P.U.P.

INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS
for

BUILDING
CONSTRUCTION
METHOD
Construction Methods and Project
Management (CIEN 30293)

2nd Semester, Academic Year 2023-2024

Compiled By:

Engr. JOMAR B. ALCANTARA

Part-Time Instructor
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SCOPE OF WORKS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
A – MOBILIZATION,

B – EARTHWORKS

C – TERMITE CONTROL & WOOD PRESERVATION

D – FOUNDATION WORKS

E – DAMP PROOFING / MOISTURE CONTROL

F – CONCRETE WORKS

G – MASONRY WORKS

H – CARPENTRY WORKS

I – FABRICATED MATERIALS AND HARDWARES

SCOPE OF WORKS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION

J – ROOF FRAMING WORKS

K – ROOFING WORKS

L – FINISHES

M – PAINTING / VARNISHING

N – WATER PROOFING

O – SANITARY WORKS

P – ELECTRICAL WORKS

Q – MECHANICAL WORKS
MOBILIZATION A
Is best described as the deployment of resources at the
project site. This also involves any work that is necessary to
provide access to the site including, but not limited to,
grading, clearing and grubbing.

MANPOWER
MATERIALS
EQUIPMENT
MOBILIZATION A
Application in DPWH Projects

Mobilization and demobilization shall be treated as

a separate pay items of works as prescribed in D.O. 22,
Series of 2015. It shall be computed based on the
equipment requirements of the project stipulated in
the proposal and contract booklet. In no case shall
mobilization and demobilization exceed 1% of the
Estimated Direct Cost of the civil works items.
MOBILIZATION A
MOBILIZATION A
D.O. 44 Series of 2012 – STANDARD PROJECT DURATION OF
DPWH PROJECTS
(Duration of Mobilization and Demobilization)

No standard duration was established for projects costing more than

P150 Million. Computation shall be based on the PERT/CPM schedule,
considering the use of optimum additional resources.
Safety and Health A
Occupational Safety and Health is the Promotion and
maintenance of highest degree of physical, mental and
social well-being of workers in all occupation.
Safety and Health A
1. Construction Safety and Health Program (CSHP) refers
to a set of detailed rules to cover the processes and
practices that should be utilized in a specific construction
site in conformity with the OSHC.

▪ Part of the first envelope (Technical Proposal) during the

bidding process

▪ Shall include but not limited to the following:

a. Composition of the Safety and Health personnel
b. Specific safety policies
c. Penalties and sanctions for violations
d. Manner or disposing waste
Safety and Health A
2. Construction Safety and Health Organization
2.A Safety Engineer/ Officer
Safety and Health A
2. Construction Safety and Health Organization
2.B Health Personnel
2.C Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) & Devices
2.D Signages and Barricades
2.E Facilities
2.F Safety and Health Training
EARTHWORKS B
-Involves clearing and grubbing,
excavation, backfilling and
gravel bedding of all structural
foundation footings for
columns, walls, stairs and other EARTHFILL
structural members.
FINISH FLR. LINE
-Also involves the embankment F.G.L
of suitable materials to meet N.G.L
EXCAVATION
the required elevation
established on the line and BACKFILL
grade of the building structure.

GRAVEL BEDDING
EARTHWORKS B
1 General Requirements
1.1 Earth- Moving Equipment

2 Methodology
2.1 Construction Survey
2.2 Finding Grade Level
2.3 Setting Batterboards
EARTHWORKS B
Construction procedure and lay-out
1. Locate the boundaries of the construction site.
2. Clear the site of any obstructions.
3. Determine the building set back from the road line.

NYLON CHORD

BATTER BOARD

PLUMB BOB
STAKES

STAKING AND BATTER BOARD LAYOUT

EARTHWORKS B
4. Fix the intersections ESTABLISHING THE SQUARE

or corners at 90 1/2" x 4’ x 8’
PLYWOOD BOARD
degrees.

