FINANCIAL INSTABILITY: A JOURNEY OF SENIOR

HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS

________________________________

A Qualitative Research

Presented to
The Faculty of Accountancy and Business Management (ABM)
Ilocos Sur National High School
Senior High School
Vigan City

____________________

In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Subject
Practical Research 1

____________________

Antiporda, Khian Zhane F.

Pizarro, Dawn
Quiocho, Jhon Carlo D.
Rabara, Ruby Ann A.

2024
 Chapter I

Introduction

Financial problems are a situation where money worries are causing individual

stress. Many people are facing hard financial times and the impact on mental health,

academic performance or motivation can be significant. This includes worrying a lot

or feeling anxious over money, arguing with loved ones, headaches, feeling unwell,

difficulty in sleeping , feeling guilty spending money on non- essentials, stress and

even failing grades. (Lifeline Australia, 2016)

(Dang and Bulus 2015), education is a high cost social service, therefore

insufficient financial support will be a problem for students to enhance themselves in

academics thus leading to poor academic performance. The financial problem extends

beyond the home, but significantly, it affects educational attainment. Financial plays

an important role in students' academic performance. Financial problems are serious

issues that need to be addressed as it leads to multiple stages of problems such as

health issues and academic performance. Money has become the primary challenge of

every learner, facing the struggles of financial inability and distress considering all the

allowances and all the finance needed for accomplishing the requirements needed of

academic students, such as; school materials, printing costs for activities or projects,

and technological needs. Unfortunately, not everyone can afford these necessities due

to financial constraints. (Norazlan et al., 2022)

In this situation, some students are aspiring to take their preferred course on the

higher level of education, planning to take a better future and success. However, the
question is, where could they get money? What will they do to pay tuition fees and

other

materials needed? That is why it seems uncertain, whereas the source of money is

nowhere to be found. These obstacles and barriers faced by these students gave a huge

impact not only academically but also personally. It is distressing to realize that

students are severely affected by these circumstances, hindering their educational

pursuits. It is important to know the significance of learning without coming into such

a major obstacle, specifically financial distress.

As a result, this topic gives an importance towards finances needed for school and

for students to have a better learning and education, achieving a higher and better

education towards a bright success. It is essential to acknowledge and address these

issues to support students facing financial challenges and to reshape societal

perspectives on money.

Therefore, this study explores the challenges encountered by senior high school

students with financial instability, focusing on their perspectives and experiences with

this issue. It aims to understand the culture and impact of financial distress on

students and emphasizes the importance of addressing these challenges. By

highlighting the journey of senior high students facing financial difficulties, this study

seeks to raise awareness and promote meaningful change in addressing financial

inequities in education.

Statement of the Problem

 The study entitled "Financial Instability": A Journey of Senior High School

Students” aims to find out the struggles of SHS students regarding financial instability.

Specifically, this study seek to answer the following question:

1. How do senior high school students with financial instability manage their

struggles in terms of ;

a.) Education

b.) Aspirations

c.) Emotional Well-being

d.) Mental well-being

Significance of the Study

This study aims to benefit the following :

Students : The result will provide the students with some knowledge in maintaining

stable money, to teach them on how to budget their allowance and to have the idea to

strive for living despite the financial struggles that they have been.

Guardians: This study shows the techniques on how to teach and educate their

children to be more responsible on their expenses and to avoid being financially

unstable. As money plays a little importance on students' perspective. This will also

serve as a reminder for the parents and guardians of these students to help their child

and provide what they need.

Teachers: To give the teachers an awareness and at least inform the teachers that

students are also struggling in terms of money. This will be a help for teachers to give
them information and to give their students a help if they ever want to lessen the

burden of their students.

Future Researchers: This will give the future researchers an in-depth knowledge

about this certain topic. The future researchers can dig and study the effects, as well as

the major causes and solutions to this kind of problem. Additionally, this will serve as

their guidance and related study to support their future case or study.

Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study is focused on the financial stability of Senior High Students and their

techniques on how they can handle that kind of situation in Ilocos Sur National High

School. This qualitative research intended to explore their past and present situation

during the time when they are struggling with money. The selection of the participants

was limited to at least 6 Senior High Students only, it would also benefit those who are

only studying in Ilocos Sur National High school.

Conceptual Framework

Figure 1: The Research Paradigm

The study points to understanding the problem between financial instability and

its impact on the educational, aspirational, emotional and mental well-being of senior

high school students. Researchers have identified “Financial Instability” as the

independent variable which represents the factor affecting senior high school students.

Financial instability affects three aspects. First, academic, it focuses on how financial

instability affects students' educational pursuits. It includes challenges such as

academic performance, and disruptions in learning due to financial problems. Second,

“Goals” this aspect seeks on how their goals and plans are shaped by their financial

circumstances. Lastly, “Emotional and mental well-being” It explores the overall

emotional and psychological well being of students, concerning the psychological and

emotional impacts of financial instability on students. The conceptual framework

seeks to provide an understanding towards financial instability among senior high

school students and how it influences their academic experiences, goals, and emotional

states. Through this framework, the study aims to shed light on effective strategies and

interventions to support students facing financial challenges in their academic journey.

Theoretical Framework

In conceptualizing this study, these theories, principles and strategies obtained from

available sources are truly helpful.

The family stress model of economic hardship

Explains that financial difficulties have an adverse effect on parents’ emotions,

behaviors, and relationships, which affect their parenting or socialization strategies.

According to the model, the emotional distress of poverty predicts conflict and reduces

warmth and support in parent-child relationships. These relationship disruptions

contribute to children’s emotional and behavioral problems, academic failures, and

poor cognitive functioning. Conger, (2005)

Investment Model

Economic resources increase the investment parents are able to make in their

children’s development, promoting academic and social competencies. With increased

resources, parents are able to invest in the development of their children, providing the

special care, time, and services necessary to support their children’s emotional needs.
These investments contribute to enriched learning environments, higher standards of

living, and safer homes and neighborhoods. Greater family resources appear to reduce

risks associated with the stress of poverty and help create environments that promote

competent development. Conger, (2005)

Maslow's Hierarchy of Need

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs proposes that individuals prioritize fulfilling basic

physiological needs such as food, water, and shelter before advancing to higher-level

needs like safety, love/belonging, esteem, and self-actualization. Financial

management fits within this framework as it directly affects levels of the hierarchy.

For instance, financial stability influences access to basic needs like food and shelter,

contributes to feelings of safety and security, facilitates peaceful study habits boosts

self-esteem through accomplishments and financial responsibility, and enables

individuals to pursue self-actualization by having the resources to invest in personal

growth and fulfillment. Understanding this hierarchy can teach students on why may

prioritize certain expenses over others based on their immediate needs and how

achieving financial stability can positively impact their overall well-being and ability

to reach higher levels of self-fulfillment.

