-Cells

Thursday, June 27, 2024 7:08 PM

Normal cells

Organelle Structure Function

Cell membrane -Outermost membrane -Selectively controls substances in &out
(partially permeable membrane )
Nucleus -A Nuclear envelope, chromatin -Contain genetic material (DNA) Difference between animal and plant cell
threads , -Controls cell activities
a nucleolus -Controls cell division and reproduction
Cytoplasm -Jelly-like substances between cell -Site where chemical reaction take place
Features Plant cell Animal cell
membrane and nucleus Cell wall V X
Cell wall ( Found in plant cell only) -Made of cellulose -Protect the cell Vacuole Large central vacuole Numerous small vacuole
-Provides strength and support to the plant filled with cell sap
cell Chloroplast V X
-Gives the cell a regular shape
Chloroplast -Oval structure contains chlorophyll -Contain chlorophyll to trap light energy and
convert it into chemical energy through
photosynthesis
Ribosomes -Small spherical structure -Responsible for synthesis/ make protein
Vacuole -Animal cell: Numerous small vacuole -Controls turgidity
-Plant cell : 1 large central vacuole
Mitochondria/ Mitochondrion NIL -Site of respiration where food substances
are broken down to release energy

Specialized cell

Cell structure How is it adapted to its function

Red blood cell -Biconcave-> increases surface area-to-volume ratio, so
oxygen can diffuses in & out faster

-Lacks a nucleus->has more space for haemoglobin, to

transport more oxygen

-Contains haemoglobin-> binds with oxygen and transport it

from the lung to all parts of the body
Root hair cells -Elongated structure-> increases surface area- to - volume
ratio for faster absorption of water and mineral salt
Xylem vessel (dead) -Long and hollow-> transports water and mineral salts to
flow easily

-Thickened with lignin -> provides support to prevent

collapse of xylem vessel

Chapter 1 (cells) Page 1