188. QEP 2024 Theme Globalisation TheIAShub (PDF)

Target 600+ in GS & ESSAY
MK YADAV Sir
MENTORED 1000+ CIVIL SERVANTS
Theme : Globalisation & Indian Society

QUALITY ENRICHMENT PROGRAMME (QEP): TARGET 2024/25
Under the Guidance of M K YADAV
INDEX
1 PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS (2013-2022) 2
- Repeated Themes from PYQs
- Expected Questions For 2024/25
2 THEME WISE KEYWORDS: As per Usage in Body of Answer & Way forward 4
3 FROM THE SPEECHES: PM, PRESIDENT, & VP 5
4 GLOBALISATION & ITS IMPACT 6
5 DE-GLOBALISATION 13
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1 PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS (2013-2022)

2013
GS1
• Critically examine the effects of globalization on the aged population in India.
2014
GS3
• In a globalized world, Intellectual Property Rights assume significance and are a source of litigation.
Broadly distinguish between the terms-Copyrights, Patents and Trade Secrets.
2015
GS1
• Discuss the positive and negative effects of globalization on women in India?
2016
GS1
• To what extent has globalisation influenced the core of cultural diversity in India? Explain.
GS3
• How globalization has led to the reduction of employment in the formal sector of the Indian economy?
Is increased informalization detrimental to the development of the country?
2018
GS1
• ‘Globalisation is generally said to promote cultural homogenisation but due to this cultural specificities
appear to be strengthened in the Indian society.’ Elucidate.
2019
GS1
• Are we losing our local identity for the global identity? Discuss.
2020
GS2
• Is diversity and pluralism in India under threat due to globalisation? Justify your answer.
2021
GS1
• What is Cryptocurrency? How does it affect global society? Has it been affecting Indian society also?
GS3
• Discuss how emerging technologies and globalisation contribute to money laundering. Elaborate
measures to tackle the problem of money laundering both at national and international levels.
2022
GS1
• Elucidate the relationship between globalization and new technology in a world of scarce resources,
with special reference to India.
2
REPEATED THEMES FROM PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS (PYQs)
• THEME 1: IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON CULTURE

- Homogenisation VS. Glocalisation: Local vs. Global Identity
- Indian Cultural Values: Pluralism, Cultural Diversity
• THEME 2: IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON VARIOUS SECTIONS OF SOCIETY
- Women, Elderly
• THEME 3: IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON STRUCTURE/INSTITUTIONS OF SOCIETY
- Economy: Labour market (Informalisation), IPR, Money Laundering
- Technology
-
OTHER EXPECTED TOPICS FOR 2024/25
• DEGLOBALISATION
- The world is slowly transitioning from ‘deep globalization’ to ‘de-globalization’. Critically examine.
Highlight the impact of de-globalization on developing countries?
• IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON STRUCTURE, SECTIONS, CULTURE
Institutions
3
S 2 GLOBALISATION: KEYWORDS
Sr.# KEYWORDS FOR USE IN BODY OF THE ANSWER
1 Glocalisation; McDonalisation
2 Borderless World; Global Village; Global Citizens
3 Promoting 3Ps + S (peace, partnership, prosperity and stability)
4 Human-centric globalisation
5 Cultural Imperialism; Cultural Hegemony
KEYWORDS FOR USE IN WAY FORWARD/CONCLUSIONS

From ‘De-globalisation’ to ‘Deep Globalisation’
6
From ‘Fractured World’ to ‘Shared Future’
7
One Earth, One Family, One Future
8
From ‘Zero Sum Game’ to ‘Win-Win Partnership’
==========================================================================================
4
3 SPEECHES OF PM, VP & PRESIDENT

3.1 FROM THE SPEECHES OF HON’BLE PRIME MINISTER
• On India’s Commitment to Globalisation
-We live by the motto of वसध ु ैव कुटुुंबकम or The World is One Family.
-India is home to one-sixth of humanity. We are mindful of our weight and responsibility. And so,
we have taken “whole-of-society” approach- by engaging our States, our local governments, our
civil society, communities and our people.
• On Desired Nature of Globalisation
- India firmly believes that the path to achieve sustainable peace and prosperity is through
multilateralism.
- We want a globalisation that brings prosperity and well-being to humanity as a whole. In short, we
want a ‘human-centric globalisation’.
- Developing countries desire a globalization that does not create Climate Crisis or Debt Crisis.
- सुंगच्छध्वुं सुंवदध्वुं सुं वो मन ुंसस ज नत म ्, which means: Let us come together, speak together, and
may our minds be in harmony. Or in other words, ‘Unity of Voice, Unity of Purpose’.
- Let us together create such a heaven of freedom where there is cooperation and co-ordination and
not divide and fracture. Let us all get the world rid from its cracks and ‘narrow domestic’ walls.
3.2 FROM THE SPEECHES OF HON’BLE PRESIDENT