2” x 3”

BATTER BOARD
5. Verify the measure- 2” x 2”
STAKES
ment in the plan.
a) Center to Center,
b) Center to Outer Side
c) Outer to Outer side
d) Inside to inside.
EARTHWORKS B
Method on Layout and Staking with the Aid of Instrument
EARTHWORKS B
3 Quality Control
*For Clearing and Grubbing, Removal of Structures, Structure
Excavation:

- If excavated materials are wasted, the volume involved shall be

reported so that Quality Control requirements may be adjusted
accordingly.
*Submit Project Engineer Certificate of Waste

- If excavated materials are incorporated into the work:

*For every 1,500 cu.m. or fraction thereof:
1-G, Grading Test
1-P, Plasticity Test (LL, PL, PI)
1-C, Laboratory Compaction Test
*For every 150 mm layer in uncompacted depth:
1-D, Field Density Test
EARTHWORKS B
3 Quality Control

*For Embankment:

*For every 1,500 cu.m. or fraction thereof:

1-G, Grading Test
1-P, Plasticity Test (LL, PL, PI)
1-C, Laboratory Compaction Test
*For every 200 mm layer in uncompacted depth:
1-D, Field Density
 C
TERMITE CONTROL &
WOOD PRESERVATION
-Are methods to prolong
and protect wood products
and structures from termite
UPPER LOCATION:
infestation WOOD PRESERVATION

Soil poisoning
A process wherein the soil is
treated with chemical solutions to
control and prevent the entry of
termite into the structure

Wood preservation
a process wherein the wood is also
treated with chemical solution and LOWER LOCATION :
SOIL POISONING
are applied directly either external
or internal on wood surfaces.
 C
TERMITE CONTROL &
WOOD PRESERVATION
1 General Requirements
1.1 All labor, materials and equipment to be used in
the completion of the job shall be furnished by the
pest control provider.

1.2 Product demo should be presented which includes

product data and methods of application

1.3 All work shall be done in the order of progress

required by the Owner’s construction program.
 C
TERMITE CONTROL &
WOOD PRESERVATION
2 Treatment Procedures
2.1 Pre-Construction Treatment
2.1a Soil Treatment

Bottom surface and the sides

of the excavation made from
masonry foundations and
basements shall be treated
with termicide concentrate at
a rate of 5 L/ m2 surface area
or as specified by the product
data

Treatment for Foundation Pits

 C
TERMITE CONTROL &
WOOD PRESERVATION
2 Treatment Procedures

Treatments for Masonry Foundation,

Reinforced Concrete Foundation
 C
TERMITE CONTROL &
WOOD PRESERVATION
2 Treatment Procedures
2.2 Post- Construction Treatment

2.2. a Soil Treatment

▪ Cordoning Method
- When there is no visible evidence
of termite infestation

▪Drenching Method
- When the soil shows termite
infestation

Drenching Method along the

perimeter of the building
 C
TERMITE CONTROL &
WOOD PRESERVATION
2 Treatment Procedures
2.2 Post- Construction Treatment

2.2. b Drilling Service

- Is done in order to treat the

soil
under cemented floor slabs.

Termicide solution is injected

through soil injector using the
power machine deep under the
surface to penetrate the hidden
areas susceptible to subterranean
termites
 C
TERMITE CONTROL &
WOOD PRESERVATION
2 Treatment Procedures 2.3a Pressure Treatment Method

2.2 Post- Construction Treatment Pressure treating is a process that forces a

chemical preservative deep into the
wood. The wood product is placed into a
humongous cylindrical holding tank, and
the tank is depressurized to remove all air.
The tank is then filled with the
preservative under high pressure, forcing
it deeply into the wood. The tank is then
drained and the remaining preservative
reused. The wood is removed from the
tank and prepared for shipment to your
local lumberyard.