Cognitive Load Theory

This theory explores how the capacity of working memory affects decision-

making and problem-solving. Students may struggle with financial management if

they are overwhelmed with academic responsibilities, extracurricular activities, and

other responsibilities. Understanding cognitive load can help design interventions that

simplify financial decision-making processes.

Budgeting School Allowance

Budgeting school allowances can help students avoid being short of money and

reduce the problem in case of emergencies. Budgeting money for essentials such as

food, transportation, and school supplies. It is a must especially for those who are

barely receiving money, as they may not know if there is reserve money for the

following day. Therefore, we must plan for the future to reduce our monetary

problems.

Saving Extra Money

Saving extra money can help students meet their needs for the following day,

while also providing a safety net for unexpected expenses, which is very helpful in

avoiding financial problems. Learning to balance money can truly assist students to

avoid financial issues.

These theories and suggestions can provide a foundation for understanding the

psychological, social, and cognitive factors that influence financial management

among students.

Review of Related Literature

This section presents the review of related literature and the studies that are

relevant to the present study.

 According to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (2017), financial

wellbeing is the human condition that provides an opportunity to fully meet their

financial liabilities, feel safe nowadays and in the future, and make choices that allow

them to enjoy life. A comprehensive understanding of financial wellbeing combines

the control over finances, financial resilience and security, as well as financial freedom

of making decisions to enjoy life and achieve financial goals. Cardenas, (2021)

The perception of financial wellbeing combines the sense of security of the

financial future and stressful feelings in the management of individuals financial

resources (Netemeyer et al., 2018). The perception of financial wellbeing from the

viewpoint of impact on individuals, including their psychical health, is combined with

the phenomena of financial hardships, financial condition, tension, stress, and finally,

financial security (Hassan, 2021).

On Financial Instability

Financial instability is triggered by a variety of causes and aspects such as not

good management of money and low knowledge of financial literacy. If it is

experienced chronically, financial stress is then associated with negative life factors

and it is implicated in depressive conditions as well as unhealthy behaviors such as

smoking which implies that it disrupts wellbeing, as well as it disturbs human

functioning. (Lantz, 2005).

Financial instability is conventionally defined in terms of income poverty and it

is measured in different ways, predominantly in terms of income to fill a minimum

level of calories. The society has one important goal, which is the eradication or the
reduction of poverty. This is also the agenda of several international development

organizations. Several approaches towards the reduction of poverty include direct

measures like provision of food, employment and even income to the poor, and

indirect provisions like education, health and other services which enable people to

earn or increase their earnings to get out of poverty. (Tilak, 2018)

It is not simply the absence of financial resources. It is the lack of capability to

function effectively in society. Inadequate education can thus be considered a form of

poverty. Absolute poverty is the absence of adequate resources that hampers learning

in developing countries through poor nutrition, health, and home circumstances. It

discourages enrolment and survival to higher grades, and also reduces learning in

schools. (UNESCO, 2008)

Financial Instability is a major contributor to household instability and the

failing educational performance as well as development of students. Factors such as

low-socioeconomic status decrease the ability for families to provide basic educational

needs to their children such as school supplies, transportation, and more. Paired with

poor support at home, a family's financial status often restricts a child from receiving

the best education possible and ultimately decreases their educational opportunities.

(Abatecola, 2020)

Thus, it can influence the social, physical, and developmental needs of children

and families. It was shown that financial instability affects the psychological well

being of students by negatively affecting their personal life, comprehensibility or the

way they understand their situation as well as their senses of control and self-esteem.

(Byrd and Lange, 1998)

On Parent

From a development perspective, “transition to adulthood” is defined as a

distinctive transitional period (Arnett, 2000). As young adults are expected to establish

financial independence from their parents, developing financial capability during the

transition to adulthood can be viewed as a critical factor to lay the foundation for

successful life outcomes (Lee & Mortimer, 2009). Despite challenging economic

conditions, many young adults gain more independence over their financial status

upon successfully negotiating developmental transitions (Schulenberg & Maggs,

2002). Some individuals, however, may not feel competent about their financial

stability carrying substantial amounts of debt, which contributes to their future

financial hardship (Roberts & Jones, 2001). Therefore, it is crucial for young adults to

accomplish capabilities to manage their financial resources responsively during this

transitional period. (Lee & Mortimer, 2009)

Parents who are experiencing financial stress are less responsive to their

children’s needs, less nurturing, less consistent in their parenting, and more

inconsistent in the discipline of their children. There is also an increased potential for

child abuse if financial stress is combined with parenting stress and aggression

between marital partners. Such parental behaviors may increase the children’s risk of

socioemotional problems such like, low self-esteem, depression, impulsive behavior),

health problems, poor academic performance, deviant behavior, drug and alcohol use,
withdrawal from social relationships, and reduced aspirations and expectations.

Children may become depressed, adopt the hopeless outlook of the parents who are

undergoing financial strain, and lose their sense of personal mastery. This can result in

children and adolescents setting lower expectations for their own careers. Financial

pressure is also related to increased conflict between parents and adolescents,

particularly over the purchase of clothes, games, and lifestyle options. Children

appear to exhibit these problems to the extent that their parents are depressed and

become less nurturing in their parenting. This means that children will not be at risk

for these negative outcomes if parents are able to maintain positive, nurturing

parenting skills despite financial stress. (Davis and Mantler, 2004)

On Children

Instability is best conceptualized as the experience of change in individual or

family circumstances where the change is abrupt, involuntary, and/or in a negative

direction, and thus is more likely to have adverse implications for child development.

Children’s early experiences shape who they are and affect lifelong health and

learning. To develop to their full potential, children need safe and stable housing,

adequate and nutritious food, access to medical care, secure relationships with adult

caregivers, nurturing and responsive parenting, and high-quality learning opportunities

at home, in child care settings, and in school. Research shows that a large number of

children face instability in their lives. They have independently explored different

domains of instability in the supportive structures that predict children’s outcomes.

(Huerta, 2013)
 Children thrive in stable and nurturing environments where they have a routine

and know what to expect. Although some change in children’s lives is normal and

anticipated, sudden and dramatic disruptions can be extremely stressful and affect

children’s feeling of security. Within the context of supportive relationships with

adults who act as a buffer against any negative effects of instability, children learn

how to cope with adversity, adapt to their surroundings, and regulate their emotions.

(National Scientific Council on the Developing Child 2007).