• India is recognized as a responsible development partner, a First Responder, and a voice of the Global
South.
3.3 SOME QUOTES FROM FAMOUS PERSONALITIES (FOR ESSAY)

• “It has been said that arguing against globalization is like arguing against the laws of gravity” - Kofi Annan
• “No generation has had the opportunity, as we now have, to build a global economy that leaves no-one behind.
It is a wonderful opportunity, but also a profound responsibility.” - Former U.S. President Bill Clinton
• "Globalization has rendered the world increasingly interdependent, but international politics is still based on
the sovereignty of states." - George Soros
• "I do not want that the walls and windows of my house are closed from all sides. I want the breeze of the
cultures of all the countries to freely move in my house. But at the same time it will not be acceptable to me
that this wind blows away my feet off the ground." – Mahatma Gandhi
==========================================================================================
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4 GLOBALISATION & ITS IMPACT

4.1 GLOBALISATION: DEFINITION
• Globalisation refers to the process of economic, technological, cultural and social interdependence,
interconnectedness and integration of the world through freer movement of capital, goods, services
and people.
4.2 KEY DRIVERS OF GLOBALISATION
4. 3 GRASPING KEY TERMS

• Cultural Globalization: This refers to the transmission and diffusion of ideas, meanings, and values around the
world in such a way as to extend and intensify social relations.
• Economic Globalization: This involves the increasing integration and interdependence of national economies
around the world.
• Political Globalization: This refers to the growing influence and cohesion of transnational governmental actors
and the increasing role of international organizations such as the United Nations.
• McDonaldization: A term used by sociologists to describe a societal shift toward efficiency, predictability,
calculability, and control in societies.
• Global Culture: This refers to the notion of a single global culture emerging, mainly Western, facilitated by the
rise of mass media and the internet.
• Homogenization: The process by which cultures are becoming more alike through globalization.
6
- For eg. Movies & Music (Hollywood movies, K-Pop), international brands (Addidas, Gucci), Adoption of
English language (International Authors), Family structure (Nuclear families, Live in se up), celebrations
(Valentine’s day, New Year, Christmas), Food (fast food – Burger, Pizza), Education (Curriculum), Activism
(Hashtag activism - #MeToo) etc.
• Hybridization: This concept refers to the blending of elements from local & global cultures as a result of
globalization. For eg. Dubbing of Hollywood movies in Local Languages,
• Glocalisation: It combines "globalization" and "localization." It refers to the concept of developing or tailoring
products, services, and strategies in accordance with both global and local requirements. For eg.
- McDonald's - Adapts its menu to local tastes (McAloo Tikki in India, Teriyaki Burger in Japan)
- Coca-Cola-Uses different formulas & sweeteners based on local taste preferences and health regulations
- IKEA - Adapts furniture sizes to local living situations (bigger beds/kitchens in the US)
- Netflix - Invests in local content production (Indian movies and series, "Money Heist" in Spain)
• Revivalism of Culture: For eg. Groups protesting against Valentine Day, revival of Yoga & Ayurveda, Vocal for
local campaigns (local handicrafts, products), focus on local traditional millet consumption etc.
• Cultural Imperialism: It refers to the domination of other cultures by a powerful nation, particularly in terms
of cultural values and norms.
• De-territorialization: This is the severance of social, political, or cultural practices from their native places and
populations. It refers to a weakening of ties between culture and place due to outmigration of a community
(voluntary or forced) to alien land.
4.4 IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON WOMEN