Pressure Treatment Method 2.3b Non-pressure Treatment Method

- Hot-Cold Bath, Vacuum Process, Double
Diffusion, Cold Soaking, Superficial
Methods
 C
TERMITE CONTROL &
WOOD PRESERVATION
3 Quality Control
Minimum Test Requirements:

1- IR (Inspection Report for materials used)

FOUNDATION WORKS D
(2) main structures
❖ Superstructure- the structural
elements above the ground.
❖ Substructure-usually called the
“Foundation” which is the chief
means of supporting a
building. They carry both the
dead load and the live loads
and their primary purpose is to
transmit the collective building
loads to the underlying soil or
rocks.
FOUNDATION WORKS D
2 Types of Building Foundation
2.1 SHALLOW FOUNDATION

Strip foundation

Mat
Foundation
Spread footing
FOUNDATION WORKS D
2 Types of Building Foundation
2.2 DEEP FOUNDATION
Micropiles Bored Piles Pre-cast Piles
FOUNDATION WORKS D
2 Types of Building Foundation
2.3 JET GROUTING
Ground stabilization procedure that
works on plastic granular materials
using the principle of Ultra High
Pressure Injection of Cement Grout
FOUNDATION WORKS D
3 Quality Control
3.1 Pile Integrity Test

Crosshole Sonic Logging (CSL) Low Strain High Strain

Dynamic Testing Dynamic Testing
FOUNDATION WORKS D
3 Quality Control
3.1 Pile Integrity Test

Crosshole Sonic Logging (CSL) Low Strain High Strain

Dynamic Testing Dynamic Testing
3.2 Minimum Testing Requirement
DAM PROOFING/
MOISTURE CONTROL E
- is a process designed to contain and eliminate the
penetration of moisture discharged by the earth/soils on
the building structures.
- Damp proofing membrane/vapor barrier is a vertical,
horizontal or sloping water proof skin such as asphalt
20mm thick, copper sheets, polyethylene film or any other
materials of various designs and manufacturing
specifications.
- It is placed directly on the slab on fill (SOF) for low rise
building or on the basement floor for high rise building to
form a protective barrier between the soil and the
concrete structure which, in turn, ensure protection to its
architectural finishes.
DAM PROOFING/
MOISTURE CONTROL E
CONCRETE WORKS F
1 General Requirements
1.1 Formworks and Scaffoldings
1.2 Steel Reinforcement
1.3 Cement
1.4 Aggregates
1.5 Water
1.6 Admixture
1.7 Storage of Materials
CONCRETE WORKS F
2 Methods
FORMWORKS AND SCAFFOLDINGS
1. Formworks Construction

Concrete forms shall be mortar-tight, true to the dimensions,

lines and grades of the structure. They should have the
sufficient strength, rigidity, shape and surface smoothness.

Form fasteners consisting of form bolts, clamps or other

devices shall be used as necessary to prevent wrecking the
forms during concrete placement. The use of ties consisting of
twisted wire loops to hold forms in position will not be
permitted.
 CONCRETE WORKS F
FORMWORKS AND SCAFFOLDINGS
2. Removal of Forms
Forms shall not be removed without the consent of the Engineer.
Minimum %
Minimum Time
Design Strength
Centering under girders,
14 days 80%
beams frames or arches
Floor slabs 14 days 70%
Walls 1 day 70%
Columns 2 days 70%
Sides of beams and all other
1 day 70%
vertical surfaces
Forms and falsework shall not be released from under the concrete
without first determining if the concrete has gained adequate strength without
regard to the time element. In the absence of strength determination, the forms
and falsework are to remain in place until removal is permitted by the Engineer.
CONCRETE WORKS F
STEEL REQUIREMENTS
Steel is considered as an excellent partner of concrete in resisting tension and
compression. The design of reinforced concrete assumes that concrete and
steel acts together in carrying load in the state of simultaneous deformation.

