Need and Application of

Tolerance
Example: On Fits, Limits
and Tolerance
 PRODUCTION ENGINEERING

NAME: ENROLLMENT

Abhishek Dhar Dubey 2021BMEC050

Abhishek Pareek 2021BMEC042
Prince Kumar 2021BMEC090
Rahul Tripathi 2021BMEC044
Pradeep Jonwal 2021BMEC092

PRESENTED TO: DR. DEEPAK KUMAR NAIK

Introduction
• Tolerance in production engineering refers to the permissible deviation
from a specified dimension or quality during the manufacturing process. It
encompasses various factors and considerations aimed at ensuring that the
final product meets the required standards and specifications
• It is the total permissible variation in the size of a dimension, that is, the
difference between the maximum and minimum limits of size. It is always
positive.
Key aspects of tolerance
• Dimensional Tolerances: The allowable variation in the physical
dimensions (length, width, height, diameter, etc.) of a part. For example, a
shaft may be specified as having a diameter of 10 mm ± 0.1 mm.
• Geometric Tolerances: These define the allowable variation in the shape
and location of features on a part, including straightness, flatness,
roundness, cylindricity, and positional tolerances.
• Surface Finish Tolerances: The allowable variations in the surface texture
of a part, which can affect its performance, appearance, and the ability to
form a seal.
• Material Property Tolerances: The permissible range for material properties
like hardness, tensile strength, and elasticity.
 NEED OF
TOLERANCE
NEED
• Perfect Fit: If the blocks are too loose or too tight, the car won't look right or work properly. Tolerance
ensures everything fits snugly without being too tight or too loose.

• Smooth Operation: Just like how a door should open and close smoothly, parts in machines need to
move smoothly too. Tolerance makes sure there's enough room for things to move without getting stuck or
jammed.
 NEED
Quality Control: Tolerance helps us make sure every toy car we build is just as good as
the last one. By setting standards for how much things can vary, we ensure consistent quality.

Safety: If parts don't fit together correctly, it could cause accidents. Tolerance helps
prevent this by making sure everything works as it should, keeping people safe.

Saving Time and Money: If we didn't have tolerance, we'd spend a lot of time and
money trying to make everything absolutely perfect. Tolerance lets us find a balance between
perfection and practicality, saving us resources.
Application of Tolerance
Design and Engineering: Tolerance is crucial during the design phase of a product.
Engineers specify tolerances for various dimensions and features to ensure that the product
functions as intended and can be manufactured within feasible limits. Tolerance analysis
tools are used to optimize tolerances to meet performance requirements while minimizing
manufacturing costs.

Manufacturing Processes: Tolerance influences the selection of manufacturing

processes and techniques. Different processes have different capabilities to achieve tight
tolerances or accommodate larger variations. Understanding the relationship between
tolerance requirements and manufacturing capabilities helps in selecting the most suitable
process for producing a part or product.

Quality Control: Tolerance is a key consideration in quality control processes.

Inspection and measurement techniques are employed to verify that manufactured parts meet
specified tolerances. Statistical process control (SPC) methods are used to monitor
production processes and ensure that they remain within tolerance limits, reducing the risk of
defects and non-conformities.
Assembly and Interchangeability: Tolerance ensures that individual components can be assembled together correctly and
functionally. Properly defined tolerances allow for the interchangeability of parts, meaning that components from different sources
can be used interchangeably in assemblies without compromising performance or functionality.

Cost Optimization: Tolerance directly affects manufacturing costs. Tighter tolerances generally require more precise
manufacturing processes and tighter process controls, which can increase production costs. Balancing tolerance requirements with
cost considerations is essential for optimizing the overall manufacturing process and achieving the desired balance between quality
and affordability.
Tolerance
Fits
Types
Fits can be classified under the following
categories:
•1. Clearance fits
If max. size of subgroup is smaller than mini. Size
of hole
2. Transition fits
If tolerance of hole and shaft are overlapping so is
a transition fit.
3. Interference fits
If the shaft tolerance above the hole tolerance.
Thank you