POSITIVE
• Increased Social Empowerment: Exposure to global media and ideas has prompted discussions about
gender equality, leading to shift towards equal pay for equal work, shifts in cultural norms and attitudes.
- For eg, MeToo movement.
• Exposure to New Ideas and Lifestyles: Globalization brings in a flow of ideas and cultures from around
the world, leading to more progressive attitudes towards women's rights and roles in society.
- Reduced exploitative practices like Triple talaq, Child marriage, female infanticide due to pressure
from global community.
- Redefining the traditional gender norms where women are perceived as ‘equal shareholders’ in
family’s decisions, male participation in child rearing & domestic chores.
• Improved Access to Education & healthcare: resulting in more educated women in the workforce.
• Greater Employment Opportunities: in non traditional areas like IT, technology, space, healthcare,
Politics etc.
• Rising number of Women entrepreneurs with higher risk appetite & access to global best practices,
capital & markets.
NEGATIVE IMPACT
• Gendered division of labour- While globalisation has led to women empowerment, it has perpetuated
‘Pink Collarisation’ where women are increasingly been seen concentrated in some sectors, like nurses
→ poorly paid with no job security → feminisation of poverty.
• Dual work burden - Despite greater career opportunities, the responsibility of looking after family
remains a prerogative of women leading to stress, unpaid care burden.
• Informalisation of labour force due to increased contractualization of wok has impacted women the
most as >85% of women work in informal sector ➔ poor social security.
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• Marginalization of Rural Women: While urban women may benefit from globalization, rural women are
often left behind, further exacerbating rural-urban inequalities.
• Cultural backlash: For eg, increased interaction of women in corporate world becomes a cause of
divorce & family conflicts. Exploitation of women in the workplace has emerged as a new challenge.
• Rising vulnerabilities- New evil of “objectification and commodification” of women has evolved due to
globalization which leads to human trafficking, prostitution, and other forms of exploitation.
- Rising crimes against women is also a testimony to male chauvinism where modernity of women
is perceived as a threat to male superiority in the society.
• Mental stress- dissemination of narrow, western-centric beauty standard that emphasizes certain
physical attributes, such as fair skin, slim bodies, and specific facial features creates unrealistic
expectations and pressure on women.
4.5 IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON ELDERLY

POSITIVE IMPACT
• Better health: due to advancements in medical research, exchange of knowledge & expertise, readily
available new treatments ➔ declining cost of health care access & increased life expectancy.
• Access to Voluntary Organizations and international funding – For eg, Apna Ghar
• Enhanced meaning of life by providing opportunity to participate in domestic & global workforce
through remote work, allowing them to contribute to society beyond retirement age.
- For eg. Rise of Silver Economy - Increase in employment opportunities for skilled and experienced
persons e.g. consultants etc
• Increased social connectivity - Video calling platforms, social media, and messaging apps have made it
easier for senior citizens to maintain relationships and combat feelings of isolation.
- Power of Social Media - Baba ka Dhabha
• Cultural exchange has lad to increased intellectual stimulation, personal growth, and a sense of
belonging to a global community, enhancing their overall sense of well-being.
NEGATIVE IMPACT
• Fragmented families: Increased migration for better job opportunities, leaving many elderly individuals
without proper familial support, leading to feelings of loneliness, neglect and security issues.
• Healthcare challenges - Rise in sedentary lifestyles, unhealthy dietary habits, and increased stress levels
lead to rise in NCDs, reduced standard of living, increased healthcare costs.
• Impact of ‘Technological lag’: Loneliness and lack of communication among the elderly and youth.
• Technology-driven primary and secondary sector creates challenges for handicraft-based or other
traditional businesses where many aged workers are associated.
• Rapid privatization leading to a reduction in old age security through pension cuts.
4.6 IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON YOUTH

POSITIVE IMPACT
⚫ Better career opportunities- due to opening of various sectors including finance, technology &
outsourcing allowing youth to pursue rewarding careers both domestically & internationally.
⚫ Multiple Avenues of Exploring Oneself - Bloggers, Stand Up comedians, successful Startup
entrepreneurs (Ritesh Agarwal – OYO rooms) etc
⚫ Skills enhancement- due to exposure to global markets & trends, making them more adaptable in a
competitive job landscape.
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⚫ Youths in rural hinterland are now better exposed to new technologies, progressive idea etc ➔
diffusion of knowledge.
⚫ Civic engagement- Globalisation allows youth to engage in international forums & advocate for their
interests, eg, Fridays for Future movement.
NEGATIVE IMPACT
• Job insecurity - due to competitive markets, demand for specialised skills, rise in outsourcing, increased
exploitation of gig workers etc.
• Rising consumerism- with youth placing more emphasis on material possessions & status. Inability to
meet such unrealistic expectations leads to mental health issues.
• Cultural disconnect- With spread of global popular culture, youth may struggle to maintain their own
cultural identity leading to loss of their own identity.
• Impacted by perils of Social media: FOMO (Fear of Missing Out) Effect; Pathological internet use (PIU)
and depression; False identity and fake profile (Stalking and crimes) etc
• Lack of physical activity: sedentary lifestyle leading to health disorders at a young age (Health diseases,
diabetes etc.)
4.7 IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON LABOUR