1. ) Bar splicing
a. Tension Bar
b. Compression Bar

2. ) Bar Spacing
- shall not be less than the normal diameter of the bars or
40 mm for column, or as specified in the structural design notes.
CONCRETE WORKS F
STEEL REQUIREMENTS
a. Splice location on suspended slab

b. Splice location for continuous beams

CONCRETE WORKS F
STEEL REQUIREMENTS
a. Splice location on suspended slab

b. Splice location for continuous beams

CONCRETE WORKS F
STEEL REQUIREMENTS
c. Splice location for cantilever beams
CONCRETE WORKS F
STEEL REQUIREMENTS
d. Splice location for columns
CONCRETE WORKS F
STEEL REQUIREMENTS
3.) Concrete protection For Reinforcement
Structure Minimum cover (mm)
A. Footing, Footing Tie Beams 75 mm
B. Beams and Columns (to stirrups and ties) 40mm
C. Walls, side of FTB (cast against forms) 40mm
D. Suspended Slab 20mm
CONCRETE WORKS F
STEEL REQUIREMENTS
4.) Details of Reinforcement
a. ) Standard Hooks
• 180 deg. Bend plus 4 bar diameter extension, but not less
than 65 mm at free end of bar.
• 90 deg. Bend plus 12 bar diameter extension at free end
of bar.
•For stirrup and tie hooks
A. 16mm bar and smaller, 90 deg. Bend plus 6 bar
diameter at free of bar or
B. 20mm and 25mm bar, 90 deg. Bend plus 12 bar
diameter extension at free end of bar or
C. 25mm bar and smaller, 135 deg. Bend plus 6 bar
diameter at free end of bar, or
D. As specified in the structural design notes
CONCRETE WORKS F
STEEL REQUIREMENTS
5.) Minimum Diameter of Bend
MINIMUM DIAMETER OF BEND
Bar size Minimum Diameter
10mm to 25mm 5 bar diameter
28mm to 32mm 8 bar diameter
36mm 10 bar diameter

6.) Bending
1. All reinforcements shall be bent cold, unless otherwise
permitted by the Engineer.
2. Reinforcement partially embedded in concrete shall not be
field-
bent except as shown in the design drawings or as permitted by
the engineer.
CONCRETE WORKS F
CONCRETE
1.) Mixing and Delivery
❖Concrete may be mixed at the site of construction or at the
batching plant.
Mixer Capacity Mixing Time
1.5m3 not less than 60 seconds
Greater than 1.5 m3 not less than 90 seconds

❖Delivery of concrete shall be timed and regulated to sustain

continuous placing unless there is delay in the actual placing
operations. The intervals between deliveries of batches shall
not be so long allowing the concrete in place to harden
partially. In no case shall such gap exceed 30 minutes.

❖ Retempering of concrete will not be permitted.

CONCRETE WORKS F
CONCRETE
2.) Storage of Materials
Cement and aggregates shall be stored in such a
manner as to prevent their deterioration or the
intrusion of foreign matter. Cement shall be
stored, immediately upon arrival on the site of the
work, in substantial, waterproof bodegas. The
floor must be sufficiently elevated to deter
dampness. Aggregates shall be stored separately
from other foreign materials.
CONCRETE WORKS F
CONCRETE
2.) Storage of Materials
Aggregate Tests
Samples of the fine and coarse aggregates to be used shall be
selected by the engineer for test at least 30 days before the start of
the concreting operations.
No aggregates shall be used unless certified to have satisfactory
passed all tests, and a written authority has been served for their use.
Admixtures
Admixture Shall Conform to
Air-entraining admixtures ASTM C 260
Water-reducing admixture
Retarding
ASTM C 494.
Water-reducing/retarding
Water-reducing/accelerating
CONCRETE WORKS F
CONCRETE
3.) Conveying / Transporting

Buckets or Hoppers

Manual or
Motor
Propelled
Buggies
CONCRETE WORKS F
CONCRETE
3.) Conveying / Transporting