When parents lack choice or control over change, they may be less likely to

support their children in adapting to the change. Stress that escalates to extreme levels

can be detrimental to children’s mental health and cognitive functioning. (Shonkoff

&Garner 2011).

The experience of economic instability causes increased material hardship,

particularly when families lack personal assets. Low family income negatively affects

children’s social-emotional, cognitive, and academic outcomes, even after controlling

for parental characteristics. (Huerta, 2013)

Children of financially stressed parents tend to be more prone to mental health

problems, depression, loneliness, and are more emotionally sensitive (Elder, 1985).

They are less sociable and more distrustful, and are more likely to feel excluded by

their peers, especially if they are girls (Buss & Redburn, 1983). Boys of financially

stressed parents are likely to exhibit low self-esteem, to show behavior problems in

school, and be susceptible to negative peer pressure and alcohol as well as drug

problems (Conger, 2000). Financial stress is related to poorer academic performance

in both boys and girls (Conger et al., 1992). Financial stress was associated with more

symptoms of depression, antisocial behavior, and impulsive behavior in children. It

was reported that adolescents who believed their families were having financial

hardships also reported a lower sense of mastery, particularly for boys. A lower sense

of mastery was associated with greater levels of anxiety and depression. In a different

sample of children and their parents. It lso showed that family financial stress

predicted attention deficit and conduct problems in children. (Conger et al., 2002)

On Education

Children living in financial disadvantage have a greater risk in terms of

educational attainment, and stress, they are most likely in a situation of poor school

readiness such as, failing grades, lack of school attendance and interaction. Students

living in financial disadvantage have also a great risk in terms of stress and that stress

eventually falls into anxiety, and this is all because of the challenges and experiences

they face when it comes to finances. (Edwards, 2009)

Thus, experiencing financial stress is likely common among Filipino students

because most filipinos suffer with financial difficulties for different reasons such as

low income and unemployment. The government statistics suggest that a significant

portion of the school-age population experience financial difficulties. Starting at the

basic education level, almost 20% of Filipino children who dropped out of school

mentioned insufficient financial resources as the main reason for students in education

(Philippine Statistics Authority, 2015). Dropping out of school was most probable
among 17-year olds, especially among those from the lowest income families (Reyes,

Tabuga, Asis, & Mondez, 2015)

But despite the disadvantages of financial instability, most students who struggle

financially decide to make a way in order to overcome the financial problems, most

students make a decision of having to work part-time, which eventually takes away

their time focusing on their academics. Hence, having a part-time job is a good idea

and way to support the finances in education but leads to a lack of studying, taking

much of their time and also poor attendance resulting in their poor academic

performance. (Widener, 2017).

The liquidity constraint hypothesis states that the lack of economic resources

affects children's progress because low-income children have difficulty financing their

education. In short, no money sources affect the children's progress through the

educational system for a reason that they have financial needs and therefore, students

must be supported financially. (Nam and Huang, 2009 )

For many young people, especially minority and low-income children,

attending college is a genuinely desired but elusive goal. Research on aspirations and

expectations provide one way to understand the gap between what children desire and

what they actually expect to happen. Aspirations are sometimes expressed by people

as a desire or a hope. They are not formed through experience or by making

judgments, instead, they are taught through socialization. Aspirations are relatively

stable beliefs that are often maintained even in the face of contradictory evidence.

(Cook et al., 1996)

 The connection between financial instability and student performance has left a

gap in research. It needs more studies to understand how these financial struggles

affect students and society. There is still a lack of research on how financial problems

impact students' decisions and behavior, both in and out of school. Investigating this

can help us develop better ways to improve financial literacy and stability for students

and the wider community. Furthermore, in spite of the fact that the senior high school

students had struggled primarily because of financial problems, they still choose to

fight and try to reach their aspirations in life.

Operational Definition of Terms

The following terms are defined as they will be used in this study:

Academic. It is the educational outcomes and performance of senior high school

students.

Emotional and mental well-being. It is the overall emotional well being or the

feelings of students, as well as their mental well-being concerning their experiences

and struggles towards financial instability.

Financially unstable students. These are the students who struggle in terms of

money. They are part of the group of people who are affected financially.

Goals. It is the plans of the senior high school students in pursuing higher education. It

also includes their dreams and future.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents a discussion of the research design, sources of data, locale of

study, population of study, population of the respondents, data gathering instrument,

data gathering procedure, data analysis, and ethical considerations.

Research Design

This present study uses a phenomenology of qualitative research study, a

phenomenology is a research design that focuses on the experiences of individuals.

This will be the design to be use in this study to understand the experiences and

perspectives of individual students, specifically the senior high students that will be

participating in this study. The use of this research design aims to know the challenges

and the situation faced by these students as well as to open and understand the

perspective of senior high school students with the present study.

Sources of Data

The data of this study will be obtained through the answers of the participants on

the interview. Specifically, the participants from the grade 11 and 12 accountancy,

business and management strand. The answers will be interpreted through analysis to

easily understand the obtained data and produce a general result and conclusion.

Locale of Study

The study “Financial instability: A Journey of SHS students” will be conducted in

Gomez street, Barangay VII, Vigan city Ilocos Sur National High School.

Population and Sample

This study explores the experiences of Senior High Students. The researchers

interviewed students, at aged 16-18, from grade 11 STEM-ABM strand. The

researchers interviewed a small group of students rather than aiming for a large sample
size. The researchers also asked for ethical approval, informed consent, and kept

information confidential.

In criteria based on the following:

1.) The participants must be senior high students.

2.) Has a free time for the interview.

3.) Willingness to participate in the study.

Data Gathering Instrument

Data were obtained by using an interview to gather information in order to make

our research reliable. The researchers prepared questionnaires for the Senior High

School Students to find out their problems of being financially unstable as well as their

ways in solving it.

Data Gathering Procedures

The researchers will follow a strict procedure to be conducted in April - May 2024.

The procedure will be as follows:

a. Secure permission to conduct the study from the advisers of participants and the

participant.

b. Conduct and assist the participants during the interview

c. Explain the objectives and the possible questions.

d. Analyze well the collected data from the interview.

e. Before gathering data, an explanation of the procedure was given. The researchers

then floated the questionnaire checklist to their participants. Confidentiality of

information was assured.

Data Analysis

This study employs phenomenology studies, a qualitative research method that

seeks for personal lived experiences. It focuses on examining the phenomena that

affects every individual in a certain context. When researchers want to investigate and

seek answers for what people went through and focus on their experience phenomena,

the researchers employ phenomenology.