POSITIVE IMPACT
• Labour mobility - enabling them to move to areas with better opportunities, enhancing their career
growth & gaining diverse experiences.
• Better wages & working conditions- as global competition incentivizes companies to improve wages to
attract & retain best talent.
• Global advocacy for labour rights- with formation of international organisations like ILO and increased
discussion on labour welfare, eg, Freedom of Association and Protection of Right to Organised
Convention.
NEGATIVE IMPACTS
• Labor Exploitation- Increasing outsourcing has led to poor working conditions for labour, wage
suppression, rising informalization & contractualization, lack of social security in case of gig worker.
• Work-life balance: Increasing migration leading to fragmented family structures, weakening social ties
leading to ‘Marginal Man’ in an urban land.
• Increased mechanization/automation leading to decline in employment opportunities for Traditional
sector workers and displacement of unskilled/low skilled workers.
• Job Displacement- Globalisation can lead to the relocation of industries to countries with lower labour
costs, causing job losses in higher-cost regions due to outsourcing.
• Erosion of labour rights - Globalization can weaken labor unions and collective bargaining power,
making it harder for workers to negotiate fair wages and better working conditions.
4.8 IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON FAMILY

IMPACT ON FAMILY STRUCTURE
• Nuclear Family: With the movement of younger generation for education and employment, nuclear
families have replaced joint families.
• New forms of family: With westernisation and modernisation, new forms of family are evolving e.g.
dual career family, single parent family and live in relationship.
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• Transnational connections- Pursuit of international employment opportunities has led to rise of

transnational migration patterns & with digital communication, family members can stay connected
across borders and time zones.
IMPACT ON FAMILY FUNCTIONS & RELATIONS

• Decline in caring functions: The caring and nurturing functions of family are declining due to
employment of women, rising physical distance etc.
• Decline of traditional authority: The traditionally accepted authority of Husband or Father is declining.
• Declining role in finding life partners: Online dating sites have reduced family’s role in finding life
partners.
• Reduced connections with family as globalized economy often require longer working hours and
increased work-related stress leading to less time spent with family members.
- Individual interests: are becoming more important than the family interests.
• Delayed marriages & child bearing: The emergence of reproductive technologies (IVF etc.) has given a
choice to delay child bearing age for women.
4.9 IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON CULTURE

POSITIVE IMPACT
• Cultural Exchange: Globalization has facilitated increased cultural exchange between India and other
countries, leading to the assimilation of foreign ideas, practices, and values into Indian culture.
• Cultural Hybridisation- Led to glocalisation where local traditions & global influences intermingle giving
rise to ‘unique blended culture’. For eg. Fusion of flavors and culinary practices
• Cultural revitalisation to restore & celebrate the unique languages, rituals & traditions in response to
hegemonic forces of globalized consumerism and dominant cultural paradigms.
− It manifests in grassroots movements, artistic expressions, and ethno-cultural revitalization.
• Cultural revival on global scale- Globalization has sparked interest in traditional Indian practices like
yoga, meditation, and Ayurveda on a global scale, rising popularity of Indian festivals like Diwali,
popularity of Indian Film Festivals like Mumbai Film Festivals.
• Cultural diplomacy- Globalization has enabled India to project its cultural heritage and values on the
international stage, enhancing its soft power and global influence. For eg, International Day of Yoga.
• Media & entertainment- It has allowed Indian artists and creators to reach a global audience and has
also introduced international content to Indian audiences.
− For eg, success of Natu-Natu song, widespread recognition of Indian actors like Priyanka Chopra
and Deepika Padukone in Hollywood.
• Growth of international tourism- bringing in foreign exchange revenue and promoting cultural
exchange→ led to investments in hospitality infrastructure and the creation of local jobs.
NEGATIVE IMPACT
• Cultural Homogenization- Erosion of local traditional practices due to dissemination of western norms
& consumerism observed in spread of fast food chains, popularisation of western attires & Hollywood
movies, often referred to as ‘McDonaldization of Society’.
- For eg, ubiquity of Starbucks outlets, popularity of American pop music, celebrations of Valentine’s
day, Fathers’ day.
• Loss of traditional crafts- Influx of cheap mass-produced goods from abroad has affected the demand
for traditional Indian handicrafts.
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− For eg, Craft Revival Trust reports that several traditional crafts, such as handloom weaving and
pottery, are facing significant decline due to globalization's impact on consumer preferences.
• Impact on regional languages- Indigenous languages, dialects, and traditional practices are at risk of
disappearing due to the dominance of English and other global languages.
• Consumerism & Materialism: The rise of global brands and consumer culture has influenced Indian
society, leading to an increased emphasis on material possessions and changing values related to wealth
and status.
4.10 IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON ECONOMY

