Capacitor with dielectric

Capacitor with dielectric

A A
Q Q

d 𝐸0 d 𝑘 𝐸0

−Q −Q

Charge on capacitor = Q Q
Electric field 𝐸0 = 𝐸0 𝑄
𝐸= =
𝑘 𝐴𝜀0𝑘
Potential diff 𝑉0 = 𝐸0𝑑 = 𝑄𝑑 𝑉0
𝑉 = 𝐸𝑑 = =
𝐴𝜀0𝑘 𝑘
Capacitance 𝐶0 = = = 𝑄 𝑄𝐴𝜀0𝑘 𝐴𝜀0𝑘
𝐶= = = = 𝑘𝐶0
𝑉 𝑄𝑑 𝑑
Energy density = 𝜀 𝐸2 = = 𝑑𝑢 1 2 1 𝑄2 𝑄2 1 𝑑𝑢
= 𝜀𝐸 = 𝜀 𝑘 2 = 2 =
𝑑𝑣 2 2 𝐴𝜀 𝑘 2𝐴 𝜀 𝑘 𝑘 𝑑𝑣

Energy stored 𝑈0 = 𝐴𝑑 = = 𝑄2 𝑄2 𝑄2 𝑈0
𝑈= 2 𝐴𝑑 = = =
2𝐴 𝜀 𝑘 2𝐶 2𝑘𝐶0 𝑘
1 2 𝑄2 1
𝑈 = 𝐶𝑉 = = 𝑄𝑉
2 2𝐶 2
𝐶 → 𝑈0 = 𝑈=
 Capacitor with dielectric
V Q0 𝐴
V Q 𝐴
E0 𝑑 E0= 𝑄0
𝑉
𝑉 k E 𝑑 = 𝐸 = 𝐸0
−Q0 𝐴𝜀0𝜀𝑟
−Q

Potential difference = V V
Electric field 0
0

Capacitance 0
0

Charge on capacitor 0 0 0 0 0
2 2
0 2 0 2

Energy stored 0 0
2
2 2
0 0
 Ex Find
(1) 𝐸1 =
𝑄 𝐴 (2) 𝐸2 =

𝐾1 𝐸1 𝑑1 (3) Potential diff. b/w plate 𝑉 =

𝐸1𝑑1 + 𝐸2𝑑2
𝑄𝑑1 𝑄𝑑2
= +
𝐾2 𝐸2 𝑑2 𝐴𝜀0𝑘1 𝐴𝜀0𝑘2

−𝑄 𝐴 (4) Capacitance of this system 𝐶 =

 Ex Find capacitance
𝐴
1 1 1 1
𝑑/3 = + +
𝐾1 𝐶 𝐶1 𝐶2 𝐶3

𝐾2 𝑑/3

𝑎𝑖𝑟 K1 C1
𝑑/3

𝐴
𝑀𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙
Plates K2 C2

C3
 𝜎1 𝜎2
𝑀𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑉 𝜎1 𝜎2 𝑉 =
𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝜀0𝑘1 𝜀0𝑘2
𝜎1 𝑘1
𝑉−0 𝑉−0 =
𝑑 𝑘1 =𝐸 𝐸= 𝑘2 𝜎2 𝑘2
𝑑 𝑑

𝑂 𝐴2 𝑂 𝐶 = 𝐶1 + 𝐶2
𝐴1
𝑀𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑙
𝑘1𝐴1𝜀0 𝑘2𝐴2𝜀0
𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒 = +
𝑑 𝑑

A1 A2
d K1 C1 K2 d

C2
 𝐸𝑥 A/2 A/2

d/2 k 3k

𝐶3𝐶4
𝐶1 𝐶 2
𝐶3 + 𝐶 4
d/2 2k 4k 𝐶 1 + 𝐶2

𝐶1𝐶2 𝐶3𝐶4
𝐶𝑒𝑔 = +
C3
𝐶1 + 𝐶2 𝐶3 + 𝐶4
C1

C4
C2
 𝑘𝐴/2𝜀0
𝐶1 =
𝑑/2

𝑘𝐴𝜀0
𝐶1 =
𝑑

2𝑘𝐴𝜀0
𝐶2 =
𝑑
3𝑘𝐴𝜀0
𝐶3 =
𝑑
4𝑘𝐴𝜀0
𝐶4 =
𝑑
Force on Dielectric & Combination of
Metallic Plates
 Force on dielectric

+𝑸 +𝑄 +

− − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − − −

𝒇𝒏𝒆𝒕 = 𝟎 𝑓𝑛𝑒𝑡

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

−𝑸 −𝑄 −
 Force on dielectric
𝑙
𝐴 = 𝑙𝑏
𝑏
𝑑 𝐴𝜀0 𝑙𝑏𝜀0
𝐶= =
𝑑 𝑑

𝑏 Find capacitance
𝑥
𝑙 C = C1 + C 2

𝑘𝑏𝑥𝜀0 𝑏(𝑙 − 𝑥) 𝜀0
= +
𝑑 𝑑
𝑙
𝑏𝜀0
= 𝑘 − 1 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑏𝑙
𝑘 d 𝑑

𝑥
𝑙−𝑥
 Force on dielectric

𝑙 (1) Fixed potential difference.