Ethical Considerations

For ethical considerations, before the study will be conducted, the respondents will

receive a thorough briefing and details regarding the purpose of our study. Through

informed consent, participants must give their voluntarily informed consent and be

free to leave at any moment without incurring any penalties. The participants'

information and data will remain unidentifiable and ensure that only authorized

individuals have access to the data.

These following ethical codes are considered:

1. Openness/Informed Consent

This principle ensures that participants are fully aware of the purpose, procedures

and benefits of the study before participating. Providing an overview of the interview

helps participants understand what to expect, allowing them to make an informed

decision about whether or not to participate. Openness includes trust between

researchers and participants, ensuring ethical conduct throughout the study.

2. Voluntary Participation

Voluntary participation says that individuals have the right to choose whether or

not to take part in the study without feeling pressured. Researchers should respect

participant's decisions if they decline to participate at any point.

3. Care

Care involves ensuring the well-being and comfort of participants throughout the

research process. This includes being aware of participants' emotional state, providing

support if they encounter distressing topics, and respecting their boundaries. If a

participant expressed discomfort with certain questions, researchers should skip those

questions or modify them to ensure the participant's well-being.

Chapter II

PRESENTATION AND DATA INTERPRETATION

 The data gathered from the study are presented in this chapter, alongside with

its interpretation. Tabular and textual presentations were utilized for better

understanding of the results to which helped the researchers generate conclusions for

this study. This study seek to answer the following:

1. How do senior high school students with financial instability manage their

struggles in terms of ;

a.) Academic

b.) Goals

c.) Emotional Well-being

d.) Mental Well-being

Variable A : Financial Instability in Academic

Table 1

Significant Statement Category Theme Meaning

Student A Financial No allowance

“Maysa nga rason no apay nga haan nak Instability
sum-sumrek no dadduma gamin ket in Uncertainty
awan ti pagpletek, awan pay balon ko, Academic
ken nagijay nasken nga bayadan ditoy Planning to stop
eskwela no dadduma ket jak
mabayadan” Unprovided
“ “ academic needs
“wen, jak sure no makapag college nak,
nagrigat met gamin, balak ko pay nga ag No freedom of
stop tatta, no maka- graduate nakto ti getting dream
senior high school ag stop nak paylang, course
tapos ag- trabaho, ag urnong tapno pang
college kunton.” Unconsidered
Student B entering
“Ni papang ko gamin ket maysa nga UV prestige
Express driver isu nga makunak nga haan university
nga financially stable kami, ken wen
maapektaran iti panagbasak ta no Finding way to
dadduma awan ti pagprovide iti masapol ti find money.
skwela ngem inggan kaya na ited ni papa
dagiti masapol mi, ited na nga ited.”
“Wen latta ah kasi ammo tayo met nga
nagastos talaga iti panag college ngem kas
nakuna ni papang nga pagbasaen na kami
inggana kaya na.”
Student C
“Wen, kasi uray no adda ti public school,
adda talaga problema mi financially ket
maap-apektaran latta iti pag- basak, kasi
no adda project ket awan ti kwartak nga
paggatang dagiti masapol ken para dijay
school.”
“Wen, tagamin haan ko nga kaya nga
alaen ejay kayat ko nga course, kasi
kailangan ko nga panunuten umuna no
pangalaak ti kwarta tapno lang maalak
ejay nga course.”

Student D
“Kanayon nga problema iti kinaawan iti
kwarta ken siyempre naapektaran met jay
panagadal ko.”
“Wen, Naapektaran nak latta interms of
academic, in a way na i have to attend
class even though i dont have money to
buy my snacks. Kailangan ko pay nga
umutang kadagiti classmates ko and
napansin pay ejay iti mesa nga teacher
ko.”
“ wen, naapektaran talaga jay planok to
the point haan ko kinonsider ti ag enroll
dagijay nasyaat nga universities uray no
kul-kuliten nak agijay friends ko.”
Student E
“Wen, naapektaran talaga tagamin ket
nagrigat ti agaramid ti paraan no
pangalaak iti kwarta, lalo ket maysa nak
lang nga estudyante.”
“Kinanayon ko nga panpanunuten ejay so
nga kasla narigatan nak nga agfocus iti
klasek.”
“Wen, jak ammo no kaya ba jay kwarta
mi nga bayadan jay tuition ko in th future,
 so nga pinilik ti strand nga related to yanri
course nga alaek, accountancy, ngem ti
kayat mo talaga ket tourism ngem nangina
met so nga nag switch nak ti accounting.
Student F
“Tatta ket haan kami met nga marig-
rigatan ngem adda latta jay times nga
marig-rigatan kami, ngem ite-ted met latta
dagiti nagannak ko dagiti masapol ko jay
eskwela. Kasla haan ko naramdaman idi
ngem no pan-panunutek mari-rigatan
kami gayam haan ko lang idi narealize.”
“Haan, haan nak naapektaran kase haan
ko met idi ammo.” “ Dadduma pan-
panunutek detoy kase baka no sumar-
saruno nga tawen ejay kayat ko nga
course ket mas ngumina kaysa ejay cost
na itatta. Baka ngumina pay.”

Theme 1: No allowance

As per the statement of the participant they have financial problem and one of the
reason why some couldn't go to school is because of having no allowance, they don't
have money to buy themselves a snack as well no money to pay a transportation that
would
bring them to school. Aning no enough allowance gives them a hardship in their
academic performance, attendance and participation.

Theme 2: Uncertainty
The statement of one participant saying “ jak sure no makapag college nak, nagrigat
met gamin” It shows the uncertainty of the participant in entering college, she is
doubting if she could enter higher education because of her situation, that she has only
her father providing their needs, she doubts because of financial instability.
Theme 3: Planning to stop
...
Student A
“Maysa nga rason no apay nga haan nak sum-sumrek no dadduma gamin ket awan ti
pagpletek, awan pay balon ko, ken nagijay nasken nga bayadan ditoy iskwela no dadduma ket
jak mabayadan. Wen, jak sure no makapag college nak, nagrigat met gamin, balak ko pay nga
ag stop tatta, no maka- graduate nakto ti senior high school ag stop nak paylang, tapos ag-
trabaho, ag urnong tapno pang college kunton.”

(“One of the reasons why I can't go to school is because of my allowance. I don’t have money
for my transportation and food and I also can't pay the expenses in school. Yes, I am not
really sure if i can still make it to college because it's hard and i also plan in stopping after i
graduated in senior high school to work, to earn money for my college.)

Student B
“Ni papang ko gamin ket maysa nga UV Express driver isu nga makunak nga haan nga
financially unstable kami, ken wen maapektaran iti panagbasak ta no dadduma awan ti
pagprovide iti masapol ti skwela ngem inggan kaya na ited ni papa dagiti masapol mi, ited
na nga ited.”Wen latta ah kasi ammo tayo met nga nagastos talaga iti panag college ngem
kas nakuna ni papang nga pagbasaen na kami inggana kaya na.”