POSITIVE IMPACT
• Economic growth- due to participation in Global Value Chains (GVCs), increased FDI, growth of services
sector (BPOs) facilitating outsourcing contributing to rise in living standard of people etc.
• Technological advancements- MNCs bring in innovative technologies and management techniques,
which have spurred productivity and competitiveness in various industries, leading to better prices &
products for consumers etc.
• Infrastructure development- such as ports, roads, and airports to facilitate international trade
enhancing connectivity within the country.
• Export growth- in services, software, textiles & pharmaceutical products seen by rising demand for
Indian generic medicines.
NEGATIVE IMPACT
• Economic disparities- "Glocalization" of industries result in highly-skilled workers in developed countries
benefiting from global job opportunities, while low-skilled workers in developing countries might face
job insecurity and low wages in global supply chains.
• Rising dependency- seen in case of APIs during the pandemic, global shortage of semiconductors,
increasing vulnerability of GVCs leading to increased threat from geo-political situations.
• Increasing vulnerability- Reliance on foreign capital inflows, including FDI/FII, can make the Indian
economy vulnerable to external shocks and sudden capital outflows, leading to economic instability.
• De-industrialisation- Domestic industries in India, especially SMEs, have faced stiff competition from
cheaper imports leading to their closure, causing job losses and economic distress.
• Trade imbalances- Imbalance between imports and exports leads to trade deficits, depleting country’s
foreign reserves and impacting stability of currency. For eg, India’s trade deficit with China.
4.11 IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON POLITY

POSITIVE IMPACT
⚫ Democratic values- growing emphasis on rule of law, and enhanced citizen participation in democracy.
⚫ Enhanced transparency & accountability- due to improved access to ICT, leading to more efficient and
responsive governance practices.
⚫ Changing role of Bureaucracy: from traditional role of ‘maintaining stability’ to becoming a ‘change
agent’ esp. with rising expertise needed in areas of international laws, trade, environment, security etc.
NEGATIVE IMPACT
• Loss of sovereignty- Globalization can limit the autonomy of nations in making decisions that affect their
economies and societies. Membership in international organizations and trade agreements can require
countries to conform to certain rules and regulations that may not align with their national interests.
− For eg, conditionalities imposed on India during 1991 crisis.
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• Exacerbate political instability- It may lead to identity politics, quick spread of misinformation fueling
instability in the country. For eg, use of social media by terror groups to spread fear
• Political tensions between countries in bid to protect the interests of domestic industries, witnessed in
rising disputes in WTO, increased protectionism measures.
4.12 IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON ENVIRONMENT