𝑏
𝑑 𝐶 = 𝐶1 + 𝐶2
𝑘 𝑘𝑏𝑥𝜀0 𝑏(𝑙 − 𝑥)𝜀0
𝜀 = +
𝑑 𝑑
𝑏𝜀0
= 𝑘−1 𝑥+𝑙
𝑑

1 1
𝑈 = 𝐶𝑉2 = 𝐶𝜀2
x 𝑙−𝑥 2 2
1 𝑏𝜀0
d 𝑘 felect 𝜀 𝑈= 𝑘 − 1 𝑥 + 𝑙 𝜀2
2 𝑑
𝑑𝑢 1 𝑏𝜀0 2
𝑓𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡 = − =− 𝜀 𝑘−1
𝑑𝑥 2 𝑑
 Force on dielectric

(1) Fixed potential difference.

𝑓𝑎𝑡𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡 = (𝑘 − 1)𝜀2

= 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡

x 𝑙−𝑥

d 𝑘 felect 𝜀
 Force on dielectric

𝑙, 𝑏 Find acceleration dielectric

𝑘 Release d 𝜀 (1) 𝑎 =
Mass=m

𝑏𝜀0(𝑘 − 1)𝜀2
=
2𝑑𝑚
L
(2) Find Umax of dielectric

2𝑏𝜀0(𝑘 − 1)𝜀2 𝑢=0

𝑉2 = 02 + 𝐿 𝑣 =?
2𝑑𝑚
𝑎=𝑣
𝑏𝜀0(𝑘 − 1) 𝑆=𝐿
Umax
𝑈𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜀
𝑑𝑚

𝑓
 Force on dielectric

(3) Find time period of oscillation.

1
𝑆 = 𝑢𝑡 + 𝑎𝑡2
2
1 𝑏𝜀0(𝑘 − 1)𝜀2 2
𝐿= × 𝑡
2 2𝑑𝑚

4𝑑𝑚𝐿
𝑡=
𝑏𝜀0(𝑘 − 1)𝜀2

𝑇 = 𝑢𝑡
 Force on dielectric

(2) Charge fixed

𝑄2 𝐶 = 𝐶1 + 𝐶2
𝑈=
2𝐶
𝑘𝑥𝑏𝜀0 (𝑙 − 𝑥)𝑏𝜀0
𝑄2𝑑 = +
𝑈= 𝑑 𝑑
2𝑏𝜀0 𝑘 − 1 𝑥 + 𝑙
𝑏𝜀0
𝐶= 𝑘−1 𝑥+𝑙
𝑑

𝑑𝑢 𝑄2𝑑 𝑘 − 1
𝑓=− = 2
≠ 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡.
𝑑𝑥 2𝑏𝜀0 𝑘 − 1 𝑥 + 𝑙
+𝑄 𝑙. 𝑏

𝑘 𝑓𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡 d

𝑥
−𝑄
 Force on dielectric

Ex If at any time t find charge on

𝜀 capacitor and current in circuit.

d
l,b

𝑣 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡

𝑙𝑖𝑔 {𝑘}
 Force on dielectric

Ex At any time t
Find
(1) Charge on capacitor
(2) Current in circuit

𝑙, 𝑏 𝑞
𝑣 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡
𝑑 𝜀
water k

−𝑞
 Combination of parallel metallic plates

Ex Find (Ceg)AB

A A
+ d
A+ A -
B -
A + d
A+ B (−)
d
A - Metallic
B
Variable dielectric, Spherical &
Cylindrical Capacitor
 Combinations of plates

Ex Metallic plates find C12.

A 3
-
1 d
+ 3
+
d -
d 3 +
-
2
Metallic plates
Find C12.

𝜀
 Combinations of plates

Ex find C12.

A 3
d -
+ 4
1 -
2d
+ 1
d +
- 3
d +
-
2 2

Metallic plates

𝜀
 Combinations of plates

Ex Find it’s capacitance.

𝑙, 𝑏

𝑥
𝑑

𝑥=𝑜
𝜀𝑟 = 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 𝑥=𝑙
 Combinations of plates

Ex Find it’s capacitance.

𝑙, 𝑏

𝜀𝑟 = 𝑘0𝑒 𝑑
𝑦