(“ My father is UV express driver that is why i can’t say that we are not financial unstable
but yes i am still affected in terms of academic, because i cannot provide the neccesities
in school but as long as my father can work, he can still provide us what we need. Yes,
because we know that college is really expensive but my father we will send us to college
as long as he can.”)

Student C
“Wen, kasi uray no adda ti public school, adda talaga problema mi financially ket maap-
apektaran latta iti pag- basak, kasi no adda project ket awan ti kwartak nga paggatang
dagiti masapol ken para dijay school.”
“Wen, tagamin haan ko nga kaya nga alaen ejay kayat ko nga course, kasi kailangan ko
nga panunuten umuna no pangalaak ti kwarta tapno lang maalak ejay nga course.”

(“Yes. Because even

though there's a public school government provided us, being financially unstable affected
us whenever there's a project because i lack of money to buy the things we needed for
school.”
“Yes. Because I can't have the freedom to choose the course I want in college because I
need to think where to get money just so I can afford it.” )
Student D
“Kanayon nga problema iti kinaawan iti kwarta ken siyempre naapektaran met jay
panagadal ko.”
“Wen, Naapektaran nak latta interms of academic, in a way na i have to attend class even
though i dont have money to buy my snacks. Kailangan ko pay nga umutang kadagiti
classmates ko and napansin pay ejay iti mesa nga teacher ko.”
“ wen, naapektaran talaga jay planok to the point haan ko kinonsider ti ag enroll dagijay
nasyaat nga universities uray no kul-kuliten nak agijay friends ko.”

(“Financial has always been the problem and ofcourse my academic performance was
affected in a way that i have to attend class even though i don’t have money to buy my
snacks, i need to borrow some money to my classmates and even one of my teachers
notice it.” “Yes my plans were really affected to the point that i never consider to enroll
myself in the prestige universities, even though my friends were encouraging me to try.”)

Student E
“Wen, naapektaran talaga tagamin ket nagrigat ti agbirok ti paraan no pangalaak iti
kwarta, lalo ket maysa nak lang nga estudyante.”
“Kinanayon ko nga panpanunuten ejay so nga kasla narigatan nak nga agfocus iti
klasek.”“Wen, jak ammo no kaya ba jay kwarta mi nga bayadan jay tuition lko in th
future, so nga pinilik ti strand nga related to yanri course nga alaek, accountancy, ngem ti
kayat mo talaga ket tourism ngem nangina met so nga nag switch nak ti accounting.

(“Yes, it was really affected because it is so hard to my a way on where could i get money,
esprcially that i am a student.” “I always think about it, that is why i find it hard to focus
on my class.” “Yes, I am not really sure if our money is enough to pay my tuition fee in
the near future, so I choose a strand that is related to my future course which is
accountancy, but honestly i really want to get tourism but it’s expensive that is why i
switch to accounting.”
Student F
“Tatta ket haan kami met nga marig-rigatan ngem adda latta jay times nga marig-rigatan
kami, ngem ite-ted met latta dagiti nagannak ko dagiti masapol ko jay eskwela. Kasla haan
ko naramdaman idi ngem no pan-panunutek mari-rigatan kami gayam haan ko lang idi
narealize.” “Haan, haan nak naapektaran kase haan ko met idi ammo.” “ Dadduma pan-
panunutek detoy kase baka no sumar-saruno nga tawen ejay kayat ko nga course ket mas
ngumina kaysa ejay cost na itatta. Baka ngumina pay.”
(“As of now we’are not stuggling that much but there were times that we struggled but
my parents provided me the materials that i need in school. Like i didn’t feel that time.
But as i go back, I can see that nad s-struggle pala kami noon pero hindi ko lang
narealize at that time.” “No, it didn’t affect me because i wasn’t aware.” ‘for some
reason, I think about this more often because maybe in the next few years, the course
the i’ll be having maybe its gonna be more expensive than the cost of today. It might
cost more expensive”)

Variable B: Goals

Table 2

Significant Statement Category Theme Meaning

Student A Financial
“wen, kasi etoy garud financial, diba kaadwan Instability in
met ti problema talaga no ag college ka ket terms of
kwarta, ngem jak lang ammo no kasanon to goals
panggep pay ejay kwarta ket kasla haan ko pay
sure no makapag graduate nak ti college kasi
diba nag ngina garud ti tuition kada kua.”
“wen, amman simmabali jay kwak kanyak kasi
diba ti kayat ko kuma nga alaen intunno college
nak ket nursing ngem nangina garud so nga kasla
ag take nak latta ti sabali nga coursen ta isun to i
graduate kon, sa nak to ag doble ag basa no
makapag work to or no addan to urnongen
kasjay.”
Student B
“Syempre wen kasi number 1 talaga nga
masapol iti panag abot ti pangarap keh kwarta”
 “Wen ah, adda pay jay time nga makapanonot
nak nga jak agbasan ta agtrabaho nak lattan”
Student C
“Yes because we can't deny the fact that being
financially unstable is an obstacle for our goal
and we need money to achieve those.”
“Not at all.”
“Being financially unstable really hinders me to
achieve my goals.”
Student D
“ Wen, naapektaran talaga dagijay planok kenni
desisyon.
“wen”
“ wen”
Student E
“Wen, kasi pa-oanunutek nga ksanon no haan ko
kaya nga tuparen ejay gapu ti kinaawan ti
kwarta. Eta ti saludsud nga adda latta kanyak.”
“Wen, kasi kasla jay answer ko jay immuna nga
question, nagswitch nak ti accountancy from
tourism kase haan mi nga kaya ejay nga course,”
“kunada ket ti kinarigat ket haan kano nga
hadlang ejay ti panagbasa ngem iti kinapudno na
ket amman, maysa ejay nga hadlang kase no
dadduma kami lang maaddaan ti kwarta na ken
para lang ti inaldaw- aldaw mi nga panag biyag
ejay.”
Student F
“Wen simmabali, mas naapreciate ko agijay ban-
banag kaysa lang iduron ida paadayo,
Like dapat ina-appreciate mo yung mga bagay
na meron ka ngayon before it's too late. Kasi
importante din yung kinikip mo yung mga bagay
nayon to pursue your goals.” “ Haan met unay.”
“Haan, kasi ammok toy bag-bagik, ammok nga
adda latta ti solusyon ti maysa nga problema.”

