A)AWS Pricing Models

1.Pay-as-you-go-This pricing allows you to easily adapt to changing business needs without
overcommitting budgets and improving your responsiveness to changes. With a pay as you go model,
you can adapt your business depending on need and not on forecasts, reducing the risk or
overprovisioning or missing capacity.

By paying for services on an as needed basis, you can redirect your focus to innovation and invention,
fully elastic.

2.Save when you commit--Savings Plans is a flexible pricing model.Savings Plans offer savings over
On-Demand in exchange for a commitment to use a specific amount (measured in $/hour) of an AWS
service or a category of services, for a one- or three-year period.

3.Pay less by using more--For services such as S3 and data transfer OUT from EC2, pricing is tiered,
meaning the more you use, the less you pay per GB. In addition, data transfer IN is always free of
charge.

B) On-premises Vs on-cloud Vs hybrid cloud computing models

on-premises computing On-Cloud computing Hybrid computing

1. IT infrastructure managed
within the organization’s own
facilities.
2. High upfront capital
expenses (CapEx).
3. Managed internally; can be
customized to specific needs.
4. Requires in-house IT team
for maintenance and updates.
5. Limited by physical
hardware; requires additional
purchases for scaling.
IT infrastructure managed by a
third-party provider and
accessed via the internet.
Operational expenses (OpEx)
with pay-as-you-go pricing.
Managed by the cloud
provider; follows industry
standards.
Maintenance and updates
managed by the cloud
provider.
Highly scalable; resources can
be adjusted as needed.
Combination of on-premises
infrastructure and cloud
services.
Mix of CapEx and OpEx; can
optimize cost depending on
the needs.
Shared responsibility; on-
premises maintenance and
cloud updates.
Shared responsibility; on-
premises maintenance and
cloud updates.
Flexible scalability; can use
cloud for additional capacity.

C) IAAS, PAAS and SAAS.

IAAS PAAS SAAS

1. Provides virtualized
computing resources over the
internet.
2. User manages applications,
data, runtime, middleware,
and OS.
Provides a platform allowing
customers to develop, run, and
manage applications.
User manages applications and
data; provider manages
runtime, middleware, OS, and
infrastructure.
Delivers software applications
over the internet on a
subscription basis.
Provider manages the entire
stack, including applications
and data.
 Highly scalable; users can add Scalable depending on Scalable based on service plan
or remove resources as platform capabilities. and usage.
needed.
AWS EC2: Virtual servers for Heroku, AWS Elastic Beanstalk GitHub,Slck,Trello
running applications.Google
Compute Engine: Scalable
virtual machines.

D) History of AWS and key milestones and developments in its evolution

 2002: Amazon launched its first web services, allowing developers to incorporate
Amazon’s features into their websites.

 2006: AWS officially launched with two initial services:

 Amazon S3 (Simple Storage Service): A scalable storage service.

 Amazon EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud): A virtual server service providing resizable
compute capacity.

Key Milestones and Developments

 2007-2009:
o 2007: Introduction of Simple Queue Service (SQS) and Elastic Load
Balancing (ELB).
o 2008: Launch of Amazon EBS (Elastic Block Store) for persistent storage.
o 2009: Introduction of Amazon CloudFront (content delivery network) and
AWS VPC (Virtual Private Cloud).
 2010-2012:
o 2010: Launch of AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM) for user
access control.
o 2011: Introduction of AWS Elastic Beanstalk for deploying and managing
applications.
o 2012: Launch of Amazon Glacier for low-cost archival storage and Amazon
DynamoDB, a fully managed NoSQL database service.
 2013-2015:
o 2013: Introduction of AWS CloudTrail for API call logging.
o 2014: Launch of AWS Lambda, enabling serverless computing.
o 2015: Introduction of Amazon Elastic File System (EFS) and AWS
CodeCommit for source control.
 2016-2018:
o 2016: Launch of Amazon Polly (text-to-speech service), AWS Snowball
(data transfer service), and AWS X-Ray (debugging tool).
o 2017: Introduction of Amazon Athena (serverless query service) and AWS
Fargate for container management.
o 2018: Launch of AWS Amplify for mobile and web app development and
AWS DeepRacer for reinforcement learning.
 2019-Present:
o 2019: Introduction of AWS Outposts for on-premises cloud services and
AWS Wavelength for 5G applications.
o 2020: Launch of Amazon Honeycode (app builder) and AWS Proton
(automated management for containers and serverless).
o 2021: Introduction of AWS Graviton2 processors for better performance and
cost.
o 2022: Launch of AWS Cloud WAN for global network management.
o 2023: Introduction of Amazon Bedrock, an AI foundation model service, and
Amazon SageMaker Canvas for no-code machine learning.