POSITIVE IMPACT
⚫ Global Platform for coordinating climate change prevention efforts: UNFCCC, Montreal Protocol,
⚫ CSR Programs of MNCs in other countries to address environmental concerns, for eg, Microsoft’s
project to lessen dependence on hydrocarbons & become carbon neutral by 2030.
⚫ Technology exchange- Transfer of environmentally friendly technologies across borders, aiding in the
adoption of cleaner energy sources and efficient resource management.
⚫ Conservation Finance- For eg, Green Climate Fund provides financial assistance to developing countries
for climate mitigation and adaptation efforts.
⚫ Transboundary Conservation Efforts- For eg, IUCN facilitates the sharing of best practices and resources
for protecting biodiversity across borders.
NEGATIVE IMPACT
⚫ Rise in carbon footprint- Amplified trade and transport of goods across borders have led to a surge in
carbon emissions.
⚫ Rising pollution: Oil spills, industrial waste, microplastics in oceans, ozone depleting emissions etc.
⚫ Resource Depletion and Overconsumption: Globalization has facilitated the rapid movement of goods,
resulting in increased extraction of natural resources.
- For eg, global demand for palm oil has led to extensive deforestation in Indonesia and Malaysia.
⚫ Invasive Species: Global trade can inadvertently lead to displacement of native species & introduction
of non-native species to new environments, disrupting ecosystems.
- For eg, introduction of the zebra mussel through ballast water from ships causing imbalances in Great
Lakes region in America.
• ‘Pollution haven effect’- Disparities in environmental regulations and enforcement across countries can
lead to industries migrating to countries with weaker regulations, exacerbating environmental
degradation.
==========================================================================================
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5 DE- GLOBALISATION
5.1 IS THE WORLD MOVING TOWARDS DE-GLOBALISATION?
• Deglobalization refers to the deliberate and multifaceted process characterized by the reduction,
retraction, or recalibration of interconnected global economic, social, and political networks and the
heightened emphasis on localized, self-reliant, and nation-centric paradigms.
• Nations become more inward looking and tend to focus their resources within their territorial limits,
putting their national interests first.
• It entails resurgence of protectionist policies, trade barriers, and regional blocs, ultimately leading to
a diminished level of cross-border integration, economic interdependence, and cultural exchange.
CAUSES OF DEGLOBALISATION
• Geopolitical Tensions: For eg, Russia – Ukraine war; USA-China Conflict etc
• Weakening global governance structures for eg stagnation of WTO negotiations, failure of IMF to
foresee impending subprime lending crises, Eurozone crises, WHO failure during COVID etc.
• Faltering regional cooperation platforms for eg. BREXIT, and resultant weakening of European Union,
US withdrawal from Trans Pacific Partnership treaty etc.
• Protectionist trade policies restricting labour and capital for eg. US imposition of Tariffs & non tariff
barriers leading to trade war, Visa restrictions in US, Australia etc
• Rise of conservative governments and polarized political ecosystems eg. rise of right wing parties in
Europe, USA (“America First Policy”), withdrawal of USA from Paris Climate deal and Iran Nuclear deal,
unilateral sanctions (on Iran & Russia) etc.
• Supply chain Disruption: COVID exposed vulnerabilities in global supply chain forcing the nations to
focus on building domestic strengths, while reducing dependence on global sources.
• Job losses in developed countries - Integration with global value chains has allowed corporates to shift
labour intensive process to developing countries like India & China
• Increasing Inequality - 1% of global population owns 50% of its wealth
IMPACTS OF DE-GLOBALISATION
• Reversal of Peace dividends - The economic interdependence and cooperation for mutual interests has
historically played play a crucial role in ensuring peace & security. But with de-globalization chances of
wars and conflicts may increase.
- For eg. Peace on Indo-China LAC is hinged on economic interdependence between the two nations.
- ‘Water or resource wars’ among nations, that were previously avoided through cooperation &
agreements may become a reality esp. in vulnerable areas like Middle East, north Africa, S. Asia etc.
• Economic impact: Lower growth rates & higher inflation as goods and labor become less optimized.
Economic cycles may become more volatile amid less international risk-sharing and corporate margins
could be pressured, especially among the companies that have benefited from outsourcing labor.
• Impact on developing economies: While deglobalisation may lead to poor countries increasing the
share of domestic industries in the economy, it may adversely impact the success achieved in reducing
global poverty levels.
- Service based developing economies like India, Philippines, Malaysia and other South Asian
countries that are heavily dependent on international trade and investment as a means of sustained
growth will be hit the hardest.
⚫ Impact on innovation and knowledge sharing- Globalization has facilitated the exchange of ideas,
knowledge, and technological innovation across borders. Deglobalization may limit the free flow of
information, potentially impeding the pace of technological advancement and innovation.
13
⚫ Geopolitical shifts - Deglobalization can reshape geopolitical relationships as countries prioritize their
own interests over international cooperation. This can impact alliances, diplomatic ties, and
international organizations ➔ increasing risk of international conflicts due to non-cooperation..
⚫ Labor Market Shifts: Deglobalization can lead to reshoring or nearshoring of production, impacting
labor markets. While this may create jobs in some industries, it might not offset job losses in other
sectors due to changes in production patterns.
− For eg, Gulf countries, heavily reliant on expatriate labor, saw significant changes in their labor
markets due to border closures during pandemic, affecting sectors like construction & services.
⚫ Restrictions on Developmental aid & assistance - Developing countries need international support
from the institutions like World Bank, IMF etc. But, de-globalization will make its economy closed,
leaving it vulnerable at the time of crisis like war, disaster, food scarcity, epidemics etc.
⚫ Challenges of Climate change, Food Security, Terrorism etc which requires united efforts from all the
nations, cannot be effectively dealt with by a divided world.
GLOBALISATION 4.0
⚫ "Globalization 4.0"- a term coined in 2019 World Economic Forum summit, refers to the current phase of
globalization.
⚫ Characterized by the major global changes brought on by technologies such as AI, robotics, IOT combined
with a rapidly fluctuating global economy, social inequality and political tensions both at the international
level and between political leaders and citizens.
FACETS OF GLOBALISATION 4.0
⚫ Rise of GVCs- Neo-globalization is characterized by the fragmentation of production processes across multiple
countries, allowing each nation to specialize in specific tasks within global value chains. This can lead to
increased efficiency and productivity.
⚫ Focus on decentralization: Unlike earlier phases of globalization that were often dominated by large
multinational corporations, neo-globalization allows smaller businesses, startups, and individuals to
participate in global markets and share their products, services, and ideas directly with a global audience.
⚫ Rise of knowledge economy- While traditional globalization often focused on manufacturing and goods, neo-
globalization places a greater emphasis on the global exchange of services, intellectual property, and
knowledge-based industries.
⚫ Rise in concept of ‘telemigration’- Rise of remote work and freelancing is a facet of neo-globalization. It
allows individuals to collaborate with organizations and clients from different parts of the world, challenging
traditional notions of work and employment, placing more emphasis on ‘regional’ than ‘global’.
⚫ Rise of emerging markets- Neo-globalization might see a further shift in economic power toward emerging
markets playing a more prominent role in global trade, investment, and innovation, challenging the
dominance of traditional economic powers.
WAY FORWARD
⚫ Moving towards inclusive globalization that considers the needs and aspirations of all segments of
society, prioritizing environmental stewardship, social responsibility, and ethical business practices to
ensure that globalization benefits both people and the planet.
⚫ Facilitating cultural exchange & mutual understanding to foster a more interconnected and empathetic
world. Supporting initiatives that celebrate diversity, preserve cultural heritage, and facilitate
intercultural dialogue to bridge gaps and build trust.
⚫ Collaborative diplomacy- Promote diplomatic efforts that emphasize cooperation, conflict resolution,
& negotiation. Multilateralism and open dialogue can help prevent tensions and conflicts from escalating
in an interconnected world.
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Target 600+ in GS & ESSAY