Student A
“wen, kasi etoy garud financial, diba kaadwan met ti problema talaga no ag college ka
ket kwarta, ngem jak lang ammo no kasanon to panggep pay ejay kwarta ket kasla
haan ko pay sure no makapag graduate nak ti college kasi diba nag ngina garud ti
tuition kada kua.”“Wen, amman simmabali jay kwak kanyak kasi diba ti kayat ko
kuma nga alaen intunno college nak ket nursing ngem nangina garud so nga kasla ag
take nak latta ti sabali nga coursen ta isun to i graduate kon, sa nak to ag doble ag basa
no makapag work to or no addan to urnongen kasjay.”

(Yes, because of financial problem, and mostly, whenever we enter college the first
problem really is about money, but i just really don’t know how to solved the problem
interms of money because i am nt even sure if i can graduate college beacause the
tuition fee is expensive.” “ Yes, my goals has change because what really want to get
in college is nursing but because it it expensive, I’ll just take another course. Then I’ll
go to college again i can work and earn.”)

Student B
“Syempre wen kasi number 1 talaga nga masapol iti panag abot ti pangarap keh
kwarta”
“Wen ah, adda pay jay time nga makapanonot nak nga jak agbasan ta agtrabaho nak
lattan.

(“ Ofcourse yes, One thing that is needed in order to get your dreams is money.””Yes,
there was even this time that i think of stopping in going to school and I’ll just choose
to work.”)
Student C
“Wen kasi haan tayo met nga maipag kaila nga no awan ti kwarta ket maysa ejay nga
pagsubok iti panag abot tayo agiti kayat tayo, masapol tayo iti kwarta tapno lang maala
agijay.”” Haan met” “ Iti kinaawan iti kwarta ket maysa nga harang kanyak tapno
maalak dagijay kayat ko.”
(“Yes because we can't deny the fact that being financially unstable is an obstacle for
our goal and we need money to achieve those.”
“Not at all.”
“Being financially unstable really hinders me to achieve my goals.”)
Student D
“ Wen, naapektaran talaga dagijay planok kenni desisyon.
“wen”
“ wen”
( Yes, my plans and decisions were affected”. “Ofcourse”. “Yes”)

Student E
“We, kasi pa-oanunutek nga ksanon no haan ko kaya nga tuparen ejay gapu ti
kinaawan ti kwarta. Eta ti saludsud nga adda latta kanyak.”
“We, kasi kasla jay answer ko jay immuna nga question, nagswitch nak ti accountancy
from tourism kase haan mi nga kaya ejay nga course,”
“kunada ket ti kinarigat ket haan kano nga hadlang ejay ti panagbasa ngem iti
kinapudno na ket amman, maysa ejay nga hadlang kase no dadduma kami lang
maaddaan ti kwarta na ken para lang ti inaldaw- aldaw mi nga panag biyag ejay.”
(Yes, it affects my goals necause of the worry that what if i can’t make it without
money? That question will remain beyond me.””Yes, because as i answer to previous
questions, I switched to accountancy from tourism because we can’t afford it.,” “They
sais that poverty is not a hindrance on studying when in fact, it’s really a hindrance
because we barely have money and it’s only for our everyday living.”)
Student F
“Wen simmabali, mas naapreciate ko agijay ban-banag kaysa lang iduron ida paadayo,
Like dapat ina-appreciate mo yung mga bagay na meron ka ngayon before it's too late.
Kasi importante din yung kinikip mo yung mga bagay nayon to pursue your goals.” “
Haan met unay.” “Haan, kasi ammok toy bag-bagik, ammok nga adda latta ti solusyon
ti maysa nga problema.”
(Yes, it changed my perspective to appreciate things more than just to shove it all up.
Like you should appreciate the thimgs that you have before it’s too late. Because it is
also important to keep the things right now to pursue your goals” “Not that much”
“No, I know in myself that there is always a solution to a problem.”)
Variable C : emotional

Table 3

Significant Statement Category Theme Meaning

Student A Financial
“Amman latta ah, maap appektaran nak latta.” Instability in
“hmm, ejay no once met ngamin nga ag- Emotional
overthink nak ket maisangut ko met latta, kasla Well-being
no ag overthink kadagiti kasta nga bambanagen
ket mapan latta jay part nga ag do-down nakon.”
“ adda met dagiti mang mot-motivate ken mang
ad-advise kanyak nga kayam to deta, kayam
eta,nga think positively lang , pray kenni god.”
Student B
“Wen kasi jak i ulbod nga sangsangitak dagitoy
kakastoy nga klase ti problema”
“Keh isu garud deta mas lalo nak nga nagbalin
nga mannangit, lalo no maproblemaan nak unay
ti pangalaak ti igatang ko ti kastoy kasta, tanga
nga makasangitak”
“As a student keh iovovercome ko amin nga
rigat nga mapaspasarak ta ammok nga worth it
to metlang amin dagitoy nga rigat ko, ken adda
dagiti gagayyem ko pamilyak ken bf ko nga
mangpalpalag an ti marikriknak, isuda ti
inspirasyon ko tapno lumaban.
problema.”
Student C
“Wen, gamin ma-stress nak no dadduma ti
kastoy nga klase ti problema.” “Naaapektaran
nak by having low self esteem kase kasla nak
failure no haan ko nga maala jay kayat ko ngem
dagijay dadduma maala da insigida.”
“Agpanunut nak latta ti nasyaaten .”

Student D
“Yes, naapektaran nak emotionally”
“ Gapu ta naapektaran nak kasla nag balin nak
nga moody most of the time, ma st-stress nak
since kinanayon ko nga talaga nga pan-
panunuten ejay, so nga nadaras nga agsabali ti
emotion to sometimes.”
“mahan-handle ko met through praying and
 keeping in mind that god will always make a
way for me tapno maovercome ko agituy
challenges ko.”
Student E
“wen, kasi pan-panunurek nga siguro baka haan
ko nga maachive etoy gapu iti financial
problems.” “Kinanayon nga isu iti pan-
panunutek ngem handle ko ejay ti usto nga
paraan.’
“haan unay nga panunutek ken just ko with the
flow.
Student F
“Wen, naapteran nak, ag mang-mangit nak latta
no malagip ko jay times nga marigrigatn kami.”
“ Naapektaran in a way nga ag o-overthink nak
ken kasla jay inbagak agma-mangit nak.” “ ag
kar-kararag nak kenni apo siyempre. Ejay ti
umuna nga ubraek no adda problemak nga haan
ko nga maibaga kadagiti sabali, i surrender ko
kenni god, kasjay ko nga ihandle ken ag mangit
nak to manen then okay ton.”

