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Notes First Aid Including BLS
Notes First Aid Including BLS
First Aid
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Universal Precautions
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Universal Precautions
◊
Types of Wounds
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Types of Wounds
Types of Wounds
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Types of Wounds
Controlling Bleeding
◊ Raise wound above the level of the heart.
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Types of Burns
Types of Burns
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Types of Burns
◊Third degree burns: Involve all layers of
skin. The skin may be charred black or
appear white & dry. The burn may damage
nerve cells so the victim may not
experience pain.
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Chain of Survival
CPR
(Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation)
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Chain of Survival
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◊Children
◊Give shallower breaths
◊Give compressions with heel of one
hand on the sternum.
◊2 breaths:30 compression
◊Infants
◊Take pulse on brachial artery
◊Give shallower breaths (puff of air)
◊Give compressions with middle &
ring finger
◊30 Compression: 2 breaths
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◊ Conscious adult
◊ Stand behind victim, wrap arms around
their waist.
◊ Make a fist with one hand and grasp it
with your other hand.
◊ Quick upward thrust. “J” shape movement
◊ Repeat until object is dislodged.
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◊ Unconscious adult:
◊ Lower victim to the ground and try to clear
airway.
◊ Reach into mouth and sweep object out
with one finger.
◊ If object can not be dislodged, begin CPR.
Chest compressions may dislodge object.
Xiphoid Process
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Humeral Fracture
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Dislocated elbow
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Unconsciousness
Fainting
◊Occurs when not enough blood is
flowing to the brain.
◊ Try to prevent victim from falling.
◊ Lay victim on the floor and elevate
legs. Loosen tight or constricting
clothes.
◊ If the person vomits, roll him/her into
the “Recovery Position”
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Recovery Position
Fainting
◊ If victim doesn’t regain
consciousness within few
minutes…Call 911
◊ If the victim regains consciousness
keep the person lying still for at least
10-15 minutes.
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Concussion
◊ A jarring injury to the brain that can cause
unconsciousness. (Bruise on the brain)
◊ Symptoms include: memory loss, confusion, and
pupils that are non-reactive to light. If
present…Call 911
Animal Bites
◊ Possible transmission of viral
disease (Rabies).
◊ A vaccine can prevent
Rabies if given within
two days of
exposure
◊Treat as an open wound
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Nosebleeds
◊ Caused by injury or by irritation of
the lining of the nose
Nosebleeds
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Poisoning
◊ Poison: A substance that causes
injury, illness, or death when it enters
the body.
◊ Call the National Poison Control
Hotline : 1-800-222-1222
Snakebite
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◊ Call 911
◊ Keep victim still. Keep affected area
below the level of the heart.
◊ Remove constricting items as swelling
may occur.
◊ Use snakebite suction kit if available.
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◊ If allergic…Call 911
◊ Remove stinger by scraping with firm, straight
edged object.
◊ Pinch or use tweezers if necessary.
◊ Wash with soap and water
◊ Apply ice. 10-15 mins. Once an hour for first 6
hours.
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Poisonous Plants
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Poisonous Ivy
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Poison Sumac
Poison Oak
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Anaphylaxis
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Hypothermia/Frostbite
In conditions of prolonged cold exposure, your
body sends signals to the blood vessels in your
arms and legs telling them to constrict (narrow). By
slowing blood flow to the skin, your body is able to
send more blood to the vital organs, supplying
them with critical nutrients.
Hypothermia/Frostbite
Frostbite is caused by 2 different means: cell
death at the time of exposure and further cell
deterioration and death because of a lack of
oxygen.
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Hypothermia/Frostbite
In the second, the damaged lining of the blood vessels is
the main culprit. As blood flow returns to the extremities
upon rewarming, it finds that the blood vessels
themselves are injured.
What to do…
STAGES OF HYPOTHERMIA
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(°F) (°C)
Heat Exhaustion/Stroke
♦Physical stress placed on the body by
overheating.
♦Symptoms: heavy sweating, cold, clammy
skin, confusion/dizziness, nausea, weak, rapid
pulse.
♦Treat by removing person from heat source.
Use a fan or cold water to bring body
temperature back to normal.
What to do…
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Heat Stroke
A dangerous condition in which the body
loses its ability to cool itself through
perspiration
105
or Higher
What to do..
Safety at Home
The accident chain: a sequence of events that
leads to injury.
Unsafe situation
Unsafe habit
Unsafe action
The accident
The consequences
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Safety at Home
Preventing Fires
Safety at Home
Fire extinguishers:
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Safety at Home
Smoke Alarms :
Safety at Home
Preventing Fires
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Safety at Home
Electricity
Overloading system
Inspect electrical cords
Keep cords free of debris (furniture, rugs,
toys…)
Don’t nail or staple cords down
Don’t use electrical devises near water
Cover unused electrical outlets
Safety at Home
Electricity
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Safety at Home
Falls
Keep stairways clear of clutter and well
lit
Fasten area rugs
Window guards
Keep electrical cords out of walkways
Safety at Home
Preventing the 5 Most Fatal Home Accidents
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