serviceability criteria, the span to effective
depth ratio for a simply supported beam is 20
Therefore, required effective depth, d = 8000/20 = 400 mm
Adopt an effective depth of 450 mm
Overall depth of T-beam = d + d’ = 450 + 50 = 500 mm

Since the beams are spaced at 3.5 m centre-centre, the load acting for a width of
3.5 m is taken up by one intermediate beam.
Intensity of UDL due to self weight of beam = Area x unit wt
= [0.3X(0.5-0.12)]X25
= 2.85 kN/m
Intensity of UDL due to self weight of slab on one intermediate beam
= Spacing of beams x Thickness x unit wt
= 3.5x0.12x25
= 10.5 kN/m
Intensity of superimposed load on one intermediate beam
= Spacing of beams x Intensity of load on slab
= 3.5x6.5
= 22.75 kN/m
Total intensity of working UDL acting per meter on one intermediate beam
= 2.85 +10.5 + 22.75
= 36.1 kN/m
Intensity of factored UDL acting per meter on one intermediate beam
= 1.5x36.1 = 54.15 kN/m
Therefore, the ultimate bending moment in intermediate T-beam of span 8 m is,
Wu L2eff 54.15 X 82
Mu = = = 432.2 kNm
8 8
Calculation of reinforcement steel area:
Trial – 1 Initially assume that the neutral axis lies within flange
From Cl 23.1.2, effective width of flange is given by,

lo
b f = + bw + 3D f
6
8000
= + 300 + 3 X 120
6
=1993.3 mm [ 3500 mm, Hence Ok ]
The depth of actual neutral axis is determined as

Force of compression = Force of tension

0.36fck bf xu = 0.87 fy Ast
0.36 X 25 X 1993.3 X xu = 0.87 X 415 X Ast
xu = 0.020126 Ast

Considering an under reinforced section for design, the expression for ultimate
moment of resistance is given by
Mu = 0.87 fy Ast d−0.42xu
432.2 X 106 = 0.87 X 415 X Ast 450−0.42 X 0.020126 Ast
Ast = 2808.28mm2
Therefore, the actual neutral axis depth is

xu = 0.020126cAst
= 0.020126 X 2808.28
= 56.52mm [<Df, Hence assumption is Ok]

Assuming 25 mm diameter bars, number of bars required in tension is given by,

Ast 2808.28
N bt = = = 5.73  6 No
A 490

Hence, provide 6-25 mm diameter bars in tension at an effective cover of 50 mm

Detailing of Reinforcement in section: