'kCn ,oa in 9

'kCn ,oa in
1 [WORD AND PHRASE]

'kCn % gekjs eq[k ls mPPkkfjr gksus okyh lHkh /ofu;k° lkFkZd ugha gksrha( tSlsµ ;] y] d] i] p
vkfnA bu Íofu;ksa esa tc fdlh Hkko ;k fopkj dks O;Dr djus dh lkFkZdrk vk tkrh gS rc ;g ^'kCn*
dgykrh gSa vFkkZr~ ^'kCn* ml /ofu lewg dks dgrs gSa] ftlesa Hkko vFkok fopkj dks O;Dr djus dh {kerk
gksrh gSA
,d ;k vf/kd o.kks± ¼/ofu;ksa½ ls cuh lkFkZd bdkbZ ^'kCn* dgykrh gSA
vr% 'kCn ,d ;k vusd o.kks± mfpr la;kstu ls curs gSa( tSlsµ uy] ge] xxu] [kVey vkfnA
'kCn Hkk"kk dh Lora= bdkbZ gksrs gSa ( tSlsµdey] I;kjk] NksVk] v/;kid vkfnA izR;sd 'kCn dk dq N-u-dq N
vFkZ vo'; gksrk gSA vr% 'kCn lkFkZd gksrs gSaA
in % 'kCn Hkk"kk dh Lora= bdkbZ gSA ;fn bu 'kCnksa dks T;ksa-dk-R;ksa okD; esa j[k fn;k tk, rks
lkFkZd okD;-jpuk ugha gks ldrhA
mnkgj.k fy, ^d{kk fdrkc i<+ u k* 'kCnksa dks ,d lkFk mu ewy :i esa j[kdj cksyrs gSa rks
;g vFkZiw.kZ okD; ugha dgyk,xkA bldk lkFkZd okD; cukus fy, mu :i esa ifjorZu dj ;fn
^cPps d{kkvks a es a fdrkcs a i<+ r s gS a A * cksyk tk, rks okD; jpuk vFkZiw.kZ gks tkrh gSA
okD; dks lkFkZd cukus fy, ^cPpk* 'kCn esa ^,* izR;; yxkdj ^cPps * ] ^d{kk* 'kCn esa
^vks a * izR;; yxkdj d{kkvks a ] ^fdrkc* 'kCn esa ^,* izR;; yxkdj ^fdrkcs a * dj mu :i esa
ifjorZu fd;k x;k gS rFkk es a ] gS a ijlxks± dk Hkh iz;ksx fd;k x;k gSA bl okD; esa yM+ ] d{kkvks a ]
fdrkcs a ] i<+ r s :i gh in gSaA vr% Lora= 'kCn esa izR;; yxkdj okD; esa iz;qDr gksus ;ksX; ifjofrZr
'kCn-:i gh in dgykrk gSA
in dk vFkZ gS ^iSiS j* vFkkZr ^pyus
pyus okyk
okyk*A nwljs 'kCnksa esa] ge dg ldrs gS fd 'kCn tc fofHkUu izR;;ksa
la;ksx ls okD;ksa esa pyus ;ksX; cu tkrs gSa] rks mUgsa in dgrs gSaA
* 'kCn & /kjk] iqLrd] i<+rh in & /kjk iqLrd i<+rh gSA
la{ksi esa ifjHkk"kk :i esa ge dg ldrs gSa fdµ
ßO;kdj.k fu;eksa ls ;qDr 'kCn okD; esa iz;ksx gksus okys fofHkUu :i gh ^in* dgykrs gSaAÞ
mi;qZDr ifjHkk"kk vuqlkjµ
1. ^in* 'kCnksa ls curs gSa vkSj okD; esa iz;qDr gksrs gSaA
2. tc dksbZ 'kCn bl ;ksX; cuk fy;k tkrk gS fd og okD; esa iz;qDr gks l rks og in dgykrk gSA
3. 'kCn Hkk"kk dh Lora= bdkbZ gksrs gSa ¯drq in okD; vU; 'kCnksa ls c°/ks gksrs gSAa budk Lora= iz;ksx ugha gksrkA
4. ,d gh 'kCn esa fofHkUu izR;; tksM+dj vusd in cuk, tkrs gSa ( tSlsµ py ¼^'kwU;* izR;;½] pyk
¼^vk* izR;;½] pys ¼^,* izR;;½] pysaxs ¼^,°xs* izR;;½] pydj ¼^dj* izR;;½] yM+dk ¼^'kwU;*
izR;;½] yM+ ¼^,* izR;;½] yM+dksa ¼^vksa* izR;;½ vkfnA
5. okD; esa iz;qDr inksa [kaM fd, tk ldrs gSaA inksa esa ls izR;; gVkdj mUgsa iqu% 'kCn cuk;k tk ldrk
gSA okD; esa inksa iz;ksx vk/kkj ij 'kCn eq[; :i ls nks izdkj ekus x, gSa %
1. fodkjh 'kCn 2. vfodkjh 'kCn
10 izHkkr O;kdj.k-v;u] d{kk nloha ^ch*
1. fodkjh 'kCn %
tks 'kCn okD; esa iz;ksx fd, tkus ij ¯yx] opu vkSj dkjd dkj.k viuk :i cny ysrs gSa] mUgsa
fodkjh 'kCn dgrs gSa( tSlsµ
yM+dk µyM+dh ¼¯yx-ifjorZu½
yM+dk µyM+ ¼opu-ifjorZu½
yM+dk µyM+dksa ls ¼dkjd-iz;ksx½
fodkjh 'kCnksa eq[; :i ls pkj Hksn gSaµ
(i) laKk] (ii) loZuke] (iii) fo'ks"k.k rFkk (iv) fØ;k
2. vfodkjh 'kCn %
ftu 'kCnksa esa okD;ksa esa iz;ksx fd, tkus ij ¯yx] opu] dkjd vkfn dkj.k dksbZ ifjorZu ugha gksrk
vFkkZr~ tks 'kCn lnSo ,d ls jgrs gSa] os vfodkjh 'kCn dgykrs gSa( tSlsµ
¼d½ yM+dk /;kuiwoZd i<+ jgk gSA
¼[k½ yM+dh /;kuiwoZd i<+ jgh gSA
¼x½ yM+ /;kuiwoZd i<+ jgs gSaA
¼?k½ yM+dksa dks /;kuiwoZd i<+us nksA
mi;qZDr lHkh okD;ksa esa ¯yx] opu vkSj dkjd dkj.k ^/;kuiwoZd* 'kCn :i esa dksbZ ifjorZu
ugha gqvk gSA vr% ^/;kuiwoZd* vO;; ;k vfodkjh 'kCn gSA vfodkjh 'kCn Hkh ik°p izdkj gSaµ
(i) fØ;k-fo'ks"k.k] (ii) laca/kcks/kd] (iii) leqPp;cks/kd]
(iv) foLe;kfncks/kd rFkk (v) fuikr

'kCn vkSj in esa varj

'kCn in
1- vFkZiw.kZ o.kZ lewg dks 'kCn dgrs gSaA ;gh 'kCn tc okD; esa iz;qDr gksrs gSa rks in dgykrs gSaA
2- budk Lora= iz;ksx gks ldrk gSA budk Lora= iz;ksx ugha gksrkA
3- buls inksa dk fuekZ.k gksrk gSA inksa ls inca/kksa dh jpuk gksrh gSA
4- tSlsµ ^ty ifo= cgrk gksrk gS fujarj* tSlµ s ^fujarj cgrk ty ifo= gksrk gS*
esa lHkh 'kCn gaSA esa lHkh in gSaA
* dey
deyµ;g ,d 'kCn gSA
dey ,d izdkj dk Qw y gSµ bl okD; esa dey O;kdj.k ds fu;eksa ds vuqlkj okD; esa iz;qDr gSA blfy,
;g in gSA 'kCn Lora= gksrk gS tcfd 'kCn tc okD; esa iz;qDr gksrk gS rc in dgykrk gSA
* yM+ d kkµ;g ,d 'kCn gSA
yM+ d k [ksy jgk gSA bl okD; esa yM+ d k 'kCn dk okD; esa iz;ksx gksus ds dkj.k og in dgykrk gSA
 'kCn tc rd 'kCndks"k esa ;k Lora= :i esa jgrs gSa rc rd os 'kCn dgykrs gSa
 tc 'kCn foHkfDr;ksa ls ;qDr gksdj okD; esa iz;ksx fd;k tkrk gS rc og in dgykrk gSA
 in Hkk"kk dh c`gn bdkbZ gS tks dks'k esa ugha gksrhA
'kCn ,oa in 11

vH;kl-iz'u
I. mfpr mRrj Nk° V dj fu£n"V LFkku ij fyf[k, %
1- eq[k ls mPpkfjr gksus okyh lkFkZd /ofu gSµ ------------------------------------------------
(i) o.kZ (iii) okD;
(ii) 'kCn (iv) in
2- fuEufyf[kr esa ls fodkjh 'kCn gSaµ ------------------------------------------------
(i) vO;; (iii) loZuke
(ii) laca/kcks/kd (iv) leqPp;cks/kd
3- okD; esa iz;qDr gkssus okys 'kCn gSaµ ------------------------------------------------
(i) 'kCn (iii) O;atu
(ii) Íofu (iv) in
4- eksgu us dq Rrs dks iqpdkjkA js[kkafdr dks dgsaxs ------------------------------------------------
(i) fØ;k (iii) loZuke
(ii) in (iv) fo'ks"k.k
5- esjk iz;kx esa jgus okyk fe= dy vk,xkA js[kkafdr gSµ ------------------------------------------------
(i) in (iii) 'kCn
(ii) okD; (iv) inca/k
6- okD; esa iz;ksx vk/kkj ij 'kCn :i gksrs gSaµ ------------------------------------------------
(i) ,d (iii) pkj
(ii) rhu (iv) nks
II. mfpr mRrj fu£n"V LFkku ij fyf[k, %
1- lksgu /khjs&/khjs py jgk gSA js[kkafdr dks dgsaxsµ ---------------------------------------------------------
2- vO;; 'kCnksa dks dgsaxsµ ---------------------------------------------------------

3- 'kCn dh lcls NksVh bdkbZ dgykrh gSµ ---------------------------------------------------------

4- o"kkZ _rq esa /kjk gjh&Hkjh gks tkrh gSA js[kkafdr gSµ ---------------------------------------------------------
5- okD; feydj curk gSµ ---------------------------------------------------------

6- ^vuq'kklu* 'kCn dk dkSu&lk Hksn gS\ ---------------------------------------------------------

III. fuEufyf[kr iz ' uks a ds mRrj fyf[k, %

1- 'kCn dgrs gSa
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12 izHkkr O;kdj.k-v;u] d{kk nloha ^ch*
2- in dgrs gSaµ
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3- 'kCn vkSj in esa izeq[k varj gSµ

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4- 'kCn dc in curk gS\

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5- 'kCn vkSj in ds varj dks mnkgj.k n~okjk Li"V dhft,A

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6- 'kCn dc rd 'kCn gh jgrk gS] in ugha dgykrk\ mnkgj.k lfgr fyf[k,A

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7- 'kCn okD; esa iz;qDr gksus ij D;k dgykrk gS\ mnkgj.k nsdj le>kb,A
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8- 'kCn dks in cuus fy, fdu O;kdjf.kd caÍkuksa ls c°/kuk iM+rk gS\ le>kb,A
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9- 'kCn in cuus ij D;k ifjorZu gksrk gS\ mnkgj.k nsdj le>kb,A

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