Chutes Pipes
CONCRETE WORKS F
CONCRETE
3.) Conveying / Transporting

Conveyor Belt

Concrete Pump
CONCRETE WORKS F
CONCRETE
4.) Depositing of Concrete - Column

Drop
Chute

Maximum
Drop
Height

1.50 meter
or less

PROPER IMPROPER
CONCRETE WORKS F
CONCRETE
4.) Depositing of Concrete - Column
CONCRETE WORKS F
CONCRETE
4.) Depositing of Concrete - Slab
CONCRETE WORKS F
CONCRETE
4.) Depositing of Concrete - Slab
CONCRETE WORKS F
CONCRETE
4.) Depositing of Concrete - Wall
CONCRETE WORKS F
CONCRETE
5.) Compaction of Concrete
Concrete during and immediately after placing shall be
thoroughly compacted. Compaction shall be done by
mechanical vibration. The intensity of vibration shall be such
as to visibly affect a mass of concrete with a 3 cm slump over
a radius of at least 50 cm
CONCRETE WORKS F
CONCRETE
6.) Construction Joints
Construction joints shall be made only as shown in the Plans or as
called for in the pouring schedule, unless otherwise approved by
the Engineer. It shall be thoroughly cleaned of foreign matter and
laitance.
CONCRETE WORKS F
CONCRETE
6.) Construction Joints
CONCRETE WORKS F
CONCRETE
7.) Curing of Concrete

All newly placed concrete shall be cured in accordance with

this Specification unless otherwise directed by the Engineer.
The types of curing methods are the following:

1. Water Method
2. Curing Compound
3. Waterproof Membrane Method
4. Forms-in-Place Method
CONCRETE WORKS F
3 Quality Control
Minimum Test Requirements:
a) CONCRETE:
1. Design Mix
1.a Batching Plant – to be prepared by the Supplier
1.b Jobsite – to be prepared by the contractor
2. Conduct Trial Mix (reference only)
3. Submit Samples for:
3.a Portland Cement
1- Q (Quality Test) for every 2,000 bags or fraction thereof
3.b Fine Aggregates:
1- Q (Quality Test) for every 1,500 cu.m. or fraction thereof
1- G (Grading Test) for every 75 cu.m. or fraction thereof
3.c Coarse Aggregate:
1- Q (Quality Test) for every 1,500 cu.m. or fraction thereof
1- G (Grading Test) for every 75 cu.m. or fraction thereof
3.d Water:
1- Certificate from Project Engineer
MASONRY WORKS G
- is a form of construction work equipped with stone, bricks, concrete, hollow clay
tile, concrete block or tile, or other similar building units or material or a
combination of these materials laid up unit and set in mortar.
Concrete Hollow Blocks
Concrete hollow blocks are classified as load bearing and
non- load bearing blocks.
1 Requirements
A. Strength Requirements
a) Non load bearing concrete masonry units – ASTM C 129
- 100 mm thick
Individual – 3.45 Mpa ( 500 Psi )
Average - 4.14 Mpa ( 600 Psi )
b) Load bearing Concrete masonry units – ASTM C 90
- 150 mm to 200 mm thick
Individual - 5.5 Mpa ( 800 psi )
Average - 6.9 Mpa ( 1000 Psi )
MASONRY WORKS G
2 Methods
Block laying after the
concreting of tied
column

Concreting of column
after block laying of
walls
MASONRY WORKS G
MASONRY WORKS G
MASONRY WORKS G
MASONRY WORKS G
3 Quality Control
Minimum Test Requirements:

Concrete Hollow Blocks (CHB )

1- Q, Quality Test for every 10,000 units or fraction thereof

a) Non load bearing concrete masonry units – ASTM C 129

Individual – 3.45 Mpa ( 500 Psi )
Average - 4.14 Mpa ( 600 Psi )

b) Load bearing concrete masonry units – ASTM C 90

Individual - 5.5 Mpa ( 800 psi )
Average - 6.9 Mpa ( 1000 Psi )

For Portland Cement, Fine Aggregates, Water and Steel Bars:

-same requirements as in Concrete Works
CARPENTRY &
JOINERY WORKS H
1 Requirements
Quality of Materials
All materials to be incorporated in the carpentry and joinery works
shall be of the quality specified in the approved plans and
specification. Before incorporation in the work, all materials shall
have been inspected / accepted by the Engineer or his authorized
representative.

Storage and Protection of Materials

All materials under this item shall be protected from dampness or
bad weather conditions during and after delivery at the site.
Materials shall be delivered in advance of actual use and in
adequate quantity to preclude delay in the work. It shall be piled in
orderly stack at least 150 mm above ground and at a sheltered place
where it will be of least obstruction to the work.
CARPENTRY &
JOINERY WORKS H
Shop Drawings
Shop drawings complete with essential dimensions and details of
construction, as may be required by the Engineer in connection with
the carpentry and joinery work, shall be submitted for approval
before proceeding with the work.

