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General
Power Quality
Light The table below lists the direct fuel heating values of various fuels and heat sources.
Commercial/Industrial
Direct Fuel Heating Values
Residential
Fuel Sources Higher Heating Value (HHV) Density Ratio
Reference File Cabinet
Btu/ft.3 Btu/lb. lb./ft.3 LHV/HHV
Heavy Commercial &
Natural Gas- Typical1 1,030 See1 See1 0.900
Industrial
Propane 2,524 21,669 0.1196 0.920
Agriculture Methane 1,012 23,875 0.0425 0.922
FAQs Butane 3,271 21,321 0.1582 0.923
Hydrogen 325 61,095 0.0053 0.846
Carbon Monoxide 321 4,347 0.0740 1.000

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1Natural gas is a mixture of several gases and can vary in composition from supplier to
supplier. For this and other reasons it is often sold on the basis of "therms" (1 therm equals
100,000 Btu HHV) rather than per ft.3.

Heating fuels are normally handled in one of the following ways. Some fuels are stored or
warehoused (such as fuel oil in a tank or coal in a bunker), while other fuels such as natural
gas or electricity are point-of-use fuels. Point-of-use fuels are delivered as used to energy
customers through utility piping or wiring networks, and are metered and billed after
consumption. Stored fuels are paid for when purchased.

Liquid, Solid and Other Fuels

Energy Sources Heating Value Density
Btu/ U.S. Gal Btu/ lb. lb./U.S. Gal
Gasoline 123,500 20,503 6.00
Diesel 137,750 19,400 7.10
Kerosene 134,000 19,940 6.72
#6 Fuel Oil 150,500 18,740 8.03
Waste Wood, Typical 9,000
Waste Cardboard, Typical 6,800
100 psig Steam 1,189
Coal, Bituminous 12,250
Electricity 3,413 Btu/kWh (@ Site)
Hot Water Gives up 1 Btu/lb./oF cooled 8.34

Stored fuel suppliers are not regulated as closely or carefully compared to point of-use fuel
suppliers. As a result, prices for stored fuels tend to fluctuate more widely with market
conditions. Point-of-use suppliers are normally regulated by state agencies and are
restricted to rate schedules that tend to lag the market response of stored fuels.

Links to Related Topics

Unitary Equipment
Electric Infrared
Hot Water and Steam
Electric Broilers
Central Plant System

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Advantages of Electric Heat

Electrical Resistance
Forced Air Heating Systems
System Description

This application uses your local weather and energy rates. This is only an estimate of your actual energy use.
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