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Module 1 Kinematics
Module 1 Kinematics
Motion
• Scalars are physical quantities that can be described as a magnitude, with a unit (for
example, 60km/h)
o Examples of Scalars include time, distance, volume, and speed
o Scalars are represented by a simple italic symbol, such as t for time or d for
distance
• Vectors are physical quantities that can be described as a magnitude, a unit and a
direction (for example, 20m West)
o Examples of Vectors include position, displacement, velocity, acceleration, and
force
o Vectors are represented using VECTOR NOTATION.
▪ The most common type of vector notation uses an arrow above the
• When adding or subtracting vectors using algebra, a sign convention must be established
to represent the direction
o For example, positive for forwards and negative for backwards
o When using a sign convention it is CRUCIAL to provide a key explaining the
convention used.
o Using a sign convention allows you to enter the directions and magnitudes into
your calculator. The sign of the final magnitude gives the direction of the total
vector.
• Example:
o A student walks 25m forward, then 16m backward, then 44m forward, then 12m
backward. Determine the total displacement.
2. Forward is positive
o 25m forward = 25m
o 16m backward = -16m
o 44m forward = 44m
o 12m backward = -12m
2. 25−16+44−12=+41
3. Positive is forward
4. Therefore, the total displacement is 41m forward.
• Example:
o An aeroplane changes course from 255m/s West to 160m/s East. Determine the
change in velocity.
2. West is negative
• This section will explain the terms and concepts of RECTILINEAR (straight-line), such as
position, distance, displacement, speed and velocity.
Center of Mass
• An object’s motion is described in terms of their CENTER OF MASS, a single point which
is the balance point of the object.
Position
• Position describes the location of an object at a certain point in time with respect to the
origin.
• Position is a vector quantity and therefore requires a direction. The absolute reference
frame for the direction is the origin of the object.
• Position is measured in metres.
Distance Travelled
Displacement
symbol →
• Displacement considers only the starting point and ending point
o In other words, the displacement of an object is the straight-line distance
between its start and end points
• Displacement is calculated by subtracting the initial position from the final position
• Displacement is a VECTOR and therefore must have a direction as well as a magnitude
Displacement-Time Graphs
SUVAT Equations