Prior to enclosure of drywall partitions and ceiling, the following

controls should be properly complied:

a. Drywall Partition
1. Vertical and horizontal alignment
2. Material specification
3. Complete installation of Electro-mechanical rough-ins
4. Rigidly connected to the flooring, walls and at the bottom of the
ceiling frames.
5. Appropriateness of tools to be used.
CARPENTRY &
JOINERY WORKS H
CARPENTRY &
JOINERY WORKS H
Ceiling
1. Dimension and alignment of nailers/metal frames
2. Material specification
3. Complete installation of sanitary/plumbing and electro-
mechanical rough-ins
4. Properly anchored to the carrying metal channel/wood runner.
5. Complete installation of roof framing and roofing
6. Appropriateness of tools to be used.
CARPENTRY &
JOINERY WORKS H

Metal Steel Stud Furring

Furring Channel
CARPENTRY &
JOINERY WORKS H
FABRICATED MATERIALS
AND HARDWARES I
1. WINDOWS
A. Steel Casement Window
B. Awning Window
C. Jalousie Window
D. Sliding Aluminum Framed Window
E. Fixed Aluminum Framed Window
F. Wooden Windows
G. Others
FABRICATED MATERIALS
AND HARDWARES I
TYPES OF WINDOWS
FABRICATED MATERIALS
AND HARDWARES I
2. DOORS
A. Hollow Core Flush Door
B. Panel Door
C. PVC Door
D. Glass Door
E. Steel Door
F. Others
FABRICATED MATERIALS
AND HARDWARES I
FABRICATED MATERIALS
AND HARDWARES I
FABRICATED MATERIALS
AND HARDWARES I
3 Quality Control

Minimum Test Requirements:

1-IR (Inspection Report for each material used)

ROOF FRAMING WORKS J
1 Procedure
1. Steel frames are attached together by means of a rivet, a bolt or by welding.
Before assembly, a sample of all the steel members shall be tested if they
conform to the desired strength specified in the plans and specifications.

2. Fabrication of steel frames can be done in the field during erection of the
building or at the shop.

3. When punching and drilling steel make sure that the hole drilled or
punched is 1.5 to 3 mm greater than the diameter of the bolt to make it easy in
inserting and bolts through it.

4. Verify if the welding work needs a partial or complete penetration. The

metal surface is set in accordance with the shape needed in welding. Be sure
that the metals are in their proper position before welding.
ROOF FRAMING WORKS J
1 Procedure

5. When the work is completed, inspect if it is welded in accordance with the

penetration length and thickness needed in the construction.

6. Purlins are then placed equidistantly as specified in the plans. Purlins

should have an angle strap and a sag rod to prevent lateral buckling.

7. If all works are done in accordance with plans and specifications, paint all
metals with metallic paint for rust protection.
ROOF FRAMING WORKS J
ROOF FRAMING WORKS J
ROOF FRAMING WORKS J
LENGTH OF WELD
ROOF FRAMING WORKS J
2 Quality Control
Minimum Test Requirements:

1- Q (Quality Test for each type/size of Structural Steel)

1- IR (Inspection Report for other materials
not required for testing)
ROOFING WORKS K
1 Requirements

❖Material Requirements

1. Corrugated and Plain Galvanized Iron Sheets

2. Roofing nails, Washers and Burrs

3. Fabricated Metal Roofing Accessories

ROOFING WORKS K
❖Construction Requirements

A. Preparatory Works
Preparatory to the installation of the corrugated G.I. roofings, purlins
should have been placed and spaced properly to fit the length of the
roofing sheets. The top of the purlins should be at the same plane.