Student A
“Amman latta ah, maap appektaran nak latta.”
“hmm, ejay no once met ngamin nga ag-overthink nak ket maisangit ko met latta,
kasla no ag overthink kadagiti kasta nga bambanagen ket mapan latta jay part nga ag
do-down nakon.” “ adda met dagiti mang mot-motivate ken mang ad-advise kanyak
nga kayam to deta, kayam eta,nga think positively lang , pray kenni god.”
(Yes, I'm still affected.””Hmm, Once I start overthinking i always end up crying, Its
like when i start overthinking it will always end up to my down state.” “There are
people who motivates and gives advice sayong that you can do it, just think positive
and pray to god.”)
Student B
“Wen kasi jak i ulbod nga sangsangitak dagitoy kakastoy nga klase ti problema”
“Keh isu garud deta mas lalo nak nga nagbalin nga mannangit, lalo no maproblemaan
nak unay ti pangalaak ti igatang ko ti kastoy kasta, tanga nga makasangitak”
“As a student keh iovovercome ko amin nga rigat nga mapaspasarak ta ammok nga
worth it to metlang amin dagitoy nga rigat ko, ken adda dagiti gagayyem ko pamilyak
ken bf ko nga mangpalpalag an ti marikriknak, isuda ti inspirasyon ko tapno lumaban
ti
problema.”
( Yes, I will never deny myself of crying because of this kind of problem.”” That is one
of the reason why i became more emotional, especially when i think on where could i
get money to buy think like and like that.””As a student i always try to overcome this
hardships because i know that this hardships are worth it, there are my friends, my
family and boyfriend who's there to make me feel at ease, there are my inspiration to
fight every problem.”)

Student C
“Wen, gamin ma-stress nak no dadduma ti kastoy nga klase ti problema.”
“Naaapektaran nak by having low self esteem kase kasla nak failure no haan ko nga
maala jay kayat ko ngem dagijay dadduma maala da insigida.” “Agpanunut nak latta ti
nasyaaten .”
(“ Yes, because I feel overwhelmed sometimes by this type of a problem”
“ Being financially unstable affected my emotional well being by having a low self
esteem because I felt like a failure whenever I can't have the things that I want when
others can have it as granted.”“ Being financially unstable affected my emotional well
being by having a low self esteem because I felt like a failure whenever I can't have
the things that I want when others can have it as granted.”” I just think positively.”)
Student D
“Yes, naapektaran nak emotionally”
“ Gapu ta naapektaran nak kasla nag balin nak nga moody most of the time, ma st-
stress nak since kinanayon ko nga talaga nga pan-panunuten ejay, so nga nadaras nga
agsabali ti emotion to sometimes.”
“mahan-handle ko met through praying and keeping in mind that god will always
make a way for me tapno maovercome ko agituy challenges ko.”
(Yes, I am affected emotionally.” “Because i was affected, i feel like i became a moody
person most of the time, I feel stress since I think about it too much, that is it is so easy
change my mood sometimes.” “ I handled this through praying and keeping in my
mind tha god will always make a way for me to overcome my challenges.” )

Student E
“wen, kasi pan-panunurek nga siguro baka haan ko nga maachive etoy gapu iti
financial problems.” “Kinanayon nga isu iti pan-panunutek ngem handle ko ejay ti
usto nga paraan.’ “haan unay nga panunutek ken just ko with the flow.”
(Yes, it really affects me because of the thought that maybe i;m not gonna make it
because of financial problems.””Through thinking of it too much but i handled it in a
right way.” “By not thinking of it and just go with the flow.”)
Student F
“Wen, naapteran nak, ag mang-mangit nak latta no malagip ko jay times nga
marigrigatn kami.” “ Naapektaran in a way nga ag o-overthink nak ken kasla jay
inbagak agma-mangit nak.” “ ag kar-kararag nak kenni apo siyempre. Ejay ti umuna
nga ubraek no adda problemak nga haan ko nga maibaga kadagiti sabali, i surrender ko
kenni god, kasjay ko nga ihandle ken ag mangit nak to manen then okay ton.”
(“Ofcourse, it affected me. Like I tend to cry when i remember the times we struggled
a bit before.” “It affected me in a way that i did overthinking and as i said before then
i cry.” “ I pray to god, of course. That’s the first thing i do when i have battles or
problems that i can’t tell to others, I just surrender to god. That’s how i handled it.
And after some time i will again then it will be okay.”)

Variable D: Mental

Table 4

Significant Statement Category Them Meanin

e g
Student A Financial
“wen, adda latta, kanayon ko pan-panunutrn no Instability in
kasano, kasano no adda mapasamak nga parang emotional
haan nga usto wenno nasyaat kenni papang well-being
kasanon to jay pinagbasak ken jay kabsat kon”
“Kuwa lang, tiwala lang kasjay (laughs) wen
ken kunana ni papang ket haan mo paylang
unay nga panunuten no aniya ti mapasamak in
the future , dapat ketitatta ken no kasanom nga
solbaren ejay no kasanom nga, ngasakbayam to
para jay future mo, kasla kasjay.”
Student B
Wen kas nakunak tattay, mapanpanonot ko no
dadduma nga agsardengen gapo iti kinarigat ti
panagbiag'n
“Para kanyak dadduma keh maapapektaran nak
latta met ken adda latta jak panagpanpanonot ko
ti aglalaoken.”
“Number 1 keh ag kararag talaga ken
agtiwtiwala nak lang toy bagbagik nga kayak
amin nga pagsubok nga sumangbay kanyak”

