ran te s Ql) S80 1e plants grow in nitrogen-deficient soil. hey fulfil their nitrogen requirement by trapping and Js. Such plants are called insectivorous plants. Leaves in these plants are modified into 7 different structures to trap insects. Examples are Venus flytrap, pitcher plant, and bladderwort, : a). Voius flytrap: In this plant, lamina is divided into two flaps hinged at the mid-rib. Each leaf fap has lop, pointed hair at its margins, When an insect is entangled into these hair, the flaps are closed and digestiye juices are secreted over the insect b) Pitcher plant: The leaves of this plant are modified into a pitcher-like structure. A pitcher has hairy fibres ‘The petiole coils like a tendrl. The leaf apex is modified into a lid. When an insect lands on i, the lid ( closes and digestive juices from pitcher are secreted on the insect and it is digested. €) Bladderwort: The leaves of this plant form bladder-like structures with a tiny opening, called mouth, which allows small flies to enter the bladder, Flies when entering cannot come out and are digested within the bladder. Qo oe notosynthesis is the process by which green plants prepare food in the presence of sunlight by using water and carbon dioxide with the help of chlorophyll Word equation: Light Carbondioxide + Water ——"~——> | Glucose + Oxygen + Water Chiorophyi Photosynthesis takes place in the green leaves and young green stems of plants as they contain a green- coloured pigment called chlorophyll. Chlorophyll is present in chloroplasts within the plant cells. It absorbs sunlight (solar energy) which is essential for making food by the plants. The process of photosynthesis take place as follows:gno-1e au 4) Leaves capture solar energy with the help of chlorophyll. b) Carbon dioxide from the air enters the leaves through tiny pores called stomata, c) Water and minerals are absorbed from the soil through the root system. d) The solar energy captured by leaves is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucosero pes fe Short Answer (VSA) questions, 1 et) If desert plants do not modify their leaves into spines, they would lose water more rapidly through transpiration. It would be more difficult for them to survive in dry conditions of desert. ‘Stomata are more numerous on the lower surface of leaves. This minimises the exposure of stomata to direct sunlight and wind. This helps in reducing water loss through transpiration, Ifthe leaves of desert plants are modified into spines. In this case, photosynthesis primarily occurs in the ‘green stems, They do not survive without photosynthesis itis not right to say that each node gives rise toa single leaf bud only. Nodes can give rise to multiple leaf buds, Examples: In opposite phyllotaxy, two leaves grow opposite to each other from the same node as in guava and ruls. In whorled phyllotaxy, three or more leaves grow from the same node as in Neritum and Asparagus.Nols3~ = any 02? ‘The plant has wilted because of exc sunlight 'b)Riya’s mother can make the plant normal by placing it in a shaded or cooler area and watering the plant ‘adequately. This will reduce water loss through transpiration and maintain the moisture in the so. sive transpiration (water loss) from the plant due to intensewy 2. (©) No-20 fer SHOrt Answer (SA) questions, 1. The flat surface of leaves pr ‘ ng out provid light. This helps in carrying, Pon SSN! Ove avant exes 2. No, photosynthesis does n¢ photo: ‘ot occur at night. During the day, plants utilise sunlight to carry out photosynthesis Atnight, in the absence of f sunlight, the process does not occur: 3. Labelled diagram of a simple leaf: (Refer to fig. 1.4 Structure ofa leat) 4 . Missing step: Riya did not boil the leaf in alcohol to remove chlorophyll before applying iodine. P9207 20 , ‘> Short Answer (SA) questions 1, A flowchart depicting the major plant systems and their constituents: Major plant systems <> Root system Shoot system —_ -— Flowers Stem Leaves