B. Installation of Roofing Sheets

Installation of Roofing sheets with end laps shall start at
the lower part of the roof. The sheets should have side laps
of two-and-a-half (2-1/2) corrugations. Succeeding upper rows
of corrugated G.I. sheets shall be installed in the same manner
until the entire roof area is covered. Screw holes shall be
drilled using a 5 mm (13/64”) diameter bit.
Sheets should be handled carefully to prevent damage.
ROOFING WORKS K
ROOFING WORKS K
C. Installation of Roofing Accessories

a) Ridge and Hip Rolls

Ridge and hip rolls shall lap at least 250mm over the
roofing sheets and, together, shall be riveted at every
second corrugation.

b) Valleys
Valleys shall lap at least 450 mm each way under the
roofing sheets and shall be secured to the framework
with galvanized nails. The nails are placed below the
roofing sheets. Rivets along the side of the valley shall
be fastened at every second corrugation.
ROOFING WORKS K
c) Flashing
Flashing, of gauge 26 plain G.I. sheets, unless otherwise specified, shall be
installed along intersections of roofs and concrete or masonry walls.
Flashing running parallel to sheet corrugations must have its edge turned
down. Flashing across sheet corrugations or at an angle thereto, shall lap at
least 250 mm and the edge of flashing turned down at each corrugation.
d) Gutters
Gutters, of gauge 24 plain G.I. sheets, shall be fabricated to the shape and
dimensions indicated in the Plans. Gutter joints shall be flat seam folded in
the direction of flow and soldered evenly. Gutter shall be attached to fascia
board with appropriate nails or screws spaced of not more than 900 mm on
centers. As additional support, gutters shall have plain G.I. strap hangers 25
mm wide fastened to the roof nailers and shall be spaced at not more than
900 mm on centers.
The gutter shall be installed with a pitch of 1 in 100 sloped toward the
downspout.
ROOFING WORKS K
2 Methods

a. Lay-outing
In laying out the placement for the J-
Bolts, make sure that it will be aligned
near enough to the lip of the purlin
avoiding it to be drilled when making
holes. A guide chord may be stretched
out from end to end of the purlin to
establish alignment.
ROOFING WORKS K
2 Methods
b. Drilling

After lay outing, drilling points should be located at the crown

every two other corrugations of the roofing material (G.I. Sheet)
ROOFING WORKS K
2 Methods c. Installation
In the installation of J-Bolt, two (2)
manpower is required to work
concurrently. One will insert the bolt
through the hole from the indoor
and the other will fasten the nut out
door.

Before fastening the nut, fit a

neoprene gasket then a washer
bigger than the gasket.

In fastening the nut, a nut driver

must be used with precautious
control on the gun to avoid warping
of the G.I. Sheet.
ROOFING WORKS K
3 Quality Control
Minimum Test Requirements:

1- Q (Quality Test for each type of Roofing Sheets)

1- IR (Inspection Report for other materials not
required for testing)
FINISHES L
1 Requirements
CERAMIC TILES

❖Material Requirements
a. Glazed Tiles and Trims
b. Unglazed Tiles
c. Trims
d. Accessories
e. Cement
f. Sand
g. Lime
FINISHES L
❖Construction Requirements

A. Surface Preparation

The surface where the tile is laid must be level, true to

elevation, dry, and free from dirt, oil and other
sediments. Allow at least seven days curing of the scratch
coat and setting bed.

On masonry or concrete surface, first apply a thin coat

with pressure, then bring it out sufficiently to a thickness
not less than 10mm at any point to compensate for
the major irregularities of the surface.

Evenly rate the scratch coat to provide good mechanical

key before the mortar mix has fully hardened.
FINISHES L
B. Installation Procedure
• Before the tile is applied the floor surface shall be tested for levelness
or uniformity of slope by flooding it with water.
• Ceramic tiles shall be soaked in clean water prior to
installation for a minimum duration of one hour.
• Determine and mark the layout of ceramic tiles, joint location and
position of trims and fixtures so as to minimize the incidence of a tile
being cut less than one half of its size.
• All lines shall be kept straight and true to profiles, plumbed and internal
corners rounded using the appropriate trims.
• Pitch the floor to drain as shown in the Plans or as directed by the
Engineer
C. Grouting and Pointing - Tiles shall have been laid in place for at least 24
hours before grouting of the joints is started
D. Cleaning
E. Protection from Construction Dirt
FINISHES L
CERAMIC TILES