Student C
“ Haan, kase uray no marig-rigatan nak
financially haan ko kyat iti agsardeng ti agbasa
ken mapan iti eskwela. Kasi mamatiak nga ti
edukasyon lang ti maysa nga solusyon tapno
maikkat ko jay kinarigat iti pamiyak.” “
Dadduma mais-stress nak nga pan-panunuten
no kasanok nga maaddaan iti kwarta para dagiti
masapol ko jay school.”
“ Ngem uray mastess nak. Haan ko nga binay-
bayaan ejay nga kanen na iti panunut ko.”
Student D
“ Uray no adda problema mi in terms of finacial
ket haan ko met napan-panunut ti agsardeng ti
agbasa”.
“Wen, aminek mentally maap-apektaran nak
talaga.”
“Uray no adda problema mi nga kasla iti
financial, I still manage to work on my mental
weel-being, paying more attention to other
things kaysa ag overthink.”
Student E
“ Haan, uray no marig-rigatan nak in terms ti
kwarta ket haan nak nagpanunut nga haan ko
nga malpas ti panagbasak kasi adda ti pangarap
ko, adda inspirasyon ko tapno makaadal.”
“We, kasi kinanayon ko talaga nga panunuten
ejay.” “ Ihan-handle ko met ejat jay paraan nga
i dis-distract ko jay sarilik ken haan ko unay
nga pan-panunuten.”
Student F
”Haan, ammok toy bagik, ammok nga adda
latta iti parran tapno maka biruk tayo ti
solusyon iti maysa nga problema. “ Naap-
apektaran jay paraan nga ag o-overthink nak
unay ngem napadasak met idi ejayen songa
okay nakon tattan.”“I’m dooing okay.” “To
work harder in school, to study harder kase iti
maysa nga goals tayo bilang maysa nga
estudyante ket agbasa ken tapnomatulungak to
jay parents ko, maikkan ida ti nasyaat nga biyag
kas jay panangted da kanya tayo iti kasjay a
biyag.”
Student A
“wen, adda latta, kanayon ko pan-panunutrn no kasano, kasano no adda mapasamak
nga parang haan nga usto wenno nasyaat kenni papang kasanon to jay pinagbasak ken
jay kabsat kon”
“Kuwa lang, tiwala lang kasjay (laughs) wen ken kunana ni papang ket haan mo
paylang unay nga panunuten no aniya ti mapasamak in the future , dapat ketitatta ken
no kasanom nga solbaren ejay no kasanom nga, ngasakbayam to para jay future mo,
kasla kasjay.”
( Yes, I always think what if there is something bad would happen to my father, How
would be my education and how would be my sister.” “ Just believe and my father
said that do not yet think on what il happen in the future, instead think of the present
and think on how will you solve this, as well as on how you are gonna secure your
future.”)

Student B
“Wen kas nakunak tattay, mapanpanonot ko no dadduma nga agsardengen gapo iti
kinarigat ti panagbiag'n“Para kanyak dadduma keh maapapektaran nak latta met ken
adda latta jak panagpanpanonot ko ti aglalaoken.”“Number one keh ag kararag talaga
ken agtiwtiwala nak lang toy bagbagik nga kayak amin nga pagsubok nga sumangbay
kanyak”
(Yes just like what i have said earlier, sometimes i think myself of stopping because of
the hardships in life.” “ For me, I am still affected and there are still the time were i
would thinkunnecessary things.””Number one is just pray and trust myself that i can
fight all challenges that will come to me.”)
Student C
“ Haan, kase uray no marig-rigatan nak financially haan ko kyat iti agsardeng ti agbasa
ken mapan iti eskwela. Kasi mamatiak nga ti edukasyon lang ti maysa nga solusyon
tapno maikkat ko jay kinarigat iti pamiyak.” “ Dadduma mais-stress nak nga pan-
panunuten no kasanok nga maaddaan iti kwarta para dagiti masapol ko jay school.”
“ Ngem uray mastess nak. Haan ko nga binay-bayaan ejay nga kanen na iti panunut
ko.”
(“No. Just because I have difficulties financially, doesn't mean I can just stop from
learning and attending school. Because I believe that education is the only solution for
me to break down poverty that is tied within our family.”
“Sometimes. I get too stressed by thinking of a way to get a money for my needs in
school.”
“ Even though I get stressed sometimes, I didn't let it bother me that much to the point
that it will eat me alive. Sometimes in difficult situation I just think positive that all
will
be well in future, so that helps me cope up with my financially problem.)

Student D
“ Uray no adda problema mi in terms of finacial ket haan ko met napan-panunut ti
agsardeng ti agbasa”.
“Wen, aminek mentally maap-apektaran nak talaga.”
“Uray no adda problema mi nga kasla iti financial, I still manage to work on my
mental weel-being, paying more attention to other things kaysa ag overthink.”

Student E
“ Haan, uray no marig-rigatan nak in terms ti kwarta ket haan nak nagpanunut nga
haan ko nga malpas ti panagbasak kasi adda ti pangarap ko, adda inspirasyon ko tapno
makaadal.”“We, kasi kinanayon ko talaga nga panunuten ejay.” “ Ihan-handle ko met
ejat jay paraan nga i dis-distract ko jay sarilik ken haan ko unay nga pan-panunuten.”
(No, despite the financial problems , i never doubt to finish my education because I
have dreams and hav einspiration to finish my studies.” “Yes, because of thinking of
it too much.” “I handled it through distracting myself and not thinking much of it.”)

Student F
“Haan, ammok toy bagik, ammok nga adda latta iti parran tapno maka biruk tayo ti
solusyon iti maysa nga problema. “ Naap-apektaran jay paraan nga ag o-overthink
nak unay ngem napadasak met idi ejayen songa okay nakon tattan.”“I’m doing okay.”
“To work harder in school, to study harder kase iti maysa nga goals tayo bilang maysa
nga estudyante ket agbasa ken tapnomatulungak to jay parents ko, maikkan ida ti
nasyaat nga biyag kas jay panangted da kanya tayo iti kasjay a biyag.”
(No, i know to myself that there is always a way to have a solution to a problem.” “It
affected me in a way that i did overthink a lot, but I’ve already done that before so
i’m okay now.” “ To work harder in school, to study harder, because our goal as a
student is to study to help my parents, to give them a food life just like on how they
give us a good life.”)

REFERENCES:

Lange, C. and Byrd, M. (2012) The relationship between perceptions of financial

distress and feelings of psychological well- being

https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.1998.9747824
Abatecola (2020) The impact of household and financial instability have on the

development of young students and their academic attainment.

https://soar.suny.edu/handle/20.500.12648/8959

Lisa, A. and Eldar, S. (2015) The persistence of poverty in the context of financial

instability: A behavioral perspective

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/pam.21854

Wilson,S.et.al. International students on the edge : the precarious impact of

financial distress

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1440783322108475

Nurhidayah Norazlan, Sarina Yusuf, Fatimah Mohamed Hamoud Al-

Majdhoub(2020) The financial problems and academic performance among

public university students.

https://journal.uptm.edu.my/index.php/ajpbs/article/view/52

Conger, Rand, D.(2005) Stress and child development: a review of the Family

Stress Model

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.05.008

Aniek, H. and Bayu, S.(2017) The Importance of Financial Educations against

Financial Stability through Banking Sector and Higher Education

https://www.scitepress.org/Papers/2017/69781/69781.pdf
Celia, R. et.al.(2015) Child Poverty in the Philippines

https://pidswebs.pids.gov.ph/CDN/PUBLICATIONS/pidsdps1433.pdf

Widener, K.(2017) Financial Management Issues of College-Aged Students:

Influences and Consequences

https://firescholars.seu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1063&context=honors

Nam, Y. and Huang, J. (2009) Parental economic resources and children's educational

attainment

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2008.12.002