Theme : Globalisation & Indian Society

1 PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS (2013-2022)

REPEATED THEMES FROM PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS (PYQs)

• THEME 1: IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON CULTURE

2 Borderless World; Global Village; Global Citizens

3 Promoting 3Ps + S (peace, partnership, prosperity and stability)

5 Cultural Imperialism; Cultural Hegemony

KEYWORDS FOR USE IN WAY FORWARD/CONCLUSIONS

3 SPEECHES OF PM, VP & PRESIDENT

3.2 FROM THE SPEECHES OF HON’BLE PRESIDENT

3.3 SOME QUOTES FROM FAMOUS PERSONALITIES (FOR ESSAY)

4 GLOBALISATION & ITS IMPACT

4.2 KEY DRIVERS OF GLOBALISATION

4. 3 GRASPING KEY TERMS

4.4 IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON WOMEN

4.5 IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON ELDERLY

4.6 IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON YOUTH

4.7 IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON LABOUR

4.8 IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON FAMILY

• Transnational connections- Pursuit of international employment opportunities has led to rise of

IMPACT ON FAMILY FUNCTIONS & RELATIONS

4.9 IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON CULTURE

4.10 IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON ECONOMY

4.11 IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON POLITY

4.12 IMPACT OF GLOBALISATION ON ENVIRONMENT

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