1. Layout 2. Apply a bond coat mix (Tile Adhesive)

3. Lay tiles true to profile 4. Keep straight w/ tile spacer

FINISHES L
VITRIFIED UNGLAZED FLOOR TILES
FINISHES L
VITRIFIED UNGLAZED FLOOR TILES

C. Grouting and Pointing

Tiles shall have been laid in place for
at least 24 hours before grouting of
the joints is started

D. Cleaning

E. Protection from Construction

Dirt

Grouting and Pointing

FINISHES L
CEMENT FLOOR FINISH
This Item shall consist of furnishing all materials, labor, tools
and equipment in undertaking cement floor finishing where
shown in the Plans and in accordance with this Specification.

❖Material Requirements ❖Construction Requirements

a. Cement a. Mixture
b. Fine Aggregates b. Preparation of Concrete Surface
c. Coloring Material c. Application
d. Metallic Floor Hardener (Premix) d. Protection of Finished Surface
e. Non-Metallic Floor Hardener e. Workmanship
FINISHES L
CEMENT FLOOR FINISH
FINISHES L
CEMENT PLASTER FINISH
This Item shall consist of furnishing all cement plaster
materials, labor, tools and equipment required in undertaking
cement plaster finish as shown in the Plans and in accordance
with Specifications.

❖Material Requirements ❖Construction Requirements

a. Cement a. Surface Preparation
b. Hydrated Lime b. Application
c. Fine Aggregates c. Workmanship
d. Curing and Protection
FINISHES L
CEMENT PLASTER FINISH
1. Roughen surface to
improve adhesion of
cement plaster

2. Clean surface to receive

cement plaster

3. Apply mortar mix with

sufficient pressure

4. Trowel finish
FINISHES L
3 Quality Control
Minimum Test Requirements:

a) Floor & Wall Cement Plaster Finish

-same tests for Concrete Works on Cement, Fine Agg.
and Water
b) Tile Finish
- IR (Inspection Report for each type of material used)
PAINTING &
VARNISHING WORKS M
Surface Preparation

Surface
preparation for Surface preparation
Boards for Concrete &
Masonry Surface
PAINTING &
VARNISHING WORKS M
Safety Concerns

Appropriate platform, scaffolds

and supports while working on
elevated areas
2 Quality Control
Minimum Test Requirements:
1- Q (Quality Test) for each type for every 100 cans
(4-Liters or 20-Liters can) or fraction thereof
SANITARY WORKS O
Storm Drainage and Sewerage System
This Item shall consist of furnishing all materials,
equipment and labor for the complete installation of the
storm drainage system inclusive of all pipings, gutters,
canals, catch basin, junction boxes, handholes, manholes
and other appurtenant structures, as well as the sewerage
system inclusive of all sanitary sewer pipings and septic
vaults where no public sewer exist, from the building to the
point of discharge.
❖Construction Requirements
a. Installation of Pipes
b. Sewer Connections and Clean-outs
c. Inspection and Quality Control
d. As-built drawings
SANITARY WORKS O
Plumbing
This Item shall consist of furnishing all materials, tools,
equipment and fixtures required as shown in the Plans for
the satisfactory performance of the entire plumbing system
including installation in accordance with the latest edition
of the National Plumbing Code and Specifications.
❖Material Requirements ❖Construction Requirements
a. Water supply pipes and a. Installation of Soil, Waste, Drain and
fittings Vent Pipes
b. Approved alternate pipe and b. Water Pipes, Fittings and Connections
fittings c. Inspection, Warranty Test and
Disinfection
c. Septic Tank
d. Drainage System Test
d. Plumbing fixtures and fittings
e. Water Test on System
e. Roof Drains, Downspout f. As-built Drawings
SANITARY WORKS O
Quality Control
Minimum Test Requirements:

1-IR (Inspection Report of materials used and if completed

conduct Pressure/Leak Test (PT)